*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
*vmwdNrdKUESihf {zufNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfrsm;twGuf
&Sifaygvk\oGefoifqkH;rcsufrsm;ukd qifjcifESvkH;oGif;
avhvmjcif;
tufzf? 0def; rufvD,kd'ftufzf? 0def; rufvD,kd'f
tufzf? 0def; rufvD,kd'ftufzf? 0def; rufvD,kd'f
tufzf? 0def; rufvD,kd'f
(F. WAYNE MAC LEOD)
rmwdumrmwdum
rmwdumrmwdum
rmwdum
pum;OD; ------------------------------------------------- 1
*vmwdMo0g'pmukded'gef;ysKd;jcif; -------------------------- 5
1/ tjcm;aom{0Ha*vdw&m; --------------------------- 9
2/ &kSifaygvkxHü {0Ha*vdw&m;ukdaz:jyjcif; ------------ 19
3/ aygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf ----- 31
4/ &SifaygvkESihf &Sifayw½k ---------------------------- 41
5/ ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm; ------------------- 51
6/ ynwfw&m;\&nf&G,fcsuf -------------------------- 63
7/ om;rsm;ESihf tapcHuRefrsm; ------------------------- 73
8/ [m*&ESihfpm&m ------------------------------------ 81
9/ ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;taMumif; a[majymjcif; ------------ 91
10/ 0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif; ------------------ 103
11/ ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum; --------------------------------- 117
{zufMo0g'pmudked'gef;ysKd;jcif; ---------------------------- 129
12/ ocifc&pfawmfü ----------------------------------- 135
13/ ukd,fawmfü BuD;xGm;jcif; ---------------------------- 147
14/ ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif; ------------ 157
15/ wuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwf --------------------------- 167
16/ aygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf
----- 177
Light To My Path Book Distribution
Sydney Mines, NS, CANADA
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
*vmwdNrdKUESihf {zufNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfrsm;twGuf
&Sifaygvk\oGefoifqkH;rcsufrsm;ukd qifjcifESvkH;oGif;
avhvmjcif;
tufzf? 0def; rufvD,kd'ftufzf? 0def; rufvD,kd'f
tufzf? 0def; rufvD,kd'ftufzf? 0def; rufvD,kd'f
tufzf? 0def; rufvD,kd'f
(F. WAYNE MAC LEOD)
rmwdumrmwdum
rmwdumrmwdum
rmwdum
pum;OD; ------------------------------------------------- 1
*vmwdMo0g'pmukded'gef;ysKd;jcif; -------------------------- 5
1/ tjcm;aom{0Ha*vdw&m; --------------------------- 9
2/ &kSifaygvkxHü {0Ha*vdw&m;ukdaz:jyjcif; ------------ 19
3/ aygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf ----- 31
4/ &SifaygvkESihf &Sifayw½k ---------------------------- 41
5/ ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm; ------------------- 51
6/ ynwfw&m;\&nf&G,fcsuf -------------------------- 63
7/ om;rsm;ESihf tapcHuRefrsm; ------------------------- 73
8/ [m*&ESihfpm&m ------------------------------------ 81
9/ ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;taMumif; a[majymjcif; ------------ 91
10/ 0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif; ------------------ 103
11/ ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum; --------------------------------- 117
{zufMo0g'pmudked'gef;ysKd;jcif; ---------------------------- 129
12/ ocifc&pfawmfü ----------------------------------- 135
13/ ukd,fawmfü BuD;xGm;jcif; ---------------------------- 147
14/ ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif; ------------ 157
15/ wuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwf --------------------------- 167
16/ aygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf
----- 177
Light To My Path Book Distribution
Sydney Mines, NS, CANADA
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
17/ {zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\
qkawmif;csuf -------------------------------------- 189
18/ qifhac:jcif;ESihf xkdufwefaomtoufwmukd
&Sifoefjcif; ----------------------------------------- 199
19/ vlwdkYtm;qkvmbfrsm;ukday;awmfrl\ ----------------- 215
20/ vlopfukd ,lwif0wfaqmifjcif; ---------------------- 231
21/ tvif;ü&Sifoefjcif; -------------------------------- 245
22/ vifESihfr,m; --------------------------------------- 259
23/ tvkdawmfESihfnDaom qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm; ------------- 273
24/ ocifbk&m;tm;jzifh ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuavmh --------------- 283
25/ vufeufpkHukd 0wfaqmifMuavmh --------------------- 295
26/ ewfqkd;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm; -------------------- 307
27/ or®mw&m;wnf;[laomcg;yef; ---------------------- 315
28/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom&iftkyfwefqm ------ 327
29/ {0Ha*vdw&m;wnf;[laomajcpGyf ------------------- 339
30/ ,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm; -------------------- 349
31/ u,fwifjcif;wnf;[laomoHcarmuf ---------------- 361
32/ 0dnmOfawmf\"g; ----------------------------------- 375
33/ 0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh --------------- 389
33/ Ekd;Mum;vQufowd&SdMuavmh -------------------------- 403
35/ ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum; --------------------------------- 413
pum;OD;pum;OD;
pum;OD;pum;OD;
pum;OD;
*vmwdMo0g'pmwGif &Sifaygvkurdrd\acwfumvrS ,kHMunf
olrsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\avmavmvwfvwfwnfaqmufxm;aom ocif
a,½IESihf qufqH&if;ESD;rIü arma&Say;aomynwfw&m;\ tcef;u@
taMumif;ukd azmfjycJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonf ynwfw&m;taMumif;
a[majymjcif;ukd tckdiftrmqefYusifcJhaomfvnf; ocifa,½Ic&pfawmf
wpfyg;wnf;ü ,kHMunfjcif;jzihf u,fwifjcif;&&Sdjcif;t,l0g'ukdrl tckdif
trmaxmufcHcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku *vmwd,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ocifa,½I
jyKcJhaomtrIawmftm;jzihf 4if;wkdYonf ynwfw&m;ESihfynwfw&m;\
awmif;qkdjy|mef;csufrsm;rS vGwfajrmufcJhMuí bk&m;ocif\om;orD;
rsm;tjzpf arG;pm;cHMu&aMumif;ukd jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/
{zufMo0g'pmwGif wrefawmfBuD;u ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ocif
a,½Iü&Sdaom 4if;wkdYk\t½kduft&mESihf tusKd;tjrwfrsm;ukd today;
cJhonf/ xkdYtjyif? 0dnmOfawmfü usifvnfavQmufvSrf;jcif;twGuf
vrf;ñTefcsuftcsKdUukd ay;cJhNyD;? 4if;wkdYwpfOD;csif;u rvGJ{uef&ifqkdif
cJhMurnfh 0dnmOfwkdufyGJtwGuf rnfokdYjyifqifMu&rnfukdvnf; jyoay;
cJhonf/ wrefawmfBuD;onf rdom;pkESihfvnf;aumif;? vkyfief;cGifESihf
vnf;aumif; oufqkdifaomvufawGUtajccHOya'otcsKdUukdvnf; a0iS
cJhonf/
þpmpOfwGJ&Sd tjcm;pmtkyfrsm;tm;vkH;enf;wl þ&Sif;vif;csuf
pmtkyfukd or®musrf;csufrsm;ESihftwl zwf½I&efrSmuREkfyf\qE´jzpfonf/
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
17/ {zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\
qkawmif;csuf -------------------------------------- 189
18/ qifhac:jcif;ESihf xkdufwefaomtoufwmukd
&Sifoefjcif; ----------------------------------------- 199
19/ vlwdkYtm;qkvmbfrsm;ukday;awmfrl\ ----------------- 215
20/ vlopfukd ,lwif0wfaqmifjcif; ---------------------- 231
21/ tvif;ü&Sifoefjcif; -------------------------------- 245
22/ vifESihfr,m; --------------------------------------- 259
23/ tvkdawmfESihfnDaom qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm; ------------- 273
24/ ocifbk&m;tm;jzifh ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuavmh --------------- 283
25/ vufeufpkHukd 0wfaqmifMuavmh --------------------- 295
26/ ewfqkd;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm; -------------------- 307
27/ or®mw&m;wnf;[laomcg;yef; ---------------------- 315
28/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom&iftkyfwefqm ------ 327
29/ {0Ha*vdw&m;wnf;[laomajcpGyf ------------------- 339
30/ ,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm; -------------------- 349
31/ u,fwifjcif;wnf;[laomoHcarmuf ---------------- 361
32/ 0dnmOfawmf\"g; ----------------------------------- 375
33/ 0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh --------------- 389
33/ Ekd;Mum;vQufowd&SdMuavmh -------------------------- 403
35/ ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum; --------------------------------- 413
pum;OD;pum;OD;
pum;OD;pum;OD;
pum;OD;
*vmwdMo0g'pmwGif &Sifaygvkurdrd\acwfumvrS ,kHMunf
olrsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\avmavmvwfvwfwnfaqmufxm;aom ocif
a,½IESihf qufqH&if;ESD;rIü arma&Say;aomynwfw&m;\ tcef;u@
taMumif;ukd azmfjycJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonf ynwfw&m;taMumif;
a[majymjcif;ukd tckdiftrmqefYusifcJhaomfvnf; ocifa,½Ic&pfawmf
wpfyg;wnf;ü ,kHMunfjcif;jzihf u,fwifjcif;&&Sdjcif;t,l0g'ukdrl tckdif
trmaxmufcHcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku *vmwd,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ocifa,½I
jyKcJhaomtrIawmftm;jzihf 4if;wkdYonf ynwfw&m;ESihfynwfw&m;\
awmif;qkdjy|mef;csufrsm;rS vGwfajrmufcJhMuí bk&m;ocif\om;orD;
rsm;tjzpf arG;pm;cHMu&aMumif;ukd jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/
{zufMo0g'pmwGif wrefawmfBuD;u ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ocif
a,½Iü&Sdaom 4if;wkdYk\t½kduft&mESihf tusKd;tjrwfrsm;ukd today;
cJhonf/ xkdYtjyif? 0dnmOfawmfü usifvnfavQmufvSrf;jcif;twGuf
vrf;ñTefcsuftcsKdUukd ay;cJhNyD;? 4if;wkdYwpfOD;csif;u rvGJ{uef&ifqkdif
cJhMurnfh 0dnmOfwkdufyGJtwGuf rnfokdYjyifqifMu&rnfukdvnf; jyoay;
cJhonf/ wrefawmfBuD;onf rdom;pkESihfvnf;aumif;? vkyfief;cGifESihf
vnf;aumif; oufqkdifaomvufawGUtajccHOya'otcsKdUukdvnf; a0iS
cJhonf/
þpmpOfwGJ&Sd tjcm;pmtkyfrsm;tm;vkH;enf;wl þ&Sif;vif;csuf
pmtkyfukd or®musrf;csufrsm;ESihftwl zwf½I&efrSmuREkfyf\qE´jzpfonf/
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm2 3
oifonfþ&Sif;vif;csufpmtkyfukdomzwf½IvQif uREfkyftxajrmuf
NyD;jynfhpHkapvkdaomt&mukd vGJacsmfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ þ&Sif;vif;csuf
pmtkyfonfor®musrf;pmukd tpm;xkd;zkdYr[kwfyg/ or®musrf;pmavhvm
jcif;twGuf taxmuftulypönf;wpfckomjzpfonf/ tcef;wpfcef;pD\
tpykdif;ü azmfjyxm;aom or®musrf;csufrsm;ESihftwl þpmtkyfukd
zwf½IzkdY uREkfyfwkdufwGef;ygonf/ þpmtkyfonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmf\ae&mukdvnf; tpm;xkd;zkdYr[kwfyg/ þpmtkyfukd uREkfyfa&;om;
pOfü bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfukdvrf;jyay;cJhaMumif; uREkfyf
,kHMunfxm;ygaomfvnf? þpmtkyfzwf½Iavhvmjcif;ü vnf;aumif;?
teufzGihf&Sif;vif;ay;&ef &nf&G,fxm;aom or®musrf;ukd zwf½Iavhvm
jcif;üvnf; 0dnmOfawmfonf oifhukdvrf;jyay;vdrfhrnf[k uREkfyf
vufcHxm;onf/ oihftm; xkd;xGif;odjrifEkdifpGrf;ukday;zkdY bk&m;ocif\
0dnmOfawmfukd awmif;avQmufyg/ 0dnmOfawmfonf oihfukdxkd;xGif;
odjrifEkdifpGrf;ukday;zkdY þpmtkyfukda&G;cs,faumif; a&G;cs,fygvdrfhrnf/
okdYwnf;r[kwf 0dnmOfawmfonf oihfukdwkduf½kdufpdefac:aumif; pdefac:
ygvdrfhrnf/ ta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm oifzwf½Iavhvm&mü bk&m;
ocif\ 0dnmOfawmftm; oihfukdvrf;jyapjcif;jzpfonf/
þavhvmrIukd oiftpjyKonfESihf ocifbk&m;xHü taMumif;
udpötcsKdUukd aqmif,lvmzdkYtcsdeftenf;i,f ,lapcsifygonf/ yxr
taejzihf? bk&m;ocifonf oihfukdrdrdtxHyg;okdY omíeD;uyfpGmqGJ,l&ef
twGuf þpmtkyfukd oifhtoufwmü tokH;jyK&ef aus;Zl;jyKíqkawmif;
yg/ 'kwd,taejzihf urÇmwpf0Srf;&Sd tjcm;olrsm;\toufwmü
þpmtkyfukd aumif;BuD;ay;zkdY aus;Zl;jyKíqkawmif;yg/ þpmpOfwGJrS
axmifESihfcsDaompmtkyfrsm;pGmukd urÇmwpf0Srf;rS csKdUwJhaomoif;tkyf
q&mrsm;ESihf c&pf,meftrIawmfaqmifrsm;tm; ay;ykdYvQuf&Sdonf/
ajrmufjrm;pGmaom vlwkdYukdocifc&pfawmfESihf ykdíeD;pyfuRrf;0ifvmapzkdY
þpmtkyfESihf þpmpOfwGJrStjcm;pmtkyfrsm;onf bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf
\vufxJü tokH;0ifaomt&mrsm;jzpfvmrnfhtaMumif; aus;Zl;jyKí
uREkfyfESihftwl qkawmif;yg/
þavhvmrIukd oifpwifvkyfaqmifonfESihftrQ bk&m;ocif
onf oihfukd<u,f0pGm aumif;BuD;ay;ygap/
tufzf 0def; rufvD,kd'f
pum;OD;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm2 3
oifonfþ&Sif;vif;csufpmtkyfukdomzwf½IvQif uREfkyftxajrmuf
NyD;jynfhpHkapvkdaomt&mukd vGJacsmfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ þ&Sif;vif;csuf
pmtkyfonfor®musrf;pmukd tpm;xkd;zkdYr[kwfyg/ or®musrf;pmavhvm
jcif;twGuf taxmuftulypönf;wpfckomjzpfonf/ tcef;wpfcef;pD\
tpykdif;ü azmfjyxm;aom or®musrf;csufrsm;ESihftwl þpmtkyfukd
zwf½IzkdY uREkfyfwkdufwGef;ygonf/ þpmtkyfonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmf\ae&mukdvnf; tpm;xkd;zkdYr[kwfyg/ þpmtkyfukd uREkfyfa&;om;
pOfü bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfukdvrf;jyay;cJhaMumif; uREkfyf
,kHMunfxm;ygaomfvnf? þpmtkyfzwf½Iavhvmjcif;ü vnf;aumif;?
teufzGihf&Sif;vif;ay;&ef &nf&G,fxm;aom or®musrf;ukd zwf½Iavhvm
jcif;üvnf; 0dnmOfawmfonf oifhukdvrf;jyay;vdrfhrnf[k uREkfyf
vufcHxm;onf/ oihftm; xkd;xGif;odjrifEkdifpGrf;ukday;zkdY bk&m;ocif\
0dnmOfawmfukd awmif;avQmufyg/ 0dnmOfawmfonf oihfukdxkd;xGif;
odjrifEkdifpGrf;ukday;zkdY þpmtkyfukda&G;cs,faumif; a&G;cs,fygvdrfhrnf/
okdYwnf;r[kwf 0dnmOfawmfonf oihfukdwkduf½kdufpdefac:aumif; pdefac:
ygvdrfhrnf/ ta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm oifzwf½Iavhvm&mü bk&m;
ocif\ 0dnmOfawmftm; oihfukdvrf;jyapjcif;jzpfonf/
þavhvmrIukd oiftpjyKonfESihf ocifbk&m;xHü taMumif;
udpötcsKdUukd aqmif,lvmzdkYtcsdeftenf;i,f ,lapcsifygonf/ yxr
taejzihf? bk&m;ocifonf oihfukdrdrdtxHyg;okdY omíeD;uyfpGmqGJ,l&ef
twGuf þpmtkyfukd oifhtoufwmü tokH;jyK&ef aus;Zl;jyKíqkawmif;
yg/ 'kwd,taejzihf urÇmwpf0Srf;&Sd tjcm;olrsm;\toufwmü
þpmtkyfukd aumif;BuD;ay;zkdY aus;Zl;jyKíqkawmif;yg/ þpmpOfwGJrS
axmifESihfcsDaompmtkyfrsm;pGmukd urÇmwpf0Srf;rS csKdUwJhaomoif;tkyf
q&mrsm;ESihf c&pf,meftrIawmfaqmifrsm;tm; ay;ykdYvQuf&Sdonf/
ajrmufjrm;pGmaom vlwkdYukdocifc&pfawmfESihf ykdíeD;pyfuRrf;0ifvmapzkdY
þpmtkyfESihf þpmpOfwGJrStjcm;pmtkyfrsm;onf bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf
\vufxJü tokH;0ifaomt&mrsm;jzpfvmrnfhtaMumif; aus;Zl;jyKí
uREkfyfESihftwl qkawmif;yg/
þavhvmrIukd oifpwifvkyfaqmifonfESihftrQ bk&m;ocif
onf oihfukd<u,f0pGm aumif;BuD;ay;ygap/
tufzf 0def; rufvD,kd'f
pum;OD;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
*vmwdMo0g'pmukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;*vmwdMo0g'pmukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pmukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;*vmwdMo0g'pmukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pmukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
a&;om;jyKpkol
&Sifaygvku rdrdukd,fukd *vmwdMo0g'pmtm; a&;om;cJhol
tjzpfusrf;\yxrtcef;BuD;ü azmfjyxm;onf/ &Sifaygvka&;om;
jyKpkcJhaMumif;ukd tcef;BuD; 1 ESihf 2 wkdYü rdrd\taMumif; tao;pdwf
a0iSxm;jcif;u ykdíodomxif&Sm;apygonf/
aemufcHtaMumif;t&m
þpmapmifukd ,aeYacwfü wl&uD[kodxm;aom *vmwdNrdKUü
&Sdaomtoif;awmfxH a&;om;ay;ykdYcJhonf/ þtoif;awmfukd &Sifaygvk
wnfaxmifcJhaMumif; jzpfEkdifacsrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ xkdokdYjzpf[ef&Sdaom
aMumifh olwkdYtwGuf oD;jcm;0efxkyf0efykd;ukd xrf;ae&jcif;jzpfayrnf/
*vmwd 4;19 ü &Sifaygvku4if;wkdYtm;
]]
cspfom;wkdY ....oifwkdY
tzkdYom;zGm;jcif;a0'emukd igcH&\}} [ka&;om;ajymqkdcJhonf/
*vmwdNrdKU&Sd,kHMunfolrsm;onf rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;\
MoZmvTrf;jcif;ukd cHaeMu&onf[k rSwf,l&onf/ þrSm;,Gif;aom
q&mrsm;u c&pf,mefrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\MunfjzLpGm vufcHjcif;ukd
cH&zdkYtwGuf ynwfawmfESihfxkH;"HtpOftvmrsm;ukd vkdufem&efvkdtyf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
*vmwdMo0g'pmukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;*vmwdMo0g'pmukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pmukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;*vmwdMo0g'pmukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pmukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
a&;om;jyKpkol
&Sifaygvku rdrdukd,fukd *vmwdMo0g'pmtm; a&;om;cJhol
tjzpfusrf;\yxrtcef;BuD;ü azmfjyxm;onf/ &Sifaygvka&;om;
jyKpkcJhaMumif;ukd tcef;BuD; 1 ESihf 2 wkdYü rdrd\taMumif; tao;pdwf
a0iSxm;jcif;u ykdíodomxif&Sm;apygonf/
aemufcHtaMumif;t&m
þpmapmifukd ,aeYacwfü wl&uD[kodxm;aom *vmwdNrdKUü
&Sdaomtoif;awmfxH a&;om;ay;ykdYcJhonf/ þtoif;awmfukd &Sifaygvk
wnfaxmifcJhaMumif; jzpfEkdifacsrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ xkdokdYjzpf[ef&Sdaom
aMumifh olwkdYtwGuf oD;jcm;0efxkyf0efykd;ukd xrf;ae&jcif;jzpfayrnf/
*vmwd 4;19 ü &Sifaygvku4if;wkdYtm;
]]
cspfom;wkdY ....oifwkdY
tzkdYom;zGm;jcif;a0'emukd igcH&\}} [ka&;om;ajymqkdcJhonf/
*vmwdNrdKU&Sd,kHMunfolrsm;onf rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;\
MoZmvTrf;jcif;ukd cHaeMu&onf[k rSwf,l&onf/ þrSm;,Gif;aom
q&mrsm;u c&pf,mefrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\MunfjzLpGm vufcHjcif;ukd
cH&zdkYtwGuf ynwfawmfESihfxkH;"HtpOftvmrsm;ukd vkdufem&efvkdtyf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
onf[k ,kHMunfcJhMuonf/ 4if;wkdY\,kHMunfjcif;onf ,k'bmomESihf
c&pf,mefbmomwkdYudka&maESmxm;aom ,kHMunfjcif;jzpfonf/
toif;awmfxJrS ,kHMunfoltcsKdUu þoGefoifcsufukd,kHMunf
vufcHcJhMuonf (*vmwd 1;6? 3;1 ukdMunfhyg)/ xkdYtjyif? usrf;abmif
toGm;tvmt& þrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;u &SifaygvkESihf&Sifaygvk\
wrefawmft½kduft&mukd ar;cGef;xkwfcJhMuonf[k ,lq&onf/
*vmwd,kHMunfolrsm;xHokdY a&;om;ay;ykdYcJhaom þpmapmif
wGif &Sifaygvkut"dujyóemBuD;ESpfckukd vdyfrla&;om;cJhonf/ yxr
taejzihf &Sifaygvku ocifa,½Ic&pfü wnfaeaom,kHMunfolwpf
a,mufonf bk&m;ocif\ vufcHtodtrSwfjyKjcif;ukd &&SdzkdYtvkdYiSg
arma&S\ynwfw&m;udkvkdufem&efvkdtyfrI&Sd? r&Sd[laomar;cGef;ukd
vdyfrlcJhonf/ þpmapmifüvdyfrlxm;aom 'kwd,jyóemrSmykdíyk*¾dKvf
a&;oabmukd aqmifonf/ &Sifaygvku rdrdonfbk&m;ocif\ qifhac:
cGJcefYjcif;ukd cHxm;&í rdrd\oGefoifcsufrsm;rSmvnf; bk&m;ocifxHrS
jzpfaMumif;ukd *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; pdwfcsaeMu&efajymzkdY
vkdtyfcJhonf/ þtcsuftm;jzifh &Sifaygvku rdrd\wrefawmft½kduf
t&mtm; ar;cGef;xkwfaeMuaomolrsm;udk wkefYjyefajz&Sif;cJh[efwlonf/
þpmapmif\ yxrtcef;BuD;ESpfcef;&Sd tykdif;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf
&Sifaygvku rdrd\omoemvkyfief;ESihf qifhac:jcif;tm; umuG,f
acsyjcif;wGif pl;pkdufxm;onf/
,aeYtwGufþusrf;pmapmifta&;ygykH
þpmapmifü &Sifaygvkwifjyxm;onfh t"dutcsufBuD;rsm;
teuf wpfckrSm u,fwifjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYjyKvkyfpGrf;aqmifEkdifaom
6 7
t&maMumihfr[kwf? ocifa,½Iwpfyg;wnf;ü ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf
jzpfwnfonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumv&kSd toif;
awmfonf rdrdwkdY\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;jzihf aumif;uifbkH0ifpm;Ekdif
onf[laom ,kHMunfrIESihf ½kef;uefae&qJjzpfonf/ þpmapmifonf
tqkdygudpöESihf pyfvsOf;ítaxmuftulrsm;pGmukd ay;urf;xm;onf/
xdkYtjyif? &SifaygvkrSpma&;ay;ykdYxm;aomolrsm;onf &Sifaygvk\
omoemjyKjcif;atmufü ocifbk&m;ukd ,kHMunfvufcHcJh Muaomolrsm;
jzpfaMumif;ukd owd&yg/ olwkdYonfvnf; xkdacwfumvrS rSm;,Gif;aom
oGefoifcsuf\vTrf;rkd;jcif;ukdcHMu&NyD;? bk&m;ocif\ MunfjzLpGmvufcH
jcif;ukd &&SdEkdifzkdYxkdokdYaomt&mrsm;ukd wpfenf;enf;jzihf vkyfaqmifzkdY
vkdtyfvQuf&Sdonf[k ,kHMunfaeMuonf/ þusrf;wGif &Sifaygvku
uREkfyfwkdYvkyfaqmifEkdifaomt&mrsm;rygbJ? uREkfyfwkdYrSm bk&m;ocif\
MunfjzLpGmvufcHjcif;ESihf cspfjcif;ukdcHMu&aMumif; tod ay;xm;onf/
ocifc&pfawmfü uREkfyfwkdYtm; MunfjzLpGmvufcH&jcif;ukd tmrcHxm;NyD;
jzpfaomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf qufuyfjr§KyfESHjcif;pdwfESvHk;
tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? cspfjcif;arwåmtmjzifhvnf;aumif; tvkyf
tauR;jyKMu&ef vTwfjcif;udkcHMu&onf/ þtcsufonfvnf; uREkfyfwkdY
\acwfumv&Sd toif;awmfu Mum;emzkdYvkdtyfonfh ta&;BuD;aom
trSmpum;wpfckjzpfonf/
*vmwdMo0g'pm ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
onf[k ,kHMunfcJhMuonf/ 4if;wkdY\,kHMunfjcif;onf ,k'bmomESihf
c&pf,mefbmomwkdYudka&maESmxm;aom ,kHMunfjcif;jzpfonf/
toif;awmfxJrS ,kHMunfoltcsKdUu þoGefoifcsufukd,kHMunf
vufcHcJhMuonf (*vmwd 1;6? 3;1 ukdMunfhyg)/ xkdYtjyif? usrf;abmif
toGm;tvmt& þrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;u &SifaygvkESihf&Sifaygvk\
wrefawmft½kduft&mukd ar;cGef;xkwfcJhMuonf[k ,lq&onf/
*vmwd,kHMunfolrsm;xHokdY a&;om;ay;ykdYcJhaom þpmapmif
wGif &Sifaygvkut"dujyóemBuD;ESpfckukd vdyfrla&;om;cJhonf/ yxr
taejzihf &Sifaygvku ocifa,½Ic&pfü wnfaeaom,kHMunfolwpf
a,mufonf bk&m;ocif\ vufcHtodtrSwfjyKjcif;ukd &&SdzkdYtvkdYiSg
arma&S\ynwfw&m;udkvkdufem&efvkdtyfrI&Sd? r&Sd[laomar;cGef;ukd
vdyfrlcJhonf/ þpmapmifüvdyfrlxm;aom 'kwd,jyóemrSmykdíyk*¾dKvf
a&;oabmukd aqmifonf/ &Sifaygvku rdrdonfbk&m;ocif\ qifhac:
cGJcefYjcif;ukd cHxm;&í rdrd\oGefoifcsufrsm;rSmvnf; bk&m;ocifxHrS
jzpfaMumif;ukd *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; pdwfcsaeMu&efajymzkdY
vkdtyfcJhonf/ þtcsuftm;jzifh &Sifaygvku rdrd\wrefawmft½kduf
t&mtm; ar;cGef;xkwfaeMuaomolrsm;udk wkefYjyefajz&Sif;cJh[efwlonf/
þpmapmif\ yxrtcef;BuD;ESpfcef;&Sd tykdif;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf
&Sifaygvku rdrd\omoemvkyfief;ESihf qifhac:jcif;tm; umuG,f
acsyjcif;wGif pl;pkdufxm;onf/
,aeYtwGufþusrf;pmapmifta&;ygykH
þpmapmifü &Sifaygvkwifjyxm;onfh t"dutcsufBuD;rsm;
teuf wpfckrSm u,fwifjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYjyKvkyfpGrf;aqmifEkdifaom
6 7
t&maMumihfr[kwf? ocifa,½Iwpfyg;wnf;ü ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf
jzpfwnfonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumv&kSd toif;
awmfonf rdrdwkdY\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;jzihf aumif;uifbkH0ifpm;Ekdif
onf[laom ,kHMunfrIESihf ½kef;uefae&qJjzpfonf/ þpmapmifonf
tqkdygudpöESihf pyfvsOf;ítaxmuftulrsm;pGmukd ay;urf;xm;onf/
xdkYtjyif? &SifaygvkrSpma&;ay;ykdYxm;aomolrsm;onf &Sifaygvk\
omoemjyKjcif;atmufü ocifbk&m;ukd ,kHMunfvufcHcJh Muaomolrsm;
jzpfaMumif;ukd owd&yg/ olwkdYonfvnf; xkdacwfumvrS rSm;,Gif;aom
oGefoifcsuf\vTrf;rkd;jcif;ukdcHMu&NyD;? bk&m;ocif\ MunfjzLpGmvufcH
jcif;ukd &&SdEkdifzkdYxkdokdYaomt&mrsm;ukd wpfenf;enf;jzihf vkyfaqmifzkdY
vkdtyfvQuf&Sdonf[k ,kHMunfaeMuonf/ þusrf;wGif &Sifaygvku
uREkfyfwkdYvkyfaqmifEkdifaomt&mrsm;rygbJ? uREkfyfwkdYrSm bk&m;ocif\
MunfjzLpGmvufcHjcif;ESihf cspfjcif;ukdcHMu&aMumif; tod ay;xm;onf/
ocifc&pfawmfü uREkfyfwkdYtm; MunfjzLpGmvufcH&jcif;ukd tmrcHxm;NyD;
jzpfaomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf qufuyfjr§KyfESHjcif;pdwfESvHk;
tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? cspfjcif;arwåmtmjzifhvnf;aumif; tvkyf
tauR;jyKMu&ef vTwfjcif;udkcHMu&onf/ þtcsufonfvnf; uREkfyfwkdY
\acwfumv&Sd toif;awmfu Mum;emzkdYvkdtyfonfh ta&;BuD;aom
trSmpum;wpfckjzpfonf/
*vmwdMo0g'pm ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
11
11
1
tjcm;aom{0Ha*vdw&m;tjcm;aom{0Ha*vdw&m;
tjcm;aom{0Ha*vdw&m;tjcm;aom{0Ha*vdw&m;
tjcm;aom{0Ha*vdw&m;
*vmwd 1;1-10 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þpmapmifonf tm½Ijynf0ef;i,f (acwfopfwl&uDEkdifiH)a'o
&Sd*vmwdjynfwpf0kdufrS toif;awmfrsm;xHü a&;om;ay;ykdYcJhaompm
jzpfonf/ þpmapmifukd oD;oefYtoif;awmfwpfyg;xH vdyfrlay;ykdYcJhjcif;
r[kwfyg/ þa'owpf0kduf&Sd toif;awmfwpfokdufukd vdyfrlay;ykdYcJhjcif;
jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkonf rdrd\omoemjyKc&D;pOfü þNrdKUBuD;tcsKdU
wGiftoif;awmfrsm;ukd wnfaxmifcJhonf (wrefawmf 13;14-14;23)/
aemufykdif;wGif &Sifaygvku oD;oefYjyóemwpfckukd &ifqkdifajz&Sif;&ef
twGufþtoif;awmfrsm;xHokdY pma&;ay;ykdYcJhonf/ xkdjyóemrSm
arma&S\ynwfw&m;qDokdY jyefoGm;jcif;? arma&S\ynwfw&m;tm;
u,fwifjcif;twGuf enf;vrf;wpfcktjzpfESihfvnf;aumif;? 0dnmOf
jynfh0aomtoufwm\ taxmuftxm;wpfcktjzpfESihfvnf; ½Ijrif
jcif; ponfhpkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;jzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 1 wGif &Sifaygvku rdrdukd,fukdwrefawmf(apvTwf
cH&aomol)wpfyg;tjzpf rdwfqufcJhonf/ ueOD;toif;awmfwGif wref
awmf\ tcef;u@onf tvGefoD;oefYqefaom u@jzpfcJhonf/ bk&m;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
11
11
1
tjcm;aom{0Ha*vdw&m;tjcm;aom{0Ha*vdw&m;
tjcm;aom{0Ha*vdw&m;tjcm;aom{0Ha*vdw&m;
tjcm;aom{0Ha*vdw&m;
*vmwd 1;1-10 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þpmapmifonf tm½Ijynf0ef;i,f (acwfopfwl&uDEkdifiH)a'o
&Sd*vmwdjynfwpf0kdufrS toif;awmfrsm;xHü a&;om;ay;ykdYcJhaompm
jzpfonf/ þpmapmifukd oD;oefYtoif;awmfwpfyg;xH vdyfrlay;ykdYcJhjcif;
r[kwfyg/ þa'owpf0kduf&Sd toif;awmfwpfokdufukd vdyfrlay;ykdYcJhjcif;
jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkonf rdrd\omoemjyKc&D;pOfü þNrdKUBuD;tcsKdU
wGiftoif;awmfrsm;ukd wnfaxmifcJhonf (wrefawmf 13;14-14;23)/
aemufykdif;wGif &Sifaygvku oD;oefYjyóemwpfckukd &ifqkdifajz&Sif;&ef
twGufþtoif;awmfrsm;xHokdY pma&;ay;ykdYcJhonf/ xkdjyóemrSm
arma&S\ynwfw&m;qDokdY jyefoGm;jcif;? arma&S\ynwfw&m;tm;
u,fwifjcif;twGuf enf;vrf;wpfcktjzpfESihfvnf;aumif;? 0dnmOf
jynfh0aomtoufwm\ taxmuftxm;wpfcktjzpfESihfvnf; ½Ijrif
jcif; ponfhpkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;jzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 1 wGif &Sifaygvku rdrdukd,fukdwrefawmf(apvTwf
cH&aomol)wpfyg;tjzpf rdwfqufcJhonf/ ueOD;toif;awmfwGif wref
awmf\ tcef;u@onf tvGefoD;oefYqefaom u@jzpfcJhonf/ bk&m;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
ocifonf urÇmajrürdrd\toif;awmfukd tkwfjrpfcs&eftwGuf
þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku rdrdtm;qifhac:cGJcefYjcif;
onf vlYxHrSvmaomt&mr[kwfonfukd *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm;
today;cJhykHukd owdjyKyg/ þtcef;u@ukd&,lxrf;aqmif&eftwGuf
olonf bk&m;ocif\qifhac:jcif;ukd cHcJh&onf/ wrefawmfBuD;onf
ocifa,½Ic&pf\ qifhac:jcif;ukdvnf;aumif;? xkdocifukd aojcif;rS
&Sifjyefxajrmufapawmfrlaom crnf;awmfbk&m;\ qifhac:jcif;ukd
vnf;aumif; cHcJh&aMumif;ukd ykdíwdwdususowdjyKyg/ aojcif;rS&Sifjyef
xajrmufcJhaom ocifc&pfawmfu &SifaygvkxHü ukd,fwkdifay:awmfrlí
olYukdwrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfvmzkdY qifhac:cJhonf (wrefawmf 9;1-9?
15 ukdMunfhyg)/
ocifa,½Ic&pf\ aus;Zl;BuD;rm;vSaom vkyfaqmifrIrygvQif
&Sifaygvk\qifhac:cH&jcif;onf t"dyÜg,fuif;rJhcJhygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY
wpfOD;csif;pDüuJhokdY ocifa,½Iom &Sifaygvkukd,fpm;taorcHcJhvQif
olonfbk&m;ocifESihf xm0&cGJuGm&jcif;qDokdY vsmxm;pD&ifcHcJh&ygvdrfh
rnf/ ocifa,½I\taocHjcif;ESihf &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;u tjypf'kp½kduf
ESihf odcsØKif;ukdatmifEkdifcJhygonf/ &Sifaygvk\ arQmfvifhcsufESihfw&m;
a'oemonf ocifa,½I\ þa&G;EIwfjcif;trIawmfü pl;pkdufcJhMuonf/
&Sifaygvku rdrdESihftwl&SdaeMuaom nDtpfukdrsm;xHrS EIwfcGef;
qufojcif;ESihf pkd;&drfylyefay;rIwkdYukd ay;ykdYcJhonf/ þrdwfaqGrsm;rSm
rnfolrsm;jzpfMuaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;ajymjyrxm;aomfvnf;
olwkdYonf *vmwdjynf&Sdtoif;awmf\ aumif;usKd;csrf;omESihf pyfvsOf;í
&Sifaygvk\ pkd;&drfylyefay;rIukd rQa0cJhMuonf/
tcef;i,f 3 wGif &Sifaygvku *vmwde,f&Sdtoif;awmfrsm;
xHü bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfESihfNidrfoufjcif;ukd &&SdMuzkdYrdrd\
qkawmif;arwåmukd ykdYcJhonf/ aus;Zl;awmfqkdonfrSm rxkdufrwefbJ
&&Sdaombk&m;ocif\ rsufESmomay;rIjzpfonf/ þrxkdufrwefaom
bk&m;ocif\ rsufESmomay;rIonf *vmwd,kHMunfolrsm;tay:ü
usa&mufvmzkdYrSm &Sifaygvk\qE´jzpfonf/ toif;awmfrsm;twGuf
&SifaygvkqE´jyKaeaom Nidrfoufjcif;qkdonfrSm ocifa,½IESihf oifhwifh
rSefuefaom qufqH&if;ESD;rIrS a&muf&Sdvmaomt&mjzpfonf/ vlwkdY
onf tjypfvTwfjcif;ukd cH&ícrnf;awmfESihf oifhwifhrSefuefaom
qufqH&if;ESD;rIqDokdY aqmif,ljcif;ukdcH&aomtcgüomvQif þNidrfouf
jcif;rSm jzpfEkdifacs&Sdvm&onf/ *vmwd,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\
pdwfqE´rSm 4if;wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\rsufESmomay;jcif;ukd od&Sdem;vnf
í xkdocifESihfoifhwifhrSefuefaom qufqH&if;ESD;rIukd &Sdxm;MuaMumif;
aocsmaeMu&efjzpfonf/
þusrf;ukd &Sifaygvked'gef;ysKd;&mwGif ocifa,½Ionf t"du
tcsuftcsmt&mjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f 4 wGif &Sifaygvku rdrd\pmzwf
olwkdYtm; 4if;wkdY\tjypf'kp½kduftwGuf ukd,fhukd,fukday;qyfcJholrSm
ocifa,½IjzpfaMumif;today;cJhonf/ ocifa,½Ionf 4if;wkdYtwGuf
qkd;&Gm;aMumufrufzG,faumif;aom u&meDum;wkdifay:ü vkdvkdvm;vm;
taocHcJhonf/ ukd,fawmfonf rdrdzefqif;cJhaomolrsm;\ qJa&;
apmfum;jcif;ukd cHcJh&onf/ ukd,fawmfonf tjypfom;rsm;u
olYtay:ü
10 11
tjcm;aom{0Ha*vdw&m;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
ocifonf urÇmajrürdrd\toif;awmfukd tkwfjrpfcs&eftwGuf
þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku rdrdtm;qifhac:cGJcefYjcif;
onf vlYxHrSvmaomt&mr[kwfonfukd *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm;
today;cJhykHukd owdjyKyg/ þtcef;u@ukd&,lxrf;aqmif&eftwGuf
olonf bk&m;ocif\qifhac:jcif;ukd cHcJh&onf/ wrefawmfBuD;onf
ocifa,½Ic&pf\ qifhac:jcif;ukdvnf;aumif;? xkdocifukd aojcif;rS
&Sifjyefxajrmufapawmfrlaom crnf;awmfbk&m;\ qifhac:jcif;ukd
vnf;aumif; cHcJh&aMumif;ukd ykdíwdwdususowdjyKyg/ aojcif;rS&Sifjyef
xajrmufcJhaom ocifc&pfawmfu &SifaygvkxHü ukd,fwkdifay:awmfrlí
olYukdwrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfvmzkdY qifhac:cJhonf (wrefawmf 9;1-9?
15 ukdMunfhyg)/
ocifa,½Ic&pf\ aus;Zl;BuD;rm;vSaom vkyfaqmifrIrygvQif
&Sifaygvk\qifhac:cH&jcif;onf t"dyÜg,fuif;rJhcJhygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY
wpfOD;csif;pDüuJhokdY ocifa,½Iom &Sifaygvkukd,fpm;taorcHcJhvQif
olonfbk&m;ocifESihf xm0&cGJuGm&jcif;qDokdY vsmxm;pD&ifcHcJh&ygvdrfh
rnf/ ocifa,½I\taocHjcif;ESihf &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;u tjypf'kp½kduf
ESihf odcsØKif;ukdatmifEkdifcJhygonf/ &Sifaygvk\ arQmfvifhcsufESihfw&m;
a'oemonf ocifa,½I\ þa&G;EIwfjcif;trIawmfü pl;pkdufcJhMuonf/
&Sifaygvku rdrdESihftwl&SdaeMuaom nDtpfukdrsm;xHrS EIwfcGef;
qufojcif;ESihf pkd;&drfylyefay;rIwkdYukd ay;ykdYcJhonf/ þrdwfaqGrsm;rSm
rnfolrsm;jzpfMuaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;ajymjyrxm;aomfvnf;
olwkdYonf *vmwdjynf&Sdtoif;awmf\ aumif;usKd;csrf;omESihf pyfvsOf;í
&Sifaygvk\ pkd;&drfylyefay;rIukd rQa0cJhMuonf/
tcef;i,f 3 wGif &Sifaygvku *vmwde,f&Sdtoif;awmfrsm;
xHü bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfESihfNidrfoufjcif;ukd &&SdMuzkdYrdrd\
qkawmif;arwåmukd ykdYcJhonf/ aus;Zl;awmfqkdonfrSm rxkdufrwefbJ
&&Sdaombk&m;ocif\ rsufESmomay;rIjzpfonf/ þrxkdufrwefaom
bk&m;ocif\ rsufESmomay;rIonf *vmwd,kHMunfolrsm;tay:ü
usa&mufvmzkdYrSm &Sifaygvk\qE´jzpfonf/ toif;awmfrsm;twGuf
&SifaygvkqE´jyKaeaom Nidrfoufjcif;qkdonfrSm ocifa,½IESihf oifhwifh
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22
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22
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a'oemawmfESihfywfoufaomt&mwkdif;ukd rkef;wD;cJhonf[k uREkfyfwkdY
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tm; vufcHaomolrSeforQukd jyif;jyif;xefxefn§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;jzihf
ukd,fxdvufa&muf wkdufckdufcJhygonf/
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awmfukdn§if;yef;ESdyfpuf&eftwGuf 'rmoufNrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ü rnfodkUjzpf
cJhonfhtaMumif;ukd wrefawmf0wåKuajymjyxm;onf (wrefawmf 9)/
xkdokdYoGm;pOfwGif aumif;uifrStvGefawmufyaomtvif;onf olUukd
wm;qD;cJhonf/ xkdtvif;xJrS toHwpfoHxGufay:cJhonf/ xkdtoHonf
&SifaygvkxH ukd,fhukd,fukdxkwfazmfajymqdkjyocJhaom ocifa,&I\toH
awmfjzpfcJhonf/ rdrdn§if;yef;ESdyfpufaecJhaom ocifbk&m;ESihfþrarQmf
vihfaomawGUqkHrIBuD;onf &Sifaygvk\toufwmukd ajymif;vJypfcJhonf/
olonf ,cifutwkdif; b,faomtcgwGifrQ jyefjzpfvmawmhrnf
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arhaysmufEkdifcJh rnfr[kwfyg/ &Sifaygvk\ rsufpdESihfem;wkdYyGihfvmcJhonf/
pdwfESvkH;ukd vnf;wkdYxdjcif;cHcJh&onf/ xkdtcsdefrSpíolonf rdrdjyif;jyif;
xefxefjiif;y,fcJhaom {0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;) onf
or®mw&m;jzpf&kHomru? xm0&ty,fi&JrD;awmufxJrS u,fwifay;
rnfhwpfckwnf;aomarQmfvifhcsufjzpfaMumif;ukd eufeJaompdwftm;
xufoefrIESihftwl xkwfazmfa[majymcJhygrnf/
xkduJhokdYaom tusKd;oufa&mufrIukd zefwD;cJhonfh&Sifaygvk\
tawGUtBuHKrSm rnfonfht&mjzpfcJhonf/ þt&mrwkdifrDwGif olonf
{0Ha*vdw&m;a'oemukd Mum;emcJh&rnfrSm oHo,yGg;p&mr&Sdyg/
okdYaomfxkdt&monf olYtoufwmukd oufa&mufrIrvkyfEkdifcJhyg/ olonf
,k'bmomrSvGJítjcm;oGefoifrI0g'udk pdwf0ifpm;jcif;r&SdcJhyg/ &Sifaygvk
\toufwm ESihftawG;tac:ukdajymif;vJcJhaomt&mrSm bk&m;
ocifukd,fwkdif þw&m;a'oemukd olYxHüxkwfazmfjyocJhonf[laom
tcsufjzpfonf/ þw&m;a'oemonf vlYEIwfyg;pyfrSwqifh
olYxHokdYa&mufvmcJhjcif;r[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifxHrS wkduf½kdufa&mufvm
aomw&m;a'oemjzpfonf/ tajccHtm;jzihf? þt&monfuREkfyfwkdY
wpfOD;csif;pDü jzpfcJhaomt&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdukd,fwkdif
uREkfyfwkdYwpfOD;csif;xHü ukd,fhukd,fukd xkwfazmfjyo&ygvdrfhrnf/ oifonf
&SifaygvkxHü {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd xkwfazmfjyojcif;20 21
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm22 23&SifaygvkxHü {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd xkwfazmfjyojcif;
w&m;a'oemukd vlYEIwfyg;pyfrSwqifhMum;aumif;Mum;cJhrnfjzpfaomf
vnf; t&mcyfodrf;ukd ykdifotkyfpkd;awmfrlaombk&m;ocifu rdrd\
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf oihfpdwf0dnmOfukd wkduf½kdufpum;ajym
aomtcgüom þ{0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;) \ajymqkdcsuf
rsm;ukd oifppfrSefpGmem;vnfoabmaygufvmí ,kHMunfvufcHvmrnf
jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\vufawmfonf wrefawmfaygvktay:ü
arG;puyif&SdaecJhaMumif;ukd tcef;i,f 15 wGifowdjyKyg/ þuJhokdY
toif;awmftm; jyif;jyif;xefxefESdyfpufn§if;yef;aeonfhtcsdefüyif
bk&m;ocifonf þ&Sifaygvk\toufwmü tvkyfvkyfaecJhygonf/
tjyifyef;tm;jzihfMunfhvQif bk&m;ocifonf&Sifaygvkukd u,fwifjcif;
qDokdYaqmif,lvmrnfhtaMumif; rsufpdjzihfjrifEkdifonfh xif&Sm;odom
aomtaxmuftxm;r&Sdaomfvnf; tcsdefumvpwifcsdefrSyif bk&m;
ocifonf &SifaygvktwGuf&nf&G,fcsufwpfck&SdaecJhygonf/ tcsdef
umva&mufvmaomtcg xkdtpDtpOfukd olYxHüxkwfazmfjyocJhygonf/
tcef;i,f 16 onftvGefta&;BuD;onf/ &Sifaygvku olYtxJ
ü (t*Fvdyfusrf;pmukdMunfhyg) bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\om;awmfukd
xkwfazmfjyo&ef ESpfoufauseyfawmfrlaMumif; rnfokdYajymjycJhonfukd
owdjyKyg/ ]]txJü}} [laompum;vkH;ESihf ]]xHü}} [laom pum;vkH;wkdY\
Mum;wGif tvGefYtvGefuGJjym;jcm;em;rIBuD;&Sdygonf/ rdrdwkdYxHü ocif
c&pfawmfukd xkwfazmfjyojcif;cH&aomolrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;
onf ocifc&pfawmf\trIawmfESihf pyfvsOf;íem;vnfoabmaygufrI
wpfckukd &Sdxm;Muonf/ olwkdYuocifa,½Ionf rnfoljzpfaMumif;ukd
vnf;aumif;? þavmuüqif;<uvmí txajrmufNyD;jynfhpkHaprnfh
t&mukdvnf;aumif;? oifhtm;ajymjyEkdifMuygvdrfhrnf/ okdYaomf? ocif
c&pfawmfukd olwkdYtxJüxkwfazmfjyojcif; r&SdcJhao;yg/ ocifc&pf
awmfukd uREkfyfwkdYxHü xkwfazmfjyoaomtcg uREkfyfonfocifc&pf
awmfrnfoljzpfaMumif;udkvnf;aumif;? rnfonfht&mukdvma&muf
vkyfaqmifonfukdvnf;aumif; OD;aESmufÓPf&nft& em;vnfoabm
aygufMuonf/ okdYaomfocifc&pfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY\txJü xkwfazmf
jyoaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmrsm;ukd jyKjyifajymif;vJrnf[laom
&nf&G,fcsuftwGuf uREfkyfwkdY\toufwmü udef;0yfaexkdifzkdY0ifa&muf
vmcJhygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\txJü ukd,fawmfrsufarSmufjyKjcif;u uREkfyf
wkdYukdvkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmfukd
uREkfyfwkdYMum;odcJhaomol? uREkfyfwkdYzwf½Ií odcJhaomolwpfOD;tjzpfESihf
ajymqkdjcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ? uREkfyfwkdYukd,fwkdifoduRrf;xm;aomol wpf
a,muftjzpfESihf ajymqkdMuonf/ ocifc&pfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdYtxJü
xkwfazmfjyoaomtcg ukd,fawmf\wefckd;awmfESihf ÓPfynmonf
uREkfyfwkdY\tpdwftykdif; wpfckjzpfvmygonf/ ukd,fawmf\ toufwm
onf uREkfyfwdkYrSwqifh pD;qif;oGm;NyD; tajccHususajymif;vJrIwpfckjzpf
ay:vmygonf/
2aum 5;17 wGif &Sifaygvku rnfolrqkdocifc&pfawmfü
&SdvQif xkdolonftopfjyKjyifxm;aom owå0gjzpfonf[k uREkfyfwkdYukd
ajymjyxm;onf/ &Sifaygvkonf {0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;)
a'oemukd rdrd\toufwmüukd,fawGUcHpm;ae&aomaMumifh olonf
xkdw&m;a'oemtaMumif;ukd tvGefjyif;jyae&jcif;jzpfonf/ {0Ha*vd
w&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;) ukd &Sifaygvkem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;
onf vlom;rSwqifha&mufvmaomt&mr[kwf? bk&m;ocifukd,fwkdif
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm22 23&SifaygvkxHü {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd xkwfazmfjyojcif;
w&m;a'oemukd vlYEIwfyg;pyfrSwqifhMum;aumif;Mum;cJhrnfjzpfaomf
vnf; t&mcyfodrf;ukd ykdifotkyfpkd;awmfrlaombk&m;ocifu rdrd\
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf oihfpdwf0dnmOfukd wkduf½kdufpum;ajym
aomtcgüom þ{0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;) \ajymqkdcsuf
rsm;ukd oifppfrSefpGmem;vnfoabmaygufvmí ,kHMunfvufcHvmrnf
jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\vufawmfonf wrefawmfaygvktay:ü
arG;puyif&SdaecJhaMumif;ukd tcef;i,f 15 wGifowdjyKyg/ þuJhokdY
toif;awmftm; jyif;jyif;xefxefESdyfpufn§if;yef;aeonfhtcsdefüyif
bk&m;ocifonf þ&Sifaygvk\toufwmü tvkyfvkyfaecJhygonf/
tjyifyef;tm;jzihfMunfhvQif bk&m;ocifonf&Sifaygvkukd u,fwifjcif;
qDokdYaqmif,lvmrnfhtaMumif; rsufpdjzihfjrifEkdifonfh xif&Sm;odom
aomtaxmuftxm;r&Sdaomfvnf; tcsdefumvpwifcsdefrSyif bk&m;
ocifonf &SifaygvktwGuf&nf&G,fcsufwpfck&SdaecJhygonf/ tcsdef
umva&mufvmaomtcg xkdtpDtpOfukd olYxHüxkwfazmfjyocJhygonf/
tcef;i,f 16 onftvGefta&;BuD;onf/ &Sifaygvku olYtxJ
ü (t*Fvdyfusrf;pmukdMunfhyg) bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\om;awmfukd
xkwfazmfjyo&ef ESpfoufauseyfawmfrlaMumif; rnfokdYajymjycJhonfukd
owdjyKyg/ ]]txJü}} [laompum;vkH;ESihf ]]xHü}} [laom pum;vkH;wkdY\
Mum;wGif tvGefYtvGefuGJjym;jcm;em;rIBuD;&Sdygonf/ rdrdwkdYxHü ocif
c&pfawmfukd xkwfazmfjyojcif;cH&aomolrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;
onf ocifc&pfawmf\trIawmfESihf pyfvsOf;íem;vnfoabmaygufrI
wpfckukd &Sdxm;Muonf/ olwkdYuocifa,½Ionf rnfoljzpfaMumif;ukd
vnf;aumif;? þavmuüqif;<uvmí txajrmufNyD;jynfhpkHaprnfh
t&mukdvnf;aumif;? oifhtm;ajymjyEkdifMuygvdrfhrnf/ okdYaomf? ocif
c&pfawmfukd olwkdYtxJüxkwfazmfjyojcif; r&SdcJhao;yg/ ocifc&pf
awmfukd uREkfyfwkdYxHü xkwfazmfjyoaomtcg uREkfyfonfocifc&pf
awmfrnfoljzpfaMumif;udkvnf;aumif;? rnfonfht&mukdvma&muf
vkyfaqmifonfukdvnf;aumif; OD;aESmufÓPf&nft& em;vnfoabm
aygufMuonf/ okdYaomfocifc&pfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY\txJü xkwfazmf
jyoaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmrsm;ukd jyKjyifajymif;vJrnf[laom
&nf&G,fcsuftwGuf uREfkyfwkdY\toufwmü udef;0yfaexkdifzkdY0ifa&muf
vmcJhygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\txJü ukd,fawmfrsufarSmufjyKjcif;u uREkfyf
wkdYukdvkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmfukd
uREkfyfwkdYMum;odcJhaomol? uREkfyfwkdYzwf½Ií odcJhaomolwpfOD;tjzpfESihf
ajymqkdjcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ? uREkfyfwkdYukd,fwkdifoduRrf;xm;aomol wpf
a,muftjzpfESihf ajymqkdMuonf/ ocifc&pfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdYtxJü
xkwfazmfjyoaomtcg ukd,fawmf\wefckd;awmfESihf ÓPfynmonf
uREkfyfwkdY\tpdwftykdif; wpfckjzpfvmygonf/ ukd,fawmf\ toufwm
onf uREkfyfwdkYrSwqifh pD;qif;oGm;NyD; tajccHususajymif;vJrIwpfckjzpf
ay:vmygonf/
2aum 5;17 wGif &Sifaygvku rnfolrqkdocifc&pfawmfü
&SdvQif xkdolonftopfjyKjyifxm;aom owå0gjzpfonf[k uREkfyfwkdYukd
ajymjyxm;onf/ &Sifaygvkonf {0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;)
a'oemukd rdrd\toufwmüukd,fawGUcHpm;ae&aomaMumifh olonf
xkdw&m;a'oemtaMumif;ukd tvGefjyif;jyae&jcif;jzpfonf/ {0Ha*vd
w&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;) ukd &Sifaygvkem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;
onf vlom;rSwqifha&mufvmaomt&mr[kwf? bk&m;ocifukd,fwkdif
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm24 25
olYxHü txl;oD;oefYxkwfazmfjyojcif;jzihf a&mufvmaomt&mjzpfonf/
þenf;vrf;jzihf bk&m;ocifonf rdrdukd,fukd oihfxHüxkwfazmfjyocJhyg
ovm;/
tcef;i,f 16 wGif &Sifaygvku rdrd\pmzwfolwkdYtm; olonf
ocifc&pfawmfü toufwmajymif;vJNyD;aemufwGifyif vlwkdYESihfwkdifyif
aqG;aEG;jcif;ukd rvkyfcJhaMumif;qufvufí today;cJhonf/ {0Ha*vd
w&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;) tm;&Sifaygvkem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;
onf oltoufwmrajymif;vJrDüaomfvnf;aumif;? toufwm
ajymif;vJNyD;aemufwGifaomfvnf;aumif; vlom;oGefoifay;jcif;\
&v'fwpfcktaejzihf a&mufvmaomt&mr[kwfcJhyg/ olYtoufwm
ajymif;vJNyD;aemufwGif a,½k&SvifNrdKU&Sd tjcm;aomwrefawmfrsm;ESihf
wkdifyifaqG;aEG;jcif;rvkyfcJhyg/ tm&yfjynfokdYomxGufoGm;cJhaMumif;
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymjyxm;onf/ xkdokdYjzihfolonf ocifbk&m;ESihf
pyfqkdifaomolrsm;xHrS z,f&Sm;jcif;ukdcHcJh&onf/ ,kHMunfolvlopf
tjzpfESihf olYxHü &Sd&SdorQaomt&mrSm bk&m;ocifESihfEIwfuywfawmfom
jzpfcJhonf/ olonf aocsmaomvrf;pOfwpfckukd ,kHMunf&efvlwkdY\
avhusihfoifMum;ay;jcif;ukd rcHcJh&yg/ okH;ESpfausmfvGefNyD;aemufüom
&Sifaygvkonf &Sifayw½kukd oGm;a&mufawGUqkHcJhonf (olESihftwl
wpfq,fhig;&uf twlwuGaexkdifcJhonf)/ xkdumvtawmtwGif;ü
olonfocifa,½I\nDjzpfaom &Sif,mukyfrSvGJí tjcm;rnfonfh
wrefawmfESihfrQ awGUqkHcJhjcif;r&Sdyg (i,f 19)/
&Sifaygvkonf uREkfyfwkdYtm; þt&mrsm;ukdtb,faMumihf
ajymjyaeygoenf;/ xkdt&mrsm;onf ,aeYacwfuREkfyfwkYdtwGuf
rnfonfhoG,f0kdufajymqkdrIrsm;udk &Sdxm;Muygoenf;/ &Sifaygvku rdrd
a[majymaomt&mrsm;onf vlYÓPfynm\ taumif;qkH;aom t&m
rsm;oufoufr[kwfaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYtm;ajymjyaeygonf/ ola[majym
aomt&monf olYxHübk&m;ocifukd,fwkdif wkduf½kdufxkwfazmfjyocJh
aombk&m;ocif\ÓPfynmjzpfaMumif;ukd ajymjyaeygonf/
þusrf;csufu ,aeYwGifuREkfyfwkdYtm; rnfonfht&mukd ajymjy
aeygoenf;/ ,kHMunfolvlopfrsm;tm; wynfhawmfjyKvkyfarG;xkwfjcif;
taMumif;ESihf pyfvsOf;írnfonfht&mukd ajymjyaeygoenf;/ ,kHMunf
olvlopfrsm;onf &SifaygvkuJhokdY rdrdwkdYbmomoif,lMu&eftwGuf
ukd,fhajcaxmufay:üukd,f&yfwnfEdkifMuzdkY þtwdkif;ypfxm;oifhyg
ovm;/ olwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\yxrESpftenf;i,frS c&pf,meftawGU
tBuHKrsm;ukd tjcm;aom,kHMunfolrsm;r&Sdaomae&mü oD;jcm;ukefqkH;ap
oihfygovm;/ þt&monf rkdufrJaomvkyf&yfomr[kwf? tEÅ&m,f&Sd
aomvkyf&yfjzpfaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;oabmwlcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/
pmwefonf,kHMunfolvlopfwpfOD;u&&Sdydkifqdkifxm;onfh rajym
yavmufaomor®mw&m;avukd vGJrSm;pGmvdrfvnfwifjyí ,laqmif
z,f&Sm;ypf&efukdom tvGefvkdcsifaeygonf/
þae&mwGif &Sifaygvk\tjyKtrlrsm;tm; uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdY
em;vnfMu&rnfenf;/ ,kHMunfolvlopfrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYxHrS Mum;em
&onfxuf bk&m;ocifxHrSMum;emEkdifjcif;u ykdíta&;BuD;onf[laom
tcsufukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfxm;&efrSm t"dutcsufjzpfonf[k uREkfyf
jrifrdonf/ ,kHMunfolvlopfrsm;onf rsm;aomtm;jzihf 4if;wkdYukdwynfh
awmfrsm;tjzpf jyKvkyfarG;xkwfay;aomolrsm;\ ukd,fyGm;rsm;jzpfvm
wwfMuonf/ tjcm;olrsm;tm; wynfhawmfrsm;tjzpf jyKvkyfarG;xkwf
ay;Mu&mwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf uREkfyfwkdYtoif;awmf\ enf;pepfrsm;ESihf
&SifaygvkxHü {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd xkwfazmfjyojcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm24 25
olYxHü txl;oD;oefYxkwfazmfjyojcif;jzihf a&mufvmaomt&mjzpfonf/
þenf;vrf;jzihf bk&m;ocifonf rdrdukd,fukd oihfxHüxkwfazmfjyocJhyg
ovm;/
tcef;i,f 16 wGif &Sifaygvku rdrd\pmzwfolwkdYtm; olonf
ocifc&pfawmfü toufwmajymif;vJNyD;aemufwGifyif vlwkdYESihfwkdifyif
aqG;aEG;jcif;ukd rvkyfcJhaMumif;qufvufí today;cJhonf/ {0Ha*vd
w&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;) tm;&Sifaygvkem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;
onf oltoufwmrajymif;vJrDüaomfvnf;aumif;? toufwm
ajymif;vJNyD;aemufwGifaomfvnf;aumif; vlom;oGefoifay;jcif;\
&v'fwpfcktaejzihf a&mufvmaomt&mr[kwfcJhyg/ olYtoufwm
ajymif;vJNyD;aemufwGif a,½k&SvifNrdKU&Sd tjcm;aomwrefawmfrsm;ESihf
wkdifyifaqG;aEG;jcif;rvkyfcJhyg/ tm&yfjynfokdYomxGufoGm;cJhaMumif;
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymjyxm;onf/ xkdokdYjzihfolonf ocifbk&m;ESihf
pyfqkdifaomolrsm;xHrS z,f&Sm;jcif;ukdcHcJh&onf/ ,kHMunfolvlopf
tjzpfESihf olYxHü &Sd&SdorQaomt&mrSm bk&m;ocifESihfEIwfuywfawmfom
jzpfcJhonf/ olonf aocsmaomvrf;pOfwpfckukd ,kHMunf&efvlwkdY\
avhusihfoifMum;ay;jcif;ukd rcHcJh&yg/ okH;ESpfausmfvGefNyD;aemufüom
&Sifaygvkonf &Sifayw½kukd oGm;a&mufawGUqkHcJhonf (olESihftwl
wpfq,fhig;&uf twlwuGaexkdifcJhonf)/ xkdumvtawmtwGif;ü
olonfocifa,½I\nDjzpfaom &Sif,mukyfrSvGJí tjcm;rnfonfh
wrefawmfESihfrQ awGUqkHcJhjcif;r&Sdyg (i,f 19)/
&Sifaygvkonf uREkfyfwkdYtm; þt&mrsm;ukdtb,faMumihf
ajymjyaeygoenf;/ xkdt&mrsm;onf ,aeYacwfuREkfyfwkYdtwGuf
rnfonfhoG,f0kdufajymqkdrIrsm;udk &Sdxm;Muygoenf;/ &Sifaygvku rdrd
a[majymaomt&mrsm;onf vlYÓPfynm\ taumif;qkH;aom t&m
rsm;oufoufr[kwfaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYtm;ajymjyaeygonf/ ola[majym
aomt&monf olYxHübk&m;ocifukd,fwkdif wkduf½kdufxkwfazmfjyocJh
aombk&m;ocif\ÓPfynmjzpfaMumif;ukd ajymjyaeygonf/
þusrf;csufu ,aeYwGifuREkfyfwkdYtm; rnfonfht&mukd ajymjy
aeygoenf;/ ,kHMunfolvlopfrsm;tm; wynfhawmfjyKvkyfarG;xkwfjcif;
taMumif;ESihf pyfvsOf;írnfonfht&mukd ajymjyaeygoenf;/ ,kHMunf
olvlopfrsm;onf &SifaygvkuJhokdY rdrdwkdYbmomoif,lMu&eftwGuf
ukd,fhajcaxmufay:üukd,f&yfwnfEdkifMuzdkY þtwdkif;ypfxm;oifhyg
ovm;/ olwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\yxrESpftenf;i,frS c&pf,meftawGU
tBuHKrsm;ukd tjcm;aom,kHMunfolrsm;r&Sdaomae&mü oD;jcm;ukefqkH;ap
oihfygovm;/ þt&monf rkdufrJaomvkyf&yfomr[kwf? tEÅ&m,f&Sd
aomvkyf&yfjzpfaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;oabmwlcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/
pmwefonf,kHMunfolvlopfwpfOD;u&&Sdydkifqdkifxm;onfh rajym
yavmufaomor®mw&m;avukd vGJrSm;pGmvdrfvnfwifjyí ,laqmif
z,f&Sm;ypf&efukdom tvGefvkdcsifaeygonf/
þae&mwGif &Sifaygvk\tjyKtrlrsm;tm; uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdY
em;vnfMu&rnfenf;/ ,kHMunfolvlopfrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYxHrS Mum;em
&onfxuf bk&m;ocifxHrSMum;emEkdifjcif;u ykdíta&;BuD;onf[laom
tcsufukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfxm;&efrSm t"dutcsufjzpfonf[k uREkfyf
jrifrdonf/ ,kHMunfolvlopfrsm;onf rsm;aomtm;jzihf 4if;wkdYukdwynfh
awmfrsm;tjzpf jyKvkyfarG;xkwfay;aomolrsm;\ ukd,fyGm;rsm;jzpfvm
wwfMuonf/ tjcm;olrsm;tm; wynfhawmfrsm;tjzpf jyKvkyfarG;xkwf
ay;Mu&mwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf uREkfyfwkdYtoif;awmf\ enf;pepfrsm;ESihf
&SifaygvkxHü {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd xkwfazmfjyojcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm26 27
"r®t,l0g'rsm;ukd tNrJvkdvkda&SUwef;wif wGef;ykdYwwfMuonf/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf ,kHMunfolvlopfrsm;tm; uREkfyfwkdYu tb,fh
aMumihfrSefuefí tjcm;olrsm;rSm tb,faMumihfrSm;,Gif;Muonfukd jyo
zkdYpkHprf;aESmufcHMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf olwkdYukduREkfyfwkdY awG;ac:ouJhokdY
awG;ac:&ef? uREkfyfwkdY0wfjyKukd;uG,fouJhokdY 0wfjyKukd;uG,f&ef? uREkfyfwkdY
uJhokdYaomolrsm;ESihfom aygif;oif;qufqHMu&ef avhusihfoifMum;ay;
wwfMuonf/ ,kHMunfolvlopfrsm;onf uREkfyfwdkYxHrS Mum;em&ygaomf
vnf; ol^olronf bk&m;ocifxHrSMum;emwwf&efukdvnf;aumif;?
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd avhvmwwf&efvnf;aumif; oif,lyg
ovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf olwkdYukduREkfyfwkdY\ wynfhawmfjyKvkyfarG;xkwfjcif;
oifwef;tpDtpOfjzihf vufwGJac:aqmifoGm;NyD;aemufwGif olwkdYonf
rnfolYxHrS oif,lcJhMuygoenf;/ olwkdYonf uREkfyfwkdYxHrSom Mum;em
cJhMuygovm; (okdY) olwkdYonf bk&m;ocifxHrSvnf; Mum;emcJhMu&yg
ovm;/ or®musrf;pmukd olwkdYem;vnfoabmayguf&mü uREkfyfwkdYESihf
oabmxm;uGJvGJcGihfukd olwkdYtm;ay;cJhMuygovm;/ bk&m;ocifu
olwkdYukd jzpfapcsifaomolrsm;jzpfvmMuzkdY olwkdYukd uREkfyfwkdYvrf;jy
OD;aqmifaeMuygovm; (okdY) uREkfyfwkdYuolwkdYjzpfvmzkdY vkdtyfonf[k
,lqaomolrsm; jzpfvmzkdY wkdufwGef;aeMuygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
olwkdYukdckdifrmaom ukdifykdifxifjrif,lqcsufrsm;&SdvmMuzkdY vrf;jyOD;
aqmifaeMuygovm; (okdY) uREkfyfwkdY\ckdifrmaom ukdifykdifxifjrif
,lqcsufrsm;ukdom vufqifhurf;aeMuygovm;/
&Sifaygvk\ toufwmajymif;vJjcif; aemufqufwGJESpfumv
rsm;onf bk&m;ocifxHrSMum;emjcif;ESpfumvrsm;jzpfcJhonf/ xkdESpf
umvrsm;wGif rdrd\ckdifrmaomukd,fykdifxifjrif,lqcsufrsm;ukd
azmfaqmifcJhonf/ þckdifrmaomxifjrif,lqcsufrsm;onf tcsKdUaom
bmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm;xHrS olUxHokdYvufqihfurf;ay;tyfcJhaom
wpfywf&pf or®mw&m;rsm; r[kwfMuyg/ wpfywf&pfxifjrif,lqcsuf
rsm;onf trIawmfjrwftwGuf jyif;jyaompdwfqE´ukd rzefwD;ay;Muyg/
&Sifaygvkonf tjcm;olwpfa,mufa,muf\ ,kHMunfjcif;ukd a[majym
jcif;ü pdwf0ifpm;cJhrnfr[kwfyg/ trIawmfjrwfü &Sifaygvk\jyif;jyaom
pdwfqE´&Sdaejcif;onf rdrd\eufeufeJeJcHpm; BuHKawGU&aom ckdifrmonfh
xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;rS a&muf&SdvmcJhygonf/ ocifc&pfawmfonf
&SifaygvktwGuf tppftrSefjzpfcJhonf/ ukd,fawmfonf&SifaygvktxJü
xkwfazmfjyojcif;ukdcHcJh&onf/ ukd,fawmfonf rdrd\or®mw&m;ukd
&SifaygvkxHü xkwfazmfjyoaecJhygonf/ &v'frSmum;? vlwkdYonf
&Sifaygvk\toufwmü xl;jcm;aomajymif;vJrIukd jrifawGUcJhMu&onf/
ueOD;ü toif;awmftm;n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcJhol\ toufwmü ukd,fawmf
vkyfaqmifaeaomt&mukd jrifawGUcJhMuaomaMumihf olwkdYonf bk&m;
ocifukd csD;rGrf;axmremjyKcJhMuonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oihftxJü ocifc&pfawmfukd xkwfazmfjyojcif;cHcJh&ygovm;/
oihftoufwm&Sd þtcsif;t&m\ oufaotaxmuftxm;
rsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
oif&&Sdxm;aom ckdifrmonfhxifjrif,lqcsufrsm;onf oihf&JU
ckdifrmaom ukd,fykdifxifjrif,lqcsufrsm; [kwfygovm;/ oif
,kHMunfaeaomt&monf ukd,fwkdifavhvmí tav;teuf
qifjcifokH;oyfNyD;aemuf bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfü rSefuef
&SifaygvkxHü {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd xkwfazmfjyojcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm26 27
"r®t,l0g'rsm;ukd tNrJvkdvkda&SUwef;wif wGef;ykdYwwfMuonf/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf ,kHMunfolvlopfrsm;tm; uREkfyfwkdYu tb,fh
aMumihfrSefuefí tjcm;olrsm;rSm tb,faMumihfrSm;,Gif;Muonfukd jyo
zkdYpkHprf;aESmufcHMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf olwkdYukduREkfyfwkdY awG;ac:ouJhokdY
awG;ac:&ef? uREkfyfwkdY0wfjyKukd;uG,fouJhokdY 0wfjyKukd;uG,f&ef? uREkfyfwkdY
uJhokdYaomolrsm;ESihfom aygif;oif;qufqHMu&ef avhusihfoifMum;ay;
wwfMuonf/ ,kHMunfolvlopfrsm;onf uREkfyfwdkYxHrS Mum;em&ygaomf
vnf; ol^olronf bk&m;ocifxHrSMum;emwwf&efukdvnf;aumif;?
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd avhvmwwf&efvnf;aumif; oif,lyg
ovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf olwkdYukduREkfyfwkdY\ wynfhawmfjyKvkyfarG;xkwfjcif;
oifwef;tpDtpOfjzihf vufwGJac:aqmifoGm;NyD;aemufwGif olwkdYonf
rnfolYxHrS oif,lcJhMuygoenf;/ olwkdYonf uREkfyfwkdYxHrSom Mum;em
cJhMuygovm; (okdY) olwkdYonf bk&m;ocifxHrSvnf; Mum;emcJhMu&yg
ovm;/ or®musrf;pmukd olwkdYem;vnfoabmayguf&mü uREkfyfwkdYESihf
oabmxm;uGJvGJcGihfukd olwkdYtm;ay;cJhMuygovm;/ bk&m;ocifu
olwkdYukd jzpfapcsifaomolrsm;jzpfvmMuzkdY olwkdYukd uREkfyfwkdYvrf;jy
OD;aqmifaeMuygovm; (okdY) uREkfyfwkdYuolwkdYjzpfvmzkdY vkdtyfonf[k
,lqaomolrsm; jzpfvmzkdY wkdufwGef;aeMuygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
olwkdYukdckdifrmaom ukdifykdifxifjrif,lqcsufrsm;&SdvmMuzkdY vrf;jyOD;
aqmifaeMuygovm; (okdY) uREkfyfwkdY\ckdifrmaom ukdifykdifxifjrif
,lqcsufrsm;ukdom vufqifhurf;aeMuygovm;/
&Sifaygvk\ toufwmajymif;vJjcif; aemufqufwGJESpfumv
rsm;onf bk&m;ocifxHrSMum;emjcif;ESpfumvrsm;jzpfcJhonf/ xkdESpf
umvrsm;wGif rdrd\ckdifrmaomukd,fykdifxifjrif,lqcsufrsm;ukd
azmfaqmifcJhonf/ þckdifrmaomxifjrif,lqcsufrsm;onf tcsKdUaom
bmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm;xHrS olUxHokdYvufqihfurf;ay;tyfcJhaom
wpfywf&pf or®mw&m;rsm; r[kwfMuyg/ wpfywf&pfxifjrif,lqcsuf
rsm;onf trIawmfjrwftwGuf jyif;jyaompdwfqE´ukd rzefwD;ay;Muyg/
&Sifaygvkonf tjcm;olwpfa,mufa,muf\ ,kHMunfjcif;ukd a[majym
jcif;ü pdwf0ifpm;cJhrnfr[kwfyg/ trIawmfjrwfü &Sifaygvk\jyif;jyaom
pdwfqE´&Sdaejcif;onf rdrd\eufeufeJeJcHpm; BuHKawGU&aom ckdifrmonfh
xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;rS a&muf&SdvmcJhygonf/ ocifc&pfawmfonf
&SifaygvktwGuf tppftrSefjzpfcJhonf/ ukd,fawmfonf&SifaygvktxJü
xkwfazmfjyojcif;ukdcHcJh&onf/ ukd,fawmfonf rdrd\or®mw&m;ukd
&SifaygvkxHü xkwfazmfjyoaecJhygonf/ &v'frSmum;? vlwkdYonf
&Sifaygvk\toufwmü xl;jcm;aomajymif;vJrIukd jrifawGUcJhMu&onf/
ueOD;ü toif;awmftm;n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcJhol\ toufwmü ukd,fawmf
vkyfaqmifaeaomt&mukd jrifawGUcJhMuaomaMumihf olwkdYonf bk&m;
ocifukd csD;rGrf;axmremjyKcJhMuonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oihftxJü ocifc&pfawmfukd xkwfazmfjyojcif;cHcJh&ygovm;/
oihftoufwm&Sd þtcsif;t&m\ oufaotaxmuftxm;
rsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
oif&&Sdxm;aom ckdifrmonfhxifjrif,lqcsufrsm;onf oihf&JU
ckdifrmaom ukd,fykdifxifjrif,lqcsufrsm; [kwfygovm;/ oif
,kHMunfaeaomt&monf ukd,fwkdifavhvmí tav;teuf
qifjcifokH;oyfNyD;aemuf bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfü rSefuef
&SifaygvkxHü {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd xkwfazmfjyojcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm28
aMumif;azsmif;zsjcif;cHcJh&aomaMumifh ,HkMunfaeygovm; (okdY)
wpfpkHwpfa,mufu oif,HkMunf&rnf[kajymjy cJhaomaMumihf
,HkMunfaeygovm;/
ckdifrmaomukd,fykdifxifjrif,lqcsufukd a[majymjcif;ESihf
ckdifrmaomwpfywf&pf xifjrif,lqcsufukd a[majymjcif;wkdY
Mum;wGif uGJjym;jcm;em;csuf &Sdygovm;/ xkduGJjym;jcm;em;csuf
rSmtb,fenf;/
oif,kHMunfxm;aom or®mw&m;u oihftoufwmukd tusKd;
oufa&mufrI&Sdapygovm;/ bk&m;ocifu oihfxHü xkwfazmf
jyocJhaom or®mw&m;twGuf pdwfESvkH;ü eufeufeJeJcHpm;&
aomjyif;jyonfh pdwfqE´wpfck&Sdygovm;/ þt&monf oihf
toufwmukd rnfokdYt&mxifapcJhoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;u {0Ha*vdw&m;(owif;aumif;w&m;)\ or®m
w&m;ukd oifhpdwfESvkH;qDodkY ukd,fwkdifukd,fusajymjycJhí vufcH
,kHMunfapcJhaomtcsdefukd jyefvnfowd&&eftcsdeftenf;i,f
,lyg/ bk&m;ocifonf {0Ha*vdw&m;(owif;aumif;w&m;)
ukdoifhxHü ukd,fwkdifukd,fusxkwfazmfjyocJhonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ocifay;oem;awmfrlaom u,fwifjcif;ukd oifukd,fwkdif
ukd,fusrod&SdrDa&S;umvuwnf;uyif ukd,fawmfonf oifh
tay: ü rdrd\vufawmfukd wnfxm;cJhaomaMumihf aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
a&SmvkuJhokdY or®mw&m;xHrS xGufajy;aeaomolwpfa,muf
a,mufukd oifodygovm;/ þyk*¾dKvfxHü bk&m;ocifukd,fhukd,f
ukd xkwfazmfjyornfhtaMumif; qkawmif;ay;&ef tcsdeftenf;
i,f,lyg/
29
&SifaygvkxHü {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd xkwfazmfjyojcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm28
aMumif;azsmif;zsjcif;cHcJh&aomaMumifh ,HkMunfaeygovm; (okdY)
wpfpkHwpfa,mufu oif,HkMunf&rnf[kajymjy cJhaomaMumihf
,HkMunfaeygovm;/
ckdifrmaomukd,fykdifxifjrif,lqcsufukd a[majymjcif;ESihf
ckdifrmaomwpfywf&pf xifjrif,lqcsufukd a[majymjcif;wkdY
Mum;wGif uGJjym;jcm;em;csuf &Sdygovm;/ xkduGJjym;jcm;em;csuf
rSmtb,fenf;/
oif,kHMunfxm;aom or®mw&m;u oihftoufwmukd tusKd;
oufa&mufrI&Sdapygovm;/ bk&m;ocifu oihfxHü xkwfazmf
jyocJhaom or®mw&m;twGuf pdwfESvkH;ü eufeufeJeJcHpm;&
aomjyif;jyonfh pdwfqE´wpfck&Sdygovm;/ þt&monf oihf
toufwmukd rnfokdYt&mxifapcJhoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;u {0Ha*vdw&m;(owif;aumif;w&m;)\ or®m
w&m;ukd oifhpdwfESvkH;qDodkY ukd,fwkdifukd,fusajymjycJhí vufcH
,kHMunfapcJhaomtcsdefukd jyefvnfowd&&eftcsdeftenf;i,f
,lyg/ bk&m;ocifonf {0Ha*vdw&m;(owif;aumif;w&m;)
ukdoifhxHü ukd,fwkdifukd,fusxkwfazmfjyocJhonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ocifay;oem;awmfrlaom u,fwifjcif;ukd oifukd,fwkdif
ukd,fusrod&SdrDa&S;umvuwnf;uyif ukd,fawmfonf oifh
tay: ü rdrd\vufawmfukd wnfxm;cJhaomaMumihf aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
a&SmvkuJhokdY or®mw&m;xHrS xGufajy;aeaomolwpfa,muf
a,mufukd oifodygovm;/ þyk*¾dKvfxHü bk&m;ocifukd,fhukd,f
ukd xkwfazmfjyornfhtaMumif; qkawmif;ay;&ef tcsdeftenf;
i,f,lyg/
29
&SifaygvkxHü {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd xkwfazmfjyojcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
33
33
3
&Sifaygvk? wpfyg;trsKd;wdkYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf&Sifaygvk? wpfyg;trsKd;wdkYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf
&Sifaygvk? wpfyg;trsKd;wdkYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf&Sifaygvk? wpfyg;trsKd;wdkYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf
&Sifaygvk? wpfyg;trsKd;wdkYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf
*vmwd 2;1-10 ukdzwf½Iyg/
bk&m;ocifonf {0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;) a'o
emawmfukd &SifaygvkxHü xkwfazmfjyocJhonfrSm xif&Sm;aeygaomfvnf;?
c&pf,meftokdif;t0kdif;xJü olYukdvufcHEkdifzdkYrSm tcsdeftuefYtowf
wpfcktxdMumjrifhcJhonf/ tpueOD;wGif wrefawmfrsm;uyif þtxif
u&jzpfaomtoif;awmfn§if;yef;ESdyfpufolu ,ckppfrSefaom,kHMunf
olwpfa,mufjzpfaeonfukd vufcHEkdif&eftcufawGUcJhMuonf/ toif;
awmfbufrS þokdYcsDwkHcswkHjzpfaejcif;ukd ykdí½IyfaxG;apcJhaomt&mrSm
wpfyg;trsKd;tokdif;t0kdif;ü þ{0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;)
ukdoGm;a&mufa[majym&ef[laom &Sifaygvk\oD;jcm;0efxkyf0efykd;jzpf
onf/ &Sifaygvk\0efxkyf0efykd;rSm xkdacwfumvüvkyfavhvkyfx&Sdaom
,k'vlrsKd;rsm;xHüom oD;oefYoGm;a&mufa[majymjcif; r[kwfcJhyg/
rdrdpmapmif\þtykdif;wGif &Sifaygvku rdrd\omoemvkyfief;
ukd tjcm;wrefawmfrsm;u rnfokdYvufcHvmcJhMuonfukd &Sif;jycJhonf/
q,fhav;ESpfMumNyD;aemufwGif olonfAmeA? wdwkwkdYESihftwl a,½k&Svif
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
33
33
3
&Sifaygvk? wpfyg;trsKd;wdkYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf&Sifaygvk? wpfyg;trsKd;wdkYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf
&Sifaygvk? wpfyg;trsKd;wdkYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf&Sifaygvk? wpfyg;trsKd;wdkYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf
&Sifaygvk? wpfyg;trsKd;wdkYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf
*vmwd 2;1-10 ukdzwf½Iyg/
bk&m;ocifonf {0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;) a'o
emawmfukd &SifaygvkxHü xkwfazmfjyocJhonfrSm xif&Sm;aeygaomfvnf;?
c&pf,meftokdif;t0kdif;xJü olYukdvufcHEkdifzdkYrSm tcsdeftuefYtowf
wpfcktxdMumjrifhcJhonf/ tpueOD;wGif wrefawmfrsm;uyif þtxif
u&jzpfaomtoif;awmfn§if;yef;ESdyfpufolu ,ckppfrSefaom,kHMunf
olwpfa,mufjzpfaeonfukd vufcHEkdif&eftcufawGUcJhMuonf/ toif;
awmfbufrS þokdYcsDwkHcswkHjzpfaejcif;ukd ykdí½IyfaxG;apcJhaomt&mrSm
wpfyg;trsKd;tokdif;t0kdif;ü þ{0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;)
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q,fhav;ESpfMumNyD;aemufwGif olonfAmeA? wdwkwkdYESihftwl a,½k&Svif
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tcsKdUu&Sifaygvktoufwmajymif;vJNyD;aemuf q,fhav;ESpftMumwGif
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wynfhawmfrsm;tm; rdrd\w&m;a'oemukd £oa&vtrsKd;wkdYxHü
,laqmifoGm;MuzkdY ajymcJhonf(róJ 10;5-7)/ ueOD;toif;
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w&m;a[majymjcif;wGif &Sifaygvkonf xkH;pHtpOftvmukd qefYusifae
cJhygonf/
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wyg;trsKd;rsm;u ocifbk&m;tm;oduRrf;,kHMunfvmMuonfukd vkdvkd
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tcef;i,f (2) wGif &Sifaygvkonf bk&m;ocifxHrSvmaom
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wynfhawmfrsm;tm; rdrd\w&m;a'oemukd £oa&vtrsKd;wkdYxHü
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cJhygonf/
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tcef;i,f (2) wGif &Sifaygvkonf bk&m;ocifxHrSvmaom
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ESihftwl&SdaecJhaom wyg;trsKd; wdwkonf xdkxdkaom qefYusiftwkduf
tcHjyKcH&jcif;\t&if;tjrpfjzpfcJhonf/ tcsKdUaom,k'vlrsm;u wdwkukd
ta&zsm;vSD;r*FvmcH,lzkdY zdtm;ay;cJhMuonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd
&Sifaygvku olvQKdtjzpfapvTwfcH&onfh ]]rSm;,Gif;aomnDtpfukdrsm;}}
[korkwfcJhonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif? þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf wdwk
ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;r*FvmcH,ljcif;&Sd? r&SdukdvQKdU0SufpGmjzihf vma&mufpl;prf;
avhvmcJhMuonf/
&Sifaygvkonf þrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;\ zdtm;ay;rIü tnHhcH
&efjiif;qefcJhonf/ omíBuD;rm;us,fjyefYaom omoemvkyfief;ukd
&nf&G,fí wrefawmfBuD;u ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;ukd cGihfjyKay;cJhonfhtcsdef
rsm;&SdcJhonf (wrefawmf 16;1-2)/ okdYaom?f þtcsdefonf xkduJhokdYaom
tcsdefr[kwfcJhyg/ þtcsdefü vrf;zGihfay;cJhvQif arma&S\ynwfw&m;
onf u,fwifjcif;twGuf vkdtyfaomt&mjzpfonf[k ajymqkd&m
a&mufcJhygvdrfhrnf/ þt&monf &SifaygvkqefYusifwkdufckdufaeaom
t&mjzpfonf/ aemufqHk;wGif &Sifaygvk\twif;tusyftav;teuf
awmif;qkdrIatmifjrifcJhonfrSmxif&Sm;aeygonf// tcef;i,f 3 u
wdwkonf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;ukdcH,lzkdY rwkdufwGef;jcif;rcHawmhaMumif;
uREkfyfwkdYukdajymjyxm;onf/ wdwktm; c&pfawmfüwnfaomta&
zsm;vSD;jcif;ukdrcH,lonfh wyg;trsKd;wpfOD;tjzpf t&Sdwkdif;vufcHcJhMu
onf/ þt&monf &Sifaygvkukd tb,frQ0rf;ajrmufapcJhygrnfenf;/
tcef;i,f 6-7 wGif &Sifaygvku rdrd\pmzwfolwkdYtm; a,½k
&SvifNrdKU&Sd toif;awmfrSacgif;aqmifrsm; (toa&xif&Sm;aomolwkdY)
u rdrd\w&m;a'oemü rnfonfht&mukdrQ xyfavmif;aygif;xnfhjcif;
rjyKMuaMumif; ajymjycJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\w&m;a'oemum; tb,f
enf;/ &Sifaygvk\w&m;a'oemrSm wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf arma&S\ynwf
w&m;ukd vkdufemusihfBuHjcif;r&SdbJ? u,fwifjcif;ukd &&SdEkdifonf[laom
w&m;a'oemyifjzpfonf/ aemufqkH;wGif a,½k&SvifNrdKUrSacgif;aqmif
rsm;u þw&m;a'oemü aemufxyfrnfonfhjy|mef;csufukdrQ xyf
avmif;aygif;xnhfjcif;r&SdyJ vufcHcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf &Sifaygvkukd
wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaom wrefawmftjzpf twnfjyKcJhMuNyD;
]]ynwfw&m;rygyJ? wyg;trsKd;wkdYü u,fwifjcif;}} [laom &Sifaygvk
a[majymaom w&m;a'oem\aemufwGifvnf; &yfwnfay;cJhMuonf/
bk&m;ocifonf &Sifayw½kukd ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;xHü w&m;a[majym&ef
tokH;jyKaecJhouJhokdY &Sifaygvkukdvnf; wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHü w&m;a[m
ajym&ef tokH;jyKaecJhygonf/ &Sifaygvk\ omoemvkyfief;ESihf w&m;
a'oemwkdYukd twnfjyKay;MuNyD;aemufwGif olwkdYonf &SifaygvkESihf
AmeAwkdYxHü vufsmvufcHjcif;ay;í rdrdwkdY\pdwfa&mukd,fyg tm;ay;
axmufcHrIESihftwl qif;&Jaomolrsm;ukdvnf; owd&atmufarhaeMu&ef
pdefac:&if; wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHodkY apvTwfcJhMuonf (i,f 9-10)/
&SifaygvktwGuf u,fwifjcif;w&m;a'oemwGifrnfonfht&m
rQxyfavmif;aygif;xnfhí r&Ekdifyg/ vlom;wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\
aus;Zl;awmftm;jzihf vkyfaqmifoGm;cJhNyD;aomt&mukd ,kHMunfvufcH&efrS
&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wdkYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf36 37
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
w&m;a'oemESihf omoemvkyfief;\aemufü &yfwnfay; &efa,½k&S
viftoif;awmf\qkH;jzwfcsufonf tvG,fwuljzpfrvmcJhaMumif;ukd
tcef;i,f 3-5 tm;jzifhuREfkyfwkdYem;vnfem;vnfMu&onf/ &Sifaygvk
ESihftwl&SdaecJhaom wyg;trsKd; wdwkonf xdkxdkaom qefYusiftwkduf
tcHjyKcH&jcif;\t&if;tjrpfjzpfcJhonf/ tcsKdUaom,k'vlrsm;u wdwkukd
ta&zsm;vSD;r*FvmcH,lzkdY zdtm;ay;cJhMuonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd
&Sifaygvku olvQKdtjzpfapvTwfcH&onfh ]]rSm;,Gif;aomnDtpfukdrsm;}}
[korkwfcJhonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif? þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf wdwk
ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;r*FvmcH,ljcif;&Sd? r&SdukdvQKdU0SufpGmjzihf vma&mufpl;prf;
avhvmcJhMuonf/
&Sifaygvkonf þrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;\ zdtm;ay;rIü tnHhcH
&efjiif;qefcJhonf/ omíBuD;rm;us,fjyefYaom omoemvkyfief;ukd
&nf&G,fí wrefawmfBuD;u ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;ukd cGihfjyKay;cJhonfhtcsdef
rsm;&SdcJhonf (wrefawmf 16;1-2)/ okdYaom?f þtcsdefonf xkduJhokdYaom
tcsdefr[kwfcJhyg/ þtcsdefü vrf;zGihfay;cJhvQif arma&S\ynwfw&m;
onf u,fwifjcif;twGuf vkdtyfaomt&mjzpfonf[k ajymqkd&m
a&mufcJhygvdrfhrnf/ þt&monf &SifaygvkqefYusifwkdufckdufaeaom
t&mjzpfonf/ aemufqHk;wGif &Sifaygvk\twif;tusyftav;teuf
awmif;qkdrIatmifjrifcJhonfrSmxif&Sm;aeygonf// tcef;i,f 3 u
wdwkonf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;ukdcH,lzkdY rwkdufwGef;jcif;rcHawmhaMumif;
uREkfyfwkdYukdajymjyxm;onf/ wdwktm; c&pfawmfüwnfaomta&
zsm;vSD;jcif;ukdrcH,lonfh wyg;trsKd;wpfOD;tjzpf t&Sdwkdif;vufcHcJhMu
onf/ þt&monf &Sifaygvkukd tb,frQ0rf;ajrmufapcJhygrnfenf;/
tcef;i,f 6-7 wGif &Sifaygvku rdrd\pmzwfolwkdYtm; a,½k
&SvifNrdKU&Sd toif;awmfrSacgif;aqmifrsm; (toa&xif&Sm;aomolwkdY)
u rdrd\w&m;a'oemü rnfonfht&mukdrQ xyfavmif;aygif;xnfhjcif;
rjyKMuaMumif; ajymjycJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\w&m;a'oemum; tb,f
enf;/ &Sifaygvk\w&m;a'oemrSm wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf arma&S\ynwf
w&m;ukd vkdufemusihfBuHjcif;r&SdbJ? u,fwifjcif;ukd &&SdEkdifonf[laom
w&m;a'oemyifjzpfonf/ aemufqkH;wGif a,½k&SvifNrdKUrSacgif;aqmif
rsm;u þw&m;a'oemü aemufxyfrnfonfhjy|mef;csufukdrQ xyf
avmif;aygif;xnhfjcif;r&SdyJ vufcHcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf &Sifaygvkukd
wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaom wrefawmftjzpf twnfjyKcJhMuNyD;
]]ynwfw&m;rygyJ? wyg;trsKd;wkdYü u,fwifjcif;}} [laom &Sifaygvk
a[majymaom w&m;a'oem\aemufwGifvnf; &yfwnfay;cJhMuonf/
bk&m;ocifonf &Sifayw½kukd ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;xHü w&m;a[majym&ef
tokH;jyKaecJhouJhokdY &Sifaygvkukdvnf; wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHü w&m;a[m
ajym&ef tokH;jyKaecJhygonf/ &Sifaygvk\ omoemvkyfief;ESihf w&m;
a'oemwkdYukd twnfjyKay;MuNyD;aemufwGif olwkdYonf &SifaygvkESihf
AmeAwkdYxHü vufsmvufcHjcif;ay;í rdrdwkdY\pdwfa&mukd,fyg tm;ay;
axmufcHrIESihftwl qif;&Jaomolrsm;ukdvnf; owd&atmufarhaeMu&ef
pdefac:&if; wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHodkY apvTwfcJhMuonf (i,f 9-10)/
&SifaygvktwGuf u,fwifjcif;w&m;a'oemwGifrnfonfht&m
rQxyfavmif;aygif;xnfhí r&Ekdifyg/ vlom;wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\
aus;Zl;awmftm;jzihf vkyfaqmifoGm;cJhNyD;aomt&mukd ,kHMunfvufcH&efrS
&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wdkYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf36 37
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm38 39
vGJí rdrdwkdYrSrnfonfhBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrSrygyJ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;
awmfwpfyg;wnf;tm;jzihf u,fwifjcif;cHMu&ygonf/ rnfolYtay:wGif
rqkd aemufxyfowfrSwfjy|mef;csufwpfckckudkxm;&Sdjcif;onf ocifc&pf
awmfvkyfaqmifoGm;cJhaomtrIawmfukd wefzkd;avsmhajymqkdjcif;omjzpf
onf/ þtaMumif;udpöü &Sifaygvk\tjyif;txefawmif;qkdjcif;u
ueOD;toif;awmftm; u,fwifjcif;ü ynwfw&m;ukdaygif;xnfhjcif;
[laom rSm;,Gif;onfht,ltqrsm;udk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;&ef jzpfapcJhonf/
ocifc&pfawmf\trIawmfwpfyg;wnf;u u,fwifjcif;twGufvkH
avmufjynfhpkHcJhygonf/ wyg;trsdK;wdkYxHü omoemjyKjcif;twGuf toif;
awmfudkocifa,½I\pdwfawmfESifh wpfom;wnf;usvm &efvkyfaqmif
&mü &SifaygvkonftvGefMoZmt&Sdeft0gBuD;cJhonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREfkyfwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmfESifhusifhaqmifrIwdkYtm;jzifh
u,fwifjcif;cHMu&onf[laom w&m;a'oemudk a[majym
wifjyjcif; tjypfudk jyKrdEdkifMuygovm;/ ,aeYwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf
r,kHMunfolrsm;tay:ü 4if;wdkY\u,fwifjcif;twGuf
rnfonfhjyXmef;csufrsm;udk wifaqmiffxm;EdkifMuygoenf;/
oifh&JUaumif;jrwfaomusifhaqmifrItm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\
rsufESmomay;rIudk xdkufwefpGm&&Sd&ef &SmBuHaeaMumif; udk,fh
udk,fudkawGU&SdcJhzl;ygovm;/ uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocifudk opöm&Sd
pGmtapcHMuaomaMumifh bk&m;ocifuuREfkyfwdkYydkí cspfjrwf
Edk;vmygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYopömr&SdvQif bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdY
ukdavsmhícspfygovm;/
vlwpfa,mufu oihf,kHMunfxm;ouJhodYk r,kHMunfaomaMumifh
xkdolonf ocifbk&m;ESihfppfrSefpGm ywfoufqufEG,faomol
tjzpfvufcH&ef 0efav;wGefYqkwfaeonfhtajctaeü ukd,fh
ukd,fukdawGU&SdcJhzl;ygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; a,½k&Svif&Sd
toif;awmfuJhokdY tvm;wltrSm;rsKd;ukd usL;vGefonfh tjypf&Sd
MuaMumif;rSm jzpfEkdifygovm;/
ocifa,½Itjyif arma&S\ynwfw&m;tm;jzihf u,fwifjcif;
cH&onf[laom rSm;,Gif;onfh,kHMunfcsufESihfpyfvsOf;í
a,½k&SvifNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfukdpdefac:&ef &Sifaygvkübk&m;
ocif\Munfvifjywfom;aom qifhac:jcif;wpfck&SdaecJhonf/
&SifaygvkwdkY\acwfumvrStoif;awmfonf bk&m;ocif\
pdwfawmfESihf wpfom;wnf;ruscJhyg/ rdrdückdifrmaom xifjrif
,lqcsuf&Sdaevifhupm; &Sifaygvkonf toif;awmfukd rnfuJh
okdYcsOf;uyfcJhoenf;/
oifwkdY\toif;awmfwGif bk&m;ocif\Munfvifjywfom;aom
pdfwfawmfESihf xyfwlrusonfh tpdwftykdif;rsm;&Sdaeygovm;/
xkdtpdwftykdif;rsm;rSmtb,fenf;/ toif;awmfukd bk&m;
ocif\pdwfESihftvm;wlaom pdwfESvkH;rsKd;ukd&&Sdap&ef rnfonfh
t&mukdjyKvkyfzkdY vkdtyfoenf;/
&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wdkYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm38 39
vGJí rdrdwkdYrSrnfonfhBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrSrygyJ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;
awmfwpfyg;wnf;tm;jzihf u,fwifjcif;cHMu&ygonf/ rnfolYtay:wGif
rqkd aemufxyfowfrSwfjy|mef;csufwpfckckudkxm;&Sdjcif;onf ocifc&pf
awmfvkyfaqmifoGm;cJhaomtrIawmfukd wefzkd;avsmhajymqkdjcif;omjzpf
onf/ þtaMumif;udpöü &Sifaygvk\tjyif;txefawmif;qkdjcif;u
ueOD;toif;awmftm; u,fwifjcif;ü ynwfw&m;ukdaygif;xnfhjcif;
[laom rSm;,Gif;onfht,ltqrsm;udk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;&ef jzpfapcJhonf/
ocifc&pfawmf\trIawmfwpfyg;wnf;u u,fwifjcif;twGufvkH
avmufjynfhpkHcJhygonf/ wyg;trsdK;wdkYxHü omoemjyKjcif;twGuf toif;
awmfudkocifa,½I\pdwfawmfESifh wpfom;wnf;usvm &efvkyfaqmif
&mü &SifaygvkonftvGefMoZmt&Sdeft0gBuD;cJhonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREfkyfwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmfESifhusifhaqmifrIwdkYtm;jzifh
u,fwifjcif;cHMu&onf[laom w&m;a'oemudk a[majym
wifjyjcif; tjypfudk jyKrdEdkifMuygovm;/ ,aeYwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf
r,kHMunfolrsm;tay:ü 4if;wdkY\u,fwifjcif;twGuf
rnfonfhjyXmef;csufrsm;udk wifaqmiffxm;EdkifMuygoenf;/
oifh&JUaumif;jrwfaomusifhaqmifrItm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\
rsufESmomay;rIudk xdkufwefpGm&&Sd&ef &SmBuHaeaMumif; udk,fh
udk,fudkawGU&SdcJhzl;ygovm;/ uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocifudk opöm&Sd
pGmtapcHMuaomaMumifh bk&m;ocifuuREfkyfwdkYydkí cspfjrwf
Edk;vmygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYopömr&SdvQif bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdY
ukdavsmhícspfygovm;/
vlwpfa,mufu oihf,kHMunfxm;ouJhodYk r,kHMunfaomaMumifh
xkdolonf ocifbk&m;ESihfppfrSefpGm ywfoufqufEG,faomol
tjzpfvufcH&ef 0efav;wGefYqkwfaeonfhtajctaeü ukd,fh
ukd,fukdawGU&SdcJhzl;ygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; a,½k&Svif&Sd
toif;awmfuJhokdY tvm;wltrSm;rsKd;ukd usL;vGefonfh tjypf&Sd
MuaMumif;rSm jzpfEkdifygovm;/
ocifa,½Itjyif arma&S\ynwfw&m;tm;jzihf u,fwifjcif;
cH&onf[laom rSm;,Gif;onfh,kHMunfcsufESihfpyfvsOf;í
a,½k&SvifNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfukdpdefac:&ef &Sifaygvkübk&m;
ocif\Munfvifjywfom;aom qifhac:jcif;wpfck&SdaecJhonf/
&SifaygvkwdkY\acwfumvrStoif;awmfonf bk&m;ocif\
pdwfawmfESihf wpfom;wnf;ruscJhyg/ rdrdückdifrmaom xifjrif
,lqcsuf&Sdaevifhupm; &Sifaygvkonf toif;awmfukd rnfuJh
okdYcsOf;uyfcJhoenf;/
oifwkdY\toif;awmfwGif bk&m;ocif\Munfvifjywfom;aom
pdfwfawmfESihf xyfwlrusonfh tpdwftykdif;rsm;&Sdaeygovm;/
xkdtpdwftykdif;rsm;rSmtb,fenf;/ toif;awmfukd bk&m;
ocif\pdwfESihftvm;wlaom pdwfESvkH;rsKd;ukd&&Sdap&ef rnfonfh
t&mukdjyKvkyfzkdY vkdtyfoenf;/
&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wdkYxHü apvTwfaomwrefawmf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm40
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
t&mrsm;ukd oif,kHMunfouJhokdY r,kHMunf (okdY) oif½IjrifouJhokdY
r½Ijrifonfh ocifc&pfawmfüwnfaom nDtpfukdarmifESrwpf
a,mufa,mufukd qefYusifíaMumif;usKd;rqDavsmfaomcHpm;
csufjzihf rkef;wD;jcif;rsm;ukd oihftm;xkwfazmfjyoay;zkdY bk&m;
ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
oifwkdY\toif;awmfukd rdrd\pdwfawmfESihfwpfom;wnf;jzpf
vmzkdYaqmifusOf;ay;&ef bk&m;ocifukd,fawmfukd awmif;
avQmufyg/
toif;awmf&Sd tvGefEll;nHhí uGJ&SvG,faomjyóemukd ajz&Sif;
cJhcsdefu &SifaygvkpdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcsouJhokdY pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcs&ef aus;Zl;
awmfukday;oem;zdkY bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
ocifc&pfawmfwpfyg;wnf;tm;jzihf u,fwifjcif;ukd &&Sdjcif;
[laom {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd &Sif;vif;jywfom;pGma[majymjcif;
r&Sdaomtoif;awmfü&Sdaeonfh nDtpfukdarmifESrtcsKdUukd
oifodygovm;/ olwkdYtwGufqkawmif;ay;zkdY tcsdeftenf;
i,f,lyg/ ocifc&pfawmfwpfyg;wnf;tm;jzihfom u,fwif
jcif;ukdcHMu&onf[laom or®mw&m;ukd xkwfaz:jyoay;&ef
bk&m;ocifxHü awmif;avQmufyg/
44
44
4
&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k
&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k
&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k
*vmwd 2;1-11-21 ukdzwf½Iyg/
wyg;trsKd;wkdYtm; toif;awmfxJokdY xnfhoGif;aygif;pnf;
vkdufjcif;ukdjzpfapvkdaom &Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´onf olYukd,k'acgif;
aqmifykdif;rsm;ESihf y#dyu©jzpfapcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku rdrd\½lyg½kHukd a,½k
&SvifNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfa&SUü rnfokdYxkacsumuG,fcJhonfukd aemufqkH;
qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;ü uREkfyfwkdYawGUjrifcJhMuonf/ a,½k&SvifNrdKU&Sd
toif;awmfonf &Sifaygvkukd4if;\ omoemvkyfief;ü cefYtyftwnfjyK
ay;cJhMuaomfvnf; acgif;aqmifrsm;taejzihf arma&Synwfw&m;ü
eufeufeJeJtjrpfwG,faeaom 4if;wkdY\xkH;wrf;tpOftvmrsm;ESihf
awG;ac:rItavhtxrsm;ukd ajymif;vJ&efrSm rvG,fulcJhyg/ &Sifaygvk
taejzihf txifu&wrefawmfBuD;&Sifayw½kukd 4if;\tajymESihftvkyf
rnDñGwfrItwGuf tjypfazmfqkH;rcJh&onf/
tEÅdtkwfNrdKUü &Sifayw½kESihf&SifaygvkwkdYMum;üjzpfcJhonfh y#d
yu©ukd uREkfyfwkdYrppfaq;rDwGif aemufcHtaMumif;t&mukd em;vnf
oabmaygufxm;jcif;u uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf taxmuftuljzpfygvdrfhrnf/
yxrtaejzihf? tEÅdtkwfNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfwGif ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;ESihf wyg;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm40
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
t&mrsm;ukd oif,kHMunfouJhokdY r,kHMunf (okdY) oif½IjrifouJhokdY
r½Ijrifonfh ocifc&pfawmfüwnfaom nDtpfukdarmifESrwpf
a,mufa,mufukd qefYusifíaMumif;usKd;rqDavsmfaomcHpm;
csufjzihf rkef;wD;jcif;rsm;ukd oihftm;xkwfazmfjyoay;zkdY bk&m;
ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
oifwkdY\toif;awmfukd rdrd\pdwfawmfESihfwpfom;wnf;jzpf
vmzkdYaqmifusOf;ay;&ef bk&m;ocifukd,fawmfukd awmif;
avQmufyg/
toif;awmf&Sd tvGefEll;nHhí uGJ&SvG,faomjyóemukd ajz&Sif;
cJhcsdefu &SifaygvkpdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcsouJhokdY pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcs&ef aus;Zl;
awmfukday;oem;zdkY bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
ocifc&pfawmfwpfyg;wnf;tm;jzihf u,fwifjcif;ukd &&Sdjcif;
[laom {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd &Sif;vif;jywfom;pGma[majymjcif;
r&Sdaomtoif;awmfü&Sdaeonfh nDtpfukdarmifESrtcsKdUukd
oifodygovm;/ olwkdYtwGufqkawmif;ay;zkdY tcsdeftenf;
i,f,lyg/ ocifc&pfawmfwpfyg;wnf;tm;jzihfom u,fwif
jcif;ukdcHMu&onf[laom or®mw&m;ukd xkwfaz:jyoay;&ef
bk&m;ocifxHü awmif;avQmufyg/
44
44
4
&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k
&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k
&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k
*vmwd 2;1-11-21 ukdzwf½Iyg/
wyg;trsKd;wkdYtm; toif;awmfxJokdY xnfhoGif;aygif;pnf;
vkdufjcif;ukdjzpfapvkdaom &Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´onf olYukd,k'acgif;
aqmifykdif;rsm;ESihf y#dyu©jzpfapcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku rdrd\½lyg½kHukd a,½k
&SvifNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfa&SUü rnfokdYxkacsumuG,fcJhonfukd aemufqkH;
qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;ü uREkfyfwkdYawGUjrifcJhMuonf/ a,½k&SvifNrdKU&Sd
toif;awmfonf &Sifaygvkukd4if;\ omoemvkyfief;ü cefYtyftwnfjyK
ay;cJhMuaomfvnf; acgif;aqmifrsm;taejzihf arma&Synwfw&m;ü
eufeufeJeJtjrpfwG,faeaom 4if;wkdY\xkH;wrf;tpOftvmrsm;ESihf
awG;ac:rItavhtxrsm;ukd ajymif;vJ&efrSm rvG,fulcJhyg/ &Sifaygvk
taejzihf txifu&wrefawmfBuD;&Sifayw½kukd 4if;\tajymESihftvkyf
rnDñGwfrItwGuf tjypfazmfqkH;rcJh&onf/
tEÅdtkwfNrdKUü &Sifayw½kESihf&SifaygvkwkdYMum;üjzpfcJhonfh y#d
yu©ukd uREkfyfwkdYrppfaq;rDwGif aemufcHtaMumif;t&mukd em;vnf
oabmaygufxm;jcif;u uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf taxmuftuljzpfygvdrfhrnf/
yxrtaejzihf? tEÅdtkwfNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfwGif ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;ESihf wyg;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
trsKd;wkdYMum;&kSd rwluGJjym;rIrsm;ü tjyif;txef½kef;uef&aom orkdif;
wpfck&SdcJhonf/ toif;awmfpwifcJhcsdefü ,kHMunfol,k'vlrsKd;rsm;tae
jzihf {0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;) ukdrdrdwdkY\,k'vlrsKd;rsm;xHü
oma[majymjcif;onf tpOftvmwpfckjzpfcJhonf (wrefawmf 11)/
okdYaomf? bk&m;ocifonf uky½kjynfESihf uka&aejynfrS ,kHMunfoltcsKdUukd
xkda'owpf0kdufrS wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüvnf; {0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;
aumif;w&m;)ukd a[majyma0iS&ef aphaqmfcJhonf/ þtcsif;t&monf
wyg;trsKd;wkdYtv,fü bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ta&;ygaom vIyf&Sm;
rIBuD;ESihf tEÅdtkwfNrdKUü toif;awmfwnfaxmifjcif;wkdYukd jzpfapcJhonf/
toif;awmfonf ,k'vlrsKd;wkdYkESihf wyg;trsKd;wkdY ab;csif;,SOf
vQuftwlwuG 0wfjyKukd;uG,fjcif;ESihftwl tcsdeftwkdif;twmwpfck
txdvnfywfEkdifcJh[ef&Sdonf/ þtcsif;t&monf þtoif;awmf
tay:ü ocifbk&m;\aumif;BuD;r*Fvm oufa&muf&jcif;\taMumif;
t&if;rsm;xJrSwpfckjzpfonf/ þ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rsKd;qufrsm;pGm
uwnf;u&SdaecJhonfh tajctjrpfr&Sdaom tpGJtvrf;rsm;ukd ab;z,f
xm;í? wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; ocifc&pfawmfü nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ozG,f
vufcHMu&ef oif,lcJhMuonf/ okdYaomf? wrefawmf 15 wGif rSm;,Gif;aom
w&m;a[mq&mrsm; tEÅdtkwfNrdKUokdYa&muf&SdvmNyD;? wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf
u,fwifjcif;ukd&&SdzkdYqkdvQif 4if;wkdYonfarma&S\ynwfw&m;ukd vkdufem
apmifhxdef;zkdY vkdtyfonf[k a[majymoGefoifay;cJhMuonf/ þtcsif;
t&monf toif;awmfü BuD;rm;aomtjiif;yGm;rIBuD;ukd jzpfapcJhonf/
þy#dyu©ukdajz&Sif;&eftwGuf &Sifaygvkukd tEÅdtkwfNrdKUrS a,½k&SvifNrdKU
okdY apvTwfcJhMuonf/ &v'frSm a,½k&SvifNrdKU&Sd toif;awmfu u,fwif
jcif;onfarma&S\ynwfw&m;ESihf rnfokdYrQoufqkdifrIr&SdaMumif;
xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/ ,k'vlrsKd;wkdYESifh wyg;trsKd;wkdYtwGuf u,fwif
jcif;onf ynwfw&m;ukd emcHvkdufavQmufír[kwf? ocifc&pfawmf
wpfyg;wnf;ü,kHMunfjcif;wpfckwnf;tm;jzihf jzpfcJhonf/
okdYaom?f &Sifayw½ktEÅdtkwfNrdKUokdY a&mufvmaomtcgolonf
wyg;trsKd;wkdYrSm arma&S\ynwfw&m;ukd vkdufemusifhBuHjcif;r&SdcJh
MuaomaMumihf ,kHMunfol,k'vlwkdYxuf edrfhusMuonf[laom rSm;,Gif;
onfh þt,ltqukdoGefoifay;aom yk*¾dKvftcsKdU\vTrf;rkd;jcif;ukd cHcJh
&onf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;xHrS xkdokdYaomt&mukd rMum;cJhrDu &Sifayw½konf
wyg;trsKd;wdkYtm; ocifc&pfawmfü wef;wl&nfwlnDtpfukdrsm;tjzpf
vufcHí olwkdYESihftwlwuG pm;aomufcJhygonf/ okdYaomf? &Sifayw½k
onf þrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;\ Ncdrf;ajcmufrIukdcH&í ukd,fhukd,fukd
,kHMunfolwyg;trsKd;wkdYESihf oD;jcm;aecJhonf (i,f 12)/
,kHMunfoltokdif;t0kdif;ü&Sdaom &Sifayw½k\xifay:ausmfMum;
rIaMumifh olonfvlajrmufjrm;pGmukd rdrd\vrf;pOftm;vkdufavQmufMu
zkdY vTrf;rkd;EkdifcJhonf/ AmeAukd,fwkdifuyif ,kHMunfolwpfyg;trsKd;wkdYESihf
pwifcyfcGgcGgaevmcJhonf/ {0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;) ukdþokdY
arSmufvSefjcif;ESihf pnf;vkH;nDñGwfrItm; NzdKcGJjcif;onf &Sifaygvkukd tvGef
0rf;enf;aMuuGJapcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf u,fwifjcif;ü wyg;trsKd;
wkdYukd wef;wl&nfwlulazmfavmifzufrsm;tjzpf vufcHcJhaMumif;ukd
&Sifayw½kodcJhygonf/ u,fwifjcif;onf arma&S\ynwfw&m;tm;jzihf
r&&SdEkdifaMumif;ukd olodcJhygaomfvnf; þt&mukd rdrd\toufwm
&SifoefykHESihf ykHOyrmtm;jzihf oufaorxlcJhyg/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½Iwpfyg;wnf;ü uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfjcif;
tm;jzihf u,fwifjcif;cHMu&aMumif;ukd ,kHMunfMuonf[k ajymqkdMu
42 43&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
trsKd;wkdYMum;&kSd rwluGJjym;rIrsm;ü tjyif;txef½kef;uef&aom orkdif;
wpfck&SdcJhonf/ toif;awmfpwifcJhcsdefü ,kHMunfol,k'vlrsKd;rsm;tae
jzihf {0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;) ukdrdrdwdkY\,k'vlrsKd;rsm;xHü
oma[majymjcif;onf tpOftvmwpfckjzpfcJhonf (wrefawmf 11)/
okdYaomf? bk&m;ocifonf uky½kjynfESihf uka&aejynfrS ,kHMunfoltcsKdUukd
xkda'owpf0kdufrS wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüvnf; {0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;
aumif;w&m;)ukd a[majyma0iS&ef aphaqmfcJhonf/ þtcsif;t&monf
wyg;trsKd;wkdYtv,fü bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ta&;ygaom vIyf&Sm;
rIBuD;ESihf tEÅdtkwfNrdKUü toif;awmfwnfaxmifjcif;wkdYukd jzpfapcJhonf/
toif;awmfonf ,k'vlrsKd;wkdYkESihf wyg;trsKd;wkdY ab;csif;,SOf
vQuftwlwuG 0wfjyKukd;uG,fjcif;ESihftwl tcsdeftwkdif;twmwpfck
txdvnfywfEkdifcJh[ef&Sdonf/ þtcsif;t&monf þtoif;awmf
tay:ü ocifbk&m;\aumif;BuD;r*Fvm oufa&muf&jcif;\taMumif;
t&if;rsm;xJrSwpfckjzpfonf/ þ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rsKd;qufrsm;pGm
uwnf;u&SdaecJhonfh tajctjrpfr&Sdaom tpGJtvrf;rsm;ukd ab;z,f
xm;í? wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; ocifc&pfawmfü nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ozG,f
vufcHMu&ef oif,lcJhMuonf/ okdYaomf? wrefawmf 15 wGif rSm;,Gif;aom
w&m;a[mq&mrsm; tEÅdtkwfNrdKUokdYa&muf&SdvmNyD;? wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf
u,fwifjcif;ukd&&SdzkdYqkdvQif 4if;wkdYonfarma&S\ynwfw&m;ukd vkdufem
apmifhxdef;zkdY vkdtyfonf[k a[majymoGefoifay;cJhMuonf/ þtcsif;
t&monf toif;awmfü BuD;rm;aomtjiif;yGm;rIBuD;ukd jzpfapcJhonf/
þy#dyu©ukdajz&Sif;&eftwGuf &Sifaygvkukd tEÅdtkwfNrdKUrS a,½k&SvifNrdKU
okdY apvTwfcJhMuonf/ &v'frSm a,½k&SvifNrdKU&Sd toif;awmfu u,fwif
jcif;onfarma&S\ynwfw&m;ESihf rnfokdYrQoufqkdifrIr&SdaMumif;
xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/ ,k'vlrsKd;wkdYESifh wyg;trsKd;wkdYtwGuf u,fwif
jcif;onf ynwfw&m;ukd emcHvkdufavQmufír[kwf? ocifc&pfawmf
wpfyg;wnf;ü,kHMunfjcif;wpfckwnf;tm;jzihf jzpfcJhonf/
okdYaom?f &Sifayw½ktEÅdtkwfNrdKUokdY a&mufvmaomtcgolonf
wyg;trsKd;wkdYrSm arma&S\ynwfw&m;ukd vkdufemusifhBuHjcif;r&SdcJh
MuaomaMumihf ,kHMunfol,k'vlwkdYxuf edrfhusMuonf[laom rSm;,Gif;
onfh þt,ltqukdoGefoifay;aom yk*¾dKvftcsKdU\vTrf;rkd;jcif;ukd cHcJh
&onf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;xHrS xkdokdYaomt&mukd rMum;cJhrDu &Sifayw½konf
wyg;trsKd;wdkYtm; ocifc&pfawmfü wef;wl&nfwlnDtpfukdrsm;tjzpf
vufcHí olwkdYESihftwlwuG pm;aomufcJhygonf/ okdYaomf? &Sifayw½k
onf þrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;\ Ncdrf;ajcmufrIukdcH&í ukd,fhukd,fukd
,kHMunfolwyg;trsKd;wkdYESihf oD;jcm;aecJhonf (i,f 12)/
,kHMunfoltokdif;t0kdif;ü&Sdaom &Sifayw½k\xifay:ausmfMum;
rIaMumifh olonfvlajrmufjrm;pGmukd rdrd\vrf;pOftm;vkdufavQmufMu
zkdY vTrf;rkd;EkdifcJhonf/ AmeAukd,fwkdifuyif ,kHMunfolwpfyg;trsKd;wkdYESihf
pwifcyfcGgcGgaevmcJhonf/ {0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;) ukdþokdY
arSmufvSefjcif;ESihf pnf;vkH;nDñGwfrItm; NzdKcGJjcif;onf &Sifaygvkukd tvGef
0rf;enf;aMuuGJapcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf u,fwifjcif;ü wyg;trsKd;
wkdYukd wef;wl&nfwlulazmfavmifzufrsm;tjzpf vufcHcJhaMumif;ukd
&Sifayw½kodcJhygonf/ u,fwifjcif;onf arma&S\ynwfw&m;tm;jzihf
r&&SdEkdifaMumif;ukd olodcJhygaomfvnf; þt&mukd rdrd\toufwm
&SifoefykHESihf ykHOyrmtm;jzihf oufaorxlcJhyg/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½Iwpfyg;wnf;ü uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfjcif;
tm;jzihf u,fwifjcif;cHMu&aMumif;ukd ,kHMunfMuonf[k ajymqkdMu
42 43&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
aomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYonf toufwmajymif;vJvmaom vlopfrsm;
tay:ü tjcm;wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ukd rnfokdYrMumcPwifwwfMuyg
oenf;/ ocifc&pfawmfü ,kHMunfolvlcsif;uJhokdY vufcHEkdif&eftwGuf
uREkfyfwkdYonfolwkdYtm; rnfonfht&mukd ,kHMunf&rnf? rnfokdYaexkdif
&SifoefzkdYvkdtyfonf? rnfolESihfqufqHaygif;oif;zkdYvkdtyfonf ponf
jzifhajymjywwfMuonf/
wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf u,fwifjcif;w&m;a'oemukd ,kHMunf
vufcHMuí? toif;awmfxJü aygif;pnf;cH&onfukd jrifawGU&zdkY &Sifaygvk
onfrdrd\toufwmukd qufuyfjr§KyfESHxm;ygonf/ wyg;trsKd;wkdYESihf
twl,SOfwGJaexkdifzkdY &Sifayw½k\jiif;qefrIonf &Sifaygvkukda'goxGuf
apcJhonf/ taMumif;rSm olonfor®mw&m;ESihf a&SUaemufukdufnDrIr
aMumihfjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkonf &Sifayw½kukd ]]xkdoltaygif;wkdYa&SUrSm}}
tjypfazmfqkH;rzkdY wkHYqkdif;raecJhyg (i,f 12? 14)/
þae&m&Sd &Sifaygvk\tusKd;oihftaMumif;oihf jiif;ckHaqG;aEG;
csufonftvGefta&;BuD;onf/ &Sifaygvku &Sifayw½ktm; 4if;\a&SU
aemufrnDñGwfrIukd today;jcif;jzihfpwifcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku ]]oifonf
,k'vljzpfvQufyif wpfyg;trsKd;wkdY\ xkH;pHtwkdif;usifh\}} [kajymcJhonf/
&Sifaygvku rnfonfht&mukd ajymaeygoenf;/ &Sifaygvku &Sifayw½k
tm;olonf Zmwdtm;jzihf ,k'vlrsKd;jzpfaomfvnf; ,k'vlrsKd;wkdY\
yGJvrf;tcrf;tem;ESihfvnf;aumif;? tpm;taomufESihfvnf;aumif;
qkdifaomynwfrsm;ESihftnD raexkdifcJhaMumif; today;aecJhygonf/
olonf bk&m;ociftm;jzifhþpnf;rsOf;enf;Oya'orsm;rS vTwfjcif;ukd
cHcJh&NyD;jzpfonf (rmuk 7;18-19? wrefawmf 10;9-22)/ &Sifayw½k
onf ukd,fwkdifu,k'vlrsKd;wpfOD;uJhokdY raexkdifaomfvnf;? ,k'vlrsKd;
wkdY\"avhxkH;wrf;ukd wyg;trsKd;wkdYtay:ü jy|mef;oGwfoGif;aeygonf/
olwkdYonf ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;ESihf oD;jcm;cGJí pm;aomuf&rnfhtaMumif;
awmif;qkdaeygonf/
&Sifayw½k\toufwm&SifoefykHonf or®mw&m;ESihfom a&SU
aemufrnDonfomr[kwf? olonf rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;ESihf rSm;,Gif;
aomt,l0g'ukdvnf; cGeftm;ay;&ma&mufaeygonf/ &Sifayw½ku
rdrd\pdwfESvkH;ü arma&S\ynwfw&m;ukdapmifhxdef;jcif;tm;jzihf rnfolrQ
u,fwifjcif;rcH&aMumif;ukdvnf;aumif;? u,fwifjcif;onf um;wkdif
xufü ocifa,½IjyKvkyfcJhaom trIawmftm;jzihfomjzpfwnfaMumif;ukd
vnf;aumif;odaecJhygonf/ ]]ynwfw&m;\tusifhtm;jzihf vlonf
ajzmifhrwf&mokdYra&muf? odkYaomfa,½Ic&pfukd ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihfom
ajzmifhrwf&mokdYa&mufaMumif;odMu\}} (i,f 16)/ wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHrS
&Sifayw½koD;jcm;cGJaecJhjcif;onf ,k'vlrsKd;ESihf wyg;trsKd;wkdYMum;ü
pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;ukd tm;ay;&ma&mufcJhí ocifc&pfawmf\trIawmf
tm;jzihf ,k'vlrsKd;wkdYESihf wyg;trsKd;wkdY\ wef;wl&nfwl&Sdjcif;ESihf pyfvsOf;
aom xif&Sm;jywfom;onfhoGefoifrIukdvnf; xdckdufapcJhonf[k
xifrSwf&onf/
arma&S\ynwfw&m;tm; apmifhxdef;jcif;ukd tm;ay;jr§ifhwif
cJhaomolrsm;u pkd;&drfcJhaomtcsufwpfcsufrSm vlwpfa,mufonf
ynwfcsufrsm;rSvGwfNidrf;cJhvQif bk&m;tvkdawmfESihfnDaom toufwm
jzihf aexkdif&ef olYudktm;ay;qGJaqmifaomt&mrsm;&Sdawmhrnfr[kwf
[laom tcsufjzpfonf/ olwkdYu ynwfw&m;rSvGwfajrmufjcif;onf
,kHMunfolrsm;tv,fü tjypfvGefusL;aomtoufwmrsm;ESihf
pnf;urf;rJhaom toufwmrsm;ukd tm;ay;jr§ifhwifay;ygvdrfhrnf[k
44 45&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
aomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYonf toufwmajymif;vJvmaom vlopfrsm;
tay:ü tjcm;wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ukd rnfokdYrMumcPwifwwfMuyg
oenf;/ ocifc&pfawmfü ,kHMunfolvlcsif;uJhokdY vufcHEkdif&eftwGuf
uREkfyfwkdYonfolwkdYtm; rnfonfht&mukd ,kHMunf&rnf? rnfokdYaexkdif
&SifoefzkdYvkdtyfonf? rnfolESihfqufqHaygif;oif;zkdYvkdtyfonf ponf
jzifhajymjywwfMuonf/
wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf u,fwifjcif;w&m;a'oemukd ,kHMunf
vufcHMuí? toif;awmfxJü aygif;pnf;cH&onfukd jrifawGU&zdkY &Sifaygvk
onfrdrd\toufwmukd qufuyfjr§KyfESHxm;ygonf/ wyg;trsKd;wkdYESihf
twl,SOfwGJaexkdifzkdY &Sifayw½k\jiif;qefrIonf &Sifaygvkukda'goxGuf
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aMumihfjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkonf &Sifayw½kukd ]]xkdoltaygif;wkdYa&SUrSm}}
tjypfazmfqkH;rzkdY wkHYqkdif;raecJhyg (i,f 12? 14)/
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aemufrnDñGwfrIukd today;jcif;jzihfpwifcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku ]]oifonf
,k'vljzpfvQufyif wpfyg;trsKd;wkdY\ xkH;pHtwkdif;usifh\}} [kajymcJhonf/
&Sifaygvku rnfonfht&mukd ajymaeygoenf;/ &Sifaygvku &Sifayw½k
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yGJvrf;tcrf;tem;ESihfvnf;aumif;? tpm;taomufESihfvnf;aumif;
qkdifaomynwfrsm;ESihftnD raexkdifcJhaMumif; today;aecJhygonf/
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onf ukd,fwkdifu,k'vlrsKd;wpfOD;uJhokdY raexkdifaomfvnf;? ,k'vlrsKd;
wkdY\"avhxkH;wrf;ukd wyg;trsKd;wkdYtay:ü jy|mef;oGwfoGif;aeygonf/
olwkdYonf ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;ESihf oD;jcm;cGJí pm;aomuf&rnfhtaMumif;
awmif;qkdaeygonf/
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aomt,l0g'ukdvnf; cGeftm;ay;&ma&mufaeygonf/ &Sifayw½ku
rdrd\pdwfESvkH;ü arma&S\ynwfw&m;ukdapmifhxdef;jcif;tm;jzihf rnfolrQ
u,fwifjcif;rcH&aMumif;ukdvnf;aumif;? u,fwifjcif;onf um;wkdif
xufü ocifa,½IjyKvkyfcJhaom trIawmftm;jzihfomjzpfwnfaMumif;ukd
vnf;aumif;odaecJhygonf/ ]]ynwfw&m;\tusifhtm;jzihf vlonf
ajzmifhrwf&mokdYra&muf? odkYaomfa,½Ic&pfukd ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihfom
ajzmifhrwf&mokdYa&mufaMumif;odMu\}} (i,f 16)/ wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHrS
&Sifayw½koD;jcm;cGJaecJhjcif;onf ,k'vlrsKd;ESihf wyg;trsKd;wkdYMum;ü
pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;ukd tm;ay;&ma&mufcJhí ocifc&pfawmf\trIawmf
tm;jzihf ,k'vlrsKd;wkdYESihf wyg;trsKd;wkdY\ wef;wl&nfwl&Sdjcif;ESihf pyfvsOf;
aom xif&Sm;jywfom;onfhoGefoifrIukdvnf; xdckdufapcJhonf[k
xifrSwf&onf/
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cJhaomolrsm;u pkd;&drfcJhaomtcsufwpfcsufrSm vlwpfa,mufonf
ynwfcsufrsm;rSvGwfNidrf;cJhvQif bk&m;tvkdawmfESihfnDaom toufwm
jzihf aexkdif&ef olYudktm;ay;qGJaqmifaomt&mrsm;&Sdawmhrnfr[kwf
[laom tcsufjzpfonf/ olwkdYu ynwfw&m;rSvGwfajrmufjcif;onf
,kHMunfolrsm;tv,fü tjypfvGefusL;aomtoufwmrsm;ESihf
pnf;urf;rJhaom toufwmrsm;ukd tm;ay;jr§ifhwifay;ygvdrfhrnf[k
44 45&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
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u,fwifjcif;tjyif arma&S\ ynwfw&m;tm;apmifhxdef;jcif;ukd
r&ruwkdufwGef;aeMujcif;jzpfonf/
þ,kHMunfcsufukd &Sifaygvku pdefac:cJhonf/ ocifc&pfawmf
onf ynwfw&m;rygaom u,fwifjcif;ukd ay;oem;zkdYqif;<uvm
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aeolwpfa,mufjzpfonf[k qkdvkdygovm; (i,f 17)/ þt,ltqukd
&Sifaygvkjyif;jyif;xefxef uefYuGufcJhonf/ ]]xkdokdYrjzpfEkdif&m}} [kajym
cJhonf/ trSefqkd&vQif þt&mESihfqefYusifbufjzpfonf/ ocifc&pf
awmfonf ynwfw&m;urvkyfaqmifEkdifcJhaom tjypf'kp½kdufukdatmif
Ekdifjcif;tm; uREkfyfwkdYukday;oem;&ef <uqif;vmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
ukd,fawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYukdtwGif;o@mefü ajymif;vJ&efqif;<uvmcJh
onf/ ynwfw&m;onf vlwpfa,muf\pdwfESvkH;ukd rajymif;vJapEkdif
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tjypf&Sdjcif;ukdvnf;aumif;? xkdpdwfESvHk;u vkdtyfaeaomt&mukd
vnf;aumif; azmfxkwfjyoay;jcif;jzpfonf/
arma&S\ynwfw&m;ukd u,fwifjcif;twGuf enf;vrf;wpfck
tjzpf b,faomtcgurQ r&nf&G,fcJhyg/ u,fwifjcif;onf aemifw&
jcif;ESihf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihfom tNrJjzpfwnfcJhonf (qmvH 51;14-
17? [AuúKwf 2;4)/ ynwfw&m;onf vlYpdwfESvkH;xJrS tjypf'kp½kduf
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wpfyg;tm; uREkfyfwkdYvdktyfaMumif;ukd jyoay;&ef MunfhrSefwpfcsyfuJhokdY
omjzpfonf/ þpdwfESvkH;ajymif;vJjcif;ukd vkyfaqmifzkdYocifa,½I
qif;<uvmcJhygonf/
&Sifaygvkonf þajymif;vJjcif;ukd rdrd\toufwmü BuHKawGU
cHpm;cJhonf/
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okdYaomfvnf;touf&Sifao;\/ xkdokdYqkdaomf? igonf ukd,fwkdif
r&Sif? c&pfawmfonf igü&Sifawmfrl\/ ukd,fcE¨mü,ckig&Sif
aomtoufonf bk&m;ocif\om;awmfukd ,kHMunfjcif;tm;
jzifhwnf\/ om;awmfonf ighukdcspfí ightbkdY ukd,fukdukd,f
pGefYawmfrl\/}} (i,f 20)
&Sifaygvkonf topfaomtoufwmukd owdjyKrdcJhonf/
&Sifaygvkonf olYxHrSbk&m;ocifarQmfvifhxm;aomtoufwmukd
&Sifoef&ef topfaomcGeftm;ESihf wefckd;tpGrf;wpfckukd awGUBuHKcHpm;
cJhonf/ olonfocifc&pfawmf\ 0dnmOfawmfaexkdifudef;0yfEkdifaom
ypönf;wefqmwefckjzpfonf/ olonfrdrdtxJü ocifa,½Iukd aexkdif
udef;0yfzkdY cGihfjyKonfESihftrQ tjypfusL;vGefvkdaeaomol\ pdwfqE´rSm
usKd;yJhaMurGoGm;ygonf/ olonfrdrd\cGeftm;jzpfaom ocifc&pfawmf
tm;jzihf t&mcyfodrf;ukd jyKvkyfEkdifcJhaMumif;ukd oabmaygufcJhonf
(zdvdyÜd 4;13)/ ,ckol&Sifoefaeaomtoufwmonf ,cifuol&Sifoef
cJhaom ynwfw&m;apmifhxdef;jcif;ukd OD;pm;ay;vGef;aom toufwmESihf
tvGefuGJjym;jcm;em;cJhonf/ þtopfaomtoufwmonf olYtxJü
ocifa,½Iu vkyfaqmifaeaomt&mü ,kHMunfaeaomtoufwmjzpf
onf (i,f 20)/ vGefcJhaomtcsdefwGif &Sifaygvk\,kHMunfjcif;onf
bk&m;ociftwGuf olvkyfaqmifay;Ekdifaomt&mü jzpfcJhonf/ ,ck
wGifrl &Sifaygvk\pdwfcs,kHMunfrIonf olYtxJübk&m;ocifvkyfaqmif
46 47
&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k
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u,fwifjcif;tjyif arma&S\ ynwfw&m;tm;apmifhxdef;jcif;ukd
r&ruwkdufwGef;aeMujcif;jzpfonf/
þ,kHMunfcsufukd &Sifaygvku pdefac:cJhonf/ ocifc&pfawmf
onf ynwfw&m;rygaom u,fwifjcif;ukd ay;oem;zkdYqif;<uvm
cJhvQif xkdt&muocifc&pfawmfonf tjypf'kp½kdufukd tm;ay;jr§ifhwif
aeolwpfa,mufjzpfonf[k qkdvkdygovm; (i,f 17)/ þt,ltqukd
&Sifaygvkjyif;jyif;xefxef uefYuGufcJhonf/ ]]xkdokdYrjzpfEkdif&m}} [kajym
cJhonf/ trSefqkd&vQif þt&mESihfqefYusifbufjzpfonf/ ocifc&pf
awmfonf ynwfw&m;urvkyfaqmifEkdifcJhaom tjypf'kp½kdufukdatmif
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ukd,fawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYukdtwGif;o@mefü ajymif;vJ&efqif;<uvmcJh
onf/ ynwfw&m;onf vlwpfa,muf\pdwfESvkH;ukd rajymif;vJapEkdif
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tjypf&Sdjcif;ukdvnf;aumif;? xkdpdwfESvHk;u vkdtyfaeaomt&mukd
vnf;aumif; azmfxkwfjyoay;jcif;jzpfonf/
arma&S\ynwfw&m;ukd u,fwifjcif;twGuf enf;vrf;wpfck
tjzpf b,faomtcgurQ r&nf&G,fcJhyg/ u,fwifjcif;onf aemifw&
jcif;ESihf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihfom tNrJjzpfwnfcJhonf (qmvH 51;14-
17? [AuúKwf 2;4)/ ynwfw&m;onf vlYpdwfESvkH;xJrS tjypf'kp½kduf
udkxkwfazmfjyoay;í xkdpdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd ajymif;vJEkdifaom u,fwif&Sif
wpfyg;tm; uREkfyfwkdYvdktyfaMumif;ukd jyoay;&ef MunfhrSefwpfcsyfuJhokdY
omjzpfonf/ þpdwfESvkH;ajymif;vJjcif;ukd vkyfaqmifzkdYocifa,½I
qif;<uvmcJhygonf/
&Sifaygvkonf þajymif;vJjcif;ukd rdrd\toufwmü BuHKawGU
cHpm;cJhonf/
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okdYaomfvnf;touf&Sifao;\/ xkdokdYqkdaomf? igonf ukd,fwkdif
r&Sif? c&pfawmfonf igü&Sifawmfrl\/ ukd,fcE¨mü,ckig&Sif
aomtoufonf bk&m;ocif\om;awmfukd ,kHMunfjcif;tm;
jzifhwnf\/ om;awmfonf ighukdcspfí ightbkdY ukd,fukdukd,f
pGefYawmfrl\/}} (i,f 20)
&Sifaygvkonf topfaomtoufwmukd owdjyKrdcJhonf/
&Sifaygvkonf olYxHrSbk&m;ocifarQmfvifhxm;aomtoufwmukd
&Sifoef&ef topfaomcGeftm;ESihf wefckd;tpGrf;wpfckukd awGUBuHKcHpm;
cJhonf/ olonfocifc&pfawmf\ 0dnmOfawmfaexkdifudef;0yfEkdifaom
ypönf;wefqmwefckjzpfonf/ olonfrdrdtxJü ocifa,½Iukd aexkdif
udef;0yfzkdY cGihfjyKonfESihftrQ tjypfusL;vGefvkdaeaomol\ pdwfqE´rSm
usKd;yJhaMurGoGm;ygonf/ olonfrdrd\cGeftm;jzpfaom ocifc&pfawmf
tm;jzihf t&mcyfodrf;ukd jyKvkyfEkdifcJhaMumif;ukd oabmaygufcJhonf
(zdvdyÜd 4;13)/ ,ckol&Sifoefaeaomtoufwmonf ,cifuol&Sifoef
cJhaom ynwfw&m;apmifhxdef;jcif;ukd OD;pm;ay;vGef;aom toufwmESihf
tvGefuGJjym;jcm;em;cJhonf/ þtopfaomtoufwmonf olYtxJü
ocifa,½Iu vkyfaqmifaeaomt&mü ,kHMunfaeaomtoufwmjzpf
onf (i,f 20)/ vGefcJhaomtcsdefwGif &Sifaygvk\,kHMunfjcif;onf
bk&m;ociftwGuf olvkyfaqmifay;Ekdifaomt&mü jzpfcJhonf/ ,ck
wGifrl &Sifaygvk\pdwfcs,kHMunfrIonf olYtxJübk&m;ocifvkyfaqmif
46 47
&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
aeaomt&müjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\rsufarSmuf
jyKjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYodem;vnfaomtcg xkdt&monf BuD;rm;aom
ajymif;vJrIBuD;wpfckukd jzpfapygonf/ ynwfw&m;u uREkfyfwkdYvkyf&rnfh
t&mukd jyoay;cJhaomfvnf;? bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfurl uREkfyfwkdY
vkyf&rnfht&mukd vkyfEdkifzkdYpGrf;aqmifay;ygonf/ ocifa,½I\ taocH
jcif;u bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfukd ,kHMunfol\toufwmü
udef;0yf&ef wHcg;zGihfay;cJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ wefckd;awmf
ukdodem;vnfaomolrsm;u 0dnmOfawmfonf tjypfvkyfvkdaomqE´tm;
z,f&Sm;ay;onfukdvnf;aumif;? pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;ukd ckcHqD;wm;
&efaus;Zl;awmftm;ay;oem;onfukdvnf;aumif;? crnf;awmfuuREkfyf
wkdYtwGuf pDpOfcif;usif;xm;aomvrf;ü avQmufvSrf;&efÓPfynmtm;
ay;oem;onfukdvnf;aumif; odem;vnfMuonf/ ynwfw&m;\
vrf;pOfrS vGwfajrmufjcif;onf tjypf'kp½kdufukd tm;ay;jr§ifhwifjcif;
rjyKyg/ tjypf'kp½kduftay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;toufwmjzihf &Sifoef&ef
bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmfukd uREkfyfwkdYodem;vnfzkdY wHcg;zGihfay;ygonf/
tcef;i,f 18 wGif &Sifaygvku &Sifayw½ktm;NydKzsufNyD;aom
t&mukd aemufwpfzefjyefvnfwnfaqmufjcif;\ rkdufrJrItaMumif;ukd
today;cJhonf/ wpfOD;wpfa,mufonf ocifc&pfawmftoufwm\
wefckd;awmfukd BuHKawGUcHpm;NyD;aemufwGif tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom ,cktouf
wmukd rnfokdYjyefoGm;EkdifcJhygoenf;/ ocifc&pfawmftoufwm\
wefckd;awmfukdvnf;aumif;? ppfrSefaomajzmifhrwfjcif;ukdvnf;aumif;
odem;vnfcJhaom ,kHMunfolwpfa,mufonf xda&mufrIr&Sdaom vlYBudK;
pm;tm;xkwfrIESifh,SOfaombmoma&;okdY jyefoGm;&efpdwfqE´&Sdaejcif;
onf &SifaygvktwGuf pdwful;üyif rawG;Ekdifaomt&mjzpfcJhonf/ c&pf
,mef toufwmqkdonfrSm rnfonfht&mjzpfonfukd uREkfyfwkdYoabm
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tvGefta&;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYxJrS tajrmuftjrm;onf usihfaqmifrI
udktrSDjyKaombmoma&;wpfckü ausmhrdaeMuygonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf
oifhwifhrSefuef aom t&mtm;vkH;ukd jyKvkyfMuonf/ oifhwifhrSefuef
aomt,l0g'rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfí oGefoifay;Muonf/ okdYaomf?
uREkfyfwkdYonf qufvufí tESpfom&uif;rJhaeMuygonf/ &Sifaygvku
c&pf,meftoufwm\vQdKU0SufcsufrSm ocifc&pfawmftm; rdrd\t
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&Sifoef ap&ef cGihfjyKjcif;jzpfaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYukdoGefoifay;xm;ygonf/
þae&m üomatmifEkdifjcif;? ppfrSefaomajzmifhrwfjcif;? Nidrfoufjcif;
wkdY&SdMu onf/ ]]ynwfw&m;ukd trSDjyKí ajzmifhrwf&mokdYa&mufEkdifvQif
c&pf awmfonf tcsnf;ESD;taocHawmfrlNyD}} (i,f 21)/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
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,aeYwGiftoif;awmfü pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;ukd rnfonfht&mu
jzpfapygoenf;/ oifESihfrwluGJjym;aom nDtpfukdarmifESr
wpfa,mufa,mufukd oifvufcHEkdifygovm;/
48 49
&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
aeaomt&müjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\rsufarSmuf
jyKjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYodem;vnfaomtcg xkdt&monf BuD;rm;aom
ajymif;vJrIBuD;wpfckukd jzpfapygonf/ ynwfw&m;u uREkfyfwkdYvkyf&rnfh
t&mukd jyoay;cJhaomfvnf;? bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfurl uREkfyfwkdY
vkyf&rnfht&mukd vkyfEdkifzkdYpGrf;aqmifay;ygonf/ ocifa,½I\ taocH
jcif;u bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfukd ,kHMunfol\toufwmü
udef;0yf&ef wHcg;zGihfay;cJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ wefckd;awmf
ukdodem;vnfaomolrsm;u 0dnmOfawmfonf tjypfvkyfvkdaomqE´tm;
z,f&Sm;ay;onfukdvnf;aumif;? pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;ukd ckcHqD;wm;
&efaus;Zl;awmftm;ay;oem;onfukdvnf;aumif;? crnf;awmfuuREkfyf
wkdYtwGuf pDpOfcif;usif;xm;aomvrf;ü avQmufvSrf;&efÓPfynmtm;
ay;oem;onfukdvnf;aumif; odem;vnfMuonf/ ynwfw&m;\
vrf;pOfrS vGwfajrmufjcif;onf tjypf'kp½kdufukd tm;ay;jr§ifhwifjcif;
rjyKyg/ tjypf'kp½kduftay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;toufwmjzihf &Sifoef&ef
bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmfukd uREkfyfwkdYodem;vnfzkdY wHcg;zGihfay;ygonf/
tcef;i,f 18 wGif &Sifaygvku &Sifayw½ktm;NydKzsufNyD;aom
t&mukd aemufwpfzefjyefvnfwnfaqmufjcif;\ rkdufrJrItaMumif;ukd
today;cJhonf/ wpfOD;wpfa,mufonf ocifc&pfawmftoufwm\
wefckd;awmfukd BuHKawGUcHpm;NyD;aemufwGif tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom ,cktouf
wmukd rnfokdYjyefoGm;EkdifcJhygoenf;/ ocifc&pfawmftoufwm\
wefckd;awmfukdvnf;aumif;? ppfrSefaomajzmifhrwfjcif;ukdvnf;aumif;
odem;vnfcJhaom ,kHMunfolwpfa,mufonf xda&mufrIr&Sdaom vlYBudK;
pm;tm;xkwfrIESifh,SOfaombmoma&;okdY jyefoGm;&efpdwfqE´&Sdaejcif;
onf &SifaygvktwGuf pdwful;üyif rawG;Ekdifaomt&mjzpfcJhonf/ c&pf
,mef toufwmqkdonfrSm rnfonfht&mjzpfonfukd uREkfyfwkdYoabm
aygufem;vnfzkdYqkdvQif þae&mü &SifaygvkoGefoifcJhaomt&monf
tvGefta&;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYxJrS tajrmuftjrm;onf usihfaqmifrI
udktrSDjyKaombmoma&;wpfckü ausmhrdaeMuygonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf
oifhwifhrSefuef aom t&mtm;vkH;ukd jyKvkyfMuonf/ oifhwifhrSefuef
aomt,l0g'rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfí oGefoifay;Muonf/ okdYaomf?
uREkfyfwkdYonf qufvufí tESpfom&uif;rJhaeMuygonf/ &Sifaygvku
c&pf,meftoufwm\vQdKU0SufcsufrSm ocifc&pfawmftm; rdrd\t
oufwmukd uREkfyfwkdYtxJü vnf;aumif;? uREkfyfwkdYtm;jzihfvnf;aumif;
&Sifoef ap&ef cGihfjyKjcif;jzpfaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYukdoGefoifay;xm;ygonf/
þae&m üomatmifEkdifjcif;? ppfrSefaomajzmifhrwfjcif;? Nidrfoufjcif;
wkdY&SdMu onf/ ]]ynwfw&m;ukd trSDjyKí ajzmifhrwf&mokdYa&mufEkdifvQif
c&pf awmfonf tcsnf;ESD;taocHawmfrlNyD}} (i,f 21)/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREfkyfwkdYonf ynwfw&m;udktrSDjyKaom {0Ha*vdw&m;
(owif;aumif;w&m;)ukdtm;ay;jr§ifhwifMuygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdY
onf,aeYwGifvlwkdYukd ,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpf vufrcHrDwGif
rnfonfh jy|mef;csufrsm;ukd olwkdYtay:ü wifxm;Muoenf;/
,aeYwGiftoif;awmfü pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;ukd rnfonfht&mu
jzpfapygoenf;/ oifESihfrwluGJjym;aom nDtpfukdarmifESr
wpfa,mufa,mufukd oifvufcHEkdifygovm;/
48 49
&Sifaygvk ESihf &Sifayw½k
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
55
55
5
ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm;ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm;
ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm;ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm;
ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm;
*vmwd 3;1-14 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkonf ,kHMunfolwkdYü&Sdaom ocifc&pfawmf\ touf
wmtaMumif;ukd *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; ajymjyaecJhygonf/
&Sifaygvku ynwfw&m;onf olwkdYukdru,fwifEkdifouJhokdY vlwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;ukdvnf; bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü rSefuefajzmihfrwf&ef rzefwD;
EkdifaMumif;today;cJhonf/ *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;u 4if;wkdYonf bk&m;
ocif\trsufawmfrS u,fwifjcif;ukdcH&zkdY ocifbk&m;ESihf4if;wkdY
ukd,fpm; ocifbk&m;uvkyfaqmifoGm;onfhtrIawmfukd vufcHzkdYvkdtyf
aMumif; oabmaygufem;vnfcJhMuygonf/ okdYaomf? jyóemrSmolwkdY
onf ocifa,½Iukd ,kHMunfjcif;jzihf vufcHNyD;aemufwGif rdrdwkdY\topf
aomc&pf,meftoufwmukd vlYBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrItm;jzihf &Sifoef&ef
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMujcif;jzpfonf/
*vmwd,kHMunfolrsm;onf þaxmifacsmufü oufqif;rdMu
aomaMumihf tb,frQrkdufrJMuonfukd &Sifaygvku today;cJhonf/
tcef;i,f 1 wGif &Sifaygvku ]]oifwkdYukdtb,foljyKpm;oenf;}} [k
bk&m;ocifukd auseyftm;&ap&ef vlom;\BudK;pm;tm;xkwf
rIESihf uREkfyfwdkYtxJrS ocifc&pfawmf\toufwmESihf wefckd;
awmfukdYMum;&Sd uGJjym;jcm;em;rIrSmtb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oihftxJü&Sdaom ukd,fawmfh0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifrIü 0efcH
tyfESHjcif;r&Sdao;aom oihftoufwm\tpdwftykdif;rsm;ukd
azmfxkwfjyoay;&ef bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
oihftoufwmrS þtpdwftykdif;rsm;ukd ukd,fawmfxHü
0efcHtyfESHyg/
bk&m;ocifukd oifh&JUBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;jzihf auseyftm;&
apEkdifygonf[k oiftrSefwu,f,kHMunfcJhaom tcsdefrsm;
twGuf oifhukdcGihfvTwfay;&ef bk&m;ocifxHü awmif;avQmuf
yg/
bk&m;ocifonf oifhukdoifjzpfwnfaeonfhtwkdif; vufcH
xm;aomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oihf&JUu,fwifjcif;
twGuf vkdtyfaomtrIt&mtm;vkH;ukd ocifa,½Iu
vkyfaqmifay;oGm;cJhaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifESihfruluGJjym;aom nDtpfukdarmifESrukd vufcHEkdif&ef ulnD
ay;zkdY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/ ukd,fawmfonf oifhukd
oif jzpfwnfaeonfhtwkdif; vufcHcJhouJhokdY olwkdYukdvnf;
olwkdY jzpfwnfaeonfhtwkdif; vufcHaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/
50
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
55
55
5
ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm;ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm;
ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm;ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm;
ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm;
*vmwd 3;1-14 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkonf ,kHMunfolwkdYü&Sdaom ocifc&pfawmf\ touf
wmtaMumif;ukd *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; ajymjyaecJhygonf/
&Sifaygvku ynwfw&m;onf olwkdYukdru,fwifEkdifouJhokdY vlwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;ukdvnf; bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü rSefuefajzmihfrwf&ef rzefwD;
EkdifaMumif;today;cJhonf/ *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;u 4if;wkdYonf bk&m;
ocif\trsufawmfrS u,fwifjcif;ukdcH&zkdY ocifbk&m;ESihf4if;wkdY
ukd,fpm; ocifbk&m;uvkyfaqmifoGm;onfhtrIawmfukd vufcHzkdYvkdtyf
aMumif; oabmaygufem;vnfcJhMuygonf/ okdYaomf? jyóemrSmolwkdY
onf ocifa,½Iukd ,kHMunfjcif;jzihf vufcHNyD;aemufwGif rdrdwkdY\topf
aomc&pf,meftoufwmukd vlYBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrItm;jzihf &Sifoef&ef
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMujcif;jzpfonf/
*vmwd,kHMunfolrsm;onf þaxmifacsmufü oufqif;rdMu
aomaMumihf tb,frQrkdufrJMuonfukd &Sifaygvku today;cJhonf/
tcef;i,f 1 wGif &Sifaygvku ]]oifwkdYukdtb,foljyKpm;oenf;}} [k
bk&m;ocifukd auseyftm;&ap&ef vlom;\BudK;pm;tm;xkwf
rIESihf uREkfyfwdkYtxJrS ocifc&pfawmf\toufwmESihf wefckd;
awmfukdYMum;&Sd uGJjym;jcm;em;rIrSmtb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oihftxJü&Sdaom ukd,fawmfh0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifrIü 0efcH
tyfESHjcif;r&Sdao;aom oihftoufwm\tpdwftykdif;rsm;ukd
azmfxkwfjyoay;&ef bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
oihftoufwmrS þtpdwftykdif;rsm;ukd ukd,fawmfxHü
0efcHtyfESHyg/
bk&m;ocifukd oifh&JUBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;jzihf auseyftm;&
apEkdifygonf[k oiftrSefwu,f,kHMunfcJhaom tcsdefrsm;
twGuf oifhukdcGihfvTwfay;&ef bk&m;ocifxHü awmif;avQmuf
yg/
bk&m;ocifonf oifhukdoifjzpfwnfaeonfhtwkdif; vufcH
xm;aomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oihf&JUu,fwifjcif;
twGuf vkdtyfaomtrIt&mtm;vkH;ukd ocifa,½Iu
vkyfaqmifay;oGm;cJhaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifESihfruluGJjym;aom nDtpfukdarmifESrukd vufcHEkdif&ef ulnD
ay;zkdY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/ ukd,fawmfonf oifhukd
oif jzpfwnfaeonfhtwkdif; vufcHcJhouJhokdY olwkdYukdvnf;
olwkdY jzpfwnfaeonfhtwkdif; vufcHaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/
50
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
ar;cJhonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomya&mzufrsm;onf ajrmufyifhajymqkdjcif;?
pum;tvuFm<u,f0aom jiif;ckHaqG;aEG;jcif;wkdYESihftwl *vmwdtoif;
om;rsm;tm; qGJaqmifí vSnfhpm;jzm;a,mif;cJhMuonf/ &Sifaygvku
*vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; vuf0g;uyfwkdifü taocHjcif;\ teuf
t"dyÜg,fukd 4if;wkdYxHü &Sif;vif;jywfom;pGm wifjya[majymcJhaMumif;
today;cJhonf/ ocifc&pfawmf\taocHjcif;onf olwkdY\tjypf
twGuftzkd;tctjynfht0ukday;cJhaMumif; &SifaygvkuolwkdYukd &Sif;vif;
jywfom;pGm oGefoifay;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/ olwkdY\u,fwifjcif;twGuf
tjcm;rnfonfht&mrQrvkdtyfawmhyg/ ynwfw&m;tm;jzihf u,fwifcH
&jcif;taMumif;ukd oGefoifay;aomolrsm;onf ocifc&pfawmf
taocHjcif;vkdtyfcJhrIukd jiif;y,faeMujcif;jzpfaMumif; olwkdYtaejzihf
&Sif;vif;pGm odaeoihfonf/ u,fwifjcif;twGufvnf;aumif;? bk&m;
ocifa&SUawmfü ajzmihfrwfaom&yfwnfrItwGufvnf;aumif; um;wkdif
xufrSocifc&pfawmfwpfyg;wnf;uom jynfhpkHvkHavmufrI&Sdjcif;ukd
jiif;y,faomt,l0g'wpfcküus½IH;cJhMuonfh *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;rSm
tb,f rQynmrJhcJhMuygoenf;/
ynwfw&m;ukd trSDjyKjcif;jzihf u,fwifjcif;cH&jcif;[laom
t,l0g'onf ocifc&pfawmf<uqif;vmzkdY vkdtyfrIukd jiif;y,fjcif;jzpf
aMumif; olwkdYtm;jyoNyD;aemufwGif &Sifaygvku bk&m;ocifh0dnmOf
awmf\ trIawmfESihfpyfvsOf;aom 4if;wkdY\tawGUtBuHKrsm;taMumif;
ukd 4if;wkdYxHüajymjycJhonf/ vGefcJhonfhaemufqkH;tcef;wGif &Sifaygvku
olwkdYukd,kHMunfolrsm;ESihf r,kHMunfolrsm;\ jcm;em;csufrSm ocifc&pf
awmf\ 0dnmOfawmfrsufarSmufjyKjcif;yifjzpfaMumif; today;cJhygonf/
olwkdYonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd rnfokdYvufcH&&SdcJhMuygoenf;/
olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ynwfcsufrsm;ukd apmifhxdef;vkdufemjcif;
tm;jzihf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd &&SdcJhMuygovm; (okdY) {0Ha*vd
w&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;) ukd,kHMunfvufcHcJhcsdefü oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfukd qkvufaqmifwpfyg;tjzpfESihf olwkdYukday;cJhygovm;
(i,f 2)/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\0dnmOfawmfukd rdrd\yuwdjynfhpkHaom
pHcsdefpHñTef;tm; jynfhrDaomolrsm;üom ay;oem;ygovm;/ *vmwd
toif;om;rsm;u xkduJhokdYr[kwfaMumif;ukd odem;vnfcJhMuygonf/ olwkdY
tv,frStcsKdUu wyg;trsKd;ZpfjrpfrSjzpfcJhMuonf/ xkdYaMumifholwkdYonf
arma&S\ynwfw&m;ESihftwl BuD;jyif;rvmcJhMuouJhokdY tvkdawmfESihf
nDaomtoufwmrsm;jzihfvnf; r&SifoefcJhMuyg/ okdYaomfolwkdYonf
bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukd odem;vnfcJhMuonf/
olwkdYonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd r&&SdrDtcsdefü yuwdjynfhpkHaom
pHcsdefpHñTef;wpfckukd jynfhrDMu&ef awmif;qkdjy|mef;cHMu&vQif olwkdY
tv,frSrnfolurQ 0dnmOfawmfukd b,faomtcgwGifrQ &&SdcJhMuvdrfh
rnfr[kwfyg/
&Sifaygvkonf *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmfukd bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmifwpfyg;tjzpfESihf 4if;wkdYtm;ay;oem;
cJhaMumif; today;cJhonf (i,f 3)/ olwkdYonf xkdufwefrIr&SdMuaomf
52 53ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
ar;cJhonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomya&mzufrsm;onf ajrmufyifhajymqkdjcif;?
pum;tvuFm<u,f0aom jiif;ckHaqG;aEG;jcif;wkdYESihftwl *vmwdtoif;
om;rsm;tm; qGJaqmifí vSnfhpm;jzm;a,mif;cJhMuonf/ &Sifaygvku
*vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; vuf0g;uyfwkdifü taocHjcif;\ teuf
t"dyÜg,fukd 4if;wkdYxHü &Sif;vif;jywfom;pGm wifjya[majymcJhaMumif;
today;cJhonf/ ocifc&pfawmf\taocHjcif;onf olwkdY\tjypf
twGuftzkd;tctjynfht0ukday;cJhaMumif; &SifaygvkuolwkdYukd &Sif;vif;
jywfom;pGm oGefoifay;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/ olwkdY\u,fwifjcif;twGuf
tjcm;rnfonfht&mrQrvkdtyfawmhyg/ ynwfw&m;tm;jzihf u,fwifcH
&jcif;taMumif;ukd oGefoifay;aomolrsm;onf ocifc&pfawmf
taocHjcif;vkdtyfcJhrIukd jiif;y,faeMujcif;jzpfaMumif; olwkdYtaejzihf
&Sif;vif;pGm odaeoihfonf/ u,fwifjcif;twGufvnf;aumif;? bk&m;
ocifa&SUawmfü ajzmihfrwfaom&yfwnfrItwGufvnf;aumif; um;wkdif
xufrSocifc&pfawmfwpfyg;wnf;uom jynfhpkHvkHavmufrI&Sdjcif;ukd
jiif;y,faomt,l0g'wpfcküus½IH;cJhMuonfh *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;rSm
tb,f rQynmrJhcJhMuygoenf;/
ynwfw&m;ukd trSDjyKjcif;jzihf u,fwifjcif;cH&jcif;[laom
t,l0g'onf ocifc&pfawmf<uqif;vmzkdY vkdtyfrIukd jiif;y,fjcif;jzpf
aMumif; olwkdYtm;jyoNyD;aemufwGif &Sifaygvku bk&m;ocifh0dnmOf
awmf\ trIawmfESihfpyfvsOf;aom 4if;wkdY\tawGUtBuHKrsm;taMumif;
ukd 4if;wkdYxHüajymjycJhonf/ vGefcJhonfhaemufqkH;tcef;wGif &Sifaygvku
olwkdYukd,kHMunfolrsm;ESihf r,kHMunfolrsm;\ jcm;em;csufrSm ocifc&pf
awmf\ 0dnmOfawmfrsufarSmufjyKjcif;yifjzpfaMumif; today;cJhygonf/
olwkdYonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd rnfokdYvufcH&&SdcJhMuygoenf;/
olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ynwfcsufrsm;ukd apmifhxdef;vkdufemjcif;
tm;jzihf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd &&SdcJhMuygovm; (okdY) {0Ha*vd
w&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;) ukd,kHMunfvufcHcJhcsdefü oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfukd qkvufaqmifwpfyg;tjzpfESihf olwkdYukday;cJhygovm;
(i,f 2)/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\0dnmOfawmfukd rdrd\yuwdjynfhpkHaom
pHcsdefpHñTef;tm; jynfhrDaomolrsm;üom ay;oem;ygovm;/ *vmwd
toif;om;rsm;u xkduJhokdYr[kwfaMumif;ukd odem;vnfcJhMuygonf/ olwkdY
tv,frStcsKdUu wyg;trsKd;ZpfjrpfrSjzpfcJhMuonf/ xkdYaMumifholwkdYonf
arma&S\ynwfw&m;ESihftwl BuD;jyif;rvmcJhMuouJhokdY tvkdawmfESihf
nDaomtoufwmrsm;jzihfvnf; r&SifoefcJhMuyg/ okdYaomfolwkdYonf
bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukd odem;vnfcJhMuonf/
olwkdYonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd r&&SdrDtcsdefü yuwdjynfhpkHaom
pHcsdefpHñTef;wpfckukd jynfhrDMu&ef awmif;qkdjy|mef;cHMu&vQif olwkdY
tv,frSrnfolurQ 0dnmOfawmfukd b,faomtcgwGifrQ &&SdcJhMuvdrfh
rnfr[kwfyg/
&Sifaygvkonf *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmfukd bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmifwpfyg;tjzpfESihf 4if;wkdYtm;ay;oem;
cJhaMumif; today;cJhonf (i,f 3)/ olwkdYonf xkdufwefrIr&SdMuaomf
52 53ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
vnf; bk&m;ocifxHrS þtHhzG,fvufaqmifukd &&SdcJhMuonf(a&mr 8;9?
1aum 12;13)/ olwkdYonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd &&SdzkdYrnfonfh
t&mrS vkyfaqmifzkdYrvkdcJhyg/ owfrSwfxm;aom pHcsdefpHñTef;wpfckukd
vnf; jynfhrDzkdYrvkdtyfcJhyg/ olwkdYtopfawGU&Sdxm;aom bk&m;ocifESihf
qufqH&if;ESD;jcif;ukd wHqdyfcwfESdyf&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif
jy|mef;xm;aom toufwmukd&SifoefEkdifMuap&ef olwkdYukdpGrf;aqmif
ay;zkdYtwGufvnf;aumif; oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocif
xHrSvmaom vufaqmifwpfyg;jzpfcJhonf/
oifonfwpfpkHwpfa,mufukd 4if;wkdYvkdtyfvQuf&Sdaeonfh t&m
tm;vufaqmiftjzpfay;cJhaomfvnf; xdkolonf xkdvufaqmifukdvufcH
&&SdNyD;aemufwGif tokH;rjyKyJ pifay:üwifxm;onfhtjzpfukd BuHKzl;yg
ovm;/ *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;onf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;
þtwkdif;yif jyKrlaecJhMuonf/ olwkdYrSwqifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf
udktvkyfvkyf&efcGihfjyKay;zkdYroif,lcJhMuyg/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;
rnfokdYemcH&rnfukd roif,lcJhMuyg/ olwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\toufwmü
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;jcif;ESihf pGrf;aqmifay;
jcif;wkdYukd tenf;i,fomcHpm;em;vnfcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmfukd yDwdpdwfESifh&Ipm; &eftwGufpifwpfckay:ü wifxm;
MuNyD;? toufwmukdvkyf½dk;vkyfpOftwkdif;&Sifoefí rdrdwkdY\um,
cGeftm;? ÓPcGeftm;wkdYukdtokH;jyKcJhMuonf/ þvkyf&yfonf bk&m;
ocifukd apmfum;jcif;r[kwfygvm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmf\vrf;jyOD;aqmifjcif;ESihf vkyfykdifcGihftm;ay;jcif;wkdYukd vkdtyfMu
aomaMumifh bk&m;ocifurdrd\0dnmOfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;ay;xm;
jcif;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfawmfukd ausmay;í uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,f
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ygvdrfhrnf/ ynwfw&m;\enf;vrf;tm;jzihf rnfolrQbk&m;ocifESihf
oifhjrwfEkdifcJhrnfr[kwfyg (i,f 11)/
þt&mukd ajymqkdNyD;aemuf? &Sifaygvkonf*vmwdtoif;om;
rsm;tm; ynwfw&m;tm;jzihfr[kwfaom bk&m;ocif\u,fwifjcif;
tBuHtpnfukd today;cJhonf/ ]]ajzmihfrwf&müwnfaomolonf
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf touf&Sifvdrfhrnf}} [k [AuúKwf 2;4 ukd ukd;um;
&if;olwkdYukdajymjycJhonf/ olwkdYukdynwfw&m;\ usdefjcif;rSu,fwif&ef
ocifa,½Iqif;<uvmcJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; olwkdYukdtoday;cJhonf/ ukd,f
awmfonf ynwfw&m;\usdefjcif;ukd rdrdtay:üwifaqmifNyD;? uREkfyf
wkdY\ukd,fwkdifBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrygaom u,fwifjcif;wpfyg;ukd vlwkdY
tm;ay;oem;cJhonf/ um;wkdifxufü rdrd\taocHjcif;jzihf ukd,fawmf
onf tjypfvTwfjcif;twGuf w&m;0ifenf;vrf;wpfvrf;ukd pDpOfay;cJh
NyD;? bk&m;ocifhtrsufawmf\usdefjcif;rS vGwfajrmufjcif;ukdvnf;ay;cJh
onf/ ocifc&pfawmftaocHjcif;tm;jzihf wyg;trsKd;rsm;yifvQif bk&m;
ocifESihf qufqH&if;ESD;rIü yg0ifvmEkdifMuNyD;? tmjA[H\,kHMunfjcif;
ykHOyrmü t&if;cHaom0dnmOfa&;rdom;pk\ tpdwftykdif;jzpfvmEkdifcJh
Muonf (i,f 14)/
&Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYtaejzihf
,kHMunfjcif;jzihf &Sifoef&efrSm bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufjzpfaMumif;
today;cJhonf/ ynwfw&m;u rnfonfharQmfvifhcsufukdrQ ray;Ekdifyg/
olwkdY\wpfckwnf;aom arQmfvifhcsufrSm olwkdYukd,fpm;ocifc&pfawmf
vkyfaqmifoGm;cJhaom trIawmfüjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifESihfqufqH&if;ESD;
cGihf&&Sd&eftwGuf olwkdY\pdwfcs,kHMunfrIukd olwkdYtwGufocifa,½I
vkyfaqmifoGm;cJhaomt&mü &SmawGUcJhMu&ayrnf/ olwkdYonf ukd,fawmf
ütjynfht0tjypfvTwfjcif;ukdcH&í tjynfht0vufcHtodtrSwfjyKjcif;
ukdcHcJhMu&onf/ aemufxyfolwkdYvkyfaqmifEkdifonfh rnfonfht&murQ
þxufykdí vufcHtodtrSwfjyKjcif;cH&zkdY rpGrf;aqmifEkdifyg/
olwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf olwkdY\touf
wmü&Sdaom bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\trIawmfüvnf;&Sd&rnfjzpfonf/
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihfbk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfukdvufcH&&SdMuonfESihf
tnD ,ckwGifolwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\toufwmü xkd0dnmOfawmf\vIyf&Sm;
vkyfaqmifrIukd ,kHMunfukd;pm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ olwkdY\pdwfESvHk;twGif;
üxkd0dnmOfawmf\vkyfaqmifaeaomtrIawmfü,kHMunfjcif;jzihf 0efcH
tyfESH&rnfjzpfNyD; &Sifoefjcif;twGufvnf;aumif;? 4if;wkdY\tokH;
awmfcHrIESihf bk&m;ocifESihfqufqH&if;ESD;rIwkdYü BuD;xGm;jcif;twGufvnf;
aumif; rdrdwkdY\cGeftm;ESihf vkyfykdifcGihfay;tyfcH&jcif;wkdYukd ukd,fawmf
wpfyg;wnf;üom&SmBuHMu&rnfjzpfonf/ olwkdYudk u,fwifjcif;ay;em;zkdY
olwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;onf ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifoGm;cJhaomtrIawmf
tay:ü&Sd&rnfjzpfouJhokdY? xkdu,fwifjcif;ukd olwkdY\aeYpOfawGUBuHKrI
rsm;ü vufawGUtaumiftxnfazmfEkdif&eftwGuf pGrf;aqmifay;&ef
ukd,fawmf&Sif\0dnmOfawmfukd ,kHMunfjcif;&Sd&rnfjzpfonf/
ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm;58 59
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oifonfbk&m;ocif\ vufcHtodtrSwfjyKjcif;ukdcH&zdkY ykdí
tokH;awmfcH&rnf? ykdí,kHMunf&rnf? ,kHMunfjcif;ykdí&Sd&rnf[k
cHpm;zl;ygovm;/ þt&mESihfywfoufí þusrf;csufurnfokdY
ajymqkdxm;ygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\0dnmOfawmfukd oihftm;tb,faMumihf
ay;cJhygoenf;/ oihf&JUomoemvkyfief;ESihf tapcHjcif;wGif
oifonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm; rnfonfhtwkdif;twm
txd rSDckdtm;xm;ygoenf;/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu oifhukdOD;aqmifaeaMumif; oif
owdjyKcHpm;zl;ygovm;/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\vIyf&Sm;
vkyfaqmifjcif;ESihf oifh&JUukd,fykdifÓPfynmjzihf BudK;pm;
tm;xkwfrIwkdYMum;&Sd uGJjym;jcm;em;csufukd oifodem;vnfcJhyg
ovm;/
ykdívufcHtodtrSwfjyKjcif;ukdcH&zkdY BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;jzihf
bk&m;ocifukd tapcHjcif;ESifh tjynfht0vufcHtodtrSwfjyK
cH&xm;onf[laom pdwfoabmxm;jzihf bk&m;ocifukd tapcH
jcif;wkdY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrSm tb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ vrf;jyOD;aqmifjcif;ESihf vkyfykdifcGihf
tmPmay;jcif;wkdYukd oifowdrjyKrdcJhaomtcsdefrsm;twGuf
cGihfvTwfay;&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifonf oihfukdocifc&pfawmfü t<uif;rJhvufcHtod
trSwfjyKcJhaMumif;ukd em;vnfzdkY oifysufuGufcJhaomtcsdefrsm;
twGuf cGihfvTwfay;&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifonf oifhukdtjynfht0vufcHtodtrSwfjyKaom
aMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ cspfjcif;? qufuyfjr§KyfESHxm;
jcif;wkdYjzihf tokH;awmfcHEkdif&ef oihfukdpGrf;aqmifay;zkdYukd
ukd,fawmfhukd awmif;avQmufyg/
60 61ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oifonfbk&m;ocif\ vufcHtodtrSwfjyKjcif;ukdcH&zdkY ykdí
tokH;awmfcH&rnf? ykdí,kHMunf&rnf? ,kHMunfjcif;ykdí&Sd&rnf[k
cHpm;zl;ygovm;/ þt&mESihfywfoufí þusrf;csufurnfokdY
ajymqkdxm;ygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\0dnmOfawmfukd oihftm;tb,faMumihf
ay;cJhygoenf;/ oihf&JUomoemvkyfief;ESihf tapcHjcif;wGif
oifonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm; rnfonfhtwkdif;twm
txd rSDckdtm;xm;ygoenf;/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu oifhukdOD;aqmifaeaMumif; oif
owdjyKcHpm;zl;ygovm;/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\vIyf&Sm;
vkyfaqmifjcif;ESihf oifh&JUukd,fykdifÓPfynmjzihf BudK;pm;
tm;xkwfrIwkdYMum;&Sd uGJjym;jcm;em;csufukd oifodem;vnfcJhyg
ovm;/
ykdívufcHtodtrSwfjyKjcif;ukdcH&zkdY BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;jzihf
bk&m;ocifukd tapcHjcif;ESifh tjynfht0vufcHtodtrSwfjyK
cH&xm;onf[laom pdwfoabmxm;jzihf bk&m;ocifukd tapcH
jcif;wkdY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrSm tb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ vrf;jyOD;aqmifjcif;ESihf vkyfykdifcGihf
tmPmay;jcif;wkdYukd oifowdrjyKrdcJhaomtcsdefrsm;twGuf
cGihfvTwfay;&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifonf oihfukdocifc&pfawmfü t<uif;rJhvufcHtod
trSwfjyKcJhaMumif;ukd em;vnfzdkY oifysufuGufcJhaomtcsdefrsm;
twGuf cGihfvTwfay;&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifonf oifhukdtjynfht0vufcHtodtrSwfjyKaom
aMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ cspfjcif;? qufuyfjr§KyfESHxm;
jcif;wkdYjzihf tokH;awmfcHEkdif&ef oihfukdpGrf;aqmifay;zkdYukd
ukd,fawmfhukd awmif;avQmufyg/
60 61ynwfw&m;vm;? ,kHMunfjcif;vm;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
66
66
6
ynwfw&m;\ &nf&G,fcsufynwfw&m;\ &nf&G,fcsuf
ynwfw&m;\ &nf&G,fcsufynwfw&m;\ &nf&G,fcsuf
ynwfw&m;\ &nf&G,fcsuf
*vmwd 3;15-29 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkonf *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonf,kHMunf
jcif;jzihfom u,fwifjcif;cHMu&onfr[kwf? tvm;wl,kHMunfjcif;jzihf
vnf;&SifoefMuzkdY vkdtyfaMumif;ajymqkdaecJhygonf/ olwkdYonfynwf
w&m;tm;jzihf vkH;vkH;u,fwifjcif;r&EkdifaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/
okdYaomf þtcsufonf ynwfw&m;\&nf&G,fcsufukd vGJrSm;pGmoabm
aygufxm;MuNyD;? u,fwifjcif;onf ynwfw&m;ukdapmifhxdef;jcif;jzihf
vnf;aumif;? tmjA[H\aoG;&if;rsKd;qufrsm;jzpfjcif;tm;jzihf vnf;
aumif; &&SdMu&onf[kxifrSwfaeaom ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf jyóem
jzpfapcJhonf/ ynwfw&m;tm; vdkufemusifhMuHjcif;rygbJ vlwkdYukd
u,fwif&efrSm bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufjzpfcJhvQif udk,fawmfonf
arma&S\ynwfw&m;ukd tb,fhaMumifhay;cJhygoenf;/ &Sifaygvku
þar;cGef;ukd rdrdpmapmif\þtykdif;wGif vdyfrlajymqkdxm;ygonf/
wrefawmfBuD;onf bk&m;ocifu tmjA[HESihf4if;\rsKd;quf
rsm;xHüay;cJhaom y#dnmOfw&m;jzihftpjyKcJhonf/ þy#dnmOfw&m;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
66
66
6
ynwfw&m;\ &nf&G,fcsufynwfw&m;\ &nf&G,fcsuf
ynwfw&m;\ &nf&G,fcsufynwfw&m;\ &nf&G,fcsuf
ynwfw&m;\ &nf&G,fcsuf
*vmwd 3;15-29 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkonf *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonf,kHMunf
jcif;jzihfom u,fwifjcif;cHMu&onfr[kwf? tvm;wl,kHMunfjcif;jzihf
vnf;&SifoefMuzkdY vkdtyfaMumif;ajymqkdaecJhygonf/ olwkdYonfynwf
w&m;tm;jzihf vkH;vkH;u,fwifjcif;r&EkdifaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/
okdYaomf þtcsufonf ynwfw&m;\&nf&G,fcsufukd vGJrSm;pGmoabm
aygufxm;MuNyD;? u,fwifjcif;onf ynwfw&m;ukdapmifhxdef;jcif;jzihf
vnf;aumif;? tmjA[H\aoG;&if;rsKd;qufrsm;jzpfjcif;tm;jzihf vnf;
aumif; &&SdMu&onf[kxifrSwfaeaom ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf jyóem
jzpfapcJhonf/ ynwfw&m;tm; vdkufemusifhMuHjcif;rygbJ vlwkdYukd
u,fwif&efrSm bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufjzpfcJhvQif udk,fawmfonf
arma&S\ynwfw&m;ukd tb,fhaMumifhay;cJhygoenf;/ &Sifaygvku
þar;cGef;ukd rdrdpmapmif\þtykdif;wGif vdyfrlajymqkdxm;ygonf/
wrefawmfBuD;onf bk&m;ocifu tmjA[HESihf4if;\rsKd;quf
rsm;xHüay;cJhaom y#dnmOfw&m;jzihftpjyKcJhonf/ þy#dnmOfw&m;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm64 65ynwfw&m;\ &nf&G,fcsuf
onf ,k'bmomtwGuf tcsuftcsmusaomt&mjzpfonf/ ,k'vlrsKd;
rsm;onf rdrdwkdYukd,fukd txl;rdom;pkwpfck\tpdwftykdif;rsm;tjzpf
½IjrifcJhMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;twGuf olwkdYukd
tmjA[H\acwfumvrSpí oD;oefYcGJxkwfxm;cJhonf[k ½IjrifcJhMuonf/
okdYaomf&Sifaygvku ,k'vlrsKd;wkdYtm; bk&m;ocifonf tmjA[HESihfjyKvkyf
cJhaomy#dnmOfw&m;wGif vlrsKd;taygif;wkdYonf tmjA[Htm;jzihf
aumif;BuD;r*FvmcHpm;&rnfhtaMumif; uwdjyKxm;onfukd today;
xm;onf/
tcef;i,f 16 wGif &Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm;
tmjA[HxHüjyKcJhaom bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfonf tmjA[H\
]]rsKd;EG,frsm;}} [laomvltajrmuftjrm;xHü ay;cJhonfr[kwf/ tmjA[H
\ ]]rsKd;EG,f}} (okdY) oD;oefYyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;xHüay;xm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; tod
ay;cJhonfukd owdjyKyg/ þokdYajymqkd&mwGif &Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;
om;rsm;tm; þy#dnmOfw&m;onf bk&m;ocifu tmjA[HxHüay;
oem;cJhrnfh aoG;&if;rsKd;pOfrsKd;qufrsm;tm;jzihf jynfhpkHvmrnfr[kwf?
okdYaomf oD;oefYyk*¾dKvfwpfOD; (tmjA[H\ oD;oefYrsKd;EG,fwpfOD;)tm;jzihf
jynfhpkHcJhrnfjzpfaMumif; ajymjycJhonf/ xkdyk*¾dKvfrSm ocifa,½IjzpfNyD;?
tmjA[HxHüay;cJhaom*wdawmfonf ocifa,½IukdjyñTef;aeaMumif;
ajymjycJhonf/
bk&m;ocifonf tmjA[HxHüjyKcJhaom rdrd\y#dnmOfw&m;
tm;jzihf rdrdonftmjA[HrsKd;EG,frsm;\ bk&m;ocifjzpfí? olwkdYonfvnf;
rdrd\vlrsKd;rsm;jzpfvmrnfhtaMumif; uwdjyKcJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
y#dnmOfw&m;&Sd rdrd\tykdif;ukdt<uif;rJhjznfhqnf;jynfhpkHapEkdifpGrf;aomf
vnf;? tmjA[H\rsKd;EG,frsm;url 4if;wkdY\tykdif;ukd rapmifhxdef;EkdifcJhMu
yg/ bk&m;ocif\vlrsKd;wkdYtaejzihf rnfrQyifBudK;pm;tm;xkwfMuapumrl
ESpfaygif; 430 NyD;aemuf arma&S\acwfumvüolwkdYukd ay;tyfcJhonfh
ynwfw&m;awmf&Sd bk&m;ocifcsrSwfxm;aom pHcsdefpHñTef;rsm;ukd
jynfhrD&efwwfpGrf;EkdifcJhMurnfr[kwfyg (i,f 17)/
bk&m;ocifonf tmjA[H\rsKd;EG,frsm;u ynwfw&m;tm;
rapmifhxdef;EkdifMurnfukd ueOD;uwnf;u odaecJhvQif xkdynwfw&m;ukd
arma&Stm;jzihf olwkdYtb,fhaMumihfay;cJhygoenf;/ tcef;i,f 19wGif
&Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; ynwfw&m;ESihfpnf;rsOf;
Oya'rsm;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm ]]uwdawmfukdcHaom rsKd;EG,frjzpfrSD wkdif
atmif 'kp½kdufrsm;aMumifh}} jzpfonf[k ajymjycJhonf/ wpfenf;tm;
jzihfqkd&vQif? arma&S\ynwfw&m;u £oa&vvlrsKd;rsm;xHü bk&m;
ocif\*½kPmawmfvkdtyfrIudk azmfxkwfjyocJhonf/ ynwfw&m;u
olwkdYonf u,fwif&SifukdrnfrQvkdtyfaeMuaMumif;ukd olwkdYtm;jyo
cJhonf/ ynwfw&m;onf tjypf'kp½kdufjyóemukd ajz&Sif;zkdYvrf;ukdvnf;
jyifqifay;cJhonf/ ynwfw&m;u bk&m;ocifonf aus;Zl;awmfESihf
jynfhpkHaombk&m;jzpfí tjypfukdcGihfvTwfay;um rdrd\oem;jcif;
*½kPmESihfaus;Zl;awmfvufawmfukd vkdvkdvm;vm;qefYwef;ay;urf;
vkdaombk&m;vnf;jzpfaMumif;ukd tmjA[H\om;orD;rsm;xHü jyoay;cJh
onf/ xkdYtjyif? ynwfw&m;onf tjypf'kp½kdufukd ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;&mü
bk&m;ocif\w&m;rQwrI&Sdjcif;ukdvnf; olwkdYxHüjyoay;cJhonf/
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm64 65ynwfw&m;\ &nf&G,fcsuf
onf ,k'bmomtwGuf tcsuftcsmusaomt&mjzpfonf/ ,k'vlrsKd;
rsm;onf rdrdwkdYukd,fukd txl;rdom;pkwpfck\tpdwftykdif;rsm;tjzpf
½IjrifcJhMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;twGuf olwkdYukd
tmjA[H\acwfumvrSpí oD;oefYcGJxkwfxm;cJhonf[k ½IjrifcJhMuonf/
okdYaomf&Sifaygvku ,k'vlrsKd;wkdYtm; bk&m;ocifonf tmjA[HESihfjyKvkyf
cJhaomy#dnmOfw&m;wGif vlrsKd;taygif;wkdYonf tmjA[Htm;jzihf
aumif;BuD;r*FvmcHpm;&rnfhtaMumif; uwdjyKxm;onfukd today;
xm;onf/
tcef;i,f 16 wGif &Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm;
tmjA[HxHüjyKcJhaom bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfonf tmjA[H\
]]rsKd;EG,frsm;}} [laomvltajrmuftjrm;xHü ay;cJhonfr[kwf/ tmjA[H
\ ]]rsKd;EG,f}} (okdY) oD;oefYyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;xHüay;xm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; tod
ay;cJhonfukd owdjyKyg/ þokdYajymqkd&mwGif &Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;
om;rsm;tm; þy#dnmOfw&m;onf bk&m;ocifu tmjA[HxHüay;
oem;cJhrnfh aoG;&if;rsKd;pOfrsKd;qufrsm;tm;jzihf jynfhpkHvmrnfr[kwf?
okdYaomf oD;oefYyk*¾dKvfwpfOD; (tmjA[H\ oD;oefYrsKd;EG,fwpfOD;)tm;jzihf
jynfhpkHcJhrnfjzpfaMumif; ajymjycJhonf/ xkdyk*¾dKvfrSm ocifa,½IjzpfNyD;?
tmjA[HxHüay;cJhaom*wdawmfonf ocifa,½IukdjyñTef;aeaMumif;
ajymjycJhonf/
bk&m;ocifonf tmjA[HxHüjyKcJhaom rdrd\y#dnmOfw&m;
tm;jzihf rdrdonftmjA[HrsKd;EG,frsm;\ bk&m;ocifjzpfí? olwkdYonfvnf;
rdrd\vlrsKd;rsm;jzpfvmrnfhtaMumif; uwdjyKcJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
y#dnmOfw&m;&Sd rdrd\tykdif;ukdt<uif;rJhjznfhqnf;jynfhpkHapEkdifpGrf;aomf
vnf;? tmjA[H\rsKd;EG,frsm;url 4if;wkdY\tykdif;ukd rapmifhxdef;EkdifcJhMu
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vnf;aumif; ,lwif0wfaqmif&efvkdtyfygonf/ oifonf oifhtouf
wmü ukd,fawmf\rsufarSmufjyKjcif; tuG,ftumjzifhvTrf;NcHKay;rIukd
vkdtyfygonf/ oifonfukd,fawmfESihfpyfqkdifaomoljzpfzkdY vkdtyfonf
(i,f 29)/ ocifa,½IESihfpyfqkdifaomoltm;vkH;onf tmjA[H\rsKd;EG,f
rsm;tjzpfrSwf,ljcif;cH&í bk&m;ocifu tmjA[HxHüuwday;cJhaom
0dnmOfa&;aumif;BuD;r*Fvmukd tmjA[H\rsKd;EG,fjzpfaom ocifa,½I
c&pftm;jzihf tarGcH&olrsm;tjzpf rSwf,ljcif;cHMu&onf/
þae&mwGif &Sifaygvku ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocifu
tmjA[HESihfjyKcJhaom y#dnmOfw&m;taMumif;ukdvnf;aumif;? xkdy#d
nmOfw&m;onf tmjA[H\rsKd;EG,f (ocifa,½I) ürnfokdYjynfhpkHcJhonfukd
vnf;aumif; today;xm;onf/ arma&Sukday;tyfcJhaom ynwfw&m;
awmfonf olwkdYüu,fwif&Sif (ocifa,½I) vkdtyfaMumif;ukd ñTefjyay;zkdY
&nf&G,fcJhaMumif; xyfrHtoday;cJhygonf/ ynwfw&m;awmfESihf y#d
nmOfw&m;wkdYonf uREkfyfwkdYtm; ocifa,½IESihfocifa,½Ivkyfaqmif
cJhaomtrIawmfwkdYukd ñTefjyay;ygonf/ þae&mwGif &Sifaygvkonf
*vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; ocifc&pfawmfukd&SmawGUjcif;onf "r®
a[mif;ynwfw&m;awmfESihf y#dnmOfw&m;wkdYu ñTefjyay;aomt&m
tm;vkH;ukd&SmawGUjcif;yifjzpfaMumif; jyoay;aeonf[k xif&ygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
arma&Synwfw&m;awmf\ &nf&G,fcsuftaMumif; &Sifaygvku
rnfokdYajymjyxm;oenf;/ arma&S\y#dnmOfw&m;ü bk&m;
ocifcsjyxm;aom pHcsdefpHñTef;ukd wdwdususuREkfyfwkdYemcHEdkif
ygovm;/
ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifoGm;cJhaomtrIawmftm;jzihf 0wf
qifvTrf;NcHKcH&jcif;\ trSefjzpfwnfrIukd oifBuHKawGUcHpm;zl;yg
ovm;/ þjzpf&yfaMumifh oifhtoufwmü rnfonfhajymif;vJ
rIrsm; jzpfay:vmcJhoenf;/
oihf&JUtoufwmESihf trIawmfvkyfief;ukd ocifa,½IxHü pGefY
vTwftyfESHcJhygovm;/ (okdY) oihf&JUukd,fykdifenf;vrf;jzihf jyKvkyfzkdY
ckcHwkdufcdkufaecJhygovm;/ ocifa,½IxHü vTJajymif;ay;tyfzkdY
vkdtyfonfh oihftoufwm tpdwftykdif;rsm;&Sdygovm;/
ocifc&pfawmfonf ynwfw&m;awmfESihf y#dnmOfw&m;wkdY\
jynfhpkHjcif; rnfokdYjzpfEkdifoenf;/ ocifc&pfawmfxHokdY OD;vSnfh
jcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf ynwfw&m;awmfukd pGefYvTwfvkduf
ygovm; (okdY) jznfhqnf;jynfhpkHapygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifonf ocifa,½Iü oihf&JUus½IH;ysufuGufrIrsm;
twGuf ay;urf;axmufyHhrIwpfckukd jyKvkyfxm;aomaMumifh
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifhwifhaumif;jrwfaom toufwmukd&Sifoefjcif;jzihf bk&m;
ocif\rsufESmomay;jcif;ukd BudK;pm;&SmBuHaeaomolwpf
a,mufa,mufukd oifodygovm;/ þ&SifoefaexkdifykHonf
ynwfw&m;\ &nf&G,fcsuf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm70 71
vnf;aumif; ,lwif0wfaqmif&efvkdtyfygonf/ oifonf oifhtouf
wmü ukd,fawmf\rsufarSmufjyKjcif; tuG,ftumjzifhvTrf;NcHKay;rIukd
vkdtyfygonf/ oifonfukd,fawmfESihfpyfqkdifaomoljzpfzkdY vkdtyfonf
(i,f 29)/ ocifa,½IESihfpyfqkdifaomoltm;vkH;onf tmjA[H\rsKd;EG,f
rsm;tjzpfrSwf,ljcif;cH&í bk&m;ocifu tmjA[HxHüuwday;cJhaom
0dnmOfa&;aumif;BuD;r*Fvmukd tmjA[H\rsKd;EG,fjzpfaom ocifa,½I
c&pftm;jzihf tarGcH&olrsm;tjzpf rSwf,ljcif;cHMu&onf/
þae&mwGif &Sifaygvku ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocifu
tmjA[HESihfjyKcJhaom y#dnmOfw&m;taMumif;ukdvnf;aumif;? xkdy#d
nmOfw&m;onf tmjA[H\rsKd;EG,f (ocifa,½I) ürnfokdYjynfhpkHcJhonfukd
vnf;aumif; today;xm;onf/ arma&Sukday;tyfcJhaom ynwfw&m;
awmfonf olwkdYüu,fwif&Sif (ocifa,½I) vkdtyfaMumif;ukd ñTefjyay;zkdY
&nf&G,fcJhaMumif; xyfrHtoday;cJhygonf/ ynwfw&m;awmfESihf y#d
nmOfw&m;wkdYonf uREkfyfwkdYtm; ocifa,½IESihfocifa,½Ivkyfaqmif
cJhaomtrIawmfwkdYukd ñTefjyay;ygonf/ þae&mwGif &Sifaygvkonf
*vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; ocifc&pfawmfukd&SmawGUjcif;onf "r®
a[mif;ynwfw&m;awmfESihf y#dnmOfw&m;wkdYu ñTefjyay;aomt&m
tm;vkH;ukd&SmawGUjcif;yifjzpfaMumif; jyoay;aeonf[k xif&ygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
arma&Synwfw&m;awmf\ &nf&G,fcsuftaMumif; &Sifaygvku
rnfokdYajymjyxm;oenf;/ arma&S\y#dnmOfw&m;ü bk&m;
ocifcsjyxm;aom pHcsdefpHñTef;ukd wdwdususuREkfyfwkdYemcHEdkif
ygovm;/
ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifoGm;cJhaomtrIawmftm;jzihf 0wf
qifvTrf;NcHKcH&jcif;\ trSefjzpfwnfrIukd oifBuHKawGUcHpm;zl;yg
ovm;/ þjzpf&yfaMumifh oifhtoufwmü rnfonfhajymif;vJ
rIrsm; jzpfay:vmcJhoenf;/
oihf&JUtoufwmESihf trIawmfvkyfief;ukd ocifa,½IxHü pGefY
vTwftyfESHcJhygovm;/ (okdY) oihf&JUukd,fykdifenf;vrf;jzihf jyKvkyfzkdY
ckcHwkdufcdkufaecJhygovm;/ ocifa,½IxHü vTJajymif;ay;tyfzkdY
vkdtyfonfh oihftoufwm tpdwftykdif;rsm;&Sdygovm;/
ocifc&pfawmfonf ynwfw&m;awmfESihf y#dnmOfw&m;wkdY\
jynfhpkHjcif; rnfokdYjzpfEkdifoenf;/ ocifc&pfawmfxHokdY OD;vSnfh
jcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf ynwfw&m;awmfukd pGefYvTwfvkduf
ygovm; (okdY) jznfhqnf;jynfhpkHapygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifonf ocifa,½Iü oihf&JUus½IH;ysufuGufrIrsm;
twGuf ay;urf;axmufyHhrIwpfckukd jyKvkyfxm;aomaMumifh
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifhwifhaumif;jrwfaom toufwmukd&Sifoefjcif;jzihf bk&m;
ocif\rsufESmomay;jcif;ukd BudK;pm;&SmBuHaeaomolwpf
a,mufa,mufukd oifodygovm;/ þ&SifoefaexkdifykHonf
ynwfw&m;\ &nf&G,fcsuf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
77
77
7
om;rsm;ESihftapcHuRefrsm;om;rsm;ESihftapcHuRefrsm;
om;rsm;ESihftapcHuRefrsm;om;rsm;ESihftapcHuRefrsm;
om;rsm;ESihftapcHuRefrsm;
*vmwd 4;1-11 ukdzwf½Iyg/
aiGtajrmuftjrm;ukd tarGcHzkdY&Sdaomfvnf; xkdtajctaeokdY
ra&mufao;aom tarGcHwpfOD;ESihf qif;&Jom;tapyg;uRefwpfOD;wkdY\
jcm;em;csufrSm tb,fenf;/ tarGcHonf vuf&Sdykdif&Sifu xkdtarGukd
vTJajymif;ay;aomtcg olonfaiGtajrmuftjrm;ukd ykdifqkdifzkdYtvm;
tvm&Sdxm;ygvdrfhrnf/ okdYaomf tapcHuRefrSmrl tarGqufcHzkdY arQmfvifh
csufr&Sdyg/ okdYaomf? enf;vrf;rsKd;pkHjzihfMunfhvQif tarGcH\vuf&Sd tajc
taeonf tapcHuRef\tajctaexuf ykdírxl;jcm;yg/ jzpfvmEkdifacs
&Sdaom csrf;om<u,f0rIonf vuf&SdtwGufwefzkd;r&Sdyg/ taMumif;rSm
xkdcsrf;om<u,f0rIukd tokH;jyK&eftcGihftvrf;r&SdaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
"r®opfumvwGif tapcHuRefwpfa,muf ocifwpfa,mufukd
emcH&ouJhokdY tarGcHvli,fa,mufsm;av;onf tkyfxdef;olwpfOD;ukd
emcH&onf/ tarGcHvli,fa,mufsm;av;onf {&mraiGtajrmuftjrm;
ukdtarGqufcH&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; olonfxkdtarGukdqufcH&rnfh owf
rSwfxm;aom touft&G,fokdYra&mufrcsif;? tkyfxdef;olonf olYtouf
wmukdxdef;csKyfxm;ygonf/ olonfwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ukd ukdifwG,f
tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaMumif;ukd xkdyk*¾dKvfxHü ocif bk&m;u azmfxkwf
jyoay;rnfhtaMumif;awmif;avQmufyg/
ocifbk&m;onf ynwfw&m;awmfESihf y#dnmOfw&m;wkdY\ NyD;
jynfhpkHrIwpfcktjzpf <uqif;vmcJhonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;
yg/ ukd,fawmf\tjypfvTwfay;jcif;ESihf pGrf;aqmifay;jcif;wkdY
twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
72
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
77
77
7
om;rsm;ESihftapcHuRefrsm;om;rsm;ESihftapcHuRefrsm;
om;rsm;ESihftapcHuRefrsm;om;rsm;ESihftapcHuRefrsm;
om;rsm;ESihftapcHuRefrsm;
*vmwd 4;1-11 ukdzwf½Iyg/
aiGtajrmuftjrm;ukd tarGcHzkdY&Sdaomfvnf; xkdtajctaeokdY
ra&mufao;aom tarGcHwpfOD;ESihf qif;&Jom;tapyg;uRefwpfOD;wkdY\
jcm;em;csufrSm tb,fenf;/ tarGcHonf vuf&Sdykdif&Sifu xkdtarGukd
vTJajymif;ay;aomtcg olonfaiGtajrmuftjrm;ukd ykdifqkdifzkdYtvm;
tvm&Sdxm;ygvdrfhrnf/ okdYaomf tapcHuRefrSmrl tarGqufcHzkdY arQmfvifh
csufr&Sdyg/ okdYaomf? enf;vrf;rsKd;pkHjzihfMunfhvQif tarGcH\vuf&Sd tajc
taeonf tapcHuRef\tajctaexuf ykdírxl;jcm;yg/ jzpfvmEkdifacs
&Sdaom csrf;om<u,f0rIonf vuf&SdtwGufwefzkd;r&Sdyg/ taMumif;rSm
xkdcsrf;om<u,f0rIukd tokH;jyK&eftcGihftvrf;r&SdaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
"r®opfumvwGif tapcHuRefwpfa,muf ocifwpfa,mufukd
emcH&ouJhokdY tarGcHvli,fa,mufsm;av;onf tkyfxdef;olwpfOD;ukd
emcH&onf/ tarGcHvli,fa,mufsm;av;onf {&mraiGtajrmuftjrm;
ukdtarGqufcH&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; olonfxkdtarGukdqufcH&rnfh owf
rSwfxm;aom touft&G,fokdYra&mufrcsif;? tkyfxdef;olonf olYtouf
wmukdxdef;csKyfxm;ygonf/ olonfwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ukd ukdifwG,f
tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaMumif;ukd xkdyk*¾dKvfxHü ocif bk&m;u azmfxkwf
jyoay;rnfhtaMumif;awmif;avQmufyg/
ocifbk&m;onf ynwfw&m;awmfESihf y#dnmOfw&m;wkdY\ NyD;
jynfhpkHrIwpfcktjzpf <uqif;vmcJhonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;
yg/ ukd,fawmf\tjypfvTwfay;jcif;ESihf pGrf;aqmifay;jcif;wkdY
twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
72
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm74 75
Ekdifavmufonfhtouft&G,fESihf &ifhusufjcif;okdYa&muf&SdvmNyDjzpf
aMumif; zcifjzpfolurqkH;jzwfrcsif; olonf rdrdcsrf;om<u,f0rIukd
tokH;rjyKEkdifyg/
&Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm;ta&;BuD;aom oifcef;
pmwpfckukd om"ujzihf&Sif;jy&ef þtcsufudktokH;jyKcJhygonf (i,f
1-5)/ olwkdYtm;vkH;onf ynwfw&m;\ tapcHuRefrsm;jzpfaecJhMuonf/
ynwfw&m;onf olwkdYukdtusOf;ü csKyfxm;onf[k &SifaygvkuajymcJh
onf (3;22-23)/ ynwfw&m;\atmufüaeí bk&m;ocifukd pdwfaus
eyfap&eftqufrjywf BudK;pm;½kef;uefMuaomfvnf; vkH;vkH;rpGrf;aqmif
EkdifcJhMuyg/ tqkH;wGif olwkdYonfbk&m;ocifESihfvnf; ykdíeD;pyfrvmMu
yg/ crnf;awmfonf rdrdowfrSwfxm;aomtcsdefwGif rdrd\vlrsKd;wkdY
twGuftaocH&ef rdrd\om;awmfukd apvTwfjcif;jzihf olwkdYukdynwf
w&m;atmuf vGwfNidrf;apcJhonf/ um;wkdifxufü taocHjcif;jzihf
ocifa,½Ionf aus;Zl;BuD;rm;pGmjzihf tjypfvTwfjcif;ukdvnf;aumif;?
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifESihfjyefvnf qufqH&if;ESD;&aomtcGihf
ukdvnf;aumif; axmufyHhay;oem;cJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\tqkdt&?
þt&monf tkyfxdef;olynwfw&m;\xdef;csKyfrIrSvGwfNidrf;í bk&m;
ocif\om;orD;rsm;jzpfjcif; csrf;omxJokdY 0ifa&mufaomvrf;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrdom;awmf\ 0dnmOfawmfudk ,kHMunfolrsm;
\pdwfESvkH;xJokdY apvTwfcJhonf/ tcef;i,f 6 t&? uREkfyfwkdY\touf
wmü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfrsufarSmufjyKjcif;onf crnf;awmf
bk&m;ESihf oifhwifhrSefuefaomqufqH&if;ESD;rItwGuf tmrcHukd uREkfyf
wkdYtm;ay;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\txJü bk&m;ocifoGwfoGif;xm;aom
0dnmOfawmfu ]]tAÁtb}}[k [pfatmfaeygonf/ þpum;vkH;rsm;wGif
eufeJaom eD;pyfuRrf;0ifrIESihf tmrcHcsufwkdY &Sdaeygonf/ þt&monf
bk&m;ocifESihf qufqH&if;ESD;&jcif;ukd raocsmaomolwpfa,muf\
[pfatmfoHr[kwfyg/ þt&monf cspfcifMuifemwwfí nifom,k,rI
&SdaomzcifwpfOD;twGuf uav;i,fwpfa,muf\ pdwfcs,kHMunfrI
tjynfhygaom [pfatmfoHjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmfrsufarSmufjyKjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYukdbk&m;ocif\
rdom;pkxJüoGwfoGif;ay;í bk&m;ocifukdcspfcif,k,wwfaom aumif;
uifbkHrSuREkfyfwkdY\tbtjzpfESihf qufqH&if;ESD;&jcif;twGuf tmrcHcsuf
ukday;ygonf/
þrQomru? 0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\t&if;tjrpfrsm;
ukduREkfyfwkdY\toufwmxJokdY xkwfvTwfay;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
tapcHuRefrsm;r[kwf? bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;jzpfaeMuaomaMumihf
bk&m;ocifu rdrd\om;awmfü uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf okdxm;aomt&m
tm;vkH;\tarGcHrsm;jzpfMuonf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;
ocif\vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;jcif;ESihf csrf;ompnf;pdrfwkdYukd uREkfyfwkdY
tvkd&Sdonftwkdif; tokH;jyKzkdYxm;ay;xm;ygonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf
uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;xJü udef;0yf&ef0ifa&mufvmaomtcsdefwGif rdrdESihf
twlrdrd\ pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukdvnf; ,laqmifvmygonf/ 0dnmOf
awmfonf ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdaom uREkfyfwkdY\tarGukd uREkfyfwkdYxHü
jznfvTwfay;zkdY a&mufvmjcif;jzpfonf/
ocifc&pfawmfonf uREkffwkdY\txJü&Sdaom oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf uREkfyfwdkYESihfqufqH&if;ESD;rIwpfckukd wHqdyfcwf
om;rsm;ESihftapcHuRefrsm;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm74 75
Ekdifavmufonfhtouft&G,fESihf &ifhusufjcif;okdYa&muf&SdvmNyDjzpf
aMumif; zcifjzpfolurqkH;jzwfrcsif; olonf rdrdcsrf;om<u,f0rIukd
tokH;rjyKEkdifyg/
&Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm;ta&;BuD;aom oifcef;
pmwpfckukd om"ujzihf&Sif;jy&ef þtcsufudktokH;jyKcJhygonf (i,f
1-5)/ olwkdYtm;vkH;onf ynwfw&m;\ tapcHuRefrsm;jzpfaecJhMuonf/
ynwfw&m;onf olwkdYukdtusOf;ü csKyfxm;onf[k &SifaygvkuajymcJh
onf (3;22-23)/ ynwfw&m;\atmufüaeí bk&m;ocifukd pdwfaus
eyfap&eftqufrjywf BudK;pm;½kef;uefMuaomfvnf; vkH;vkH;rpGrf;aqmif
EkdifcJhMuyg/ tqkH;wGif olwkdYonfbk&m;ocifESihfvnf; ykdíeD;pyfrvmMu
yg/ crnf;awmfonf rdrdowfrSwfxm;aomtcsdefwGif rdrd\vlrsKd;wkdY
twGuftaocH&ef rdrd\om;awmfukd apvTwfjcif;jzihf olwkdYukdynwf
w&m;atmuf vGwfNidrf;apcJhonf/ um;wkdifxufü taocHjcif;jzihf
ocifa,½Ionf aus;Zl;BuD;rm;pGmjzihf tjypfvTwfjcif;ukdvnf;aumif;?
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifESihfjyefvnf qufqH&if;ESD;&aomtcGihf
ukdvnf;aumif; axmufyHhay;oem;cJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\tqkdt&?
þt&monf tkyfxdef;olynwfw&m;\xdef;csKyfrIrSvGwfNidrf;í bk&m;
ocif\om;orD;rsm;jzpfjcif; csrf;omxJokdY 0ifa&mufaomvrf;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrdom;awmf\ 0dnmOfawmfudk ,kHMunfolrsm;
\pdwfESvkH;xJokdY apvTwfcJhonf/ tcef;i,f 6 t&? uREkfyfwkdY\touf
wmü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfrsufarSmufjyKjcif;onf crnf;awmf
bk&m;ESihf oifhwifhrSefuefaomqufqH&if;ESD;rItwGuf tmrcHukd uREkfyf
wkdYtm;ay;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\txJü bk&m;ocifoGwfoGif;xm;aom
0dnmOfawmfu ]]tAÁtb}}[k [pfatmfaeygonf/ þpum;vkH;rsm;wGif
eufeJaom eD;pyfuRrf;0ifrIESihf tmrcHcsufwkdY &Sdaeygonf/ þt&monf
bk&m;ocifESihf qufqH&if;ESD;&jcif;ukd raocsmaomolwpfa,muf\
[pfatmfoHr[kwfyg/ þt&monf cspfcifMuifemwwfí nifom,k,rI
&SdaomzcifwpfOD;twGuf uav;i,fwpfa,muf\ pdwfcs,kHMunfrI
tjynfhygaom [pfatmfoHjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü oefY&Sif;
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jcif;ukd pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESihf enf;Oya'rsm;okdY avsmhcscJhMuonf/
þusrf;csufonf bk&m;ocifESihfuREkfyfwkdY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIukd
vnf;tav;teufpOf;pm;qifjcifapygonf/ ocifc&pfawmftay:ü
xm;&Sdaom oihf,kHMunfcsufonf rnfonfht&mrsKd;jzpfoenf;/ pnf;rsOf;
pnf;urf;wpfckukd vkdufemjcif;vm;/ aumif;uifbkH&Sd oifhcrnf;awmfESihf
crnf;awmf\pnf;pdrfOpömrsm;ukd eufeJaomeD;pyfuRrf;0ifjcif;ESihf
arGUavsmfjcif;vm;/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
om;orD;ESihf tapcHuRef\jcm;em;csufum;tb,fenf;/ oif
om;rsm;ESihftapcHuRefrsm;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
onfrnfokdY&SifoefaecJhygoenf;/ &Sif;jyyg/
uREkfyfwkdYcH&aom 0dnmOfa&;tarG\ tcGihfxl;rsm;rSm tb,f
enf;/ oifonf þtcGihfxl;rsm;ukdvuf&Sd arGUavsmfaeygovm;/
c&pf,meftoufwmü pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESihf enf;Oya'
rsm;\ tcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/
pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESihf enf;Oya'rsm;jzihfom zGJUpnf;xm;
aom,kHMunfjcif;ukd&Sdxm;onhf olwpfa,mufa,mufukd oif
awGUBuHKzl;ygovm;/ olwkdY\c&pf,mefbmomukd oifrnfokdY
azmfusL;rnfenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocif\ om;(okdY)orD;tjzpfESihf &Sifoefjcif;\qkdvkd&if;ukd
em;vnfoabmaygufzkdY ulnDay;&ef bk&m;ocifxHü awmif;
avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifonf olYukdemcHjcif;ü uREkfyfwkdYukd &Sifoef&efarQmfvifh
aecsdefwGif oifESifhbk&m;ocif\qufqH&if;ESD;rIonf bk&m;
ociftwGuf uREkfyfwdkYvkyfaqmifaomt&mxuf tvGefeufeJ
aeaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdaom oiftvkd&Sdonfhtwkdif; tokH;jyKEkdifonfh
t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd azmfxkwftokH;jyKEkdif&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY ocif
bk&m;ukd awmif;avQmufyg/ oifvkdtyfaomt&mcyfodrf;
twGuf ukd,fawmf\ykdvQHaom axmufyHhay;urf;rItwGuf
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
88
88
8
[m*&ESihfpm&m[m*&ESihfpm&m
[m*&ESihfpm&m[m*&ESihfpm&m
[m*&ESihfpm&m
*vmwd 4;12-31 ukdzwf½Iyg/
2aum 3;14-16 wGif &Sifaygvku þokdYa&;om;cJhonf/
olwkdYpdwfESvkH;onf rkdufrJvsuf&Sdí? ,ckwkdifatmif "r®a[mif;
usrf;pmukd bwfMuaomtcg teuft"dyÜ,fonf zkH;tkyfvsuf
&Sd\/ taMumif;rlum;? c&pfawmftm;jzihfom xkdzkH;tkyfjcif;
taMumif;ukd y,f&Sif;&\/ ,ckwkdifatmifvnf;? arma&S\
usrf;pmukd bwfMuaomtcg? olwkdYpdwfESvkH;onf zkH;tkyfvsuf&Sd
ao;\/ okdYaomfvnf; ocifbk&m;xHawmfokdY ajymif;vJaom
tcg? xkdzkH;tkyfjcif;taMumif;ukd y,f&Sif;vdrfhrnf/
&Sifaygvkuaum&dE
oKtoif;om;rsm;tm; rdrdwkdYukd,fukd arma&S
\ynwfw&m;atmufü oGwfoGif;xm;aomolwkdif;ukd zkH;uG,fvTrf;NcHK
xm;aom tzkH;ttkyfwpfck&Sdonf[k ajymjyaecJhygonf/ þtzkH;ttkyf
onfarSmifrkdufjcif;ESihf av;vHjcif;wkdYukd zefwD;ygonf/ ynwfw&m;
atmufü &SifoefaeMuaomolrsm;ukd owdjyKrd&efrSm tvGefvG,fulyg
onf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\pHcsdefpHñTef;ukdb,faomtcgwGifrQ jynfhrD
rnfhykHray:yg/ olwkdYonf tqufrjywfBudK;pm;½kef;uefMuaomfvnf;
80
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
onfrnfokdY&SifoefaecJhygoenf;/ &Sif;jyyg/
uREkfyfwkdYcH&aom 0dnmOfa&;tarG\ tcGihfxl;rsm;rSm tb,f
enf;/ oifonf þtcGihfxl;rsm;ukdvuf&Sd arGUavsmfaeygovm;/
c&pf,meftoufwmü pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESihf enf;Oya'
rsm;\ tcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/
pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESihf enf;Oya'rsm;jzihfom zGJUpnf;xm;
aom,kHMunfjcif;ukd&Sdxm;onhf olwpfa,mufa,mufukd oif
awGUBuHKzl;ygovm;/ olwkdY\c&pf,mefbmomukd oifrnfokdY
azmfusL;rnfenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocif\ om;(okdY)orD;tjzpfESihf &Sifoefjcif;\qkdvkd&if;ukd
em;vnfoabmaygufzkdY ulnDay;&ef bk&m;ocifxHü awmif;
avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifonf olYukdemcHjcif;ü uREkfyfwkdYukd &Sifoef&efarQmfvifh
aecsdefwGif oifESifhbk&m;ocif\qufqH&if;ESD;rIonf bk&m;
ociftwGuf uREkfyfwdkYvkyfaqmifaomt&mxuf tvGefeufeJ
aeaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdaom oiftvkd&Sdonfhtwkdif; tokH;jyKEkdifonfh
t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd azmfxkwftokH;jyKEkdif&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY ocif
bk&m;ukd awmif;avQmufyg/ oifvkdtyfaomt&mcyfodrf;
twGuf ukd,fawmf\ykdvQHaom axmufyHhay;urf;rItwGuf
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
88
88
8
[m*&ESihfpm&m[m*&ESihfpm&m
[m*&ESihfpm&m[m*&ESihfpm&m
[m*&ESihfpm&m
*vmwd 4;12-31 ukdzwf½Iyg/
2aum 3;14-16 wGif &Sifaygvku þokdYa&;om;cJhonf/
olwkdYpdwfESvkH;onf rkdufrJvsuf&Sdí? ,ckwkdifatmif "r®a[mif;
usrf;pmukd bwfMuaomtcg teuft"dyÜ,fonf zkH;tkyfvsuf
&Sd\/ taMumif;rlum;? c&pfawmftm;jzihfom xkdzkH;tkyfjcif;
taMumif;ukd y,f&Sif;&\/ ,ckwkdifatmifvnf;? arma&S\
usrf;pmukd bwfMuaomtcg? olwkdYpdwfESvkH;onf zkH;tkyfvsuf&Sd
ao;\/ okdYaomfvnf; ocifbk&m;xHawmfokdY ajymif;vJaom
tcg? xkdzkH;tkyfjcif;taMumif;ukd y,f&Sif;vdrfhrnf/
&Sifaygvkuaum&dE
oKtoif;om;rsm;tm; rdrdwkdYukd,fukd arma&S
\ynwfw&m;atmufü oGwfoGif;xm;aomolwkdif;ukd zkH;uG,fvTrf;NcHK
xm;aom tzkH;ttkyfwpfck&Sdonf[k ajymjyaecJhygonf/ þtzkH;ttkyf
onfarSmifrkdufjcif;ESihf av;vHjcif;wkdYukd zefwD;ygonf/ ynwfw&m;
atmufü &SifoefaeMuaomolrsm;ukd owdjyKrd&efrSm tvGefvG,fulyg
onf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\pHcsdefpHñTef;ukdb,faomtcgwGifrQ jynfhrD
rnfhykHray:yg/ olwkdYonf tqufrjywfBudK;pm;½kef;uefMuaomfvnf;
80
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm82 83[m*&ESihfpm&m
b,fawmhrQ tqHk;ukdra&mufEkdifcJhMuyg/ ynwfw&m;onf 4if;wkdY\0rf;
ajrmufjcif;ESihf pdwfNidrf;csrf;omrIukd Ekwf,loGm;cJh[ef&Sdonf/ ocifc&pf
awmfESihf xkdocifuNyD;jynfhpkHapcJhaom trIawmfwpfyg;wnf;wGifom
bk&m;ocifückdem;&jcif;ESihf bk&m;ocifESifhoifhjrwfjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYod
em;vnfEkdifygonf/
rdrdpmapmif\ þtykdif;ukd&SifaygvktpjyKonfESihf olonf*vm
wdtoif;om;rsm;tm; rdrdwkdYyxrtBudrf awGUqkHcJhjcif;taMumif;ukd tod
ay;cJhonf/ tcef;i,f 13 t&? emrusef;jzpfrIwpfckaMumifh &Sifaygvk
onf *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;xHü {0Ha*vdw&m;awmf(owif;aumif;
w&m;awmf) ukdyxrtBudrfa[majymcJh&ygonf/ þemrusef;jzpfrI\
tao;pdwftaMumif;t&mukd uREkfyfwkdYrodyg/ xkdtcsdeftawmtwGif;ü
&Sifaygvkonf olwkdY\rdom;pk0ifwpfa,mufyrm jzpfvmcJhonf (i,f
12)/ &Sifaygvk\ emrusef;jzpfjcif;onf *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;u olYukd
cspfcifvmzkdY zefwD;cJhoa,mif&Sdonf/ tcef;i,f 14 wGif &Sifaygvku
*vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; olwkdYonfolYukd bk&m;ocif\aumif;uif
wrefwpfyg;ozG,f rnfokdYtodtrSwfjyKvufcHcJhMuonfukd today;cJh
onf/ olwkdYonf &SifaygvkESihfol\emrusef;jzpfrItay:ü txiftjrif
ao;jcif;ukd rjyocJhMuyg/ rdrdtwGuf taxmuftuljzpfrnfqkdvQif
olwkdYonf 4if;wkdY\ rsufvkH;rsm;ukdyifazmufxkwfí rdrdtm;ay;cJhMurnhf
taMumif;ukd &SifaygvkodcJhygonf (i,f 15)/
olwkdYESihftwl&SdpOfwGif? &Sifaygvkuocifc&pfawmf\ taocH
jcif;jzihf ynwfw&m;rSvGwfajrmufjcif;w&m;a'oemukd a[majymcJh
onf/ tzkH;ttkyfonf olwkdY\rsufpdrSuGmusoGm;cJhonf/ *vmwd
toif;om;rsm;onf ocifbk&m;üvGwfajrmufjcif;ESihf0rf;ajrmufjcif;
wkdYukd BuHKawGUcHpm;cJhMuonf/ *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;ESihftwl &SdaecJh
aom þtcsdefumvukd &SifaygvkjyefvnfawG;Munfhaomtcg? olonf
aysmf&TifMunfEl;&aom tcgor,ukd owd&aecJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonf
emrusef;jzpfaeapumrl? bk&m;ocifonf olYukdaumif;BuD;ay;cJhonf/
*vmwdtoif;om;rsm;onf &Sifaygvk\{0Ha*vdw&m;awmf (owif;
aumif;w&m;awmf) a[majymcsufukd 0rf;yef;womvufcHcJhMuonf/
olwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd {0Ha*vdw&m;awmf (owif;aumif;
w&m;awmf)twGuf zGihf[xm;cJhMuNyD;? ynwfw&m;rSvGwfajrmufjcif;
tm;jzifh ocifbk&m;\0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukd BuHKawGUcHpm;Ekdif&ef vTwfjcif;ukd
cHcJhMuonf/
okdYaomf tcsdefrsm;ukefvGefvmonfESihftrQ? rSm;,Gif;aomq&m
rsm;onf *vmwdNrdKUokdYa&muf&SdvmMuNyD;? *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;\
pdwfESvkH;ukd ynwfw&m;qDodkY jyefvSnfhvmapcJhMuonf/ &vm'fum;
tb,fenf;/ tcef;i,f 15 wGif &Sifaygvku ]]oifwkdYcH&aom
0rf;ajrmufjcif; cyfodrf;urnfokdYjzpfoGm;oenf;}} [kar;cJhonf/ *vmwd
toif;om;rsm;onf ynwfw&m;qDokdY jyefoGm;jcif;jzihf ocifbk&m;ü
&Sdaom rdrdwkdY\0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukd qkH;½IH;cJhMu&NyD;? &Sifaygvkukdvnf;
qefYusifcJhMu[ef&Sdonf (i,f 16)/ olwkdYonf &Sifaygvka[majymcJhaom
or®mw&m;rS vSnfhjyefírdrdwkdYukd,fukd tzkH;ttkyfatmufokdY jyefvnf
oGwfoGif;cJhMuonf/ olkwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ukd pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm82 83[m*&ESihfpm&m
b,fawmhrQ tqHk;ukdra&mufEkdifcJhMuyg/ ynwfw&m;onf 4if;wkdY\0rf;
ajrmufjcif;ESihf pdwfNidrf;csrf;omrIukd Ekwf,loGm;cJh[ef&Sdonf/ ocifc&pf
awmfESihf xkdocifuNyD;jynfhpkHapcJhaom trIawmfwpfyg;wnf;wGifom
bk&m;ocifückdem;&jcif;ESihf bk&m;ocifESifhoifhjrwfjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYod
em;vnfEkdifygonf/
rdrdpmapmif\ þtykdif;ukd&SifaygvktpjyKonfESihf olonf*vm
wdtoif;om;rsm;tm; rdrdwkdYyxrtBudrf awGUqkHcJhjcif;taMumif;ukd tod
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onf *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;xHü {0Ha*vdw&m;awmf(owif;aumif;
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tao;pdwftaMumif;t&mukd uREkfyfwkdYrodyg/ xkdtcsdeftawmtwGif;ü
&Sifaygvkonf olwkdY\rdom;pk0ifwpfa,mufyrm jzpfvmcJhonf (i,f
12)/ &Sifaygvk\ emrusef;jzpfjcif;onf *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;u olYukd
cspfcifvmzkdY zefwD;cJhoa,mif&Sdonf/ tcef;i,f 14 wGif &Sifaygvku
*vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; olwkdYonfolYukd bk&m;ocif\aumif;uif
wrefwpfyg;ozG,f rnfokdYtodtrSwfjyKvufcHcJhMuonfukd today;cJh
onf/ olwkdYonf &SifaygvkESihfol\emrusef;jzpfrItay:ü txiftjrif
ao;jcif;ukd rjyocJhMuyg/ rdrdtwGuf taxmuftuljzpfrnfqkdvQif
olwkdYonf 4if;wkdY\ rsufvkH;rsm;ukdyifazmufxkwfí rdrdtm;ay;cJhMurnhf
taMumif;ukd &SifaygvkodcJhygonf (i,f 15)/
olwkdYESihftwl&SdpOfwGif? &Sifaygvkuocifc&pfawmf\ taocH
jcif;jzihf ynwfw&m;rSvGwfajrmufjcif;w&m;a'oemukd a[majymcJh
onf/ tzkH;ttkyfonf olwkdY\rsufpdrSuGmusoGm;cJhonf/ *vmwd
toif;om;rsm;onf ocifbk&m;üvGwfajrmufjcif;ESihf0rf;ajrmufjcif;
wkdYukd BuHKawGUcHpm;cJhMuonf/ *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;ESihftwl &SdaecJh
aom þtcsdefumvukd &SifaygvkjyefvnfawG;Munfhaomtcg? olonf
aysmf&TifMunfEl;&aom tcgor,ukd owd&aecJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonf
emrusef;jzpfaeapumrl? bk&m;ocifonf olYukdaumif;BuD;ay;cJhonf/
*vmwdtoif;om;rsm;onf &Sifaygvk\{0Ha*vdw&m;awmf (owif;
aumif;w&m;awmf) a[majymcsufukd 0rf;yef;womvufcHcJhMuonf/
olwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd {0Ha*vdw&m;awmf (owif;aumif;
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tm;jzifh ocifbk&m;\0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukd BuHKawGUcHpm;Ekdif&ef vTwfjcif;ukd
cHcJhMuonf/
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rsm;onf *vmwdNrdKUokdYa&muf&SdvmMuNyD;? *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;\
pdwfESvkH;ukd ynwfw&m;qDodkY jyefvSnfhvmapcJhMuonf/ &vm'fum;
tb,fenf;/ tcef;i,f 15 wGif &Sifaygvku ]]oifwkdYcH&aom
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toif;om;rsm;onf ynwfw&m;qDokdY jyefoGm;jcif;jzihf ocifbk&m;ü
&Sdaom rdrdwkdY\0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukd qkH;½IH;cJhMu&NyD;? &Sifaygvkukdvnf;
qefYusifcJhMu[ef&Sdonf (i,f 16)/ olwkdYonf &Sifaygvka[majymcJhaom
or®mw&m;rS vSnfhjyefírdrdwkdYukd,fukd tzkH;ttkyfatmufokdY jyefvnf
oGwfoGif;cJhMuonf/ olkwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ukd pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm84 85
rsm;ESihf enf;Oya'rsm;okdY avsmhcscJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmf
NyD;jynfhpkHapcJhaom trIawmfukd r,kHMunfMuawmhyg/ olwkdYonfrdrdwdkY\
tusihfukodkvftm;jzihf bk&m;ocif\rsufESmomay;rIukd xkdufwefpGm
&&SdzkdY BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaecJhMuonf/
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jcif;&SdMuaomfvnf;? vGJrSm;aeMuonfhtaMumif; *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;
tm;owday;cJhonf/ olwkdYonf *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;ukd wrefawmf
wdkY\&Sif;vif;jywfom;aomoGefoifjcif;rS oD;jcm;cGJxm;csifcJhMuouJhokdY
rdrdwkdYtwGuf aemufvkdufwpfodkufukdvnf; vkdcsifcJhMuonf (i,f 17)/
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&m;rS pGefYcGgroGm;MuzkdY wkdufwGef;cJhonf (i,f 18)/
&Sifaygvkonf *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;ukd rdrd\cspf&aom
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ocifc&pfawmfxHokdY aqmif,lvmcJhNyD;? xkdt&mukd emusifjcif;? cufcJjcif;
wkYdtm;jzihf jyKvkyfcJh&onf/ &Sifaygvkonf emrusef;jzpfjcif;ESifhtwl
*vmwdtoif;om;rsm;xHokdY a&mufvmcJhaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYod&SdcJhNyD;
jzpfonf/ okdYaomf? &Sifaygvkonf {0Ha*vdw&m;awmf (owif;aumif;
w&m;awmf) ukda[majymjcif;twGuf xkdemrusef;jzpfjcif;xufyifykdí
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&zkdY &SifaygvkrSm ppfaMumjcif;trsKd;rsKd;ukd jzwfoef;cJh&onf/ rSm;,Gif;
aomq&mrsm;aMumihf ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdaom olwkdY\vGwfvyfjcif;tm;
zsufqD;cH&onfukd jrifawGU&aomtcg &SifaygvktvGefpdwfysuf0rf;enf;
cJh&ygonf/ tcef;i,f 20 wGif &Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm;
or®mw&m;qDokdY olwkdYukdjyefvnfaqmif,loGm;zkdY jzpfEkdifvQif olwkdYESihf
twl&SdcsifaMumif; qE´jyKcJhonf/
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1010
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1010
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jcif;ukdqkdvkdygvdrfhrnf/ þt&m\qkdvkd&if;rSm uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fykdif
t,ltqrsm;ESihf pdwfcHpm;rIrsm;ukdab;z,fxm;í bk&m;ocif\0dnmOf
awmfxHü tyfESHjcif;jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYvkyfaqmifEkdifaomt&mü
avsmhí,kHMunfukd;pm;um? bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmftvkyfvkyfjcif;ukd
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm110 111
apmifhpm;jcif;[kvnf; qdkvkdygvdrfhrnf/ 0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf touf&Sif
aomolrsm;onf rdrdwkdY\toufwmtm; oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd
xdef;csKyfapMuonf/ þokdYjyKvkyf&eftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfawmf\
vrf;jyrItm;rnfokdYem;axmif&rnfukdvnf;aumif;? 0dnmOfawmf\
aphaqmfrIrsm;ukd rnfokdYemcH&rnfukdvnf;aumif; od&SdzkdYvkdtyfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdtjypfrS u,fwifaomtcsdefwGif ocif
c&pfawmf\o@mefawmfü uREkfyfwkdYukdykHoGif;&eftwGufvnf;aumif;?
EkdifiHawmf\trIawmfjrwfü uREkfyfwkdYukdvkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;&eftwGuf
vnf;aumif; uREkfyfwkdYtxJü rdrd\0dnmOfawmfukd oGwfoGif;ay;cJhonf/
0dnmOfawmfütouf&Sif&eftwGuf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmwGif bk&m;
ocifh0dnmOfawmf\rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukd todtrSwfjyKí 0dnmOfawmf\
vrf;jyjcif;ESihf vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;jcif;wkdYü tyfESHzkdYoif,lMu&rnf
jzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmukd bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmftm; xdef;
csKyfapjcif;\&v'fum; rnfokdYjzpfrnfenf;/ 0dnmOfawmfonf rdrd\
toD;ukd uREkfyfwkdYüoD;yGifhapygvdrfhrnf/ 0dnmOfawmftoD;onf þtcef;
\tpykdif;ü uREkfyfwkdYavhvmprf;ppfcJhMuaom Zmwdyuwd\toD;ESihf
qefYusifbufjzpfonf/ aemufvmrnfhusrf;ykd'frsm;wGif &Sifaygvku
0dnmOfawmf\toD;taMumif;ukd qufvufíazmfjyxm;onf/
bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYü cspfjcif;arwåmtoD;
ukd azmfaqmifay;ygvdrfhrnf (i,f 22)/ þcspfjcif;arwåmonf
rnfonhft&mukdrQ tjyeftvSeftm;jzifhr&&Sdrnfukdodvsufyif tjcm;
olrsm;qDokdYvufurf;ay;onfh twåuif;aomcspfjcif;arwåmjzpfonf/
0dnmOfawmfonf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESihf Nidrfoufjcif;ukdvnf;
azmfaqmifay;ygvdrfhrnf/ þt&mrsm;onf bk&m;ocifESihfoifhwifh
rSefuefaom qufqH&if;ESD;rIü&Sdaejcif;\&vm'frsm;jzpfMuonf/ uREkfyff
wkdYonf bk&m;ociftwGuf zefqif;jcif;cH&aomolrsm;jzpfMuNyD;? bk&m;
ocifESihf oifhwifhrSefuefaom qufqH&if;ESD;rIü uREkfyfwkdYr&Sdrcsif; ppfrSef
aom 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESihf Nidrfoufjcif;ukd vkH;vkH;odem;vnfMurnfr[kwf
yg/ bk&m;ocif\tjyifbufwGif pdwfat;csrf;omrIr&Sdjcif;ESifh tESpf
om&uif;rJhjcif;wkdYom&Sdonf/
bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYukd pdwf&Snfjcif;ESihf
vnf;jynfhapygonf/ pdwf&Snfjcif;qkdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdY\vrf;aMumif;ay:
üqefYusiftwkduftcHjyKjcif;rsm;a&mufvmvifhupm; qufvufopöm
w&m;üwnfNrJEkdifaom tpGrf;tpjzpfonf/ þpdwf&Snfjcif;onf
uREkfyfwkdY\teD;tem;rSvlrsm;ESihf qufqH&mwGif ukd,fhukd,fukdazmfxkwf
jyoygvdrfhrnf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdY\cufcJ½kef;
uefjcif;rsm;ESihf pkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü bk&m;ocifukdapmifhpm;Ekdif&ef
uREkfyfwkdYukdpGrf;aqmifay;rnfh bk&m;ociftm; ukd;pm;,kHMunfrIwpfckudk
uREkfyfwkdYtm;ay;oem;ygonf/
aus;Zl;jyKjcif;? aumif;jrwfjcif;? opömapmifhjcif;? El;nHhodrfarGU
jcif;wkdYonfvnf; oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\vkyaqmifrItm;jzihf uREkfyf
wdkY\toufwmü xGufay:vmMuygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ½kd;om;pGmjzihf
tjcm;olrsm;twGuf pkd;&drfywfoufay;Muygvdrfhrnf/ olwkYd\aumif;&m
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm110 111
apmifhpm;jcif;[kvnf; qdkvkdygvdrfhrnf/ 0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf touf&Sif
aomolrsm;onf rdrdwkdY\toufwmtm; oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd
xdef;csKyfapMuonf/ þokdYjyKvkyf&eftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfawmf\
vrf;jyrItm;rnfokdYem;axmif&rnfukdvnf;aumif;? 0dnmOfawmf\
aphaqmfrIrsm;ukd rnfokdYemcH&rnfukdvnf;aumif; od&SdzkdYvkdtyfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdtjypfrS u,fwifaomtcsdefwGif ocif
c&pfawmf\o@mefawmfü uREkfyfwkdYukdykHoGif;&eftwGufvnf;aumif;?
EkdifiHawmf\trIawmfjrwfü uREkfyfwkdYukdvkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;&eftwGuf
vnf;aumif; uREkfyfwkdYtxJü rdrd\0dnmOfawmfukd oGwfoGif;ay;cJhonf/
0dnmOfawmfütouf&Sif&eftwGuf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmwGif bk&m;
ocifh0dnmOfawmf\rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukd todtrSwfjyKí 0dnmOfawmf\
vrf;jyjcif;ESihf vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;jcif;wkdYü tyfESHzkdYoif,lMu&rnf
jzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmukd bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmftm; xdef;
csKyfapjcif;\&v'fum; rnfokdYjzpfrnfenf;/ 0dnmOfawmfonf rdrd\
toD;ukd uREkfyfwkdYüoD;yGifhapygvdrfhrnf/ 0dnmOfawmftoD;onf þtcef;
\tpykdif;ü uREkfyfwkdYavhvmprf;ppfcJhMuaom Zmwdyuwd\toD;ESihf
qefYusifbufjzpfonf/ aemufvmrnfhusrf;ykd'frsm;wGif &Sifaygvku
0dnmOfawmf\toD;taMumif;ukd qufvufíazmfjyxm;onf/
bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYü cspfjcif;arwåmtoD;
ukd azmfaqmifay;ygvdrfhrnf (i,f 22)/ þcspfjcif;arwåmonf
rnfonhft&mukdrQ tjyeftvSeftm;jzifhr&&Sdrnfukdodvsufyif tjcm;
olrsm;qDokdYvufurf;ay;onfh twåuif;aomcspfjcif;arwåmjzpfonf/
0dnmOfawmfonf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESihf Nidrfoufjcif;ukdvnf;
azmfaqmifay;ygvdrfhrnf/ þt&mrsm;onf bk&m;ocifESihfoifhwifh
rSefuefaom qufqH&if;ESD;rIü&Sdaejcif;\&vm'frsm;jzpfMuonf/ uREkfyff
wkdYonf bk&m;ociftwGuf zefqif;jcif;cH&aomolrsm;jzpfMuNyD;? bk&m;
ocifESihf oifhwifhrSefuefaom qufqH&if;ESD;rIü uREkfyfwkdYr&Sdrcsif; ppfrSef
aom 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESihf Nidrfoufjcif;ukd vkH;vkH;odem;vnfMurnfr[kwf
yg/ bk&m;ocif\tjyifbufwGif pdwfat;csrf;omrIr&Sdjcif;ESifh tESpf
om&uif;rJhjcif;wkdYom&Sdonf/
bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYukd pdwf&Snfjcif;ESihf
vnf;jynfhapygonf/ pdwf&Snfjcif;qkdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdY\vrf;aMumif;ay:
üqefYusiftwkduftcHjyKjcif;rsm;a&mufvmvifhupm; qufvufopöm
w&m;üwnfNrJEkdifaom tpGrf;tpjzpfonf/ þpdwf&Snfjcif;onf
uREkfyfwkdY\teD;tem;rSvlrsm;ESihf qufqH&mwGif ukd,fhukd,fukdazmfxkwf
jyoygvdrfhrnf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdY\cufcJ½kef;
uefjcif;rsm;ESihf pkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü bk&m;ocifukdapmifhpm;Ekdif&ef
uREkfyfwkdYukdpGrf;aqmifay;rnfh bk&m;ociftm; ukd;pm;,kHMunfrIwpfckudk
uREkfyfwkdYtm;ay;oem;ygonf/
aus;Zl;jyKjcif;? aumif;jrwfjcif;? opömapmifhjcif;? El;nHhodrfarGU
jcif;wkdYonfvnf; oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\vkyaqmifrItm;jzihf uREkfyf
wdkY\toufwmü xGufay:vmMuygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ½kd;om;pGmjzihf
tjcm;olrsm;twGuf pkd;&drfywfoufay;Muygvdrfhrnf/ olwkYd\aumif;&m
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm112 113
aumif;usKd;ukd uREkfyfwkdYBudK;pm;&SmBuHMuygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\teD;
tem;rSvlrsm;ESihf qufqH&if;ESD;rIwGifvnf; uREkfyfwkdYonf ,kHMunfxkduf
aomolrsm;jzpfvmMuygvdrfhrnf/ Zmwdyuwdpdwfonf vufiif;tm;&
auseyfrIukd &SmBuHaomfvnf;? 0dnmOfawmfonf ,kHMunfolrsm;\ touf
wmüumr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif; (ukd,fhukd,fukd xdef;csKyfjcif;) ukdazmfaqmif
ay;ygonf/ ,kHMunfolonf rdrd\Zmwdqefaomjyif;jyonfh qE´rsm;\
xdef;csKyfjcif;ukdrcH&bJ? bk&m;ocifukd*kPfjyKvkdaom pdwfqE´\xdef;csKyf
jcif;ukdcH&onf/
tcef;i,f 23 wGif&Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm;
0dnmOfawmf\xdef;csKyfjcif;ESihf vrf;jyjcif;ukdcH&aomolrsm;twGuf
ynwfw&m;rvkdtyfaMumif; today;xm;onf/ 0dnmOfawmf\obm0
toD;u,kHMunfol\toufwmü wkd;yGm;vQufaeaom ajzmifhrwfjcif;ukd
azmfaqmifay;ygvdrfhrnf/ 0dnmOfawmf\xdef;csKyfjcif;ukdcH&aom ,kHMunf
olrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfukdjyoay;zdkY jyifyvrf;ñTefcsuf
tjzpfESifh ynwfw&m;ukdrvkdtyfMuyg/ taMumif;rSm olwkdYonf 0dnmOf
awmf\trIawmfü cspfjcif;arwåmESifhwuGtyfESHonfMuESihftrQ olwkdYukd
twGif;üjyKjyifajymif;vJay;um? ocifc&pfawmf\o@mefawmfü ykHoGif;
ay;aeonfh bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfukd twGif;rSvrf;jyay;ol tjzpf
&Sdxm;MuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
uREkfyfonf ocifa,½IESihfpyfqkdifvQif Zmwda[mif;wGifaoqkH;
oGm;NyDjzpfonf/ ocifa,½IxHü tyfESHjcif;wGif uREkfyf\toufwmukd
ukd,fawmf&Sifu oifhavsmfonf[krSwf,lonfhtwkdif; tokH;jyK&efquf
uyfylaZmfjcif;jzpfonf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\pGrf;aqmifay;jcif;
tm;jzihf uREkfyf\tawG;tac:a[mif;rsm;ukdausmckdif;í ukd,fawmf\
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ü ay;tyftnHhcHvkdufygonf/ uREkfyfonf bk&m;ocifh
0dnmOfawmf\vkyfaqmifrIü udk,fhudk,fudkay;tyf&efa&G;cs,fí 0dnmOf
awmf\trIawmfukd uREkfyftoufwmü BudKqkdvufcHvkdufygonf/
&Sifaygvku oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukdvufcH&&Sdxm;aomol
rsm;tm; xkd0dnmOfawmfESihf ajcvSrf;tnDavQmuf&ayrnf/ þokdYajymqkd
&mwGif &Sifaygvkonf olwkdYukdrdrdwkdYtxJü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd
&Sdxm;Muaomfvnf; xkd0dnmOfawmfESihf &ifabmifwef;trDrvkdufbJ
aejcif;onf jzpfEkdifaomt&mjzpfaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/ þae&mü
awGU&aom t,ltqrSm0dnmOfawmfESihftwl avQmufvSrf;jcif;jzpfonf/
wpfcgwpf&HwGif uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOfa&;ysif;&drI (okdY) pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif;
aMumifh pwifaemufususef&pfcJhMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\
0dnmOfawmfESihf tquftoG,fjywfí b0ifjrifhaom? remvkdjzpfaom?
jiLpl&efpwwfaomolrsm;jzpfvm&efrSm tvGefvG,fulvSygonf
(i,f26)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfvQufESihfyif uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifh
0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;jcif;ESihf vrf;jyay;jcif;wkdYü usKd;EGH
tyfESHjcif;wGif &SifoefavQmufvSrf;jcif;r&SdbJ? Zmwdyuwd\tvkdtwkdif;
touf&SifoefEkdifMuygonf/ ,kHMunfoltajrmuftjrm;onf 0dnmOf
awmfESihf &ifabmifwef;trDvkdufjcif;r&SdMubJ? rdrdwdkYukd,fukd Zmwdyuwd
pdwf\vrf;jyjcif;ESihf OD;aqmifjcif;ukdtcGihfay;cJhMuaomaMumifh uREkfyf
pdwfraumif;jzpf&ygonf/
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm112 113
aumif;usKd;ukd uREkfyfwkdYBudK;pm;&SmBuHMuygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\teD;
tem;rSvlrsm;ESihf qufqH&if;ESD;rIwGifvnf; uREkfyfwkdYonf ,kHMunfxkduf
aomolrsm;jzpfvmMuygvdrfhrnf/ Zmwdyuwdpdwfonf vufiif;tm;&
auseyfrIukd &SmBuHaomfvnf;? 0dnmOfawmfonf ,kHMunfolrsm;\ touf
wmüumr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif; (ukd,fhukd,fukd xdef;csKyfjcif;) ukdazmfaqmif
ay;ygonf/ ,kHMunfolonf rdrd\Zmwdqefaomjyif;jyonfh qE´rsm;\
xdef;csKyfjcif;ukdrcH&bJ? bk&m;ocifukd*kPfjyKvkdaom pdwfqE´\xdef;csKyf
jcif;ukdcH&onf/
tcef;i,f 23 wGif&Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm;
0dnmOfawmf\xdef;csKyfjcif;ESihf vrf;jyjcif;ukdcH&aomolrsm;twGuf
ynwfw&m;rvkdtyfaMumif; today;xm;onf/ 0dnmOfawmf\obm0
toD;u,kHMunfol\toufwmü wkd;yGm;vQufaeaom ajzmifhrwfjcif;ukd
azmfaqmifay;ygvdrfhrnf/ 0dnmOfawmf\xdef;csKyfjcif;ukdcH&aom ,kHMunf
olrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfukdjyoay;zdkY jyifyvrf;ñTefcsuf
tjzpfESifh ynwfw&m;ukdrvkdtyfMuyg/ taMumif;rSm olwkdYonf 0dnmOf
awmf\trIawmfü cspfjcif;arwåmESifhwuGtyfESHonfMuESihftrQ olwkdYukd
twGif;üjyKjyifajymif;vJay;um? ocifc&pfawmf\o@mefawmfü ykHoGif;
ay;aeonfh bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfukd twGif;rSvrf;jyay;ol tjzpf
&Sdxm;MuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
uREkfyfonf ocifa,½IESihfpyfqkdifvQif Zmwda[mif;wGifaoqkH;
oGm;NyDjzpfonf/ ocifa,½IxHü tyfESHjcif;wGif uREkfyf\toufwmukd
ukd,fawmf&Sifu oifhavsmfonf[krSwf,lonfhtwkdif; tokH;jyK&efquf
uyfylaZmfjcif;jzpfonf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\pGrf;aqmifay;jcif;
tm;jzihf uREkfyf\tawG;tac:a[mif;rsm;ukdausmckdif;í ukd,fawmf\
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ü ay;tyftnHhcHvkdufygonf/ uREkfyfonf bk&m;ocifh
0dnmOfawmf\vkyfaqmifrIü udk,fhudk,fudkay;tyf&efa&G;cs,fí 0dnmOf
awmf\trIawmfukd uREkfyftoufwmü BudKqkdvufcHvkdufygonf/
&Sifaygvku oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukdvufcH&&Sdxm;aomol
rsm;tm; xkd0dnmOfawmfESihf ajcvSrf;tnDavQmuf&ayrnf/ þokdYajymqkd
&mwGif &Sifaygvkonf olwkdYukdrdrdwkdYtxJü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd
&Sdxm;Muaomfvnf; xkd0dnmOfawmfESihf &ifabmifwef;trDrvkdufbJ
aejcif;onf jzpfEkdifaomt&mjzpfaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/ þae&mü
awGU&aom t,ltqrSm0dnmOfawmfESihftwl avQmufvSrf;jcif;jzpfonf/
wpfcgwpf&HwGif uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOfa&;ysif;&drI (okdY) pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif;
aMumifh pwifaemufususef&pfcJhMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\
0dnmOfawmfESihf tquftoG,fjywfí b0ifjrifhaom? remvkdjzpfaom?
jiLpl&efpwwfaomolrsm;jzpfvm&efrSm tvGefvG,fulvSygonf
(i,f26)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfvQufESihfyif uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifh
0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;jcif;ESihf vrf;jyay;jcif;wkdYü usKd;EGH
tyfESHjcif;wGif &SifoefavQmufvSrf;jcif;r&SdbJ? Zmwdyuwd\tvkdtwkdif;
touf&SifoefEkdifMuygonf/ ,kHMunfoltajrmuftjrm;onf 0dnmOf
awmfESihf &ifabmifwef;trDvkdufjcif;r&SdMubJ? rdrdwdkYukd,fukd Zmwdyuwd
pdwf\vrf;jyjcif;ESihf OD;aqmifjcif;ukdtcGihfay;cJhMuaomaMumifh uREkfyf
pdwfraumif;jzpf&ygonf/
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm114
,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESifh uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü tBuD;rm;qkH;
aompdwfqE´rsm;teufrS wpfckrSm0dnmOfawmfESihf &ifabmifwef;trSD
vkdufí t&mcyfodrf;ü 0dnmOfawmfESihftwl &SifoefavQmufvSrf;&ef
jzpf&ayrnf/ uREkfyfwkYdonf 0dnmOfawmfxHüusKd;EGHtyfESHrSomvQif aus;Zl;
awmftm;jzihf xkd0dnmOfawmfu ay;oem;vkdaomwefckd;ESihf pGrf;aqmif
ay;jcif;wkdYukd BuHKawGUcHpm;EkdifMurnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmfESihf ajcvSrf;tnDavQmufrSomvQif ocifa,½ItwGuf
touf&SifEkdifí xkdocifukdbkef;awmfxif&Sm;apEkdifMurnfjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ vrf;jyOD;aqmifjcif;ukdcH&zkdY
EIwfuywfawmfüvnf;aumif;? qkawmif;jcif;üvnf;aumif; qufvuf
wnfaeMu&efrSm tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ omref c&pf,meftoufwm
onf uREkfyfwkdY\txJü udef;0yfawmfrlaom ocifc&pfawmf\ 0dnmOf
awmfxHrS Mum;emjcif;ESihfxdk0dnmOfawmfxHü tavsmhay;tyfESHjcif;
toufwmjzpf&rnfjzpfonf/
ed*kH;csKyftaejzihf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftaMumif; t,l0g'
ESihfpyfvsOf;í ra&r&mESihfa&maxG;rIrsm;pGm&SdaeaMumif;ajymcsifygonf/
þusrf;csufü uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUzkdYta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfonf ,kHMunfolwpfOD;\txJü vma&mufudef;0yfawmf
rlonfh ppfrSefaomyk*¾dKvfwpfyg;jzpfonf[laom tcsufjzpfonf/ xkd
0dnmOfawmf\&nf&G,fcsufrSm uREkfyfwkdYukdor®mw&m;xJü vrf;jyOD;
aqmifí ocifc&pfawmf\ykHo@mefawmfü uREkfyfwkdYukdykHoGif;um?
EkdifiHawmf\trIawmfjrwfü uREkfyfwkdYukdvkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;&ef
jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\txJü udef;0yfaeaombk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfukd
uREkfyfwkdYoduRrf;xm;&efrSm rvkyfrjzpfvkyfaqmif&rnfhjzpft&mjzpfonf/
0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdY\tjypfukdazmfjyaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY0efcH
tavsmhay;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYukd vrf;jyay;aomtcg &J&ifhpGmjzihf
vdkufavQmufzkdYvkdtyfonf/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmftm; oduRrf;jcif;
ESihfxkd0dnmOfawmfESihf rdó[m,zGJJUjcif;ü avQmufvSrf;jcif;wdkY\jyifywGif
ppfrSefaomatmif jrifjcif;r&Sdyg/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
Zmyuwdpdwf\ rufarmawmifhwaomt&mrsm;rSm rnfonfh
t&mrsm;jzpfMuoenf;/ oifwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;ü Zmwdyuwd
pdwf\ oufaotaxmuftxm;rsm;ukd oifawGUjrifygovm;/
OyrmtcsKdUukday;yg/
oihftoufwmü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf rsufarSmufjyKjcif;\
taxmuftxm;um;tb,fenf;/ oifonf0dnmOfawmfukd ykdí
ykdíoduRrf;vmygovm;/
,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmrS Zmwdyuwd\
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ukd rnfokdYtEkdif,lEkdifrnfenf;/
oifonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESihf &ifabmifwef;trDvkduf
aeygovm;/ oihftoufwmü 0dnmOfawmf\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;
ESihfvrf;jyrIukd owdjyKrdygovm;/
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif; 115
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm114
,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESifh uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü tBuD;rm;qkH;
aompdwfqE´rsm;teufrS wpfckrSm0dnmOfawmfESihf &ifabmifwef;trSD
vkdufí t&mcyfodrf;ü 0dnmOfawmfESihftwl &SifoefavQmufvSrf;&ef
jzpf&ayrnf/ uREkfyfwkYdonf 0dnmOfawmfxHüusKd;EGHtyfESHrSomvQif aus;Zl;
awmftm;jzihf xkd0dnmOfawmfu ay;oem;vkdaomwefckd;ESihf pGrf;aqmif
ay;jcif;wkdYukd BuHKawGUcHpm;EkdifMurnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmfESihf ajcvSrf;tnDavQmufrSomvQif ocifa,½ItwGuf
touf&SifEkdifí xkdocifukdbkef;awmfxif&Sm;apEkdifMurnfjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ vrf;jyOD;aqmifjcif;ukdcH&zkdY
EIwfuywfawmfüvnf;aumif;? qkawmif;jcif;üvnf;aumif; qufvuf
wnfaeMu&efrSm tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ omref c&pf,meftoufwm
onf uREkfyfwkdY\txJü udef;0yfawmfrlaom ocifc&pfawmf\ 0dnmOf
awmfxHrS Mum;emjcif;ESihfxdk0dnmOfawmfxHü tavsmhay;tyfESHjcif;
toufwmjzpf&rnfjzpfonf/
ed*kH;csKyftaejzihf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftaMumif; t,l0g'
ESihfpyfvsOf;í ra&r&mESihfa&maxG;rIrsm;pGm&SdaeaMumif;ajymcsifygonf/
þusrf;csufü uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUzkdYta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfonf ,kHMunfolwpfOD;\txJü vma&mufudef;0yfawmf
rlonfh ppfrSefaomyk*¾dKvfwpfyg;jzpfonf[laom tcsufjzpfonf/ xkd
0dnmOfawmf\&nf&G,fcsufrSm uREkfyfwkdYukdor®mw&m;xJü vrf;jyOD;
aqmifí ocifc&pfawmf\ykHo@mefawmfü uREkfyfwkdYukdykHoGif;um?
EkdifiHawmf\trIawmfjrwfü uREkfyfwkdYukdvkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;&ef
jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\txJü udef;0yfaeaombk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfukd
uREkfyfwkdYoduRrf;xm;&efrSm rvkyfrjzpfvkyfaqmif&rnfhjzpft&mjzpfonf/
0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdY\tjypfukdazmfjyaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY0efcH
tavsmhay;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYukd vrf;jyay;aomtcg &J&ifhpGmjzihf
vdkufavQmufzkdYvkdtyfonf/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmftm; oduRrf;jcif;
ESihfxkd0dnmOfawmfESihf rdó[m,zGJJUjcif;ü avQmufvSrf;jcif;wdkY\jyifywGif
ppfrSefaomatmif jrifjcif;r&Sdyg/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
Zmyuwdpdwf\ rufarmawmifhwaomt&mrsm;rSm rnfonfh
t&mrsm;jzpfMuoenf;/ oifwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;ü Zmwdyuwd
pdwf\ oufaotaxmuftxm;rsm;ukd oifawGUjrifygovm;/
OyrmtcsKdUukday;yg/
oihftoufwmü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf rsufarSmufjyKjcif;\
taxmuftxm;um;tb,fenf;/ oifonf0dnmOfawmfukd ykdí
ykdíoduRrf;vmygovm;/
,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmrS Zmwdyuwd\
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ukd rnfokdYtEkdif,lEkdifrnfenf;/
oifonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESihf &ifabmifwef;trDvkduf
aeygovm;/ oihftoufwmü 0dnmOfawmf\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;
ESihfvrf;jyrIukd owdjyKrdygovm;/
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif; 115
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm116
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY\
toufwmü udef;0yfaexkdifzdkYuREkfyfwkdYtm; ay;oem;cJhonfh
twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
omíeufeJaom oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ trIawmftwGuf
oihfpdwfESvkH;ukd zGihf[ay;&ef ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\oabmobm0ukd oihfxHüykdí eufeuf
eJeJazmfxkwfjyoay;rnfhtaMumif;awmif;avQmufyg/
tcef;i,f 22 &Sd 0dnmOfawmf\toD;ukdMunfhyg/ rnfonfh
toD;onf oihftoufwmü uif;rJhaeoenf;/ xkdtoD;ukd oihf
toufwmü azmfaqmifay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtoufwmü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESihf ajcvSrf;tnD
avQmufEkdif&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
1111
1111
11
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
*vmwd 6;1-8 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkonf *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; ynwfw&m;atmuf
rS 4if;wkdY\vGwfajrmufjcif;onf Zmwdyuwdtvkdukd vkduf&ef4if;wkdYukd
vkH;vkH;rjzpfapoihfaMumif; today;aecJhygonf/ olonf,kHMunfol
rsm;ukd bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfESihf ]]ajcvSrf;trDvkduf&ef}} (0dnmOf
yuwdtwkdif;usihf&ef) pdefac:cJhonf/ ocifbk&m;ESihfuREkfyfwkdY\ qufqH
&if;ESD;rIonf yk*¾dKvfa&;qefaomfvnf;? þqufqH&if;ESD;rIonf tjcm;
,kHMunfolrsm;xHrS oD;oefYaexkdifjcif;wGif rjzpfwnfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\c&pf
,meftoufwm&Sifoefjcif;wGif c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmf ta&;ygykH
ukd&Sifvkumu þtykdif;wGifjyefvnf twnfjyKxm;onf/
&Sifaygvku 0dnmOfoabm&Sdaom (0dnmOfyuwdtwkdif;usifh
aom)olwkdYukd tjypf'kp½kduf\aoG;aqmifjcif;cH&omolrsm;tm; ulnD
rpMuzkdY pdefac:cJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\tqkdt&? tjypf'kp½kduf\aoG;
aqmifjcif;ukdcH&aomolrsm;tm; rlvtajctaeü jyefvnfa&mufzkdY
ulnDrpay;jcif;onf 0dnmOfoabm&Sdaom ,kHMunfolwkdif;\ wm0ef
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm116
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY\
toufwmü udef;0yfaexkdifzdkYuREkfyfwkdYtm; ay;oem;cJhonfh
twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
omíeufeJaom oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ trIawmftwGuf
oihfpdwfESvkH;ukd zGihf[ay;&ef ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\oabmobm0ukd oihfxHüykdí eufeuf
eJeJazmfxkwfjyoay;rnfhtaMumif;awmif;avQmufyg/
tcef;i,f 22 &Sd 0dnmOfawmf\toD;ukdMunfhyg/ rnfonfh
toD;onf oihftoufwmü uif;rJhaeoenf;/ xkdtoD;ukd oihf
toufwmü azmfaqmifay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtoufwmü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESihf ajcvSrf;tnD
avQmufEkdif&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
1111
1111
11
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
*vmwd 6;1-8 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkonf *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; ynwfw&m;atmuf
rS 4if;wkdY\vGwfajrmufjcif;onf Zmwdyuwdtvkdukd vkduf&ef4if;wkdYukd
vkH;vkH;rjzpfapoihfaMumif; today;aecJhygonf/ olonf,kHMunfol
rsm;ukd bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfESihf ]]ajcvSrf;trDvkduf&ef}} (0dnmOf
yuwdtwkdif;usihf&ef) pdefac:cJhonf/ ocifbk&m;ESihfuREkfyfwkdY\ qufqH
&if;ESD;rIonf yk*¾dKvfa&;qefaomfvnf;? þqufqH&if;ESD;rIonf tjcm;
,kHMunfolrsm;xHrS oD;oefYaexkdifjcif;wGif rjzpfwnfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\c&pf
,meftoufwm&Sifoefjcif;wGif c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmf ta&;ygykH
ukd&Sifvkumu þtykdif;wGifjyefvnf twnfjyKxm;onf/
&Sifaygvku 0dnmOfoabm&Sdaom (0dnmOfyuwdtwkdif;usifh
aom)olwkdYukd tjypf'kp½kduf\aoG;aqmifjcif;cH&omolrsm;tm; ulnD
rpMuzkdY pdefac:cJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\tqkdt&? tjypf'kp½kduf\aoG;
aqmifjcif;ukdcH&aomolrsm;tm; rlvtajctaeü jyefvnfa&mufzkdY
ulnDrpay;jcif;onf 0dnmOfoabm&Sdaom ,kHMunfolwkdif;\ wm0ef
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm118 119ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
wpf&yfjzpfonf/ pmwefonf þvkyfief;pOfudk tpGrf;ukefqD;wm;aESmuf
,SufrnfjzpfaMumif; pdwfcsxm;yg/ uREkfyfwkYd\nDtpfudkarmifESrrsm;
xHü 4if;wkdY\tjypf'kp½kdufukd tb,fhaMumihfoGm;a&mufxkwfazmf rajym
oihfonfh trsKd;rsKd;aomtaMumif;jycsufrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfxJü
pmwefu oGwfoGif;ygvdrfhrnf/ &Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;
tm; nDtpfukdarmifESrwpfa,mufa,mufukd 4if;wkdY\tjypf'kp½kdufESihf
ywfoufí xdyfwdkuf&ifqkdifjcif;onf ESpfvkdzG,f&Sdí tMuifemw&m;ESihf
jynfhaomvkyf&yfvnf;jzpfonfajymcJhonf/
okdYaomf? tjypfaoG;aqmifjcif;ukd cHae&aomnDtpfukd armifESr
wpfa,muftm; rnfokdYajymqkd&rnfukd owdjyKyg/ a&S;OD;pGm? tjypf
'kp½kdufESihf ywfoufíwpfOD;wpfa,mufukd rcsOf;uyfrDwGif uREkfyfwkdY
onf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESihf pdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfjcif;ü &Sifoef
avQmufvSrf;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ ukd,fhrsufpdüopfwkH;&SdaecsdefwGif nDtpfukd
armifESrwpfa,mufa,mufukd 4if;wkdY\rsufpdü&Sdaom ajimihfi,f
twGuf a0zefjypfwifjcif;ESihf ywfoufíc&pf0ifusrf;rsm;wGif ocif
a,½Iu uREkfyfwkdYukdtoday;xm;onf (róJ 7;3)/ uREkfyfwkdYukd,fwkdifu
ocifbk&m;twGuf toufr&SifMuvQif nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;tm;
4if;wkdY\ tjypf'kp½kdufESihfpyfvsOf;í ajymqkdqkH;r&ef uREkfyfwkdYü rnfokdY
tcGihftmPm&Sdrnfenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYavQmufvSrf;cJhaom tuGmta0;txd
omvlrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYOD;aqmifEkdifygvdrfhrnf/
'kwd,taejzihf? rlvtajctaeü xkdokdYjyefxm;ay;jcif;ukd
odrfarGUEl;nHhjcif;ESihftwl jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfaMumif;owdjyKyg/ olwpfyg;
ukdjyif;jyif;xefxefESihf jypfwifa0zefrd&efrSm vG,fulonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
tjypfom;rsm;tay:ü bk&m;ocifjyoaom oem;jcif;*½kPm
w&m;xuftvGefYtvGefavsmhenf;íjyowwfMuonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;u
tjypf'kp½kduf\aoG;aqmifjcif;ukd cH&aomtjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;ukd txif
tjrifao;Muonfukd uREkfyfjrifawGUzl;onf/ tjypf'kp½kdufü vJNydKaeaom
olrsm;ukd toif;awmfrsm;u Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf;ESihf jyif;jyif;xefxef
ukdifwG,fcJhMuonfukd uREkfyfjrifawGUzl;onf/ ocifa,½Iu umr*kPf
rSm;,Gif;jcif;trIukd usL;vGefcJhaomtrsKd;orD;tm; rnfokdYqufqHajymqkd
cJhonfukd owd&yg (a,m[ef 8)/ olrukdtjcm;olrsm;u ausmufcJESihf
ypfíowfvkdcJhMuaomfvnf;? ocifa,½Iurl BuD;rm;aomoem;jcif;
*½kPmukd jycJhonf/ ukd,fawmfonf olrukdodrfarGUEl;nHhpGmajymqkd
qufqHcJhonf/ tjypfom;rsm;u tNrJvkdvkd vkdtyfaomt&mrSmolwkdYukd
xlray;rnfh oem;jcif;*½kPmvufwpfpkHjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf
rdrdwkdYtoif;awmfrsm;xHrS &&SdcJhaomwkefYjyefykHrsm;aMumifh ukd,fhukd,fukd
tjypf'kp½kdufü eufoxufeufatmif wl;0ifaeMuonfukd uREkfyfwkdY
tm;vkH;awGUjrifzl;Muygonf/ olwkdY\ajcay:ü jyefvnf&yfwnfvmEkdifzkdY
cspfjcif;arwåmESihfwuG odrfarGEl;nHhpGmjzihf ulnDay;Murnfhtpm; olwkdYukd
a&SmifusOfí ab;z,fxm;Muygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;
ukdrlvtajctaeü jyefvnfxm;&SdzkdY vkyfaqmif&mwGif ocifc&pfawmf
\pdwfaeoabmxm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYü&Sdxm;MuzkdY &Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYukd
pdefac:xm;onf/
wwd,taejzihf? tcef;i,f 1 wGif rlvae&mü jyefvnfxm;&Sd
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm118 119ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
wpf&yfjzpfonf/ pmwefonf þvkyfief;pOfudk tpGrf;ukefqD;wm;aESmuf
,SufrnfjzpfaMumif; pdwfcsxm;yg/ uREkfyfwkYd\nDtpfudkarmifESrrsm;
xHü 4if;wkdY\tjypf'kp½kdufukd tb,fhaMumihfoGm;a&mufxkwfazmf rajym
oihfonfh trsKd;rsKd;aomtaMumif;jycsufrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfxJü
pmwefu oGwfoGif;ygvdrfhrnf/ &Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;
tm; nDtpfukdarmifESrwpfa,mufa,mufukd 4if;wkdY\tjypf'kp½kdufESihf
ywfoufí xdyfwdkuf&ifqkdifjcif;onf ESpfvkdzG,f&Sdí tMuifemw&m;ESihf
jynfhaomvkyf&yfvnf;jzpfonfajymcJhonf/
okdYaomf? tjypfaoG;aqmifjcif;ukd cHae&aomnDtpfukd armifESr
wpfa,muftm; rnfokdYajymqkd&rnfukd owdjyKyg/ a&S;OD;pGm? tjypf
'kp½kdufESihf ywfoufíwpfOD;wpfa,mufukd rcsOf;uyfrDwGif uREkfyfwkdY
onf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESihf pdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfjcif;ü &Sifoef
avQmufvSrf;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ ukd,fhrsufpdüopfwkH;&SdaecsdefwGif nDtpfukd
armifESrwpfa,mufa,mufukd 4if;wkdY\rsufpdü&Sdaom ajimihfi,f
twGuf a0zefjypfwifjcif;ESihf ywfoufíc&pf0ifusrf;rsm;wGif ocif
a,½Iu uREkfyfwkdYukdtoday;xm;onf (róJ 7;3)/ uREkfyfwkdYukd,fwkdifu
ocifbk&m;twGuf toufr&SifMuvQif nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;tm;
4if;wkdY\ tjypf'kp½kdufESihfpyfvsOf;í ajymqkdqkH;r&ef uREkfyfwkdYü rnfokdY
tcGihftmPm&Sdrnfenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYavQmufvSrf;cJhaom tuGmta0;txd
omvlrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYOD;aqmifEkdifygvdrfhrnf/
'kwd,taejzihf? rlvtajctaeü xkdokdYjyefxm;ay;jcif;ukd
odrfarGUEl;nHhjcif;ESihftwl jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfaMumif;owdjyKyg/ olwpfyg;
ukdjyif;jyif;xefxefESihf jypfwifa0zefrd&efrSm vG,fulonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
tjypfom;rsm;tay:ü bk&m;ocifjyoaom oem;jcif;*½kPm
w&m;xuftvGefYtvGefavsmhenf;íjyowwfMuonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;u
tjypf'kp½kduf\aoG;aqmifjcif;ukd cH&aomtjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;ukd txif
tjrifao;Muonfukd uREkfyfjrifawGUzl;onf/ tjypf'kp½kdufü vJNydKaeaom
olrsm;ukd toif;awmfrsm;u Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf;ESihf jyif;jyif;xefxef
ukdifwG,fcJhMuonfukd uREkfyfjrifawGUzl;onf/ ocifa,½Iu umr*kPf
rSm;,Gif;jcif;trIukd usL;vGefcJhaomtrsKd;orD;tm; rnfokdYqufqHajymqkd
cJhonfukd owd&yg (a,m[ef 8)/ olrukdtjcm;olrsm;u ausmufcJESihf
ypfíowfvkdcJhMuaomfvnf;? ocifa,½Iurl BuD;rm;aomoem;jcif;
*½kPmukd jycJhonf/ ukd,fawmfonf olrukdodrfarGUEl;nHhpGmajymqkd
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zkdYvkdtyfaMumif; &Sifaygvku*vmwdtoif;om;rsm;ukd azmfjycJhonf/
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oifukd,fwkdifonfvnf; tjypf'kp½kdufü vJNydKEkdifcJhonfukd owd&yg/
tcsKdUaomtjypf'kp½kdufrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYusL;vGefEkdifjcif;\ wpfzufurf;
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vkyfygonf/
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tcef;i,f 7-10 wGif &Sifaygvku vlwkYdonfrdrdwkdYrsKd;BuJonfh
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jzpfonf[k t"dyÜg,faumufaumif;aumufcJhMuayrnf/ &Sifaygvku
þpdwfoabmxm;udk pdefac:cJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfxHü
tnHhcHtyfESHjcif;onf cufcJaomtvkyfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYrsKd;BuJonfh
twkdif; uREkfyfwkdY&dwfodrf;Mu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf &efol\vdrfnmvSnfh
jzm;rIukd qufvufí,kHMunfaeMuvQif uREkfyfonfbk&m;ocifukd rdrd\
or®mw&m;ESihf uREkfyfwkdYukdjynfhapzkdY rnfokdYarQmfvifhEkdifrnfenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY
onfem;usnf;cg;oD;rIESihf remvkdrIwkdYukd pdwfESvkH;xJü qufvufíBuD;
xGm;cGihfjyKaevQif? xkdt&monf bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfukd 0rf;enf;
aprnfr[kwfygvm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf tjypf'kp½kdufrsKd;aphukd qufBuJNyD;
tjypf'kp½kdufukd qufvuf&dwfodrf;aeMuvQif? toufwmü tjypf'kp
½kdufukdykdíykdí awGUjrif&zkdYomarQmfvifh&ygrnf/ okdYaomf tjcm;wpfzuf
wGifbk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfütyfESHMuvQif uREkfyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfawmf\
toD; uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmütjrpfwnfvmonfukd awGUjrifMu&yg
vdrfhrnf/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESihf vkdufavsmfnDaxG&SdpGmavQmufvSrf;
jcif;onf cufcJaomtvkyfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\twåüvnf;aumif;?
uREfkyffwkdY\t,ltqrsm;üvnf;aumif; aeYpOfaoqkH;zkdYvkdtyfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\um;wkdifukd aeYpOfxrf;í uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf&Sdaom pdwfqE´
rsm;ukd um;pifwifMu&rnfjzpfonf/ Zmwdyuwd\tjypf&Sdaom vkyf&yf
rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYvkH;vkH;tEkdif,lEkdifrnfvm;[k uREkfyfwkdYwpfcgwpf&H
odcsifcJhMuygrnf/ tcef;i,f 9 wGif&Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;
rsm;tm; aumif;aomtusihfukdusifhjcif;wGif tm;ravsmh? pdwfrysufMuzkdY
wkdufwGef;cJhonf/ rm&fewfukd qD;wm;jcif;wGif onf;cHBudK;yrf;yg/ xkdokdY
jyKvQif olonfoifhxHrSxGufajy;zkdYwGef;tm;ay;cH&ygvdrfhrnf (,mukyf
4;7)/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;rsKd;aphukd qufíBuJyg/ tcsdefwefvQif &dwfodrf;
jcif;ukd jyK&ygvdrhfrnf/ þt&monf uREkfyfwdkYtwGuf tvGefBuD;rm;aom
cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;rI wpfckr[kwfygvm;/ atmifjrifrItm;vkH;onf
wpfntwGif;ü jzpfrvmMuyg/ tcsKdUaomatmifjrifrIrsm;onf umv
twefMumcufcufcJcJ ckcHwGef;vSefjcif;tm;jzihf jzpfvmMuaomfvnf;
atmifjrifrItm;vkH;onf xkdokdYatmifEkdif&eftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYukdvkyfykdif
cGihftmPmay;onfh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzihf jzpfwnfvmMu
jcif;jzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 10 wGif&Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm;
4if;wkdYonf tcGihfaumif;BuHKonfESihf wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;aus;Zl;jyKMu&rnf
jzpfaMumif;ajymcJhonf/ olwkdY\a&SUwGif&Sdaeaom wkdufyGJonfcufcJí
umvtwefMumwkduf&rnfh wkdufyGJjzpfonf/ olwkdYonf&efolukd
wpfa,mufwnf; rwkdufckdufEkdifyg/ wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; olwdkYvkdtyfMuonf/
olwkdY\0efxkyfrsm;ukd ulo,fay;rnfholrsm;ukd olwkdYvkdtyfMuonf/ c&pf
,meftoufwmonf tzGGJUvkdufBudK;pm;tm;xkwf&aomt&mjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf wkdufyGJukdatmifjrifzkdYqkdvQif wpfOD;csif;urdrd\tcef;u@
ukdpGrf;aqmifMuzkdY vdktyfonf/
tcef;i,f 11-18 wGif &Sifaygvku rdrd\pmukdaemufqkH; trSm
pum;tcsKdUESihftwl ed*kH;csKyfcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;
rsm;tm;olonf þpmukdpmvkH;BuD;BuD;rsm;jzihf rdrd\vufESihfa&;om;cJh
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum; 125
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm124
jzpfonf[k t"dyÜg,faumufaumif;aumufcJhMuayrnf/ &Sifaygvku
þpdwfoabmxm;udk pdefac:cJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfxHü
tnHhcHtyfESHjcif;onf cufcJaomtvkyfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYrsKd;BuJonfh
twkdif; uREkfyfwkdY&dwfodrf;Mu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf &efol\vdrfnmvSnfh
jzm;rIukd qufvufí,kHMunfaeMuvQif uREkfyfonfbk&m;ocifukd rdrd\
or®mw&m;ESihf uREkfyfwkdYukdjynfhapzkdY rnfokdYarQmfvifhEkdifrnfenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY
onfem;usnf;cg;oD;rIESihf remvkdrIwkdYukd pdwfESvkH;xJü qufvufíBuD;
xGm;cGihfjyKaevQif? xkdt&monf bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfukd 0rf;enf;
aprnfr[kwfygvm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf tjypf'kp½kdufrsKd;aphukd qufBuJNyD;
tjypf'kp½kdufukd qufvuf&dwfodrf;aeMuvQif? toufwmü tjypf'kp
½kdufukdykdíykdí awGUjrif&zkdYomarQmfvifh&ygrnf/ okdYaomf tjcm;wpfzuf
wGifbk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfütyfESHMuvQif uREkfyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfawmf\
toD; uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmütjrpfwnfvmonfukd awGUjrifMu&yg
vdrfhrnf/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESihf vkdufavsmfnDaxG&SdpGmavQmufvSrf;
jcif;onf cufcJaomtvkyfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\twåüvnf;aumif;?
uREfkyffwkdY\t,ltqrsm;üvnf;aumif; aeYpOfaoqkH;zkdYvkdtyfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\um;wkdifukd aeYpOfxrf;í uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf&Sdaom pdwfqE´
rsm;ukd um;pifwifMu&rnfjzpfonf/ Zmwdyuwd\tjypf&Sdaom vkyf&yf
rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYvkH;vkH;tEkdif,lEkdifrnfvm;[k uREkfyfwkdYwpfcgwpf&H
odcsifcJhMuygrnf/ tcef;i,f 9 wGif&Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;
rsm;tm; aumif;aomtusihfukdusifhjcif;wGif tm;ravsmh? pdwfrysufMuzkdY
wkdufwGef;cJhonf/ rm&fewfukd qD;wm;jcif;wGif onf;cHBudK;yrf;yg/ xkdokdY
jyKvQif olonfoifhxHrSxGufajy;zkdYwGef;tm;ay;cH&ygvdrfhrnf (,mukyf
4;7)/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;rsKd;aphukd qufíBuJyg/ tcsdefwefvQif &dwfodrf;
jcif;ukd jyK&ygvdrhfrnf/ þt&monf uREkfyfwdkYtwGuf tvGefBuD;rm;aom
cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;rI wpfckr[kwfygvm;/ atmifjrifrItm;vkH;onf
wpfntwGif;ü jzpfrvmMuyg/ tcsKdUaomatmifjrifrIrsm;onf umv
twefMumcufcufcJcJ ckcHwGef;vSefjcif;tm;jzihf jzpfvmMuaomfvnf;
atmifjrifrItm;vkH;onf xkdokdYatmifEkdif&eftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYukdvkyfykdif
cGihftmPmay;onfh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzihf jzpfwnfvmMu
jcif;jzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 10 wGif&Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm;
4if;wkdYonf tcGihfaumif;BuHKonfESihf wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;aus;Zl;jyKMu&rnf
jzpfaMumif;ajymcJhonf/ olwkdY\a&SUwGif&Sdaeaom wkdufyGJonfcufcJí
umvtwefMumwkduf&rnfh wkdufyGJjzpfonf/ olwkdYonf&efolukd
wpfa,mufwnf; rwkdufckdufEkdifyg/ wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; olwdkYvkdtyfMuonf/
olwkdY\0efxkyfrsm;ukd ulo,fay;rnfholrsm;ukd olwkdYvkdtyfMuonf/ c&pf
,meftoufwmonf tzGGJUvkdufBudK;pm;tm;xkwf&aomt&mjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf wkdufyGJukdatmifjrifzkdYqkdvQif wpfOD;csif;urdrd\tcef;u@
ukdpGrf;aqmifMuzkdY vdktyfonf/
tcef;i,f 11-18 wGif &Sifaygvku rdrd\pmukdaemufqkH; trSm
pum;tcsKdUESihftwl ed*kH;csKyfcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;
rsm;tm;olonf þpmukdpmvkH;BuD;BuD;rsm;jzihf rdrd\vufESihfa&;om;cJh
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum; 125
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm126 127
aMumif; ñTefjycJhonf/ þtcsufu wrefawmfBuD;onf tjriftm½kHü
tcuftcJ&SdaeaMumif; ,lqapygonf/ þokdYjzpf&jcif;rSm olonf'rm
oufNrdKUokdYoGm;aomvrf;ay:ü bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfukd jrifawGUcJh
aomaMumihf jzpfEkdifygovm;/ þt&monf &Sifaygvk\ukd,fü pl;aom
ql;vm;/ uREkfyfwkdYukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymjyrxm;cJhyg/
&Sifaygvkonf *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;
taMumif; oGefoifay;aeaomolrsm;taMumif;ukd wpfzefowday;cJh
onf/ rSm;,Gif;aom þq&mrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\pum;tvuFm<u,fí
ajr§mufyifhajymqkdwwfaom pum;vkH;rsm;aMumihf txifBuD;avmufp&m
aumif;aomfvnf; olwkdY\t&if;cHpdwfrSm rSm;,Gif;aeygonf/ olwkdYonf
rdrdwdkY\ tjyifyef;omoma&;vkyfaqmifcsufjzifh tjcm;olrsm;\ txif
BuD;rIukdcH&zkdY arma&S\ynwfw&m;ukdapmifhxdef;vkdcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/
olwkdYonf um;wkdifESihf,SOfaomaus;Zl;awmfw&m;a'oemtwGuf
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcH&rnfukd pkd;&drfcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf ocifa,½ItwGuf
&yfwnfay;zkdY owådr&SdcJhMuyg/ olwkdYzufokdYajymif;vJvmaomolrsm;\
ta&twGufwGif emrnfaumif;,lzkdY *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; ta&
zsm;vSD;jcif;ukd cH,lMuzkdYtwif;tusyf apckdif;aeMujcif;jzpfonf (i,f
13)/ &Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm;ajymjycJhonfh ,kHMunfol
rsm;*kPf,l0g<um;&rnfh wpfckwnf;aomt&mrSm ocifa,½I\vuf0g;
um;wkdifomjzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm xkdt&monfuREkfyfwkdY\ wpfckwnf;
aomarQmfvifhcsufESifh bkef;usufoa&jzpfaomaMumihfjzpfonf (i,f
14)/
vlwpfOD;onf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udk cH,lonfjzpfap? rcH,lonf
jzpfap ta&;rBuD;aMumif; &SifaygvkuaumufcsufcscJhonf/ ta&;BuD;
aomtcsufrSm xkdolonfocifc&pfawmfü topfjyKjyifaom owå0g
jzpf? rjzpfomjzpfonf (i,f 15)/ ocifc&pfawmf\ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmfonf uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;xJü vma&mufudef;0yfaecJhygovm;/
þt&monf ta&;BuD;aomt&mjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf aemufqkH;
aomaeYwGif ocifa,½I\a&SUawmfü&yfMuaomtcg ukd,fawmfonf
uREkfyfwdkYta&zsm;vSD;jcif;cH? rcHukd ppfaq;Munfh½Irnfr[kwfyg/ rnfonfh
toif;awmfü uREkfyfwkdYyg0ifwufa&mufonfukd pdwf0ifpm;rnfr[kwfyg/
þurÇmkajrü uREkfyfwkdYtouf&SifpOfü ukokdvfaumif;rI rnfrQvkyfcJhonf
ukdvnf; &SmMunfhrnfr[kwfyg/ ukd,fawmf&Sif Munfh½Irnfhwpfckwnf;
aomt&mrSm uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;xJü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfaexkdifjcif;
&Sd? r&SdESihf uREkfyfwkdY\txJ&Sd xkd0dnmOfawmf\aus;Zl;BuD;vSaom trI
awmfü uREkfyfusKd;EGHtyfESHjcif; &Sd? r&Sdukdjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 17 wGif&Sifaygvku or®mw&m;ukd a[majymjcif;
aMumifh rdrd\ukd,fcE¨mü &&SdcJhaom'Pf&mrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í rdrdtm;
'ku©ay;rnfholrsm;ukd today;jcif;jzihf ed*kH;csKyfcJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonf
{0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;)awmfukdr&SufcJhyg/ olonf þ'Pf
csufrsm;ukd *kPfxl;aqmifwHqdyfrsm;tjzpfcH,lcJhonf/ ppfom;wpf
a,mufu rdrd\qkwHqdyfrsm;ukd0wfqifouJhokdY &Sifaygvkuvnf; xdk
'Pf&mrsm;udk0wfqifcJhygonf/ þ'Pfcsufrsm;onf or®mw&m;twGuf
rm;rm;&yf wnfcJhaomolwpfa,muf\trSwftom;rsm;jzpfMuonf/
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm126 127
aMumif; ñTefjycJhonf/ þtcsufu wrefawmfBuD;onf tjriftm½kHü
tcuftcJ&SdaeaMumif; ,lqapygonf/ þokdYjzpf&jcif;rSm olonf'rm
oufNrdKUokdYoGm;aomvrf;ay:ü bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfukd jrifawGUcJh
aomaMumihf jzpfEkdifygovm;/ þt&monf &Sifaygvk\ukd,fü pl;aom
ql;vm;/ uREkfyfwkdYukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymjyrxm;cJhyg/
&Sifaygvkonf *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;
taMumif; oGefoifay;aeaomolrsm;taMumif;ukd wpfzefowday;cJh
onf/ rSm;,Gif;aom þq&mrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\pum;tvuFm<u,fí
ajr§mufyifhajymqkdwwfaom pum;vkH;rsm;aMumihf txifBuD;avmufp&m
aumif;aomfvnf; olwkdY\t&if;cHpdwfrSm rSm;,Gif;aeygonf/ olwkdYonf
rdrdwdkY\ tjyifyef;omoma&;vkyfaqmifcsufjzifh tjcm;olrsm;\ txif
BuD;rIukdcH&zkdY arma&S\ynwfw&m;ukdapmifhxdef;vkdcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/
olwkdYonf um;wkdifESihf,SOfaomaus;Zl;awmfw&m;a'oemtwGuf
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcH&rnfukd pkd;&drfcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf ocifa,½ItwGuf
&yfwnfay;zkdY owådr&SdcJhMuyg/ olwkdYzufokdYajymif;vJvmaomolrsm;\
ta&twGufwGif emrnfaumif;,lzkdY *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; ta&
zsm;vSD;jcif;ukd cH,lMuzkdYtwif;tusyf apckdif;aeMujcif;jzpfonf (i,f
13)/ &Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm;ajymjycJhonfh ,kHMunfol
rsm;*kPf,l0g<um;&rnfh wpfckwnf;aomt&mrSm ocifa,½I\vuf0g;
um;wkdifomjzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm xkdt&monfuREkfyfwkdY\ wpfckwnf;
aomarQmfvifhcsufESifh bkef;usufoa&jzpfaomaMumihfjzpfonf (i,f
14)/
vlwpfOD;onf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udk cH,lonfjzpfap? rcH,lonf
jzpfap ta&;rBuD;aMumif; &SifaygvkuaumufcsufcscJhonf/ ta&;BuD;
aomtcsufrSm xkdolonfocifc&pfawmfü topfjyKjyifaom owå0g
jzpf? rjzpfomjzpfonf (i,f 15)/ ocifc&pfawmf\ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmfonf uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;xJü vma&mufudef;0yfaecJhygovm;/
þt&monf ta&;BuD;aomt&mjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf aemufqkH;
aomaeYwGif ocifa,½I\a&SUawmfü&yfMuaomtcg ukd,fawmfonf
uREkfyfwdkYta&zsm;vSD;jcif;cH? rcHukd ppfaq;Munfh½Irnfr[kwfyg/ rnfonfh
toif;awmfü uREkfyfwkdYyg0ifwufa&mufonfukd pdwf0ifpm;rnfr[kwfyg/
þurÇmkajrü uREkfyfwkdYtouf&SifpOfü ukokdvfaumif;rI rnfrQvkyfcJhonf
ukdvnf; &SmMunfhrnfr[kwfyg/ ukd,fawmf&Sif Munfh½Irnfhwpfckwnf;
aomt&mrSm uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;xJü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfaexkdifjcif;
&Sd? r&SdESihf uREkfyfwkdY\txJ&Sd xkd0dnmOfawmf\aus;Zl;BuD;vSaom trI
awmfü uREkfyfusKd;EGHtyfESHjcif; &Sd? r&Sdukdjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 17 wGif&Sifaygvku or®mw&m;ukd a[majymjcif;
aMumifh rdrd\ukd,fcE¨mü &&SdcJhaom'Pf&mrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í rdrdtm;
'ku©ay;rnfholrsm;ukd today;jcif;jzihf ed*kH;csKyfcJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonf
{0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;w&m;)awmfukdr&SufcJhyg/ olonf þ'Pf
csufrsm;ukd *kPfxl;aqmifwHqdyfrsm;tjzpfcH,lcJhonf/ ppfom;wpf
a,mufu rdrd\qkwHqdyfrsm;ukd0wfqifouJhokdY &Sifaygvkuvnf; xdk
'Pf&mrsm;udk0wfqifcJhygonf/ þ'Pfcsufrsm;onf or®mw&m;twGuf
rm;rm;&yf wnfcJhaomolwpfa,muf\trSwftom;rsm;jzpfMuonf/
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
þpmapmif\ tzGihfusrf;ykd'frsm;wGif &Sifaygvku*vmwd
toif;om;rsm;xHü wrefawmfwpfyg;tjzpf rdrdtm;qifhac:cH&jcif;ukd
today;cJhonf/ ed*kH;csKyfusrf;ykd'frsm;wGif &Sifaygvku rdrdonfþ
qifhac:jcif;tay:ü opöm&SdcJhaMumif; olwkdYukdjyocJhonf/ olonf opöm
&SdaomtapcHuRefwpfa,muf\trSwftom;rsm;ukd ukd,fcE¨müaqmif
xm;cJhonf/ olonf*vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocifESihf 4if;wkdY
\qufqH&if;ESD;rIüvnf;aumif;? tcsif;csif;qufqH&if;ESD;rIüvnf;
aumif; ocifc&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmfcHpmukdcHpm;MuzdkY qE´jyKcJhonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
or®mw&m;rS vuf&Sdvrf;vTJoGm;aeonfh ocifc&pfawmfü
wnfaomnDtpfukdarmifESrwpfa,mufukd oifodygovm;/
xdkyk*¾dKvftm; rnfokdYqufqHajym&rnfhtaMumif;ESihf ywfoufí
þtykdif;u uREkfyfwkdYtm;rnfonfht&mukd oGefoifay;yg
oenf;/
,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf tcsif;csif;xHü cHpm;csufrsm;ukd xkwf
ajymMuzkdY tb,faMumihfcufcJae&ygoen;f/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
tcsif;csif;xHü uREkfyfwkdY\0efxkyfrsm;ukd rajymjyvQif wpfOD;\
0efxkyfukd wpfOD;urnfokdY ulo,fay;Ekdifygrnfenf;/
wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; rlvae&müjyefvnfxm;&SdkzdkY ulnD&mwGif
pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcsjcif;onf tb,fhaMumihfta&;BuD;ygoenf;/
&Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYtm; ukd,fh0efxkyfukd ukd,fo,f,lzkdYajym
xm;onf/ bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYudkay;x;aom wm0ef0wå
&m;rsm;ESihf ½lyg½kHrsm;ukd tjcm;olrsm;tay:ü wifaqmifjcif;
onfrnfrQvG,fygoenf;/ þt&monf tb,faMumifhrSm;
,Gif;oenf;/
,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf uREkfyfwkdYukd,fukd tjcm;olrsm;ESihf
EIdif;,SOfjcif;onf tb,fhaMumifhtEÅ&m,f&Sdoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifESihf oifqufqH&if;ESD;rIwGif c&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨m
awmftm; oifvkdtyfaMumif;ukd ykdíodjrifvm&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY
bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
avQmuf&rnfhvrf;rS vrf;vTJaoGjznfoGm;aomolrsm;twGuf ykdí
eufeJaom toem;jcif;*½kPmukd oihftm;ay;oem;&ef bk&m;
ociftm; awmif;avQmufyg/ ocifbk&m;xHü xkdnDtpfukd
armifESrukd aqmif,lqkawmif;ay;zkdY tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/
oihftoufwmü ZmwdyuwdrsKd;aphrsm;ukd BuJaejcif;enf;vrf;
rsm;tm; ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;&ef oihfukdulnDrpay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukd
awmif;avQmufyg/
uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumv&Sd c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü&Sdaeaom
rwljcm;em;rIrsm;ukdvufcHEkdif &efoihfukdulnDrpay;zkdY bk&m;
ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;128 129
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
þpmapmif\ tzGihfusrf;ykd'frsm;wGif &Sifaygvku*vmwd
toif;om;rsm;xHü wrefawmfwpfyg;tjzpf rdrdtm;qifhac:cH&jcif;ukd
today;cJhonf/ ed*kH;csKyfusrf;ykd'frsm;wGif &Sifaygvku rdrdonfþ
qifhac:jcif;tay:ü opöm&SdcJhaMumif; olwkdYukdjyocJhonf/ olonf opöm
&SdaomtapcHuRefwpfa,muf\trSwftom;rsm;ukd ukd,fcE¨müaqmif
xm;cJhonf/ olonf*vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocifESihf 4if;wkdY
\qufqH&if;ESD;rIüvnf;aumif;? tcsif;csif;qufqH&if;ESD;rIüvnf;
aumif; ocifc&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmfcHpmukdcHpm;MuzdkY qE´jyKcJhonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
or®mw&m;rS vuf&Sdvrf;vTJoGm;aeonfh ocifc&pfawmfü
wnfaomnDtpfukdarmifESrwpfa,mufukd oifodygovm;/
xdkyk*¾dKvftm; rnfokdYqufqHajym&rnfhtaMumif;ESihf ywfoufí
þtykdif;u uREkfyfwkdYtm;rnfonfht&mukd oGefoifay;yg
oenf;/
,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf tcsif;csif;xHü cHpm;csufrsm;ukd xkwf
ajymMuzkdY tb,faMumihfcufcJae&ygoen;f/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
tcsif;csif;xHü uREkfyfwkdY\0efxkyfrsm;ukd rajymjyvQif wpfOD;\
0efxkyfukd wpfOD;urnfokdY ulo,fay;Ekdifygrnfenf;/
wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; rlvae&müjyefvnfxm;&SdkzdkY ulnD&mwGif
pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcsjcif;onf tb,fhaMumihfta&;BuD;ygoenf;/
&Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYtm; ukd,fh0efxkyfukd ukd,fo,f,lzkdYajym
xm;onf/ bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYudkay;x;aom wm0ef0wå
&m;rsm;ESihf ½lyg½kHrsm;ukd tjcm;olrsm;tay:ü wifaqmifjcif;
onfrnfrQvG,fygoenf;/ þt&monf tb,faMumifhrSm;
,Gif;oenf;/
,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf uREkfyfwkdYukd,fukd tjcm;olrsm;ESihf
EIdif;,SOfjcif;onf tb,fhaMumifhtEÅ&m,f&Sdoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifESihf oifqufqH&if;ESD;rIwGif c&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨m
awmftm; oifvkdtyfaMumif;ukd ykdíodjrifvm&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY
bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
avQmuf&rnfhvrf;rS vrf;vTJaoGjznfoGm;aomolrsm;twGuf ykdí
eufeJaom toem;jcif;*½kPmukd oihftm;ay;oem;&ef bk&m;
ociftm; awmif;avQmufyg/ ocifbk&m;xHü xkdnDtpfukd
armifESrukd aqmif,lqkawmif;ay;zkdY tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/
oihftoufwmü ZmwdyuwdrsKd;aphrsm;ukd BuJaejcif;enf;vrf;
rsm;tm; ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;&ef oihfukdulnDrpay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukd
awmif;avQmufyg/
uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumv&Sd c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü&Sdaeaom
rwljcm;em;rIrsm;ukdvufcHEkdif &efoihfukdulnDrpay;zkdY bk&m;
ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;128 129
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
{zufMo0g'pmed'gef;{zufMo0g'pmed'gef;
{zufMo0g'pmed'gef;{zufMo0g'pmed'gef;
{zufMo0g'pmed'gef;
a&;om;jyKpkol
rdrd\tjcm;pmapmiftrsm;pkü jyKcJhonfhenf;wl &Sifaygvkonf
rdrdukd,fukd þpmapmiftm;a&;om;cJholjzpfaMumif; tzGihfusrf;ykd'fwGif
azmfjyxm;onf ({zuf 1;1)/ {zufNrdKU&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk
ü&Sdaom oif;tkyfwpfyg;\ pkd;&drfywfoufay;rIukd þpmapmifwpfckvHk;ü
xifxif&Sm;&Sm;awGU&onf/
aemufcHtaMumif;t&m
&Sifaygvkonf yifawukawåyGJtwGuf a,½k&SvifNrdKUokdY oGm;
a&mufcJhpOfu {zufNrdKUrS,kHMunfolrsm;xH yxrqkH;vnfywfcJhonf
(wrefawmf 18;18-21)/ þwpfBudrfwGif olonfcPomaecJhaomf
vnf;? aemufykdif;wGif þNrdKUokdYjyefvnfa&muf&SdvmcJhNyD; w&m;a[mjcif;?
oGefoifay;jcif;wkdYjzihf olwkdYESifhtwl okH;ESpfaexkdifcJhonf/ þtcsuf
onf wrefawmf 20;17-31 &Sd {zuftoif;awmfrS oif;tkyfrsm;xHü
ajymqkdcJhaomt&mrsm;ukdMunfhvQif xif&Sm;aeygonf/
{zufNrdKUonf a&mrtpkd;&vufatmuf&Sd tvGefta&;ygaom
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
{zufMo0g'pmed'gef;{zufMo0g'pmed'gef;
{zufMo0g'pmed'gef;{zufMo0g'pmed'gef;
{zufMo0g'pmed'gef;
a&;om;jyKpkol
rdrd\tjcm;pmapmiftrsm;pkü jyKcJhonfhenf;wl &Sifaygvkonf
rdrdukd,fukd þpmapmiftm;a&;om;cJholjzpfaMumif; tzGihfusrf;ykd'fwGif
azmfjyxm;onf ({zuf 1;1)/ {zufNrdKU&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk
ü&Sdaom oif;tkyfwpfyg;\ pkd;&drfywfoufay;rIukd þpmapmifwpfckvHk;ü
xifxif&Sm;&Sm;awGU&onf/
aemufcHtaMumif;t&m
&Sifaygvkonf yifawukawåyGJtwGuf a,½k&SvifNrdKUokdY oGm;
a&mufcJhpOfu {zufNrdKUrS,kHMunfolrsm;xH yxrqkH;vnfywfcJhonf
(wrefawmf 18;18-21)/ þwpfBudrfwGif olonfcPomaecJhaomf
vnf;? aemufykdif;wGif þNrdKUokdYjyefvnfa&muf&SdvmcJhNyD; w&m;a[mjcif;?
oGefoifay;jcif;wkdYjzihf olwkdYESifhtwl okH;ESpfaexkdifcJhonf/ þtcsuf
onf wrefawmf 20;17-31 &Sd {zuftoif;awmfrS oif;tkyfrsm;xHü
ajymqkdcJhaomt&mrsm;ukdMunfhvQif xif&Sm;aeygonf/
{zufNrdKUonf a&mrtpkd;&vufatmuf&Sd tvGefta&;ygaom
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm {zufMo0g'pmed'gef; 133
132
NrdKUwpfNrdKUjzpfonf/ þNrdKUwGif 'kdif,memewfbk&m;r (tmwDrD;pf [kvnf;
ac:onf) twGuf &nfpl;xm;aom BuD;us,fcrf;em;onfh bk&m;ausmif;
&Sdonf/ {zufNrdKUokdY rdrdvma&mufvnfywfaexkdifcJhcsdeftawmtwGif;ü
&Sifaygvkonf 'kdif,memtm; ukd;uG,faomolrsm;\ ykefuefqefYusifrIukd
cHcJh&csdefwGif qlyltkH<urIwpfckukd jzpfay:apcJhonf/ taMumif;rSm
&Sifaygvk\oGefoifcsufonf vlwkdYtm;4if;wkdY\ewfbk&m;rukd pGefYvGwf
ausmckdif;apcJhaomaMumihfjzpfonf/ xdkNrdKUü&Sdaom a&mrav[mjyifjy
Zmwf½kHaMumifhvnf; {zufNrdKUudkvlodrsm;onf/ vltcsif;csif; owfykwf
yGJrsm;? vlESihfwd&pämefwdkY\owfykwfyGJrsm;ukdMunfh½IzkdY vlwkdYonf xkdav
[mjyifjyZmwf½kHokdYoGm;Muonf/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;xHokdY a&;ykdYaompmapmifukd a&mrtusOf;
axmifü &SifaygvktusOf;cscH&pOfwGif a&;om;cJhonf (3;1? 4;1? 6;20
ukdMunfhyg)/ þpmapmifonf tajccHtm;jzihf wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfjcif;
pmwpfapmifjzpfonf/ okdYaomf? wrefawmf 20;17-31 &Sd{zufNrdKUrS
oif;tkyfrsm;tm; &Sifaygvk\vdyfrlajymqkdcsufwGif &Sifaygvku{zuf
toif;awmfü jyóemrsm;&SdaecJhvdrfhrnfhtaMumif; owdxm;rdcJhjcif;
rSm pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfonf/
xkdYaMumifhoifwkdYonf ukd,fukdowdESihfMunfh½IMuavmh/ bk&m;
ocifonf rdrdtaoG;ESifh0,fawmfrlaom toif;awmfukd
vkyfauR;apjcif;iSg? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf oifwkdYukd
ttkyftcsKyfcefYxm;awmfrlaom okd;pkwpkvkH;ukdvnf; owdESihf
Munfh½IMuavmh/ taMumif;rlum;? igr&Sdonfaemuf? Murf;wrf;
aom awmacG;wkdYonfokd;rsm;ukd roem;bJ oifwkdYtxJo
kdY
0ifrnfukd4if;? wynfhawmfrsm;ukd aoG;aqmifjcif;iSg? rSm;aom
pum;ukdajymwwfaomvlwkdYonf oifwkdYtxJüvnf; ay:vm
rnfukd4if; igod\/ xkdaMumifhapmifha&Smufí aeMuavmh/ ig
onf okH;ESpfywfvkH;aeYnrjywf vltaygif;wdkYukd rsuf&nfESihf
wuG qkH;ríaeaMumif;ukd atmufarhMuavmh (wrefawmf 20;
29-31)/
Asm'dwf 2;1-7 wGif {zuftoif;awmfonf t,l0g'oGefoif
csufüvnf;aumif;? ocifbk&m;ukd tapcH&müvnf;aumif; qufvufí
opöm&SdaecJhMuaomfvnf;? rdrdwdkY\a&S;OD;pGmaom cspfjcif;arwåmtm;
arhavsmhaecJhMuonfukd rSwfom;xm;&efrSmvnf; pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpf
onf/
&Sifaygvkonf {zufNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmftwGuf tvGefpkd;&drf
ywfoufaecJhykHay:onf/ &Sifaygvk\pmonf olwkdYtm;ocifc&pfawmfü
&Sdaom olwkdY\t½kduft&mudk jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/ olwkdYonf ocif
c&pfawmf\wefckd;awmfütm;opfoGef;avmif;ay;jcif;ukdcH&í? cspfjcif;
arwåmütjrpfwnfum olwkdYukdcspfawmfrlaomocif\cspfjcif;arwåmukd
em;vnfNyD;? ukd,fawmf\jynfhpkHawmfrljcif;&SdorQjzifh jynfhpkHMu&efrSm
&Sifaygvk\ qE´jzpfaMumif;ukd {zuf 3;14-21 üolwkdYtwGuf qkawmif;
ay;cJhjcif;u azmfxkwfjyocJhonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf olwkYdonf
bk&m;ocifESihf rdrdwkdYavQmufvSrf;&Sifoefjcif;üvnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkY\
rdom;pkrsm;üvnf;aumif; ac:awmfrljcif;ESihf xkdufwefavsmfnDaom
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm {zufMo0g'pmed'gef; 133
132
NrdKUwpfNrdKUjzpfonf/ þNrdKUwGif 'kdif,memewfbk&m;r (tmwDrD;pf [kvnf;
ac:onf) twGuf &nfpl;xm;aom BuD;us,fcrf;em;onfh bk&m;ausmif;
&Sdonf/ {zufNrdKUokdY rdrdvma&mufvnfywfaexkdifcJhcsdeftawmtwGif;ü
&Sifaygvkonf 'kdif,memtm; ukd;uG,faomolrsm;\ ykefuefqefYusifrIukd
cHcJh&csdefwGif qlyltkH<urIwpfckukd jzpfay:apcJhonf/ taMumif;rSm
&Sifaygvk\oGefoifcsufonf vlwkdYtm;4if;wkdY\ewfbk&m;rukd pGefYvGwf
ausmckdif;apcJhaomaMumihfjzpfonf/ xdkNrdKUü&Sdaom a&mrav[mjyifjy
Zmwf½kHaMumifhvnf; {zufNrdKUudkvlodrsm;onf/ vltcsif;csif; owfykwf
yGJrsm;? vlESihfwd&pämefwdkY\owfykwfyGJrsm;ukdMunfh½IzkdY vlwkdYonf xkdav
[mjyifjyZmwf½kHokdYoGm;Muonf/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;xHokdY a&;ykdYaompmapmifukd a&mrtusOf;
axmifü &SifaygvktusOf;cscH&pOfwGif a&;om;cJhonf (3;1? 4;1? 6;20
ukdMunfhyg)/ þpmapmifonf tajccHtm;jzihf wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfjcif;
pmwpfapmifjzpfonf/ okdYaomf? wrefawmf 20;17-31 &Sd{zufNrdKUrS
oif;tkyfrsm;tm; &Sifaygvk\vdyfrlajymqkdcsufwGif &Sifaygvku{zuf
toif;awmfü jyóemrsm;&SdaecJhvdrfhrnfhtaMumif; owdxm;rdcJhjcif;
rSm pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfonf/
xkdYaMumifhoifwkdYonf ukd,fukdowdESihfMunfh½IMuavmh/ bk&m;
ocifonf rdrdtaoG;ESifh0,fawmfrlaom toif;awmfukd
vkyfauR;apjcif;iSg? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf oifwkdYukd
ttkyftcsKyfcefYxm;awmfrlaom okd;pkwpkvkH;ukdvnf; owdESihf
Munfh½IMuavmh/ taMumif;rlum;? igr&Sdonfaemuf? Murf;wrf;
aom awmacG;wkdYonfokd;rsm;ukd roem;bJ oifwkdYtxJo
kdY
0ifrnfukd4if;? wynfhawmfrsm;ukd aoG;aqmifjcif;iSg? rSm;aom
pum;ukdajymwwfaomvlwkdYonf oifwkdYtxJüvnf; ay:vm
rnfukd4if; igod\/ xkdaMumifhapmifha&Smufí aeMuavmh/ ig
onf okH;ESpfywfvkH;aeYnrjywf vltaygif;wdkYukd rsuf&nfESihf
wuG qkH;ríaeaMumif;ukd atmufarhMuavmh (wrefawmf 20;
29-31)/
Asm'dwf 2;1-7 wGif {zuftoif;awmfonf t,l0g'oGefoif
csufüvnf;aumif;? ocifbk&m;ukd tapcH&müvnf;aumif; qufvufí
opöm&SdaecJhMuaomfvnf;? rdrdwdkY\a&S;OD;pGmaom cspfjcif;arwåmtm;
arhavsmhaecJhMuonfukd rSwfom;xm;&efrSmvnf; pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpf
onf/
&Sifaygvkonf {zufNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmftwGuf tvGefpkd;&drf
ywfoufaecJhykHay:onf/ &Sifaygvk\pmonf olwkdYtm;ocifc&pfawmfü
&Sdaom olwkdY\t½kduft&mudk jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/ olwkdYonf ocif
c&pfawmf\wefckd;awmfütm;opfoGef;avmif;ay;jcif;ukdcH&í? cspfjcif;
arwåmütjrpfwnfum olwkdYukdcspfawmfrlaomocif\cspfjcif;arwåmukd
em;vnfNyD;? ukd,fawmf\jynfhpkHawmfrljcif;&SdorQjzifh jynfhpkHMu&efrSm
&Sifaygvk\ qE´jzpfaMumif;ukd {zuf 3;14-21 üolwkdYtwGuf qkawmif;
ay;cJhjcif;u azmfxkwfjyocJhonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf olwkYdonf
bk&m;ocifESihf rdrdwkdYavQmufvSrf;&Sifoefjcif;üvnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkY\
rdom;pkrsm;üvnf;aumif; ac:awmfrljcif;ESihf xkdufwefavsmfnDaom
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm134
toufwmukd&SifoefMu&ef &SifaygvkuolwkdYukd wkdufwGef;cJhonf/
toif;awmfwpfyg;tjzpfESihf olwkdYtm;qefYusifí qifEGJaeaom 0dnmOf
wkdufyGJonf &Sifaygvkt"dupl;pkdufxm;aomtcsufjzpfaMumif; txl;
rSwfom;&onf/ bk&m;ocif\ ppf0wfwefqmukd ,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
tm;jzihfpmweftm; rnfokdYckcHwkdufvSef&rnfhtaMumif; olwkdYukdoGefoif
ay;&mü tcsdefyrmPrsm;pGmudk &SifaygvktokH;jyKxm;onf/
,aeYtwGufþpmapmifta&;ygykH
{zufMo0g'pmonf oD;oefYqefaompmwpfapmifjzpfonf/
þpmapmifu uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmfürnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif;
ukd today;xm;NyD;? ,kHMunfolwpfa,muftjzpfESihf 0dnmOfa&;tokdif;
t0kdif;xJü aexkdifjcif;\t"dyÜg,ftay:ü &Sif;vif;jywfom;aom oGef
oifcsuftcsKdUukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;ay;ygonf/ þpmapmif&Sd txl;ta&;
ygaomtcsufrSm uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH; 0ifa&mufqifETJaeMuaom 0dnmOf
wkdufyGJESihf pyfvsOf;aom&Sifaygvk\ oGefoifcsufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\
ppf0wfwefqmtaMumif; &Sifaygvk\oGefoifcsufonf bk&m;ocif\
EkdifiHawmftm; csJUxGif&ef uREkfyfwkdYBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIüvnf;aumif;? c&pf
,meftoufwmukd &Sifoef&efuREkfyfwkdY\ BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIüvnf;
aumif; pmwefukdrnfokdYckcHwGef;vSef&rnfukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfoabm
aygufxm;jcif;twGuf tvGefta&;ygaom t&mjzpfonf/
1212
1212
12
ocifc&pfawmfüocifc&pfawmfü
ocifc&pfawmfüocifc&pfawmfü
ocifc&pfawmfü
{zuf 1;1-14 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;xHokdY a&;om;ay;ykdYcJhaom
pmukd rdrdonfbk&m;ocif\tvkdawmftm;jzihf ocifa,½Ic&pf\wref
awmfwpfyg;jzpfaMumif; olwkdYukdtoday;jcif;jzihf pwifcJhonf/ &Sifaygvk
\wrefawmfjzpfjcif;t½kduft&monf rdrdukd,fwkdifqkH;jzwfvkyf,lcJhaom
oufarG;rIvkyfief;ESihfqkdifaom qkH;jzwfcsufwpfckr[kwfcJhyg/ þtrIawmf
onf bk&m;ocifu olYukdqifhac:cGJcefYcJhaom trIawmfjzpfonf/ {zuf
toif;om;rsm;xHü &Sifaygvka&;om;ay;ykdYcJhaomt&mrsm;onf bk&m;
ocif\trdefYtmPmukd qGJukdifaqmif,lxm;cJhMuonf/
&Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´rSm {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf rdrdwkdY\
toufwmü bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESihfNidrfoufjcif;ukd BuHKawGU
cHpm;Mu&efjzpfcJhonf/ þaus;Zl;awmfESihf Nidrfoufjcif;onf u,fwif
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uREkfyfwkdYonf xm0&toufukd tarGcH&aomolrsm;jzpfMu&onf/
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uREkfyfwkdYudk rdrd\om;orD;rsm;tjzpf arG;pm;&efbk&m;ocifukd aphaqmf
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ocifukd Muifemwwfaom uREkfyfwkdY\aumif;uifbkHrStbtjzpf oduRrf;
EkdifcJhMurnfjzpfonf/
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uREkfyfwkdYESihf aygif;oif;qufqH&jcif;ukd rnfrQeufeufeJeJawmifhw
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aeonfukd od&jcif;rSm tHhzG,faumif;BuD;r*Fvmr[kwfygvm;/ þtcsif;
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aus;Zl;awmftwGuf bk&m;ocif\0wfjyKukd;uG,fí csD;rGrf;&efuREkfyfwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd aphaqmfay;&ygrnf/
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&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonf bk&m;ocif
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ocif\om;orD;rsm;tjzpfESihf arG;pm;cHcJh&jcif;r[kwfyg/ trSefqkd&vQif
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifESihftvGeftvSrf;a0;cJhMuygonf/ vrf;aysmuf
aeaomtjypfom;rsm;tjzpfESihf uREkfyfwkdYonf oefY&Sif;awmfrlaom
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ocifonf cspfjcif;arwåmESihfwuG vkdvkdvm;vm;jzihf tzkd;tcukd ay;qyf
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aMumifhjzpfonf/ þa&G;EIwfjcif;aMumifh uREkfyfwkdYonftjypfvTwfjcif;ukd
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wGifrQ cHpm;Mu&awmhrnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifukd uREkfyfwkdYykefuefjcm;
em;jcif;twGuf BuD;rm;aomtzkd;tcukd uREkfyfwkdYay;qyfzkdY rvkdawmhyg/
crnf;awmfonf rdrda&G;aumufxm;aomolrsm;tay:ü rdrd\tjypf
vTwfjcif;aus;Zl;awmfukd &uf&ufa&ma&may;oem;EkdifrnfhtaMumif;
ocifa,½Iu um;wkdifxufokdY xrf;ykd;oGm;cJhaomtvGefBuD;rm;onfh
0efxkyftaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; today;cJh
onf/
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bk&m;ocifonf ,kHMunfolwkdYukd ocifc&pfawmf\taoG;
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tcef;i,f 8 wGif owdjyKyg/ ,kHMunfolrsm;tay:ü xm;&Sdaombk&m;
ocif\aus;Zl;awmfonf a&G;EIwfjcif;wGif ukefcrf;roGm;cJhyg/ ,kHMunf
olrsm;xHü rdrdtvkdawmf\eufeJaomt&mukd odem;vnfap&müvnf;
bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfonf tvQHty,f&SdvQufaeaMumif;ukd &Sifayg
vku{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; ajymjycJhonf/ qkdvkdonfrSm bk&m;ocif
onf,kHMunfolrsm;tm; rdrd\&nf&G,fcsufESihftBuHtpnfwkdYukd xkd;xGif;
odjrifpGrf;aomÓPfukd ay;oem;&müvnf; tm;&auseyfawmfrlcJhonf/
xkdtBuHtpnfrSm rnfonfht&mjzpfoenf;/ xkdtBuHtpnfrSm cyfodrf;
aomt&mwkdYukd ocifc&pfawmf\ pkd;rkd;tkyfcsKyfykdifcGihftmPmatmufü
oGwfoGif;&efjzpfaMumif; tcef;i,f 10 uuREkfyfwkdYukd ajymjyxm;onf/
ocifc&pfawmfü
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm140 141
aeonfukd od&jcif;rSm tHhzG,faumif;BuD;r*Fvmr[kwfygvm;/ þtcsif;
t&monf bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwdkYü tcrJhay;oem;xm;aom tHhzG,f
aus;Zl;awmftwGuf bk&m;ocif\0wfjyKukd;uG,fí csD;rGrf;&efuREkfyfwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd aphaqmfay;&ygrnf/
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&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonf bk&m;ocif
\om;orD;rsm;tjzpfESihf ocifc&pfawmf\ taoG;awmftm;jzihf a&G;EIwf
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ocif\om;orD;rsm;tjzpfESihf arG;pm;cHcJh&jcif;r[kwfyg/ trSefqkd&vQif
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifESihftvGeftvSrf;a0;cJhMuygonf/ vrf;aysmuf
aeaomtjypfom;rsm;tjzpfESihf uREkfyfwkdYonf oefY&Sif;awmfrlaom
bk&m;ocifxHrS cGJxm;jcif;ukdcHcJhMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf tjypf'kp½kduf\
uRefjyKjcif;ukdcHMu&NyD;? bk&m;ocif\trsufawmfatmufwGif &SdaecJh
Muygonf/ þtajctaerS uREkfyfwkdYvGwfajrmufrnfhtaMumif; bk&m;
ocifonf cspfjcif;arwåmESihfwuG vkdvkdvm;vm;jzihf tzkd;tcukd ay;qyf
vdkcJhonf/ þay;qyfrIonf ocifa,½Itm;rdrdtoufukd paw;zdkYapcJh
onf/ bk&m;ocifonf þtrIukdBuHpnfcJh&jcif;rSm ukd,fawmfonf
aus;Zl;BuD;í oem;jcif;*½kPmESihfjynfhpkHawmfrlaom bk&m;jzpfaom
aMumifhjzpfonf/ þa&G;EIwfjcif;aMumifh uREkfyfwkdYonftjypfvTwfjcif;ukd
cHcJhMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\trsufawmfukdb,faomtcg
wGifrQ cHpm;Mu&awmhrnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifukd uREkfyfwkdYykefuefjcm;
em;jcif;twGuf BuD;rm;aomtzkd;tcukd uREkfyfwkdYay;qyfzkdY rvkdawmhyg/
crnf;awmfonf rdrda&G;aumufxm;aomolrsm;tay:ü rdrd\tjypf
vTwfjcif;aus;Zl;awmfukd &uf&ufa&ma&may;oem;EkdifrnfhtaMumif;
ocifa,½Iu um;wkdifxufokdY xrf;ykd;oGm;cJhaomtvGefBuD;rm;onfh
0efxkyftaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; today;cJh
onf/
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bk&m;ocifonf ,kHMunfolwkdYukd ocifc&pfawmf\taoG;
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tcef;i,f 8 wGif owdjyKyg/ ,kHMunfolrsm;tay:ü xm;&Sdaombk&m;
ocif\aus;Zl;awmfonf a&G;EIwfjcif;wGif ukefcrf;roGm;cJhyg/ ,kHMunf
olrsm;xHü rdrdtvkdawmf\eufeJaomt&mukd odem;vnfap&müvnf;
bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfonf tvQHty,f&SdvQufaeaMumif;ukd &Sifayg
vku{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; ajymjycJhonf/ qkdvkdonfrSm bk&m;ocif
onf,kHMunfolrsm;tm; rdrd\&nf&G,fcsufESihftBuHtpnfwkdYukd xkd;xGif;
odjrifpGrf;aomÓPfukd ay;oem;&müvnf; tm;&auseyfawmfrlcJhonf/
xkdtBuHtpnfrSm rnfonfht&mjzpfoenf;/ xkdtBuHtpnfrSm cyfodrf;
aomt&mwkdYukd ocifc&pfawmf\ pkd;rkd;tkyfcsKyfykdifcGihftmPmatmufü
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ocifc&pfawmfü
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm142 143
wpfaeYwGif cyfodrf;aomvlwkdYESihf cyfodrf;aomt&mwkdYonf ocifa,½I
\ajzmifhrwfjcif; tkyfcsKyfrIatmufü usKd;EGHtyfESHMuygvdrfhrnf/
þt&monf þavmuübk&m;ocifjyKvkyfaeaomt&mjzpf
onf/ uREkfyf\tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;rS uREkfyfukda&G;EIwfjcif;jzihf uREkfyfukd
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þtBuHtpnfonf bk&m;ocifowfrSwfxm;aomtcsdefwGif jynfhpkHcJhyg
vdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocif\tcsKyftjcmtmPm&Sdjcif; taMumif;ukd ajymjy
onfhor®musrf;pm&Sd tckdifrmqkH;xkwfazmfajymqkdcsufrsm;teufrS wpfck
udktcef;i,f 11 wGifawGY&onf/ bk&m;ocifonf ]]rdrdapwem\
tvkdawmfokdYvkdufí tvHk;pkHwkdYukdpD&ifjyKjyifawmfrlwwfaomol\BuHpnf
jcif;&Sdonftwkdif; ..../}}
bk&m;ocifonf þtBuHtpnfukd rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmftm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? rdrd\EIwfuywfawmftm;jzihfvnf;aumif;
uREkfyfwkdYxHü azmfxkwfjyocJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf uREkfyfwkdY\rsufpda&SUü
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cJh&onf/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfvIyf&Sm;í ewfqkd;\wefckd;tmPm
puftay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukd&&SdcJhonfESihftrQ þavmuüxkdtBuH
tpnfomíyif BuD;rm;us,fjyefYpGm jynfhpkHvmaeonfukd ,aeYuREkfyfwkdY
jrifawGUaeMu&ygonf/ tcef;i,f 12 ESihf 13 wGif&Sifaygvku {zuf
toif;om;rsm;tm; ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;onf ocifc&pfawmfü arQmfvihfcsuf
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rsm;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd wyg;trsKd;wkdY\toufwm
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emrawmftm; csD;rGrf;EkdifMurnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif \tHhzG,faumif;
aomþtrIawmfukd em;vnfoabmayguf&aom tcGihfukdom&&SdcJhMu
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r[kwfygvm;/
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aomoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\wHqdyfcwfjcif;ukd cH&MuNyD (i,f 13)/
uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfvufcHaomaeYwGif uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocif\
rdom;pkxJokdY oGwfoGif;jcif;ukdcHMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfc&pfawmf\
ukd,fcE¨m awmfxJü oGwfoGif;jcif;udkcHMu&onf/ bk&m;ocif\om;orD;
rsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm uREkfyfwkdYonftxl;wHqdyfawmftm;jzihf
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wpfaeYwGif cyfodrf;aomvlwkdYESihf cyfodrf;aomt&mwkdYonf ocifa,½I
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þtBuHtpnfonf bk&m;ocifowfrSwfxm;aomtcsdefwGif jynfhpkHcJhyg
vdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocif\tcsKyftjcmtmPm&Sdjcif; taMumif;ukd ajymjy
onfhor®musrf;pm&Sd tckdifrmqkH;xkwfazmfajymqkdcsufrsm;teufrS wpfck
udktcef;i,f 11 wGifawGY&onf/ bk&m;ocifonf ]]rdrdapwem\
tvkdawmfokdYvkdufí tvHk;pkHwkdYukdpD&ifjyKjyifawmfrlwwfaomol\BuHpnf
jcif;&Sdonftwkdif; ..../}}
bk&m;ocifonf þtBuHtpnfukd rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmftm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? rdrd\EIwfuywfawmftm;jzihfvnf;aumif;
uREkfyfwkdYxHü azmfxkwfjyocJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf uREkfyfwkdY\rsufpda&SUü
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puftay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukd&&SdcJhonfESihftrQ þavmuüxkdtBuH
tpnfomíyif BuD;rm;us,fjyefYpGm jynfhpkHvmaeonfukd ,aeYuREkfyfwkdY
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rsm;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd wyg;trsKd;wkdY\toufwm
üvnf; taumiftxnfazmfaeMuaMumif; today;cJhonf/ bk&m;
ocifonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;ukd rdrdxHokdYaqmif,lcJhygonf/ xkdokdY
tm;jzihf olwkdYonftjyeftvSeftm;jzihf bk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;aom
emrawmftm; csD;rGrf;EkdifMurnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif \tHhzG,faumif;
aomþtrIawmfukd em;vnfoabmayguf&aom tcGihfukdom&&SdcJhMu
onfr[kwf? xkdtrIawmfukd taumiftxnfazmf&mü vnf;tpdwftykdif;
wpfcktjzpfESihfyg0ifcGihf&&Sdjcif;onf tvGefxl;uJaomtcGihfta&;wpfck
r[kwfygvm;/
oifwkdYonfvnf; ...c&pfawmfukd,kHMunfNyD;rS uwdawmfESihf,SOf
aomoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\wHqdyfcwfjcif;ukd cH&MuNyD (i,f 13)/
uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfvufcHaomaeYwGif uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocif\
rdom;pkxJokdY oGwfoGif;jcif;ukdcHMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfc&pfawmf\
ukd,fcE¨m awmfxJü oGwfoGif;jcif;udkcHMu&onf/ bk&m;ocif\om;orD;
rsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm uREkfyfwkdYonftxl;wHqdyfawmftm;jzihf
trSwftom;jyKjcif;cHMu&onf/ xkdwHqdyfawmfrSm bk&m;ocif\
ocifc&pfawmfü
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm144 145
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfyifjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmf\ rsufarSmufjyKjcif;u uREkfyfwkdYonfocifa,½IESihf
pyfqkdifaomolrsm;jzpfMuaMumif;ukd tmrcHay;½kHomru? uREkfyfwkdYukd
ocifa,½IESihfvnf; aumif;? uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOfa&;tarGESihfvnf;aumif;
rnfonfht&murQ rcGJEkdifaMumif;ukdvnf; tmrcHay;ygonf/
tcef;i,f 14 wGifoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdYqufcH
&rnfhtarGtwGuf tmrcHay;onfhp&HESihf EIdif;,SOfxm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\
toufwmü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ rsufarSmufjyKjcif;onf bk&m;
ocif\rsufESmomay;rIukd azmfusL;aomwHqdyfacgif;wpfckjzpfonf/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü udef;0yfaexkdif
&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:í jyKvkyfap
vkdaomtrIü uREkfyfwkdYukd vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;&eftwGufvnf;aumif;
a&mufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYtxJü
ocifa,½I\tusihfp½kdufukd azmfaqmifay;zkdYa&muf&Sdvmjcif;jzpfonf/
0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYtxJü xkdtrIawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY\aemufqkH;
tNyD;owfa&G;EIwfjcif;aeY&ufrwkdifrDtxd qufvufvkyfaqmifoGm;yg
vdrfhrnf/ xkdaeY&ufrwkdifrDtxd? uREkfyfwkdYukd bk&m;ociftwGuf touf
&Sif&efpGrf;aqmifay;zkdY udk,fawmfonfrdrd\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd
uREkfyfwkdYtxJü oGwfoGif;xm;ygvdrfhrnf/
{zufMo0g'pm\ tpykdif;wGif &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;rsm;
twGuf ocifa,½Ic&pfü&Sdaom 4if;wkdY\tHhzG,faumif;BuD;r*FvmtcsKdU
ukd azmfjyay;cJhonf/ olwkdYonftjypf'kp½dkuf\txufüvnf;aumif;
rsufarSmufumv qkd;,kwfjcif;rsm;\txufüvnf;aumif; &SifoefMuzkdY
a&G;aumufcHcJhMu&onf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;tjzpf
arG;pm;jcif;ukdcHcJhMu&onf/ ocifc&pfawmfu rdrd\taoG;awmfukd&if;
NyD;olwkdYukdcrnf;awmftwGuf 0,f,lcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf cyfodrf;
aomt&mwkdYukd ocifc&pfawmf\tcsKyftjcmtmPmpufatmufü
oGwfoGif;&ef rdrd\tHHhzG,ftBuHtpnfawmf\tpdwftykdif;rsm;tjzpf
olwkdYukdzefwD;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf todtrSwfjyK axmufcHcsuf
wHqdyftjzpfESihf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd olwkdYtxJü xm;&SdcJhonf/
bk&m;ocifu ocifc&pfawmfü ,kHMunfoltm;vkH;ukd ay;oem;cJhonfh
tHhzG,faumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;twGuf ukd,fawmhfudk tb,frQuREkfyfwkdY
csD;rGrf;zkdYvkdrnfenf;/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oifhtoufwmü oifrausmfvTm;Ekdif[k xifrSwf&onfhtjypf
'kp½kdufrsm;&Sdygovm;/ oifhudkatmifjrifpGmtouf&Sifapvdkaom
bk&m;ocif\pdwfqE´taMumif;udk or®musrf;pm\þtykdif;
uuREkfyfwkdYtm;rnfokdY oGefoifay;xm;ygoenf;/
ocifa,½Iukd udk,fwdkifudk,fusoifroduRrf;rDuyif oifhtouf
wmtay:übk&m;ocif\vufawmf&SdaecJhjcif;\ taxmuf
txm;&Sdygovm;/
uREkfyfwkdYESihf eD;pyfuRrf;0ifvkdaom bk&m;ocif\pdwfqE´ESihf
pyfvsOf;í þtykdif;u uREkfyfwkdYukdrnfonfht&m oGefoifay;
ygoenf;/ bk&m;ocifESifh þeD;pyfuRrf;0ifjcif;ukd oifBuHKawGU
cHpm;&ygovm;/ þt&mukd ykdíeufeuf½Idif;½Idif;odvmEkdifjcif;
ocifc&pfawmfü
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm144 145
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfyifjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmf\ rsufarSmufjyKjcif;u uREkfyfwkdYonfocifa,½IESihf
pyfqkdifaomolrsm;jzpfMuaMumif;ukd tmrcHay;½kHomru? uREkfyfwkdYukd
ocifa,½IESihfvnf; aumif;? uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOfa&;tarGESihfvnf;aumif;
rnfonfht&murQ rcGJEkdifaMumif;ukdvnf; tmrcHay;ygonf/
tcef;i,f 14 wGifoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdYqufcH
&rnfhtarGtwGuf tmrcHay;onfhp&HESihf EIdif;,SOfxm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\
toufwmü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ rsufarSmufjyKjcif;onf bk&m;
ocif\rsufESmomay;rIukd azmfusL;aomwHqdyfacgif;wpfckjzpfonf/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü udef;0yfaexkdif
&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:í jyKvkyfap
vkdaomtrIü uREkfyfwkdYukd vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;&eftwGufvnf;aumif;
a&mufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYtxJü
ocifa,½I\tusihfp½kdufukd azmfaqmifay;zkdYa&muf&Sdvmjcif;jzpfonf/
0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYtxJü xkdtrIawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY\aemufqkH;
tNyD;owfa&G;EIwfjcif;aeY&ufrwkdifrDtxd qufvufvkyfaqmifoGm;yg
vdrfhrnf/ xkdaeY&ufrwkdifrDtxd? uREkfyfwkdYukd bk&m;ociftwGuf touf
&Sif&efpGrf;aqmifay;zkdY udk,fawmfonfrdrd\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd
uREkfyfwkdYtxJü oGwfoGif;xm;ygvdrfhrnf/
{zufMo0g'pm\ tpykdif;wGif &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;rsm;
twGuf ocifa,½Ic&pfü&Sdaom 4if;wkdY\tHhzG,faumif;BuD;r*FvmtcsKdU
ukd azmfjyay;cJhonf/ olwkdYonftjypf'kp½dkuf\txufüvnf;aumif;
rsufarSmufumv qkd;,kwfjcif;rsm;\txufüvnf;aumif; &SifoefMuzkdY
a&G;aumufcHcJhMu&onf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;tjzpf
arG;pm;jcif;ukdcHcJhMu&onf/ ocifc&pfawmfu rdrd\taoG;awmfukd&if;
NyD;olwkdYukdcrnf;awmftwGuf 0,f,lcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf cyfodrf;
aomt&mwkdYukd ocifc&pfawmf\tcsKyftjcmtmPmpufatmufü
oGwfoGif;&ef rdrd\tHHhzG,ftBuHtpnfawmf\tpdwftykdif;rsm;tjzpf
olwkdYukdzefwD;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf todtrSwfjyK axmufcHcsuf
wHqdyftjzpfESihf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd olwkdYtxJü xm;&SdcJhonf/
bk&m;ocifu ocifc&pfawmfü ,kHMunfoltm;vkH;ukd ay;oem;cJhonfh
tHhzG,faumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;twGuf ukd,fawmhfudk tb,frQuREkfyfwkdY
csD;rGrf;zkdYvkdrnfenf;/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oifhtoufwmü oifrausmfvTm;Ekdif[k xifrSwf&onfhtjypf
'kp½kdufrsm;&Sdygovm;/ oifhudkatmifjrifpGmtouf&Sifapvdkaom
bk&m;ocif\pdwfqE´taMumif;udk or®musrf;pm\þtykdif;
uuREkfyfwkdYtm;rnfokdY oGefoifay;xm;ygoenf;/
ocifa,½Iukd udk,fwdkifudk,fusoifroduRrf;rDuyif oifhtouf
wmtay:übk&m;ocif\vufawmf&SdaecJhjcif;\ taxmuf
txm;&Sdygovm;/
uREkfyfwkdYESihf eD;pyfuRrf;0ifvkdaom bk&m;ocif\pdwfqE´ESihf
pyfvsOf;í þtykdif;u uREkfyfwkdYukdrnfonfht&m oGefoifay;
ygoenf;/ bk&m;ocifESifh þeD;pyfuRrf;0ifjcif;ukd oifBuHKawGU
cHpm;&ygovm;/ þt&mukd ykdíeufeuf½Idif;½Idif;odvmEkdifjcif;
ocifc&pfawmfü
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
oihfukdrnfonfht&mu qD;wm;aeoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
þtykdif;ü &Sifaygvkajymjyxm;onfh aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;
twGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifhukdbk&m;ocifu rdrd\om;orD;ozG,f touf&SifEkdif&ef
ulnDrpay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/ þavmuESihf oufqkdifaom
t&mrsm;qDokdY jyefoGm;zkdY oifa&G;cs,fcJhaomtcsdefrsm;twGuf
cGihfvTwfay;&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oihftxJü &SifoefvIyf&Sm;aeaom bk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfwGuf ukd,fawmfhukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmf\vrf;jyjcif;ESihf vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd ykdí
odwwfcHpm;Ekdif&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmuf
yg/
bk&m;ocifonf oihfukdrpGefYvTwfbJ? oifhpdwfESvkH;ukdtEkdif,l
cJhonfhtcsdeftxd oihfaemufukdvkdufaecJhaomaMumifh aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom toufwmukd&Sifoef&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY
bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/ xyfwvJvJjyefvmaeaom
tjypf'kp½kduftay:ü oifhukdatmifEkdifjcif;ay;&ef awmif;
avQmufyg/
1313
1313
13
ukd,fawmf&Sifü BuD;xGm;jcif;ukd,fawmf&Sifü BuD;xGm;jcif;
ukd,fawmf&Sifü BuD;xGm;jcif;ukd,fawmf&Sifü BuD;xGm;jcif;
ukd,fawmf&Sifü BuD;xGm;jcif;
{zuf 1;15-23 ukdzwf½Iyg/
uREkfyftESpfoufqkH; "r®oDcsif;BuD;rsm;rS wpfyk'frSm "My Jesus
I Love Thee" jzpfonf/ þ"r®oDcsif;BuD;&Sd oDcsif;pmaMumif;wGif
]]tuREkfyf\a,½I? ukd,fawmfhukdtuREkfyf,cifuxuf ,ckykdcspfygovm;}}
[k a&;om;xm;onf/ þ"r®oDcsif;BuD;ukd uREkfyfoDqkdwkdif; uREkfyfukd,fukd
]]ocifa,½Iukd ,cifucspfcJhonfxuf ,ckykdcspfygovm;}} ukd,fawmfhukd
raeYuxuf ,aeYykdícspfvmygovm;/ ukd,fawmfeJY qufqH&if;ESD;rIrSm
igtrSefwu,f BuD;xGm;vmygovm;}} [kar;rdygonf/ þar;cGef;rsm;
onf uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhukd,fukd jyefar;&rnfhtvGefta&;BuD;aom ar;cGef;
rsm;jzpfMuonf/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaom uREkfyfwkdYonf arG;uif;pc&pf,mef
rsm;tjzpfom qufvuf&Sifoef&onfukd auseyfaeMuonf/ {zuf
toif;om;rsm;tay:ü xm;&Sdaom&Sifaygvk\ pdwfqE´rSm olwkdYonf
ocifbk&m;ESihf qufqH&if;ESD;rIwGif a&SUokdYwufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/
&ifhusufjcif;ü olkwkdYBuD;xGm;vmMuonfukd &SifaygvkjrifawGUvkdcJhonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\om;orD;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtvGefcspfjrwfEkd;Muaomfvnf;
146
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
oihfukdrnfonfht&mu qD;wm;aeoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
þtykdif;ü &Sifaygvkajymjyxm;onfh aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;
twGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifhukdbk&m;ocifu rdrd\om;orD;ozG,f touf&SifEkdif&ef
ulnDrpay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/ þavmuESihf oufqkdifaom
t&mrsm;qDokdY jyefoGm;zkdY oifa&G;cs,fcJhaomtcsdefrsm;twGuf
cGihfvTwfay;&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oihftxJü &SifoefvIyf&Sm;aeaom bk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfwGuf ukd,fawmfhukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmf\vrf;jyjcif;ESihf vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd ykdí
odwwfcHpm;Ekdif&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmuf
yg/
bk&m;ocifonf oihfukdrpGefYvTwfbJ? oifhpdwfESvkH;ukdtEkdif,l
cJhonfhtcsdeftxd oihfaemufukdvkdufaecJhaomaMumifh aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom toufwmukd&Sifoef&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY
bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/ xyfwvJvJjyefvmaeaom
tjypf'kp½kduftay:ü oifhukdatmifEkdifjcif;ay;&ef awmif;
avQmufyg/
1313
1313
13
ukd,fawmf&Sifü BuD;xGm;jcif;ukd,fawmf&Sifü BuD;xGm;jcif;
ukd,fawmf&Sifü BuD;xGm;jcif;ukd,fawmf&Sifü BuD;xGm;jcif;
ukd,fawmf&Sifü BuD;xGm;jcif;
{zuf 1;15-23 ukdzwf½Iyg/
uREkfyftESpfoufqkH; "r®oDcsif;BuD;rsm;rS wpfyk'frSm "My Jesus
I Love Thee" jzpfonf/ þ"r®oDcsif;BuD;&Sd oDcsif;pmaMumif;wGif
]]tuREkfyf\a,½I? ukd,fawmfhukdtuREkfyf,cifuxuf ,ckykdcspfygovm;}}
[k a&;om;xm;onf/ þ"r®oDcsif;BuD;ukd uREkfyfoDqkdwkdif; uREkfyfukd,fukd
]]ocifa,½Iukd ,cifucspfcJhonfxuf ,ckykdcspfygovm;}} ukd,fawmfhukd
raeYuxuf ,aeYykdícspfvmygovm;/ ukd,fawmfeJY qufqH&if;ESD;rIrSm
igtrSefwu,f BuD;xGm;vmygovm;}} [kar;rdygonf/ þar;cGef;rsm;
onf uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhukd,fukd jyefar;&rnfhtvGefta&;BuD;aom ar;cGef;
rsm;jzpfMuonf/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaom uREkfyfwkdYonf arG;uif;pc&pf,mef
rsm;tjzpfom qufvuf&Sifoef&onfukd auseyfaeMuonf/ {zuf
toif;om;rsm;tay:ü xm;&Sdaom&Sifaygvk\ pdwfqE´rSm olwkdYonf
ocifbk&m;ESihf qufqH&if;ESD;rIwGif a&SUokdYwufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/
&ifhusufjcif;ü olkwkdYBuD;xGm;vmMuonfukd &SifaygvkjrifawGUvkdcJhonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\om;orD;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtvGefcspfjrwfEkd;Muaomfvnf;
146
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm148 149ukd,fawmf&Sifü BuD;xGm;jcif;
uav;i,ftjzpf wpfoufvHk;olwkdYukd qufvuf&SdoGm;Murnfhtjzpfukd
rluREkfyfwkdYrvkdcsifMuyg/
aemufqkH;avhvmcJhaomtykdif;wGif &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;
om;rsm;tm; ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdaom 4if;wkdY\t½kduft&mukd ajymjycJh
onf/ olwkdYonfa&G;aumufjcif;ukdcH&NyD; bk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf wHqdyfcwfjcif;ukd cHcJhMu&onf/ ocifc&pfawmf
atmufü t&mcyfodrf;ukdoGwfoGif;&ef[laom rdrd\tBuHtpnfawmfü
4if;wkdYtm;yg0ifapjcif;ukd bk&m;ocifauseyftm;&cJhonf/ {zuf
toif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd today;NyD;
aemufwGif &Sifaygvkonf þoefY&Sif;olrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;cJh
onf/ bk&m;ocifonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; ocifa,½IESihf tHhzG,f
aumif;aomqufqH&if;ESD;&jcif;ü aqmif,lvmay;onfhtwGuf &Sifayg
vku tcef;i,f 15 wGifocifbk&m;ukdcsD;rGrf;cJhonf/ ocifa,½Iukd
olwkdY,kHMunfjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;olwkdYtay:üxm;aom olwkdY\cspfjcif;
arwåmtaMumif;ukd &SifaygvkMum;od&aomtcg txl;0rf;ajrmufcJhonf/
odkYaomf? &Sifaygvkonf 4if;wkdYukdxkdae&müom &yfwefYraeapcsifcJhyg/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf ,ckxufomíBuD;rm;aom tBuHtpnf
rsm;bk&m;ocifwGif&SdaecJhygonf/ ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdxm;aom 4if;wkdY\
tpGrf;tpukd tpGrf;ukefqefYxkwfMu&ef&Sifaygvktvkd&SdcJhonf/
tcef;i,f 16 wGifbk&m;ocifu {zuftoif;om;rsm;\
toufwmü vkyfaqmifoGm;cJhNyD;aomt&mrsm;twGuf aus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;jcif;ukd &Sifaygvkr&yfwefYcJhyg/ xkdYtjyif? olwkdY\toufwmü
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ omíeufeJaomvIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrItwGuf
bk&m;ocifukd qufvufíawmif;avQmufcJhonf/ vmrnfhusrf;ykd'f
tenf;i,fwGif &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;xHü 4if;wkdYtwGufrdrd
qkawmif;csufrsm;ukd a0iSajymjyxm;onf/
tbcrnf;awmfonf ... ynmukdvnf;aumif;? xkd;xGif;ÓPfukd
oifwkdYtm;ay;ygrnfhtaMumif; (i,f 17)/
&Sifaygvkonf bk&m;ocifxHü {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
ynmESihfxkd;xGif;ÓPfwkdYukd ay;oem;zkdYawmif;avQmufjcif;jzifh tpjyK
cJhonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihf olwkdYonfocifc&pfawmfukdykdí aumif;rGefpGm
oduRrf;vmMurnfjzpfonf/ ynmESihfxkd;xGif;ÓPfqkdonfrSm rnfonfh
t&mrsm;jzpfMuoenf;/ &Sifaygvkonf vlYxkd;xGif;odjrifEkdifpGrf;aom
ÓPfynmtaMumif;ukd ajymqkdaejcif;r[kwfyg/ ocifc&pfawmfukd
tjrifopfjzihf½IjrifEkdif&eftwGuf {zuftoif;om;rsm;\ 0dnmOfrsufpdukd
zGihf&ef &Sifaygvkubk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufaecJhygonf/ bk&m;
ocifonf rdrdukd,fukd{zuftoif;om;rsm;xHü pmtkyfrsm;rSavhvm
oif,l&onfh OD;aESmufÓPfESihfqkdifonfhtrSefw&m;rsm;tm;jzihf r[kwf
bJ? eufeJíeD;pyfuRrf;0ifaom tawGUtBuHKrsm;tm;jzihf azmfxkwf jyo
ygrnfhtaMumif; qkawmif;aecJhygonf/ þÓPfynmESihf odem;vnfEkdif
rIwkdY\&nfrSef;csufyef;wkdifrSm A[kokwESihftcsuftvufrsm;ukd &&Sdjcif;
r[kwf? ocifc&pfawmfukdykdí eufeJaomenf;vrf;jzihf oduRrf;vm&ef
jzpfonf/
oifonf ynmESihfxkd;xGif;ÓPfwkYdukd &Sdxm;ygovm;/ oifhESvkH;
om;onf bk&m;ociftm;em;vnfoduRrf;vkdaom0efukd xrf;xm;yg
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm148 149ukd,fawmf&Sifü BuD;xGm;jcif;
uav;i,ftjzpf wpfoufvHk;olwkdYukd qufvuf&SdoGm;Murnfhtjzpfukd
rluREkfyfwkdYrvkdcsifMuyg/
aemufqkH;avhvmcJhaomtykdif;wGif &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;
om;rsm;tm; ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdaom 4if;wkdY\t½kduft&mukd ajymjycJh
onf/ olwkdYonfa&G;aumufjcif;ukdcH&NyD; bk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf wHqdyfcwfjcif;ukd cHcJhMu&onf/ ocifc&pfawmf
atmufü t&mcyfodrf;ukdoGwfoGif;&ef[laom rdrd\tBuHtpnfawmfü
4if;wkdYtm;yg0ifapjcif;ukd bk&m;ocifauseyftm;&cJhonf/ {zuf
toif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd today;NyD;
aemufwGif &Sifaygvkonf þoefY&Sif;olrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;cJh
onf/ bk&m;ocifonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; ocifa,½IESihf tHhzG,f
aumif;aomqufqH&if;ESD;&jcif;ü aqmif,lvmay;onfhtwGuf &Sifayg
vku tcef;i,f 15 wGifocifbk&m;ukdcsD;rGrf;cJhonf/ ocifa,½Iukd
olwkdY,kHMunfjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;olwkdYtay:üxm;aom olwkdY\cspfjcif;
arwåmtaMumif;ukd &SifaygvkMum;od&aomtcg txl;0rf;ajrmufcJhonf/
odkYaomf? &Sifaygvkonf 4if;wkdYukdxkdae&müom &yfwefYraeapcsifcJhyg/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf ,ckxufomíBuD;rm;aom tBuHtpnf
rsm;bk&m;ocifwGif&SdaecJhygonf/ ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdxm;aom 4if;wkdY\
tpGrf;tpukd tpGrf;ukefqefYxkwfMu&ef&Sifaygvktvkd&SdcJhonf/
tcef;i,f 16 wGifbk&m;ocifu {zuftoif;om;rsm;\
toufwmü vkyfaqmifoGm;cJhNyD;aomt&mrsm;twGuf aus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;jcif;ukd &Sifaygvkr&yfwefYcJhyg/ xkdYtjyif? olwkdY\toufwmü
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ omíeufeJaomvIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrItwGuf
bk&m;ocifukd qufvufíawmif;avQmufcJhonf/ vmrnfhusrf;ykd'f
tenf;i,fwGif &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;xHü 4if;wkdYtwGufrdrd
qkawmif;csufrsm;ukd a0iSajymjyxm;onf/
tbcrnf;awmfonf ... ynmukdvnf;aumif;? xkd;xGif;ÓPfukd
oifwkdYtm;ay;ygrnfhtaMumif; (i,f 17)/
&Sifaygvkonf bk&m;ocifxHü {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
ynmESihfxkd;xGif;ÓPfwkdYukd ay;oem;zkdYawmif;avQmufjcif;jzifh tpjyK
cJhonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihf olwkdYonfocifc&pfawmfukdykdí aumif;rGefpGm
oduRrf;vmMurnfjzpfonf/ ynmESihfxkd;xGif;ÓPfqkdonfrSm rnfonfh
t&mrsm;jzpfMuoenf;/ &Sifaygvkonf vlYxkd;xGif;odjrifEkdifpGrf;aom
ÓPfynmtaMumif;ukd ajymqkdaejcif;r[kwfyg/ ocifc&pfawmfukd
tjrifopfjzihf½IjrifEkdif&eftwGuf {zuftoif;om;rsm;\ 0dnmOfrsufpdukd
zGihf&ef &Sifaygvkubk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufaecJhygonf/ bk&m;
ocifonf rdrdukd,fukd{zuftoif;om;rsm;xHü pmtkyfrsm;rSavhvm
oif,l&onfh OD;aESmufÓPfESihfqkdifonfhtrSefw&m;rsm;tm;jzihf r[kwf
bJ? eufeJíeD;pyfuRrf;0ifaom tawGUtBuHKrsm;tm;jzihf azmfxkwf jyo
ygrnfhtaMumif; qkawmif;aecJhygonf/ þÓPfynmESihf odem;vnfEkdif
rIwkdY\&nfrSef;csufyef;wkdifrSm A[kokwESihftcsuftvufrsm;ukd &&Sdjcif;
r[kwf? ocifc&pfawmfukdykdí eufeJaomenf;vrf;jzihf oduRrf;vm&ef
jzpfonf/
oifonf ynmESihfxkd;xGif;ÓPfwkYdukd &Sdxm;ygovm;/ oifhESvkH;
om;onf bk&m;ociftm;em;vnfoduRrf;vkdaom0efukd xrf;xm;yg
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm150 151
ovm;/ bk&m;ocif\ p½kdufvu©Pmukd oifxHüykdíazmfxkwfjyoay;zkdY
awmif;qkdygovm;/ bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukd qmavmif
rGwfodyfaeygovm;/ {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf 4if;wkdY,ckvuf&Sd
a&muf&Sdaeaom 0dnmOfa&;tajctaeESihf tm;&auseyfraeyJ? ocif
c&pfawmfukd ykdíykdíoduRrf;em;vnfvmzkdY tqufrjywfawmif;avQmuf
aeMu&efrSm &Sifaygvk\yefMum;csufjzpfonf/
oifwkdY\ÓPfrsufpdukd vif;apygrnftaMumif; (i,f 18-23)/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;onf tvGefta&;ygaom or®mw&m;
okH;ckukd jrifawGUEkdifrnfhtaMumif; 4if;wkdY\ÓPfrsufpdukdvif;apzkdY &Sifayg
vkqkawmif;cJhonf/ {zuftoif;om;rsm;jrifawGUem;vnfzkdY &Sifaygvk
qkawmif;ay;cJhaom yxror®mw&m;rSm ac:awmfrlaomaMumihf arQmf
vifh&aomt&mjzpfonf(i,f 18)/ þarQmfvihfcsufonf rnfonfh t&m
jzpfoenf;/ &Sifaygvkonf þar;cGef;\tajzukd þtcef;BuD;\ yxr
ykdif;wGif wpfpdwfwpfykdif;ajymMum;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/ xkdtykdif;wGif &Sifaygvku
{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdaom 4if;wkdY\0dnmOfa&;
aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;taMumif;ukdajymjycJh onf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif
\a&SUawmfü tjypfuif;vGwfvQuf&SdaeMu zkdY a&G;aumufcHcJh&jcif;jzpf
aMumif; &Sifaygvkutoday;cJhonf (i,f 4)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfh
tm;avsmfpGm olwkdYonftjypf'kp½kduftay: atmifEkdifjcif;ü &SifoefMuzkdY
qifhac:jcif;cHcJhMu&onf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;rsm;jzpfvm
zkdYESihf bk&m;ocif\BuD;us,fcrf;em;vSaom EkdifiHawmfukd tarGcH&aomol
rsm;jzpfvmzkdY a&G;aumufjcif;ukdcHcJhMu&onf/ urÇmavmuBuD;wpfck
vkH;ukd ocifa,½I\tmPmpufatmufü oGwfoGif;&ef[laom bk&m;
ocif\r[mtBuHtpnfawmftm; zGihfcsjcif;trIwGif yg0ifaqmif&Guf
&aomolrsm;vnf;jzpfMuonf/ olwkdYonf a&muf&Sdvmrnfht&mrsm;
twGuf tmrcHjzpfawmfrlaom oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ uwdawmfESihf
twlwHqdyfcwfjcif;ukdcHMu&aomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ olwkdYonf atmif
Ekdifjcif;ü touf&Sif&eftwGuf qifhac: jcif;ukdcHMu&NyD;? xkdokdYaexkdif&ef
tpGrf;tpukdvnf; ay;tyfjcif;cHxm; Mu&onf/ þatmifEkdifjcif;ukd
odem;vnfaom todw&m;onf 4if;wkdYukdtopfaomtxGwf txdyfrsm;
qDokdYvIhHUaqmfwGef;ykdYay;oihfygonf/ {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf bk&m;
ocifu4if;wkdYukdqifhac:xm;onfh tHhzG,faumif;aom arQmfvifhcsufü
touf&SifMu&ef &Sifaygvktvkd&SdcJhonf/
&Sifaygvkonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; oefY&Sif;olwkdYü 4if;wkdY
qufcH&rnfh *kPfusufoa&taygif;ESihf jynfhpkHaomtarG\<u,f0rIukd
odem;vnfjcif;üvnf; BuD;xGm;vm&ef tvkd&SdcJhonf (i,f 18)/ þae&m
ü&Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom <u,f0jcif;onf ]]oefY&Sif;olwkYdü}} uREkfyfwkdY
&Sdxm;aom <u,f0jcif;jzpfonf(t*Fvdyfusrf;pmESihf,SOfMunfhyg)/ þt
cef;BuD;\yxrykdif;wGif &Sifaygvkuocifc&pfawmftm;jzihf aumif;uif
bkHESihfqkdifaomt&mwkdYü ay;xm;aomuREkfyfwkdY\ 0dnmOfa&;aumif;BuD;
r*Fvmrsm;taMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ okdYaomf? þae&mwGif &Sifaygvk
onf {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocifu 4if;wkdYukd tcsif;csif;
tm;jzifhay;oem;xm;aom<u,f0rIukd odem;vnfapcsifcJhonf/ uREkfyf
wkdYonf tcsif;csif;tm;jzihf ykdifqkdifxm;Muaom
tHhzG,faumif;BuD;r*Fvm
ukdoabmaygufem;vnfzkdY rnfokdYrMumcPysufuGufcJhMuygoenf;/
ukd,fawmf&Sifü BuD;xGm;jcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm150 151
ovm;/ bk&m;ocif\ p½kdufvu©Pmukd oifxHüykdíazmfxkwfjyoay;zkdY
awmif;qkdygovm;/ bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukd qmavmif
rGwfodyfaeygovm;/ {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf 4if;wkdY,ckvuf&Sd
a&muf&Sdaeaom 0dnmOfa&;tajctaeESihf tm;&auseyfraeyJ? ocif
c&pfawmfukd ykdíykdíoduRrf;em;vnfvmzkdY tqufrjywfawmif;avQmuf
aeMu&efrSm &Sifaygvk\yefMum;csufjzpfonf/
oifwkdY\ÓPfrsufpdukd vif;apygrnftaMumif; (i,f 18-23)/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;onf tvGefta&;ygaom or®mw&m;
okH;ckukd jrifawGUEkdifrnfhtaMumif; 4if;wkdY\ÓPfrsufpdukdvif;apzkdY &Sifayg
vkqkawmif;cJhonf/ {zuftoif;om;rsm;jrifawGUem;vnfzkdY &Sifaygvk
qkawmif;ay;cJhaom yxror®mw&m;rSm ac:awmfrlaomaMumihf arQmf
vifh&aomt&mjzpfonf(i,f 18)/ þarQmfvihfcsufonf rnfonfh t&m
jzpfoenf;/ &Sifaygvkonf þar;cGef;\tajzukd þtcef;BuD;\ yxr
ykdif;wGif wpfpdwfwpfykdif;ajymMum;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/ xkdtykdif;wGif &Sifaygvku
{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdaom 4if;wkdY\0dnmOfa&;
aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;taMumif;ukdajymjycJh onf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif
\a&SUawmfü tjypfuif;vGwfvQuf&SdaeMu zkdY a&G;aumufcHcJh&jcif;jzpf
aMumif; &Sifaygvkutoday;cJhonf (i,f 4)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfh
tm;avsmfpGm olwkdYonftjypf'kp½kduftay: atmifEkdifjcif;ü &SifoefMuzkdY
qifhac:jcif;cHcJhMu&onf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;rsm;jzpfvm
zkdYESihf bk&m;ocif\BuD;us,fcrf;em;vSaom EkdifiHawmfukd tarGcH&aomol
rsm;jzpfvmzkdY a&G;aumufjcif;ukdcHcJhMu&onf/ urÇmavmuBuD;wpfck
vkH;ukd ocifa,½I\tmPmpufatmufü oGwfoGif;&ef[laom bk&m;
ocif\r[mtBuHtpnfawmftm; zGihfcsjcif;trIwGif yg0ifaqmif&Guf
&aomolrsm;vnf;jzpfMuonf/ olwkdYonf a&muf&Sdvmrnfht&mrsm;
twGuf tmrcHjzpfawmfrlaom oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ uwdawmfESihf
twlwHqdyfcwfjcif;ukdcHMu&aomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ olwkdYonf atmif
Ekdifjcif;ü touf&Sif&eftwGuf qifhac: jcif;ukdcHMu&NyD;? xkdokdYaexkdif&ef
tpGrf;tpukdvnf; ay;tyfjcif;cHxm; Mu&onf/ þatmifEkdifjcif;ukd
odem;vnfaom todw&m;onf 4if;wkdYukdtopfaomtxGwf txdyfrsm;
qDokdYvIhHUaqmfwGef;ykdYay;oihfygonf/ {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf bk&m;
ocifu4if;wkdYukdqifhac:xm;onfh tHhzG,faumif;aom arQmfvifhcsufü
touf&SifMu&ef &Sifaygvktvkd&SdcJhonf/
&Sifaygvkonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; oefY&Sif;olwkdYü 4if;wkdY
qufcH&rnfh *kPfusufoa&taygif;ESihf jynfhpkHaomtarG\<u,f0rIukd
odem;vnfjcif;üvnf; BuD;xGm;vm&ef tvkd&SdcJhonf (i,f 18)/ þae&m
ü&Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom <u,f0jcif;onf ]]oefY&Sif;olwkYdü}} uREkfyfwkdY
&Sdxm;aom <u,f0jcif;jzpfonf(t*Fvdyfusrf;pmESihf,SOfMunfhyg)/ þt
cef;BuD;\yxrykdif;wGif &Sifaygvkuocifc&pfawmftm;jzihf aumif;uif
bkHESihfqkdifaomt&mwkdYü ay;xm;aomuREkfyfwkdY\ 0dnmOfa&;aumif;BuD;
r*Fvmrsm;taMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ okdYaomf? þae&mwGif &Sifaygvk
onf {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocifu 4if;wkdYukd tcsif;csif;
tm;jzifhay;oem;xm;aom<u,f0rIukd odem;vnfapcsifcJhonf/ uREkfyf
wkdYonf tcsif;csif;tm;jzihf ykdifqkdifxm;Muaom
tHhzG,faumif;BuD;r*Fvm
ukdoabmaygufem;vnfzkdY rnfokdYrMumcPysufuGufcJhMuygoenf;/
ukd,fawmf&Sifü BuD;xGm;jcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm152 153
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdtokdif;t0kdif;ESihf aexkdif&efqifhac:cJhyg
onf/ þtokdif;t0kdif;üaexdkifolwpfOD;csif;pDu 4if;wkdY\us&mwm0ef
ukdrjznfhqnf;vQif þtokdif;t0kdif;pnf;pepfwus rvnfywfEkdifzdkY
bk&m;ocifzefqif;cJhygonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;xm;aom þukd,f
cE¨mBuD;\pGrf;&nfqkvufaqmiftm;vkH;onf bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf
ukd csJUxGifwkd;jr§ifha&;twGuf twlwuGtvkyfvkyfMu&onf/ c&pfawmf\
ukd,fcE¨mawmf wnDwñGwfwnf;jzihf twlwuGtvkyfvkyfMuonfukd
pmwefawGUjrifaomtcg wkefvIyfoGm;ygonf/ pmwefonf toif;awmf
xJü pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;ukd zefwD;&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? ½kef;&if;cwfjcif;
rsKd;aphudkBuJ&eftwGufvnf;aumif; tcsdeftajrmuftjrm;ukd tokH;jyK
ae&jcif;rSm þtaMumif;t&if;aMumifh jzpfEdkifygovm;/
oifonfpdwfat;vufat;xkdifí oihfcE¨mukd,f\tHhzG,f
aumif;ykHukd pOf;pm;zl;ygovm;/ rsufpdurnfokdYjrifEdkifí? em;urnfokdY
Mum;Ekdifjcif;ukd wtHhwMojzpfcJhzl;ygovm;/ vlYOD;aESmuf\ ½IyfaxG;eufeJ
aom zGJUpnf;yHkukd oihftHhMorifoufvQuf &SdaecJhzl;ygovm;/ þ½kyfcE¨m
ukdtHhzG,fwpfyg;tjzpf ½Ijrif&ygrnf/ uREkfyf\om;orD;rsm;zGm;jrifcsdef
wkdif;ü ZeD;\eHab;wGif&yfvQuf ZD0touf\ tHhzG,faumif;ykHMunfhum
yg;jyifxufü rsuf&nfrsm;pD;uscJhonfhtcsdefukd owd&rdygonf/ ocif
c&pfawmf\0dnmOfa&;ukd,fcE¨mawmfonfvnf; xkdtwkdif;yif tHhzG,f
aumif;ygonf/ rMumao;rDvtenf;i,fu uREkfyfonfc&pfawmf\
ukd,fcE¨mawmfonfpdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfpGmjzihf rnfokdYvIyf&Sm;vnf
ywfEkdifaMumif;udk tvGeftHhtm;oihfpGm jrifawGUcJhonf/ c&pfawmf\
ukd,fcE¨mawmfwpfpdwfw0rf;wnf;jzihf x<uEkd;Mum;vmNyD;? rdrdwkdY\
0dnmOfpGrf;&nf qkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd tm;vkH;aumif;&maumif;usKd;twGuf
tokH;csaomtcg ty,fi&J\Akdvfajcrsm;xGufajy;Mu&onfukd uREkfyfjrif
awGUcJhygonf/ {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf tcsif;csif;tm;jzihf 4if;wkdYxHü
&Sdaeaomt&mrsm;ukd ykdíeufeufeJeJem;vnfvmMuzdkY &Sifaygvkqk
awmif;cJhygonf/
wwd,taejzihf? {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf 4if;wkdY\touf
wmü ocifa,½I\wefckd;awmftm; odem;vnfjcif;wGifvnf;aumif;?
xkdwefckd;awmfukdjrnf;prf;cHpm;&müvnf;aumif; BuD;xGm;vmMuzkdY
&Sifaygvktvkd&SdcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf awmf
ukduREkfyfwkdYtxJü oGwfoGif;xm;ygonf/ ukd,fawmfjrwfonf atmif
Ekdifjcif;twGuf rdrd\emrawmfjrwftm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukdtcGihftmPm
ay;xm;ygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf þavmuü uREkfyfwkdYukd rdrdwefckd;
awmf\vufeufwefqmrsm;ozG,f tokH;jyKzkdYa&G;aumufcJhygonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYtvkd&Sdonfhtwkdif; tokH;
jyKzkdY xm;&Sdxm;aom bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmfonf ocifc&pfawmfukd
aojcif;rS jyefvnfxajrmufapcJhaom wefckd;awmfESihftwlwlyifjzpf
aMumif; today;cJhonf (i,f 20)/
þwefckd;awmfonf ,ckumvüvnf;aumif;? aemifumvü
vnf;aumif;&Sdonfh wefckd;cyfodrf;? bGJUemrcyfodrf;? tmPmpufcyfodrf;
wkYdxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm tm;BuD;aomwefckd;awmfjzpfonf/ þwefckd;
awmfonf ty,fi&Jukdtpkd;&aomtiftm;pkrsm;ukd aemufaMumif;jyef
qkwfcGmoGm;apEkdifonfh wefckd;awmfjzpfonf/
þwefckd;awmfonf obm
0w&m;ESihf ocsØKif;ukdatmifEkdifcJhaom wefckd;awmfjzpfonf/ þwef
ukd,fawmf&Sifü BuD;xGm;jcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm152 153
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdtokdif;t0kdif;ESihf aexkdif&efqifhac:cJhyg
onf/ þtokdif;t0kdif;üaexdkifolwpfOD;csif;pDu 4if;wkdY\us&mwm0ef
ukdrjznfhqnf;vQif þtokdif;t0kdif;pnf;pepfwus rvnfywfEkdifzdkY
bk&m;ocifzefqif;cJhygonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;xm;aom þukd,f
cE¨mBuD;\pGrf;&nfqkvufaqmiftm;vkH;onf bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf
ukd csJUxGifwkd;jr§ifha&;twGuf twlwuGtvkyfvkyfMu&onf/ c&pfawmf\
ukd,fcE¨mawmf wnDwñGwfwnf;jzihf twlwuGtvkyfvkyfMuonfukd
pmwefawGUjrifaomtcg wkefvIyfoGm;ygonf/ pmwefonf toif;awmf
xJü pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;ukd zefwD;&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? ½kef;&if;cwfjcif;
rsKd;aphudkBuJ&eftwGufvnf;aumif; tcsdeftajrmuftjrm;ukd tokH;jyK
ae&jcif;rSm þtaMumif;t&if;aMumifh jzpfEdkifygovm;/
oifonfpdwfat;vufat;xkdifí oihfcE¨mukd,f\tHhzG,f
aumif;ykHukd pOf;pm;zl;ygovm;/ rsufpdurnfokdYjrifEdkifí? em;urnfokdY
Mum;Ekdifjcif;ukd wtHhwMojzpfcJhzl;ygovm;/ vlYOD;aESmuf\ ½IyfaxG;eufeJ
aom zGJUpnf;yHkukd oihftHhMorifoufvQuf &SdaecJhzl;ygovm;/ þ½kyfcE¨m
ukdtHhzG,fwpfyg;tjzpf ½Ijrif&ygrnf/ uREkfyf\om;orD;rsm;zGm;jrifcsdef
wkdif;ü ZeD;\eHab;wGif&yfvQuf ZD0touf\ tHhzG,faumif;ykHMunfhum
yg;jyifxufü rsuf&nfrsm;pD;uscJhonfhtcsdefukd owd&rdygonf/ ocif
c&pfawmf\0dnmOfa&;ukd,fcE¨mawmfonfvnf; xkdtwkdif;yif tHhzG,f
aumif;ygonf/ rMumao;rDvtenf;i,fu uREkfyfonfc&pfawmf\
ukd,fcE¨mawmfonfpdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfpGmjzihf rnfokdYvIyf&Sm;vnf
ywfEkdifaMumif;udk tvGeftHhtm;oihfpGm jrifawGUcJhonf/ c&pfawmf\
ukd,fcE¨mawmfwpfpdwfw0rf;wnf;jzihf x<uEkd;Mum;vmNyD;? rdrdwkdY\
0dnmOfpGrf;&nf qkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd tm;vkH;aumif;&maumif;usKd;twGuf
tokH;csaomtcg ty,fi&J\Akdvfajcrsm;xGufajy;Mu&onfukd uREkfyfjrif
awGUcJhygonf/ {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf tcsif;csif;tm;jzihf 4if;wkdYxHü
&Sdaeaomt&mrsm;ukd ykdíeufeufeJeJem;vnfvmMuzdkY &Sifaygvkqk
awmif;cJhygonf/
wwd,taejzihf? {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf 4if;wkdY\touf
wmü ocifa,½I\wefckd;awmftm; odem;vnfjcif;wGifvnf;aumif;?
xkdwefckd;awmfukdjrnf;prf;cHpm;&müvnf;aumif; BuD;xGm;vmMuzkdY
&Sifaygvktvkd&SdcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf awmf
ukduREkfyfwkdYtxJü oGwfoGif;xm;ygonf/ ukd,fawmfjrwfonf atmif
Ekdifjcif;twGuf rdrd\emrawmfjrwftm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukdtcGihftmPm
ay;xm;ygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf þavmuü uREkfyfwkdYukd rdrdwefckd;
awmf\vufeufwefqmrsm;ozG,f tokH;jyKzkdYa&G;aumufcJhygonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYtvkd&Sdonfhtwkdif; tokH;
jyKzkdY xm;&Sdxm;aom bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmfonf ocifc&pfawmfukd
aojcif;rS jyefvnfxajrmufapcJhaom wefckd;awmfESihftwlwlyifjzpf
aMumif; today;cJhonf (i,f 20)/
þwefckd;awmfonf ,ckumvüvnf;aumif;? aemifumvü
vnf;aumif;&Sdonfh wefckd;cyfodrf;? bGJUemrcyfodrf;? tmPmpufcyfodrf;
wkYdxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm tm;BuD;aomwefckd;awmfjzpfonf/ þwefckd;
awmfonf ty,fi&Jukdtpkd;&aomtiftm;pkrsm;ukd aemufaMumif;jyef
qkwfcGmoGm;apEkdifonfh wefckd;awmfjzpfonf/
þwefckd;awmfonf obm
0w&m;ESihf ocsØKif;ukdatmifEkdifcJhaom wefckd;awmfjzpfonf/ þwef
ukd,fawmf&Sifü BuD;xGm;jcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm154
ckd;awmfonf cyfodrf;aomenf;vrf;jzifh cyfodrf;aomt&mwkdYukd jznfhpGrf;
ay;aombk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmfjzpfonf/ þt&monf tvGefus,f
ajymvSaom pBuF0|müyif rqHhaombk&m;ocif\ wefckd;awmfjzpfonf/
þwefckd;awmfukd tao;i,fqkH;aomqJvfav;tm; &Sifoefapaom
pGrf;tm;wGif awGUjrifEdkifonf/ þwefckd;awmfukd pBuF0|mBuD;\us,f
ajymí &ifoyf½IarmzG,fjzpfjcif;wkdYwGif txift&Sm; awGUjrif&ygonf/
þwefcdk;awmfukd rjrifawGY&aomae&mr&Sdyg/ þwefckd;awmfudkrcHpm;
&onfhae&mvnf;r&Sdyg/
þwefckd;awmf uREkfyfwkdYpdwf&Sdwkdif;tokH;jyKzkdY r[kwfaomfvnf;
tvkd&SdovkdtokH;jyKEdkif&ef toifh&Sdaeaom wefckd;awmfjzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocifu w&m;0ifcGihfjyKaomt&mtwGuf wefckd;awmfESihfvkyfykdifcGihf
tmPmukdvnf; bk&m;ocifu cGihfjyKxm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtvkd&Sdovkd
tokH;jyK&eftoifh&Sdaeaom wefckd;awmfukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfoabm
aygufxm;Muygovm;/ þwefckd;awmfonf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuftqifoihf
&Sdaeygaomfvnf; &efoluuREkfyfwkdY\ rdom;pkrsm;ESihf toif;awmfrsm;ukd
zsufaepOfwGif uREkfyfwkdYrSm rnfokdYvkyf&rnfukdrodbJ uREkfyfwkdY\ tvGef
usOf;ajrmif;aomaxmifhav;xJü rnfokdYrMumcP ykef;atmif;aecJhMuyg
oenf;/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf xm;&Sdaom&Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´rSm
olwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmfü &Sdxm;aomrdrdwkdY\ tcGihftmPmESihfwefckd;
tpGrf;ukd ykdíeufeufeJeJem;vnfvmMuNyD;? olwkdYonfpkd;&drfaMumuf&GHU
jcif;? &SufaMumufjcif;wkdYr&SdbJ? ocifc&pfawmf\emrawmfü &efol\
tiftm;pkrsm;ukd ckcHwGef;vSefMu&efjzpfonf/ olonf{zuftoif;
om;rsm;tm; ocifbk&m;ESihf4if;wkdY\ qufqH&if;ESD;rIwGif BuD;xGm;ap
vkdcJhonf/ ocifbk&m;ukd ykdíeufeJawmifhwaom pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd olwkdY
tm;bk&m;ocifuay;oem;zkdY qkawmif;cJhonf/ ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdaom
4if;wkdY\ arQmfvifhcsuf? tcsif;csif;tm;jzihf 4if;wkdY&&Sdxm;aom <u,f0rI?
rdrdwkdYtvkd&Sdonftwkdif; tokH;jyK&eftoifh&Sdaeaom bk&m;ocif\
wefckd;awmfwkdYukd ykdíeufeufeJeJowdjyKrdaomtodpdwfukd bk&m;ocifu
olwkdYukday;oem;zkdY &Sifaygvkqkawmif;cJhonf/ tvGefta&;BuD;aom
tvm;wlor®mw&m;rsm;ukd ykdíeufeufeJeJowdjyKrdaomtodpdwfukd
bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYüvnf; cGihfjyKygapaomf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
ocifa,½IESihfvuf&SdqufqH&if;ESD;rI tajctaeukdoifwif;wdrf
auseyfaecJhygovm;/ þusrf;csufwGif &Sifaygvku{zuf
toif;om;rsm;xHokdY rnfonfhpdefac:csufukd aqmif,lvmay;
ygoenf;/
oifhtoufwmü 0dnmOfa&;BuD;xGm;rI\ oufaotaxmuf
txm;&Sdygovm;/
,kHMunfolrsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;xm;aomrdom;pkwpfpk\ tpdwf
tydkif;jzpf&jcif;rS rnfonfhaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd oifarGU
avsmfaecJh&ygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifhwefckd;awmf\ rnfonfhoufaotaxmuftxm;
udkoifhtoufwmwGif&Sdxm;ygoenf;/ xdkwefcdk;awmfudk
oifrnfodkYtoHkjyKaecJhygoenf;/
ukd,fawmf&Siffü BuD;xGm;jcif; 155
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm154
ckd;awmfonf cyfodrf;aomenf;vrf;jzifh cyfodrf;aomt&mwkdYukd jznfhpGrf;
ay;aombk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmfjzpfonf/ þt&monf tvGefus,f
ajymvSaom pBuF0|müyif rqHhaombk&m;ocif\ wefckd;awmfjzpfonf/
þwefckd;awmfukd tao;i,fqkH;aomqJvfav;tm; &Sifoefapaom
pGrf;tm;wGif awGUjrifEdkifonf/ þwefckd;awmfukd pBuF0|mBuD;\us,f
ajymí &ifoyf½IarmzG,fjzpfjcif;wkdYwGif txift&Sm; awGUjrif&ygonf/
þwefcdk;awmfukd rjrifawGY&aomae&mr&Sdyg/ þwefckd;awmfudkrcHpm;
&onfhae&mvnf;r&Sdyg/
þwefckd;awmf uREkfyfwkdYpdwf&Sdwkdif;tokH;jyKzkdY r[kwfaomfvnf;
tvkd&SdovkdtokH;jyKEdkif&ef toifh&Sdaeaom wefckd;awmfjzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocifu w&m;0ifcGihfjyKaomt&mtwGuf wefckd;awmfESihfvkyfykdifcGihf
tmPmukdvnf; bk&m;ocifu cGihfjyKxm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtvkd&Sdovkd
tokH;jyK&eftoifh&Sdaeaom wefckd;awmfukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfoabm
aygufxm;Muygovm;/ þwefckd;awmfonf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuftqifoihf
&Sdaeygaomfvnf; &efoluuREkfyfwkdY\ rdom;pkrsm;ESihf toif;awmfrsm;ukd
zsufaepOfwGif uREkfyfwkdYrSm rnfokdYvkyf&rnfukdrodbJ uREkfyfwkdY\ tvGef
usOf;ajrmif;aomaxmifhav;xJü rnfokdYrMumcP ykef;atmif;aecJhMuyg
oenf;/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf xm;&Sdaom&Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´rSm
olwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmfü &Sdxm;aomrdrdwkdY\ tcGihftmPmESihfwefckd;
tpGrf;ukd ykdíeufeufeJeJem;vnfvmMuNyD;? olwkdYonfpkd;&drfaMumuf&GHU
jcif;? &SufaMumufjcif;wkdYr&SdbJ? ocifc&pfawmf\emrawmfü &efol\
tiftm;pkrsm;ukd ckcHwGef;vSefMu&efjzpfonf/ olonf{zuftoif;
om;rsm;tm; ocifbk&m;ESihf4if;wkdY\ qufqH&if;ESD;rIwGif BuD;xGm;ap
vkdcJhonf/ ocifbk&m;ukd ykdíeufeJawmifhwaom pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd olwkdY
tm;bk&m;ocifuay;oem;zkdY qkawmif;cJhonf/ ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdaom
4if;wkdY\ arQmfvifhcsuf? tcsif;csif;tm;jzihf 4if;wkdY&&Sdxm;aom <u,f0rI?
rdrdwkdYtvkd&Sdonftwkdif; tokH;jyK&eftoifh&Sdaeaom bk&m;ocif\
wefckd;awmfwkdYukd ykdíeufeufeJeJowdjyKrdaomtodpdwfukd bk&m;ocifu
olwkdYukday;oem;zkdY &Sifaygvkqkawmif;cJhonf/ tvGefta&;BuD;aom
tvm;wlor®mw&m;rsm;ukd ykdíeufeufeJeJowdjyKrdaomtodpdwfukd
bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYüvnf; cGihfjyKygapaomf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
ocifa,½IESihfvuf&SdqufqH&if;ESD;rI tajctaeukdoifwif;wdrf
auseyfaecJhygovm;/ þusrf;csufwGif &Sifaygvku{zuf
toif;om;rsm;xHokdY rnfonfhpdefac:csufukd aqmif,lvmay;
ygoenf;/
oifhtoufwmü 0dnmOfa&;BuD;xGm;rI\ oufaotaxmuf
txm;&Sdygovm;/
,kHMunfolrsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;xm;aomrdom;pkwpfpk\ tpdwf
tydkif;jzpf&jcif;rS rnfonfhaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd oifarGU
avsmfaecJh&ygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifhwefckd;awmf\ rnfonfhoufaotaxmuftxm;
udkoifhtoufwmwGif&Sdxm;ygoenf;/ xdkwefcdk;awmfudk
oifrnfodkYtoHkjyKaecJhygoenf;/
ukd,fawmf&Siffü BuD;xGm;jcif; 155
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm156
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifukdykdí oduRrf;vkdaompdwfqE´ukd ay;oem;zkdYawmif;
avQmufyg/
ocifa,½IjyKcJhaom trIawmftm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? oifhtouf
wm&SdoefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\trIawmftm;jzihfvnf;aumif;
oihftwGuftqifoihf&Sdaeaom wefckd;awmfukdykdí eufeufeJeJ
owdjyKrdaompdwfukd ay;oem;zkdYbk&m;ocifxHü awmif;
avQmufyg/
oifhukday;oem;xm;aom c&pf,mefrdom;pkBuD;twGuf bk&m;
ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ xkdrdom;pkonf tcsif;tcsif;
wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; ulnDaz;rjcif;ü BuD;xGm;vmzkdY ulnDay;&ef
bk&m;oifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
1414
1414
14
ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;
ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;
ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;
{zuf 2;1-10 ukdzwf½Iyg/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;onf ocifa,½Iuum;wkdifxufü tao
cHjcif;tm;jzihf 4if;wkdY\toufwmü NyD;jynfhpkHapcJhaomtrIawmfukd
em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;ü BuD;xGm;aeMu&efrSm 4if;wkdYtwGuf&Sifaygvk
\qkawmif;csufjzpfonf/ þtykdif;wGif wrefawmfBuD;u 4if;wkdYonf
ocifa,½Iukd rdrdwkdY\u,fwifykdif&Siftjzpf ,kHMunfvufcHcJhMuaom
tcsdefü 4if;wkdY\toufwmwGif jzpfysufcJhaomt&mukd qufvufí
today;cJhonf/
oifwkdYonf 'kp½kduftjypfü aovQuf&SdaeMu\ (i,f1-2)
&Sifaygvku {zufNrdKUrS,kHMunfolrsm;tm; ocifc&pfukd4if;wkdY
roduRrf;rDtcsdefü&Sdaom 0dnmOfa&;tajctaeukd owday;jcif;jzihf
tpjyKcJhonf/ ]]oifwkdYonf ...'kp½kduftjypfü usifvnfí? xkd'kp½kduf
tjypfü aovQuf&SdaeMu\}}[k &SifaygvkuajymcJhonf/ þae&mü
&Sifaygvk&nfñTef;xm;aomaojcif;onf 0dnmOfa&;&maojcif;jzpfí
4if;onf bk&m;ocifESifhrdwfo[m,zGJUrI uif;rJhjcif;jzpfonf/ r,kHMunf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm156
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifukdykdí oduRrf;vkdaompdwfqE´ukd ay;oem;zkdYawmif;
avQmufyg/
ocifa,½IjyKcJhaom trIawmftm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? oifhtouf
wm&SdoefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\trIawmftm;jzihfvnf;aumif;
oihftwGuftqifoihf&Sdaeaom wefckd;awmfukdykdí eufeufeJeJ
owdjyKrdaompdwfukd ay;oem;zkdYbk&m;ocifxHü awmif;
avQmufyg/
oifhukday;oem;xm;aom c&pf,mefrdom;pkBuD;twGuf bk&m;
ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ xkdrdom;pkonf tcsif;tcsif;
wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; ulnDaz;rjcif;ü BuD;xGm;vmzkdY ulnDay;&ef
bk&m;oifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
1414
1414
14
ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;
ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;
ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;
{zuf 2;1-10 ukdzwf½Iyg/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;onf ocifa,½Iuum;wkdifxufü tao
cHjcif;tm;jzihf 4if;wkdY\toufwmü NyD;jynfhpkHapcJhaomtrIawmfukd
em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;ü BuD;xGm;aeMu&efrSm 4if;wkdYtwGuf&Sifaygvk
\qkawmif;csufjzpfonf/ þtykdif;wGif wrefawmfBuD;u 4if;wkdYonf
ocifa,½Iukd rdrdwkdY\u,fwifykdif&Siftjzpf ,kHMunfvufcHcJhMuaom
tcsdefü 4if;wkdY\toufwmwGif jzpfysufcJhaomt&mukd qufvufí
today;cJhonf/
oifwkdYonf 'kp½kduftjypfü aovQuf&SdaeMu\ (i,f1-2)
&Sifaygvku {zufNrdKUrS,kHMunfolrsm;tm; ocifc&pfukd4if;wkdY
roduRrf;rDtcsdefü&Sdaom 0dnmOfa&;tajctaeukd owday;jcif;jzihf
tpjyKcJhonf/ ]]oifwkdYonf ...'kp½kduftjypfü usifvnfí? xkd'kp½kduf
tjypfü aovQuf&SdaeMu\}}[k &SifaygvkuajymcJhonf/ þae&mü
&Sifaygvk&nfñTef;xm;aomaojcif;onf 0dnmOfa&;&maojcif;jzpfí
4if;onf bk&m;ocifESifhrdwfo[m,zGJUrI uif;rJhjcif;jzpfonf/ r,kHMunf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm158 159ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;
olonf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;ESihf or®mw&m;wkdYü cHpm;rIuif;í touf
r&kSdawmhaomoltjzpf azmfusL;xm;onf/ oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;ESihf or®m
w&m;wkdYwGif emrusef;jzpfaeonf (okdY) tm;enf;aeonf[k rqkdxm;yg/
xdkt&mwdkYüaoaeonf[k qkdxm;ygonf/ þt&monf 0dnmOfa&;&m
üvnf;aumif;? ocifc&pfawmfESihf qufqH&if;ESD;rIüvnf;aumif;
vHk;vkH;toufZD0uif;rJhjcif;ukdazmfusL;xm;aom tvGefav;euf
jyif;xefonfhpum;vkH;jzpfonf/ olwkdY\toufwm&Sd þ0dnmOfa&;&m
üaojcif;\&v'frsm;ukdowdjyKyg/ tcef;i,f 2 u{zuftoif;om;
rsm;onf u,fwifjcif;rcH&rDtcsdefwGif 4if;wkYd\'kp½kduftjypfrsm;ü
usifvnfaecJhMuaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYukd ajymjyxm;onf/ olwkdY\touf
wmrsm;udk bk&m;ociftm; qefYusifykefuefjcif;ESifhom BuD;pdk;xm;onf/
olwkdYonf avmuDt&mESihf,SOfaom tawG;tac:rsm;aemufokdY
emcHvkduf avQmufcJhaMumif; tcef;i,f 2 wGifowdjyKyg/ þtawG;
tac:onf bk&m;ocifESihf bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm; vkH;vkH;ryg&Sd
aomtawG;tac:jzpfonf/ þtawG;tac:onf bk&m;ocif\
pdwfqE´ESihftvkdawmfukd xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;bJ? vlYpdwfqE´ESihf awmifh
wrIrsm;ukd &mZyv’ifxufü wifxm;aomtawG;tac:jzpfonf/ þt
&monf {zuftoif;om;rsm; ocifa,½IukdoduRrf;rvmrDü 4if;wkdY\
toufwmrsm;ukd vTrf;rkd;jc,fvS,fcJhaom pdwfaeoabmxm;jzpfonf/
oifwkdYonf tmumoaumif;uif\ wefckd;ukdtpkd;&aomol\
xdef;csKYyf jcif;ukdcHMu&\ (i,f 2-3)
ocifa,½Iukd ,kHMunfvufcHjcif;rwkdifrDu {zuftoif;om;
rsm;onf txuftmumoaumif;uif\ wefckd;ukdtpkd;&aomrif;\
xdef;csKyfjcif;ukd cHcJhMu&onf/ xkdrif;rSmpmwefukd,fwkdifyifjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; pmwefonfbk&m;ocif\
vrf;pOfrsm;ukd remcHaomolrsm;ü tvkyfvkyfvQuf&SdaMumif; today;
cJhonf/ pmwefonf ZmwdyuwdpdwfESihf avmuDt&mrsm;ukd tokH;jyKí
{zuftoif;om;rsm;ukd ocifa,½I\u,fwifjcif;rS qD;wm;xm;cJhonf/
pmwefonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;ukd qkd;,kwfaomzGJUpnf;ykHpepfrsm;ESihf
aumufuspfpOf;vJaom tawG;tac:rsm;ü ydwfrdaeapcJhonf/ ocif
c&pfawmfü&Sdaom omíBuD;rm;onfhjzpfwnfrItrSefudk {zuftoif;
om;rsm; rjrifEkdifatmif tvif;uG,fapcJhonf/ pmwefonf olwkdYtay:
üavmuDtaumif;qHk;t&mrsm;? rSm;,Gif;aomtawG;tac:rsm;jzihf
tqufrjywfxkd;ESufwkdufckdufaeonfESihftrQ olwkYdonfvnf; tjypfo
abmobm0\ odrfzsif;aomqE´rsm;wGif ZmwdawmifhwrIrsm;\
axmufacsmufüzrf;rdvQuf&SdaecJhMuonf/ 2aum 10;4-5 wGif
&Sifaygvku þtawG;tac:rsm;ukd r,kHMunfolwkdYtm; tusOf;csxm;
aomcHwyfBuD;ozG,f &nfñTef;cJhonf/
vlom;rsm;jzpfMuonfESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocifukd
aysmfarGUíbk&m;ocifESihf rdwfo[m,zGJUEkdifaom tpGrf;tpwpfckESifh
twl bk&m;ocif\ykHo@mefawmfü zefqif;jcif;cHcJhMu&onf/ þt&m
onfuREkfyfwkdYukd 0dnmOfa&;owå0grsm;r[kwfMuaom wd&pämefrsm;ESihf
jcm;em;apaomt&mjzpfonf/ okdYaomf? jyóemrSm 0dnmOfa&;&mü
aovQuf&Sdaomolwpfa,mufonf taoG;om;ESifhqkdifaom vkdtyfcsuf
rsm;ESihf pdwfcHpm;rIESihfqkdifaom vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukdom jznfhqnf;auseyf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm158 159ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;
olonf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;ESihf or®mw&m;wkdYü cHpm;rIuif;í touf
r&kSdawmhaomoltjzpf azmfusL;xm;onf/ oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;ESihf or®m
w&m;wkdYwGif emrusef;jzpfaeonf (okdY) tm;enf;aeonf[k rqkdxm;yg/
xdkt&mwdkYüaoaeonf[k qkdxm;ygonf/ þt&monf 0dnmOfa&;&m
üvnf;aumif;? ocifc&pfawmfESihf qufqH&if;ESD;rIüvnf;aumif;
vHk;vkH;toufZD0uif;rJhjcif;ukdazmfusL;xm;aom tvGefav;euf
jyif;xefonfhpum;vkH;jzpfonf/ olwkdY\toufwm&Sd þ0dnmOfa&;&m
üaojcif;\&v'frsm;ukdowdjyKyg/ tcef;i,f 2 u{zuftoif;om;
rsm;onf u,fwifjcif;rcH&rDtcsdefwGif 4if;wkYd\'kp½kduftjypfrsm;ü
usifvnfaecJhMuaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYukd ajymjyxm;onf/ olwkdY\touf
wmrsm;udk bk&m;ociftm; qefYusifykefuefjcif;ESifhom BuD;pdk;xm;onf/
olwkdYonf avmuDt&mESihf,SOfaom tawG;tac:rsm;aemufokdY
emcHvkduf avQmufcJhaMumif; tcef;i,f 2 wGifowdjyKyg/ þtawG;
tac:onf bk&m;ocifESihf bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm; vkH;vkH;ryg&Sd
aomtawG;tac:jzpfonf/ þtawG;tac:onf bk&m;ocif\
pdwfqE´ESihftvkdawmfukd xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;bJ? vlYpdwfqE´ESihf awmifh
wrIrsm;ukd &mZyv’ifxufü wifxm;aomtawG;tac:jzpfonf/ þt
&monf {zuftoif;om;rsm; ocifa,½IukdoduRrf;rvmrDü 4if;wkdY\
toufwmrsm;ukd vTrf;rkd;jc,fvS,fcJhaom pdwfaeoabmxm;jzpfonf/
oifwkdYonf tmumoaumif;uif\ wefckd;ukdtpkd;&aomol\
xdef;csKYyf jcif;ukdcHMu&\ (i,f 2-3)
ocifa,½Iukd ,kHMunfvufcHjcif;rwkdifrDu {zuftoif;om;
rsm;onf txuftmumoaumif;uif\ wefckd;ukdtpkd;&aomrif;\
xdef;csKyfjcif;ukd cHcJhMu&onf/ xkdrif;rSmpmwefukd,fwkdifyifjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; pmwefonfbk&m;ocif\
vrf;pOfrsm;ukd remcHaomolrsm;ü tvkyfvkyfvQuf&SdaMumif; today;
cJhonf/ pmwefonf ZmwdyuwdpdwfESihf avmuDt&mrsm;ukd tokH;jyKí
{zuftoif;om;rsm;ukd ocifa,½I\u,fwifjcif;rS qD;wm;xm;cJhonf/
pmwefonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;ukd qkd;,kwfaomzGJUpnf;ykHpepfrsm;ESihf
aumufuspfpOf;vJaom tawG;tac:rsm;ü ydwfrdaeapcJhonf/ ocif
c&pfawmfü&Sdaom omíBuD;rm;onfhjzpfwnfrItrSefudk {zuftoif;
om;rsm; rjrifEkdifatmif tvif;uG,fapcJhonf/ pmwefonf olwkdYtay:
üavmuDtaumif;qHk;t&mrsm;? rSm;,Gif;aomtawG;tac:rsm;jzihf
tqufrjywfxkd;ESufwkdufckdufaeonfESihftrQ olwkYdonfvnf; tjypfo
abmobm0\ odrfzsif;aomqE´rsm;wGif ZmwdawmifhwrIrsm;\
axmufacsmufüzrf;rdvQuf&SdaecJhMuonf/ 2aum 10;4-5 wGif
&Sifaygvku þtawG;tac:rsm;ukd r,kHMunfolwkdYtm; tusOf;csxm;
aomcHwyfBuD;ozG,f &nfñTef;cJhonf/
vlom;rsm;jzpfMuonfESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocifukd
aysmfarGUíbk&m;ocifESihf rdwfo[m,zGJUEkdifaom tpGrf;tpwpfckESifh
twl bk&m;ocif\ykHo@mefawmfü zefqif;jcif;cHcJhMu&onf/ þt&m
onfuREkfyfwkdYukd 0dnmOfa&;owå0grsm;r[kwfMuaom wd&pämefrsm;ESihf
jcm;em;apaomt&mjzpfonf/ okdYaomf? jyóemrSm 0dnmOfa&;&mü
aovQuf&Sdaomolwpfa,mufonf taoG;om;ESifhqkdifaom vkdtyfcsuf
rsm;ESihf pdwfcHpm;rIESihfqkdifaom vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukdom jznfhqnf;auseyf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm160 161
apMuaom wd&päefrsm;uJhokdYaexkdif&jcif;ukd auseyfwif;wdrfaejcif;
jzpfonf/ vlYtoufwmwGif þt&mxuftqaygif;rsm;pGmykdaom
t&mrsm;&Sdonf/ þtqifhonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;u ocifc&pfawmf
rygaom rdrdwkdY\toufwmrsm;ukd &SifoefaecJhMuaomtqifh jzpfonf/
trsufawmfukd cH&aomoljzpfMu\ (i,f 3)
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonfbk&m;ocif
ESihfqkdifaomt&mü aoMuíavmuDvrf;pOfrsm;? Zmwdyuwd\vrf;pOf
rsm;? ewfqkd;wkdY\vrf;pOfrsm;ü &SifoefcJhMuaomtcsdefwGif 4if;wkdYonf
bk&m;ocif\ 'PfcwfpD&ifjcif;atmufwGif &SdaecJhMuaMumif; ajymjy
cJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\ trsufawmfonf tvGefppfrSefaomt&mjzpfNyD;
cyfodrf;aom bk&m;rJhw&m;rJhaejcif;ESihf qefYusifykefuefjcif;wkdYtay:ü
csdef&G,fxm;onf/ qefYusifykefuefaom {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf
rdrdwkdY\ ZmwdyuwdawmifhwrIrsm;\tvkdokdYvkdufí bk&m;ocifukd
ausmckdif;aecJhMuonf/ þawmif;wrIrsm;onf 4if;wkdYukdbk&m;ocifxHrS
vnf;aumif;? 4if;wkdY\toufwmtwGuf xm;&Sdaombk&m;ocif\
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSvnf;aumif; vrf;vGJapcJhonf/ rdrdwdkYonf 'PfcwfpD
&ifjcif;vrf;ay:ü avQmufvSrf;aeMuonfukd owdrjyKrdcJhMuyg/
taMumif;rSm or®mw&m;ukdrjrifEkdifzkdYpmwefESihf avmuDt&mrsm;u
olwkdYukdtvif;uG,fapcJhMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;uJhokdY uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;onfvnf; ]]yuwd
twkdif;trsufawmfukd cH&aomoljzpfMu}} aMumif;ukdod&Sdem;vnfjcif;
onf tvGefwnfMunfav;eufaomt&mjzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;rcH
&aomolrsm;tm;vkH;onf tEÅ&m,fBuD;aom þtajctaewGif &SdaeMu
ygonf/ tcsKdUaomolrsm;u 4if;wkdYvkdufavQmufaeaomvrf;onf bk&m;
ocifESihfxm0&uif;uGm&jcif;qDokdY ykdYaqmifay;rnfhtaMumif;ukd vkH;vkH;
rMum;zl;cJhyg/ tjcm;olrsm;url þor®mw&m;ukd Mum;zl;cJhMuaomfvnf;
r,kHMunfcJhMuyg/ okdYaomf vlwkdY\r,kHMunfjcif;u bk&m;ocif\or®m
w&m;ukd rysufjym;apyg/ þt&monf þae&mü&Sifaygvkazmfjyae
aomt&mjzpfonf/ &efolonf bk&m;ocifESihf cGJxm;cH&aomolrsm;ukd
tvif;uG,faeapNyD;? rdrdwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\xm0&wnfaom
'PfcwfpD&ifjcif;atmufü &SdaeMuonfukdvnf; rod&SdMuyg/
c&pfawmfESihftwl touf&SifapawmfrlNyD (i,f 4-5)
u½kPmawmfESihfjynfhpkHaom uREkfyfwkdY\bk&m;ocifonf
uREkfyfwkdY\ tEÅ&m,fBuD;aom tusyftwnf;xJrS uREfkfyfwkdYukdtjrwf
wEkd;u,fwifay;cJhaMumif; &Sifaygvku azmfjy&if;,kHMunfolrsm;tm;vkH;
ukdajymjyaeygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf&efoltm;jzihfvnf; aumif;? uREkfyfwkdY
\yifukdtjypfoabmobm0tm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? avmuDvrf;pOfrsm;
tm;jzihfvnf;aumif; tvif;uG,fjcif;cH&í aus;uRef tjzpfcsKyfxm;cH&
jcif;ukd bk&m;ocifodjrifcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf cspfjcif;arwåm
tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukd pmwef\cHwGif;0rSvnf;aumif;? aojcif;\cHwGif;
0rSvnf;aumif;? ty,fi&J\cHwGif;0rSvnf;aumif; qGJ,lu,fwifcJhyg
onf/ ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifoGm;cJhaom trIawmfaMumifh uREkfyfwkdY\
tjypf'kp½kdufukd aus;Zl;BuD;pGmcGifhvTwfay;jcif;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonf
aovQuftultnDrJhaeMuaom uREkfyfwkdYukdrdrd\om;awmfjyKvkyfcJhaom
ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm160 161
apMuaom wd&päefrsm;uJhokdYaexkdif&jcif;ukd auseyfwif;wdrfaejcif;
jzpfonf/ vlYtoufwmwGif þt&mxuftqaygif;rsm;pGmykdaom
t&mrsm;&Sdonf/ þtqifhonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;u ocifc&pfawmf
rygaom rdrdwkdY\toufwmrsm;ukd &SifoefaecJhMuaomtqifh jzpfonf/
trsufawmfukd cH&aomoljzpfMu\ (i,f 3)
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonfbk&m;ocif
ESihfqkdifaomt&mü aoMuíavmuDvrf;pOfrsm;? Zmwdyuwd\vrf;pOf
rsm;? ewfqkd;wkdY\vrf;pOfrsm;ü &SifoefcJhMuaomtcsdefwGif 4if;wkdYonf
bk&m;ocif\ 'PfcwfpD&ifjcif;atmufwGif &SdaecJhMuaMumif; ajymjy
cJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\ trsufawmfonf tvGefppfrSefaomt&mjzpfNyD;
cyfodrf;aom bk&m;rJhw&m;rJhaejcif;ESihf qefYusifykefuefjcif;wkdYtay:ü
csdef&G,fxm;onf/ qefYusifykefuefaom {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf
rdrdwkdY\ ZmwdyuwdawmifhwrIrsm;\tvkdokdYvkdufí bk&m;ocifukd
ausmckdif;aecJhMuonf/ þawmif;wrIrsm;onf 4if;wkdYukdbk&m;ocifxHrS
vnf;aumif;? 4if;wkdY\toufwmtwGuf xm;&Sdaombk&m;ocif\
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSvnf;aumif; vrf;vGJapcJhonf/ rdrdwdkYonf 'PfcwfpD
&ifjcif;vrf;ay:ü avQmufvSrf;aeMuonfukd owdrjyKrdcJhMuyg/
taMumif;rSm or®mw&m;ukdrjrifEkdifzkdYpmwefESihf avmuDt&mrsm;u
olwkdYukdtvif;uG,fapcJhMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;uJhokdY uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;onfvnf; ]]yuwd
twkdif;trsufawmfukd cH&aomoljzpfMu}} aMumif;ukdod&Sdem;vnfjcif;
onf tvGefwnfMunfav;eufaomt&mjzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;rcH
&aomolrsm;tm;vkH;onf tEÅ&m,fBuD;aom þtajctaewGif &SdaeMu
ygonf/ tcsKdUaomolrsm;u 4if;wkdYvkdufavQmufaeaomvrf;onf bk&m;
ocifESihfxm0&uif;uGm&jcif;qDokdY ykdYaqmifay;rnfhtaMumif;ukd vkH;vkH;
rMum;zl;cJhyg/ tjcm;olrsm;url þor®mw&m;ukd Mum;zl;cJhMuaomfvnf;
r,kHMunfcJhMuyg/ okdYaomf vlwkdY\r,kHMunfjcif;u bk&m;ocif\or®m
w&m;ukd rysufjym;apyg/ þt&monf þae&mü&Sifaygvkazmfjyae
aomt&mjzpfonf/ &efolonf bk&m;ocifESihf cGJxm;cH&aomolrsm;ukd
tvif;uG,faeapNyD;? rdrdwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\xm0&wnfaom
'PfcwfpD&ifjcif;atmufü &SdaeMuonfukdvnf; rod&SdMuyg/
c&pfawmfESihftwl touf&SifapawmfrlNyD (i,f 4-5)
u½kPmawmfESihfjynfhpkHaom uREkfyfwkdY\bk&m;ocifonf
uREkfyfwkdY\ tEÅ&m,fBuD;aom tusyftwnf;xJrS uREfkfyfwkdYukdtjrwf
wEkd;u,fwifay;cJhaMumif; &Sifaygvku azmfjy&if;,kHMunfolrsm;tm;vkH;
ukdajymjyaeygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf&efoltm;jzihfvnf; aumif;? uREkfyfwkdY
\yifukdtjypfoabmobm0tm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? avmuDvrf;pOfrsm;
tm;jzihfvnf;aumif; tvif;uG,fjcif;cH&í aus;uRef tjzpfcsKyfxm;cH&
jcif;ukd bk&m;ocifodjrifcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf cspfjcif;arwåm
tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukd pmwef\cHwGif;0rSvnf;aumif;? aojcif;\cHwGif;
0rSvnf;aumif;? ty,fi&J\cHwGif;0rSvnf;aumif; qGJ,lu,fwifcJhyg
onf/ ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifoGm;cJhaom trIawmfaMumifh uREkfyfwkdY\
tjypf'kp½kdufukd aus;Zl;BuD;pGmcGifhvTwfay;jcif;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonf
aovQuftultnDrJhaeMuaom uREkfyfwkdYukdrdrd\om;awmfjyKvkyfcJhaom
ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm162 163
trIawmftm;jzihf topfaomtoufwmukd ay;oem;cJhonf/ bk&m;
ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\aoaeaom0dnmOfürdrd\ukd,fykdiftoufukd
oGwfoGif;jcif;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYtm; 0dnmOfa&;toufwmukd ay;cJhygonf/
bk&m;ocifonf þt&mukduREkfyfwkdYESifh xkdufwefcJhaomaMumifh jyKvkyf
cJhjcif;r[kwfyg/ aus;Zl;awmfoufoufaMumifhom jyKvkyfcJhygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ukd,fykdiftoufwmESihftwl touf
&SifvmaomtcsdefwGif toufwmonf tajccHususajymif;vJcJhygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf topfpufpufvlom;rsm;jzpfvmcJhMuonf (2aum 5;17
ukdMunfhyg)/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmf twGufvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocifESihfoufqkdifaomt&mrsm;t
wGufvnf;aumif; topfaomawmifhwrIwpfckukd ay;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
onfoefY&Sif;jcif;twGuf topfaomjyif;jyifjcif;wpfckukd BuHKawGUcHpm;
cJhMuygonf/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf uREkfyfwkdYukd pwifxdef;csKyfawmf
rlNyD;? uREkfyfwkdYü 0dnmOftoD;ukdazmfaqmifay;ygonf (*vmwd 5;22-
26 ukdMunfhyg)/ uREkfyfwkdYonf topfaomvrf;pOfwpfckü touf&Sif&ef
vkyfykdifcGihf tpGrf;tpukday;jcif;cHMu&onf/ þonfrSm uREkfyfwkdYtouf
wm&Sd bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;jzpfNyD;?
topfaomtoufwm\ oufaotxmufxm;vnf;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf a,½Itm;jzihf igwkdYukd&Sifjyefxajrmufapí
aumif;uif t&yfü ae&may;awmfrlNyD (i,f 6-7)/
xkdYaemuf &Sifaygvkonf{zufNrdKU&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; olwkdY
onf topfaomtoufwmukd BuHKawGUcHpm;&onfomr[kwf? aumif;
uift&yfü csD;ajr§mufjcif;ukdvnf; cHMu&aMumif;ajymjycJhonf/ &Sifaygvk
þodkYajymqdk&mwGif rnfonfht&mukd qkdvkdcJhygoenf;/ yxrtaejzihf?
&Sifaygvku 4if;wkdYonf,ckwGif aumif;uifEkdifiHom;rsm;jzpfaeMu onf
[kajymqkdaejcif;jzpfonf (zdvdyÜd 3;20 ukdMunfhyg)/ olwkdY\tjypfrsm;ukd
cGihfvTwfay;jcif;tm;jzihf olwkdYüEkdifiHom;jzpfjcif;yopfukd ay;ygonf/
,ckwGifolwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;jzpfaeMuNyD;? rdrdwkdYqufcH
&rnfh aumif;uiftarGukd olwkdYarQmfvihfEkdifMuNyDjzpfonf/ þurÇmajr
onf olwkdY\tdrfr[kwfawmhyg/ olwkdYonf þavmuü {nfhonfrsm;
ozG,f touf&Sifaeaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/
,kHMunfolrsm;tm;vkH;twGuf þt&monftem*wfwpfcsdefü
jzpfvmrnfht&mtjzpf arQmfvifhaeMuaomt&moufoufr[kwfyg/
þaumif;uifbkHESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;\trSefjzpfwnfrIukd uREkfyffwkdY
,ckyifBuHKawGUcHpm;Mu&ygonf/ uREkfyfwkYd\pdwfqE´rsm;ESihf oabmxm;
rsm;onf avmuDoabmaqmifjcif;rS 0dnmOfoabmaqmifjcif;okdY
ajymif;vJjcif;ukd cH&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf crnf;awmfESifhwkduf½dkufrdwf
o[m,zGJUjcif;ESihf crnf;awmf\cspfjcif;arwåmukd od&SdvmMuonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf þrsufarSmufacwfavmuBuD;\ ysufpD;azmufjyefae
aompdwfaeoabmxm;rS ajzvTwfay;jcif;ukd cHMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYwGif
ykdíjrihfrm;aom pHcsdefpHñTef;ESihfykdíjrihfrm;aom qifhac:rIrsm;&Sdvmonf/
uREkfyfonf þavmuBuD;\aojcif;ESihf 4if;\tawG;tac:rsm;rS
omíjrihfaomtqifhokdYvnf;aumif;? ocifc&pfawmfESihf ocifc&pfawmf
\vrf;pOfrsm;ESihf aygif;pnf;&jcif;okYdvnf;aumif; csD;ajr§mufcHMu&onf/
þaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifurdrd\aus;Zl;
ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm162 163
trIawmftm;jzihf topfaomtoufwmukd ay;oem;cJhonf/ bk&m;
ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\aoaeaom0dnmOfürdrd\ukd,fykdiftoufukd
oGwfoGif;jcif;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYtm; 0dnmOfa&;toufwmukd ay;cJhygonf/
bk&m;ocifonf þt&mukduREkfyfwkdYESifh xkdufwefcJhaomaMumifh jyKvkyf
cJhjcif;r[kwfyg/ aus;Zl;awmfoufoufaMumifhom jyKvkyfcJhygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ukd,fykdiftoufwmESihftwl touf
&SifvmaomtcsdefwGif toufwmonf tajccHususajymif;vJcJhygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf topfpufpufvlom;rsm;jzpfvmcJhMuonf (2aum 5;17
ukdMunfhyg)/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmf twGufvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocifESihfoufqkdifaomt&mrsm;t
wGufvnf;aumif; topfaomawmifhwrIwpfckukd ay;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
onfoefY&Sif;jcif;twGuf topfaomjyif;jyifjcif;wpfckukd BuHKawGUcHpm;
cJhMuygonf/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf uREkfyfwkdYukd pwifxdef;csKyfawmf
rlNyD;? uREkfyfwkdYü 0dnmOftoD;ukdazmfaqmifay;ygonf (*vmwd 5;22-
26 ukdMunfhyg)/ uREkfyfwkdYonf topfaomvrf;pOfwpfckü touf&Sif&ef
vkyfykdifcGihf tpGrf;tpukday;jcif;cHMu&onf/ þonfrSm uREkfyfwkdYtouf
wm&Sd bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;jzpfNyD;?
topfaomtoufwm\ oufaotxmufxm;vnf;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf a,½Itm;jzihf igwkdYukd&Sifjyefxajrmufapí
aumif;uif t&yfü ae&may;awmfrlNyD (i,f 6-7)/
xkdYaemuf &Sifaygvkonf{zufNrdKU&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; olwkdY
onf topfaomtoufwmukd BuHKawGUcHpm;&onfomr[kwf? aumif;
uift&yfü csD;ajr§mufjcif;ukdvnf; cHMu&aMumif;ajymjycJhonf/ &Sifaygvk
þodkYajymqdk&mwGif rnfonfht&mukd qkdvkdcJhygoenf;/ yxrtaejzihf?
&Sifaygvku 4if;wkdYonf,ckwGif aumif;uifEkdifiHom;rsm;jzpfaeMu onf
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cGihfvTwfay;jcif;tm;jzihf olwkdYüEkdifiHom;jzpfjcif;yopfukd ay;ygonf/
,ckwGifolwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;jzpfaeMuNyD;? rdrdwkdYqufcH
&rnfh aumif;uiftarGukd olwkdYarQmfvihfEkdifMuNyDjzpfonf/ þurÇmajr
onf olwkdY\tdrfr[kwfawmhyg/ olwkdYonf þavmuü {nfhonfrsm;
ozG,f touf&Sifaeaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/
,kHMunfolrsm;tm;vkH;twGuf þt&monftem*wfwpfcsdefü
jzpfvmrnfht&mtjzpf arQmfvifhaeMuaomt&moufoufr[kwfyg/
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rsm;onf avmuDoabmaqmifjcif;rS 0dnmOfoabmaqmifjcif;okdY
ajymif;vJjcif;ukd cH&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf crnf;awmfESifhwkduf½dkufrdwf
o[m,zGJUjcif;ESihf crnf;awmf\cspfjcif;arwåmukd od&SdvmMuonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf þrsufarSmufacwfavmuBuD;\ ysufpD;azmufjyefae
aompdwfaeoabmxm;rS ajzvTwfay;jcif;ukd cHMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYwGif
ykdíjrihfrm;aom pHcsdefpHñTef;ESihfykdíjrihfrm;aom qifhac:rIrsm;&Sdvmonf/
uREkfyfonf þavmuBuD;\aojcif;ESihf 4if;\tawG;tac:rsm;rS
omíjrihfaomtqifhokdYvnf;aumif;? ocifc&pfawmfESihf ocifc&pfawmf
\vrf;pOfrsm;ESihf aygif;pnf;&jcif;okYdvnf;aumif; csD;ajr§mufcHMu&onf/
þaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifurdrd\aus;Zl;
ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;
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awmfESihf *½kPmawmf\<u,f0jcif;ukd ykHoufaojyaeygonf (i,f 7)/
bk&m;ocif xm0&bk&m;onf uREkfyfwkdYtm;jzifh ukd,fhukd,fukdbkef;awmf
xif&Sm;ap&onfukd auseyftm;&awmfrlaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYodem;vnf
xm;&efta&;BuD;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\wefckd;awmfESihf cspfjcif;
arwåmjzihf uREkfyfwkdYukdjynfhapjcif;tm;jzihf ,ckumvüvnf;aumif;?
vmrnfhxm0&umvüvnf;aumif; rdrdxHü*kPfBuD;jcif;ESihf csD;rGrf;jcif;
ukdaqmif,lvmygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\Nidrfoufjcif;ESihf0rf;
ajrmufjcif;wkdYESifh zkH;vTrf;apjcif;jzihf rdrdonfcspfcifMuifemwwfí oem;
jcif;*½kPmESihf jynfhpkHaombk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif; avmuDom;rsm;ukd
jyoygonf/ oifESihfuREkfyfuJhokdYaom vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm;jzihf rdrd\p½kduf
vu©Pmtm; azmfxkwfjyo&onfukd bk&m;ocifarGUavsmfonf/ þ
aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm; tjcm;olrsm;xHokdY pD;qif;oGm;Ekdifrnfh vrf;
aMumif;wpfckjzpf&onfrSm tvGef*kPf,lzG,fr[kwfygvm;/ rdrd\
u½kPmawmfESihf aus;Zl;awmfukd tjcm;olrsm;xHokdY pD;qif;ap&eftwGuf
BuD;jrwfí oefY&Sif;awmfrlaom þpBuF0|mBuD;\t&Sifbk&m;ocifu
uREkfyfwkdYukd tokH;jyKvkdcJhygonf[laomt&monf uREkfyfwkdYpdwful;EkdifpGrf;
\wpfzufwGif&Sdaeygonf/
þu,fwifjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfoufoufaMumifh
jzpf\ (i,f 8-9)/
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ygoenf;/ ocifc&pfawmfü touf&Sifvmjcif;\
tHhzG,faumif;BuD;
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rsm;tm;vkH; jzpfEkdifacs&Sdvm&jcif;rSm bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmf ouf
oufaMumihfjzpfaMumif; tcef;i,f 8 ESihf 9 uuREkfyfwdkYukd today;
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wefwef&&SdzdkY rnfonfht&mukdrQ uREkfyfwdkYrvkyfEkdifyg/ bk&m;ocifonf
aus;Zl;awmf (rxkdufrwef&&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\rsufESmomay;rI)
tm;jzihf 0dnmOfa&;üaovQuf&SdaeMuaom tjypfom;rsm;xHü rdrd
toufukday;cJhygonf/ u,fwifjcif;ukdpGrf;aqmif&&SdEkdifzkdY rnfolrQ
aumif;oihfoavmuf raumif;MuEdkifyg/ aumif;rGefpGmaexkdifoihf
oavmuf raexkdifEdkifMuyg/ rnfonfht&mukdrQ xl;xl;jcm;jcm;
vkyfaqmif oihfoavmuf rvkyfaqmifEkdifMuyg/ bk&m;ocifonf þt
opfaomtoufwmukd rdrd\tvkdawmf&Sdaom apwempdwfü tajccHí
cGihfjyKay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYbufrSvkyfaqmifEdkift&mrSm bk&m;
ocifay;oem;aomt&mukd vufcHjcif;oufoufomjzpfonf/
þt&monf uREkfyfwkdYtrsm;pktwGuf rmefpG,fukdcsKd;aom
tawG;rsKd;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf u,fwifjcif;ESihfxkdufwefaomaMumifh
u,fwifjcif;cHMu&jcif;jzpfonf[k ,lqvkdMuonf (a&mr 3;10-20
ukdMunfhyg)/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYü aumif;uGuftcsKdUukd jrifawGU
cJhaomaMumihf ]]'Dvlukdawmh igu,frSjzpfr,f/ bmvkdYvJqdkawmh olwkdY
b,favmuftxd cufcufcJcJBudK;pm;aeMuovJqkdwm igjrifcJhvkdYyJ}}[k
ajymqkdcJhonfhtvm; uREkfyfwkdY,lqvkdMuonf/ þonfrSmor®musrf;pmu
oGefoifay;aomt&mr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\rsufESmomay;rIukd xkduf
xkdufwefwef&&SdzkdY uREfkfyfwkdYBudK;pm;avav aus;Zl;awmf\trSefjzpfwnf
ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;
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awmfESihf *½kPmawmf\<u,f0jcif;ukd ykHoufaojyaeygonf (i,f 7)/
bk&m;ocif xm0&bk&m;onf uREkfyfwkdYtm;jzifh ukd,fhukd,fukdbkef;awmf
xif&Sm;ap&onfukd auseyftm;&awmfrlaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYodem;vnf
xm;&efta&;BuD;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\wefckd;awmfESihf cspfjcif;
arwåmjzihf uREkfyfwkdYukdjynfhapjcif;tm;jzihf ,ckumvüvnf;aumif;?
vmrnfhxm0&umvüvnf;aumif; rdrdxHü*kPfBuD;jcif;ESihf csD;rGrf;jcif;
ukdaqmif,lvmygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\Nidrfoufjcif;ESihf0rf;
ajrmufjcif;wkdYESifh zkH;vTrf;apjcif;jzihf rdrdonfcspfcifMuifemwwfí oem;
jcif;*½kPmESihf jynfhpkHaombk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif; avmuDom;rsm;ukd
jyoygonf/ oifESihfuREkfyfuJhokdYaom vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm;jzihf rdrd\p½kduf
vu©Pmtm; azmfxkwfjyo&onfukd bk&m;ocifarGUavsmfonf/ þ
aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm; tjcm;olrsm;xHokdY pD;qif;oGm;Ekdifrnfh vrf;
aMumif;wpfckjzpf&onfrSm tvGef*kPf,lzG,fr[kwfygvm;/ rdrd\
u½kPmawmfESihf aus;Zl;awmfukd tjcm;olrsm;xHokdY pD;qif;ap&eftwGuf
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uREkfyfwkdYukd tokH;jyKvkdcJhygonf[laomt&monf uREkfyfwkdYpdwful;EkdifpGrf;
\wpfzufwGif&Sdaeygonf/
þu,fwifjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfoufoufaMumifh
jzpf\ (i,f 8-9)/
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ygoenf;/ ocifc&pfawmfü touf&Sifvmjcif;\
tHhzG,faumif;BuD;
r*Fvmukd 0ifETJ&efuREkfyfwkdYrnfonfht&mukd jyKvkyfzdkYvdkoenf;/ þt&m
rsm;tm;vkH; jzpfEkdifacs&Sdvm&jcif;rSm bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmf ouf
oufaMumihfjzpfaMumif; tcef;i,f 8 ESihf 9 uuREkfyfwdkYukd today;
xm;onf/
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wefwef&&SdzdkY rnfonfht&mukdrQ uREkfyfwdkYrvkyfEkdifyg/ bk&m;ocifonf
aus;Zl;awmf (rxkdufrwef&&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\rsufESmomay;rI)
tm;jzihf 0dnmOfa&;üaovQuf&SdaeMuaom tjypfom;rsm;xHü rdrd
toufukday;cJhygonf/ u,fwifjcif;ukdpGrf;aqmif&&SdEkdifzkdY rnfolrQ
aumif;oihfoavmuf raumif;MuEdkifyg/ aumif;rGefpGmaexkdifoihf
oavmuf raexkdifEdkifMuyg/ rnfonfht&mukdrQ xl;xl;jcm;jcm;
vkyfaqmif oihfoavmuf rvkyfaqmifEkdifMuyg/ bk&m;ocifonf þt
opfaomtoufwmukd rdrd\tvkdawmf&Sdaom apwempdwfü tajccHí
cGihfjyKay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYbufrSvkyfaqmifEdkift&mrSm bk&m;
ocifay;oem;aomt&mukd vufcHjcif;oufoufomjzpfonf/
þt&monf uREkfyfwkdYtrsm;pktwGuf rmefpG,fukdcsKd;aom
tawG;rsKd;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf u,fwifjcif;ESihfxkdufwefaomaMumifh
u,fwifjcif;cHMu&jcif;jzpfonf[k ,lqvkdMuonf (a&mr 3;10-20
ukdMunfhyg)/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYü aumif;uGuftcsKdUukd jrifawGU
cJhaomaMumihf ]]'Dvlukdawmh igu,frSjzpfr,f/ bmvkdYvJqdkawmh olwkdY
b,favmuftxd cufcufcJcJBudK;pm;aeMuovJqkdwm igjrifcJhvkdYyJ}}[k
ajymqkdcJhonfhtvm; uREkfyfwkdY,lqvkdMuonf/ þonfrSmor®musrf;pmu
oGefoifay;aomt&mr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\rsufESmomay;rIukd xkduf
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ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;
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rIESihf uGmvSrf;avavomjzpfMuonf/ u,fwifjcif;onf xkdufwefrI
&Sd? r&Sdukd xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;r&SdyJ? bk&m;ocif\tcsKyftjcmjzpfaom
a&G;cs,frIwGif tajccHí ay;oem;xm;aomt&mjzpfonf/ þonfrSm
ocifbk&m;u uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf vkyfaqmifay;aomt&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocifonf þtHhzG,fu,fwifjcif;ukd rdrd\ukd,fykdifauseyftm;&rI
twGuf uREkfyfwkdYukd ay;oem;vkdaomaMumifh vkH;vkH;tcrJhvufaqmif
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jyozkdYtvkdYiSg 4if;wkYdukd u,fwifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ olwkdYonf aumif;aom
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ukd,fawmf&Sif\ wefqmyvmrsm;jzpfMuonf/
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u,fwifjcif;ukd tcrJhvufaqmifwpfyg;tjzpfvufcH&efrSm
vlwkdYtwGuftb,fhaMumihf cufcJaeygoenf;/ xkdufxkdufwef
wef&&SdzkdY uREkfyfwkdYvkH;vkH;rBudK;pm;cJhaomt&mukd vufcH&,lzkdY
ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm166 167
rIESihf uGmvSrf;avavomjzpfMuonf/ u,fwifjcif;onf xkdufwefrI
&Sd? r&Sdukd xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;r&SdyJ? bk&m;ocif\tcsKyftjcmjzpfaom
a&G;cs,frIwGif tajccHí ay;oem;xm;aomt&mjzpfonf/ þonfrSm
ocifbk&m;u uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf vkyfaqmifay;aomt&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocifonf þtHhzG,fu,fwifjcif;ukd rdrd\ukd,fykdifauseyftm;&rI
twGuf uREkfyfwkdYukd ay;oem;vkdaomaMumifh vkH;vkH;tcrJhvufaqmif
wpfcktjzpfESihf tzkd;tc,ljcif;r&Sd? t&nftcsif;owfrSwfjcif;vnf;r&dS
bJuREkfyfwkdYukday;oem;xm;onf/
igwkdYonfaumif;aomtusihfwkdYukd usifh&rnfhtaMumif; zefqif;jcif;cH
Mu&\ (i,f 10)
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonfaumif;aom
tusihfwkdYukd usifhBuHMuzdkY ocifa,½Ic&pfü zefqif;jcif;cHcJhMuaMumif;
today;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrda&G;aumufxm;aomolrsm;ukd
þavmuDt&mrS u,fEIwfcJhtm;jzihf olwkdYonfþavmuüudk,fawmf\
tapcHrsm;jzpfvmMuum emrawmfjrwfxHokdY bkef;BuD;jcif;ukdaqmif,lvm
Murnfjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf þavmuBuD;xJokdY ocifc&pf
awmf\ toufwmESihftwljyefvmzdkYtvkdYiSg þavmurS u,fwifjcif;ukd
cHMu&jcif;jzpfonf/ &efol\tarSmifcsjcif;ukdcHxm;&onfhþavmuü
bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESihf Muifemjcif;wkdYukd 4if;wkdYtm;jzihf ykHoufao
jyozkdYtvkdYiSg 4if;wkYdukd u,fwifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ olwkdYonf aumif;aom
tusifhrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocif\wefqmyvmrsm;jzpfMuonf/ xkdokYd
tm;jzifh vlwkdYuxkdaumif;aomtusihfrsm;ukd jrifawGUNyD; aumif;uifbkH&Sd
uREkfyfwkdY\crnf;awmfxHü bkef;BuD;jcif;ESihf*kPfBuD;jcif;ukdaqmif,l
vmMurnfjzpfonf (róJ 5;6 ukdMunfhyg)/
uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwifjcif;onf vkH;vkH;tcrJhjzpfaomfvnf;
xkdt&monf uREkfyfwkdY\toufukdqkH;½IH;epfemapygvdrfhrnf/ u,fwif
jcif;cH&aomuREkfyfwdkYonf tjyeftvSeftm;jzihf bk&m;ociftwGuf
touf&Sif&efvkdtyfonf/ þurÇmajrüvnf;aumif;? vmrnfhurÇmü
vnf;aumif; uREfkyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifhemrawmf bkef;BuD;jcif;twGuf
ukd,fawmf&Sif\ wefqmyvmrsm;jzpfMuonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
avmuDvrf;pOf\tawG;tac:u oifhtay:ürnfonfh vTrf;
rkd;rIukdjyKvkyfygoenf;/ þvrf;pOfonf bk&m;ocif\vrf;pOf
ESihf rnfokdYuGmjcm;ygoenf;/
ocifc&pfawmf\ þtopfaomtoufwmukd oifBuHKawGU
cHpm;cJhygovm;/ ,aeYwGif oihftxJü&Sdaeaom ukd,fawmf&Sif
toufwm\ rnfonfhtaxmuftxm;udk&Sdxm;oenf;/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmftm;jzihf aumif;uifbkHESihfqkdif
aomt&mwkdYü csD;ajr§mufjcif;cHMu&onf[k &Sifaygvku uREkfyf
wkdYukd þae&mwGifajymjyxm;onf/ oifonfaumif;uifbkHESihf
qkdifaomt&mwkdYü rnfokdYtouf&Sifaeygoenf;/
u,fwifjcif;ukd tcrJhvufaqmifwpfyg;tjzpfvufcH&efrSm
vlwkdYtwGuftb,fhaMumihf cufcJaeygoenf;/ xkdufxkdufwef
wef&&SdzkdY uREkfyfwkdYvkH;vkH;rBudK;pm;cJhaomt&mukd vufcH&,lzkdY
ocifc&pfawmfü jyefvnftouf&Sifjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm168
tb,faMumifh tvGefcufcJae&ygoenf;/
u,fwifjcif;ukd xkdufxkdufwefwef&&SdzkdY vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifjcif;
ESihfbk&m;ocif\t<uif;rJhvufcHtodtrSwfjyKay;jcif;udk aus;
Zl;wifítokH;awmfcHjcif;wkdY\ jcm;em;csufrSmtb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifc&pfawmfü þtopfaomtoufwmukd oifvkH;vkH;
BuHKawGU cHpm;jcif;r&Sdao;vQif oifhxJüudk,fawmf&Sif\touf
wmukd azmfxkwfjyoay;zkdY awmif;avQmuf&ef tcsdeftenf;
i,f,lyg/
oifhtxJrS ocifc&pfawmf\ toufwmukdoifodxm;vQif
ukd,fawmf&Sifonf oifhtm;jzihfomíBuD;rm;aomenf;vrf;jzihf
ukd,fhukd,fukd azmfxkwfjyozkdY awmif;avQmufyg/ tjcm;olrsm;ü
ukd,fawmf&Sif\ aumif;BuD;r*FvmpD;qif;oGm;aprnfh wefqm
yvmtjzpfESihf oihftoufwmukdtxHawmfü topfwpfzef
qufuyfyg/
ocifbk&m;u oihftoufwmü jyKvkyfcJhonfhowfowfrSwfrSwf
&Sdaomtajymif;tvJtcsKdUtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;&ef tcsdef
tenf;i,f,lyg/
oihfteD;tem;rSvlrsm;xHü aumif;aomtusifhrsm;twGuf
ykHOyrmwpfckjzpfvmzdkY pGrf;aqmifay;&ef ocifbk&m;ukd awmif;
avQmufyg/
1515
1515
15
wuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwfwuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwf
wuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwfwuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwf
wuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwf
{zuf 2;11-22 ukdzwf½Iyg/
ocifa,½Ionf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf ajrmufjrm;pGmaom tHhzG,f&m
rsm;ukd vkyfaqmifay;oGm;cJhygonf/ &Sifaygvkonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;
xHwGif ocifa,½Ic&pfawmfü 4if;wkdYykdifqkdifxm;aom r,kHEkdifzG,f&m
pnf;pdrfOpömtaMumif;ukd &Sif;vif;ajymMum;zkdY BudK;pm;aecJhygonf/
þtykdif;wGif &Sifaygvku4if;wkdYtm; ocifa,½IESihf4if;wkdY\topfaom
qufqH&if;ESD;rIESihftwla&muf&Sdvmonfh tjcm;aomtHhzG,fjzpf&yfrSef
wpfcktaMumif;ukd today;cJhygonf/
"r®a[mif;usrf;\ zGJUpnf;rIpepft& wyg;trsKd;jzpfaom {zuf
NrdKUom;rsm;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf wuRef;wEkdifiHom;rsm;jzpfcJhMu
onf/ olwkdYukd ]]ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;ukd rcHaomvl}} [k odxm;Muonf/
xkdokdYjzpfaomaMumihf 4if;wkYdonf bk&m;ocif\vufa&G;pifrdom;pkrS
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\y#dnmOfaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;rS vnf;
aumif; z,fxkwfjcif;ukd cHMu&onf/ wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf þavmuwGif
bk&m;vnf;r&SdMuouJhokdY arQmfvifhcsufvnf;r&SdcJhMuyg/ bk&m;ocif\
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm168
tb,faMumifh tvGefcufcJae&ygoenf;/
u,fwifjcif;ukd xkdufxkdufwefwef&&SdzkdY vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifjcif;
ESihfbk&m;ocif\t<uif;rJhvufcHtodtrSwfjyKay;jcif;udk aus;
Zl;wifítokH;awmfcHjcif;wkdY\ jcm;em;csufrSmtb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifc&pfawmfü þtopfaomtoufwmukd oifvkH;vkH;
BuHKawGU cHpm;jcif;r&Sdao;vQif oifhxJüudk,fawmf&Sif\touf
wmukd azmfxkwfjyoay;zkdY awmif;avQmuf&ef tcsdeftenf;
i,f,lyg/
oifhtxJrS ocifc&pfawmf\ toufwmukdoifodxm;vQif
ukd,fawmf&Sifonf oifhtm;jzihfomíBuD;rm;aomenf;vrf;jzihf
ukd,fhukd,fukd azmfxkwfjyozkdY awmif;avQmufyg/ tjcm;olrsm;ü
ukd,fawmf&Sif\ aumif;BuD;r*FvmpD;qif;oGm;aprnfh wefqm
yvmtjzpfESihf oihftoufwmukdtxHawmfü topfwpfzef
qufuyfyg/
ocifbk&m;u oihftoufwmü jyKvkyfcJhonfhowfowfrSwfrSwf
&Sdaomtajymif;tvJtcsKdUtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;&ef tcsdef
tenf;i,f,lyg/
oihfteD;tem;rSvlrsm;xHü aumif;aomtusifhrsm;twGuf
ykHOyrmwpfckjzpfvmzdkY pGrf;aqmifay;&ef ocifbk&m;ukd awmif;
avQmufyg/
1515
1515
15
wuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwfwuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwf
wuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwfwuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwf
wuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwf
{zuf 2;11-22 ukdzwf½Iyg/
ocifa,½Ionf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf ajrmufjrm;pGmaom tHhzG,f&m
rsm;ukd vkyfaqmifay;oGm;cJhygonf/ &Sifaygvkonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;
xHwGif ocifa,½Ic&pfawmfü 4if;wkdYykdifqkdifxm;aom r,kHEkdifzG,f&m
pnf;pdrfOpömtaMumif;ukd &Sif;vif;ajymMum;zkdY BudK;pm;aecJhygonf/
þtykdif;wGif &Sifaygvku4if;wkdYtm; ocifa,½IESihf4if;wkdY\topfaom
qufqH&if;ESD;rIESihftwla&muf&Sdvmonfh tjcm;aomtHhzG,fjzpf&yfrSef
wpfcktaMumif;ukd today;cJhygonf/
"r®a[mif;usrf;\ zGJUpnf;rIpepft& wyg;trsKd;jzpfaom {zuf
NrdKUom;rsm;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf wuRef;wEkdifiHom;rsm;jzpfcJhMu
onf/ olwkdYukd ]]ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;ukd rcHaomvl}} [k odxm;Muonf/
xkdokdYjzpfaomaMumihf 4if;wkYdonf bk&m;ocif\vufa&G;pifrdom;pkrS
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\y#dnmOfaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;rS vnf;
aumif; z,fxkwfjcif;ukd cHMu&onf/ wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf þavmuwGif
bk&m;vnf;r&SdMuouJhokdY arQmfvifhcsufvnf;r&SdcJhMuyg/ bk&m;ocif\
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm170 171
y#dnmOfw&m;ESihf tpdrf;oufoufrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm 4if;wkdY
onfbk&m;ocifESihfxm0&cGJuGm&jcif;twGuf owfrSwfjcif;cHMu&NyD;?
bk&m;ocif\trsufawmfatmufü &SdaecJhMuygonf/ þt&mESihf
ywfoufí 4if;wkdYonfvkyfEkdifaomt&mwpfckrQr&Sdyg/ þt&monf
uHqkd;rkd;arSmifusjcif;wpfckr[kwfygvm;/ xm0&uGJcGm&jcif;? xm0&
trsufawmf&Sjcif;? xm0&emusifcHpm;&jcif;wkdYonf aemifb0wGif
olwkdYukd apmifhaecJhygonf/ þt&m\ qkdvkd&if;trSefukd uREkfyfwkdYtrSef
wu,f em;vnfMuvdrfhrnfr[kwf[k uREkfyfxifrdygonf/ bk&m;ocif\
aus;Zlawmfomr&SdcJhvQif þt&monfuREkfyfwkdY\ Mur®myef;wkdifyifjzpfcJh
ygonf/ bk&m;ocif\ y#dnmOfw&m;ESihf roufqkdifaomolrsm; jzpfMu
onfESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfü EkdifiHom; jzpfjcif;
rSz,fxkwfjcif;ukd cHcJhMu&ygonf/
þurÇmBuD;ü ocifa,½Iay:xGef;awmfrlvmí u&meDum;wkdif
xufü taocHjcif;ESihftwl bk&m;ocifESihfvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\
y#dnmOfw&m;ESihfqkdifaom &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif; tpdrf;
oufoufjzpfcJhMuonfh wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf bk&m;ocifhEkdifiHawmf\
wpfpdwfwpfykdif; jzpfvmEkdifcJhMuonf/ ,k'trsKd;ESihfwpfyg;trsKd;wkdYukd
cGJjcm;xm;onfh vlrIa&;eH&H? 0dnmOfa&;eH&HESihf y#dnmOfw&m;eH&HwkdYukd
ocifc&pfawmf\taocHjcif;u csKd;zsufcJhygonf (i,f 14)/ ,k'trsKd;
ESihfwyg;trsKd;wkdY\tjypf'kp½kduftay:ü xm;&Sdaombk&m;ocif\
trsufawmfukd ocifc&pfawmf\taoG;awmfu ajyaysmufapcJhonf/
u&meDum;wkdifxufü ocifa,½IjyKvkyfoGm;cJhaom trIawmfu
y#dnmOfw&m;topfwpfckukd pwifcJhonf/ þy#dnmOfw&m;atmufwGif
ocifc&pfawmfukd ,kHMunfaomvlwkdif;onf tqifhtwef;twlwljzpf
Muonf/ 0dnmOfa&;t&ajym&vQif? ocifc&pfawmfukd ,kHMunfaom
olwpfa,mufa,mufonf ,k'trsKd;r[kwfawmhouJhokdY wyg;trsKd;
vnf;r[kwfawmhyg/ c&pf,mefwpfa,mufomjzpfonf/ vlwpfa,muf
onfy#dnmOfw&m;ESihfqkdifaom aumif;BuD;r*Fvm\ wpfpdwfwpfykdif;
jzpfvmzkdY ,kk'vlrsKd;wpfa,muftjzpfESihf arG;zGm;vmzdkY rvkdtyfawmhyg/
vlwpfa,mufonf bk&m;ocif\vufcHtodtrSwfjyKjcif;ukd cH&zkdY
ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; trSwftom;ukdvnf; &Sdxm;zkdYrvkdawmhyg/ vlwpf
a,mufonf tjypfvTwfjcif;cH&aMumif;ukd yHkaqmif&efEGm;ESihfqdwf
wkdY\aoG;udkAdrmefawmfü oGm;a&mufylaZmfzkdY rvkdawmhyg/ ocifa,½Iu
rdrdtaocHjcif;jzihf vrf;wpfckukd pDpOfay;oem;cJhygonf/ bmoma&;
(okdY) ,Ofaus;rIaemufcHtaMumif;ukd y"merxm;bJ rnfolrqkd xkdvrf;
tm;jzihf ukd,fawmfxHwkduf½kdufvma&mufEkdifNyD;? 4if;wkdY\tjypf'kp½kduf
rsm;ukd cGihfvTwfjcif;cH,lEkdifonf/ ocifc&pfawmf\ taocHjcif;u ,k'
trsKd;ESihfwyg;trsKd;wkdYMum;&Sd a&S;ya0PoDu&SdcJhaom vlwef;pm;cGJjcm;
jcif;ukd zsufodrf;cJhonf/
&Sifaygvk\tqkdt&? ,k'trsKd;ESihfwyg;trsKd;wkdYukd wpfpkwnf;
jzpfapzkdYtvkdYiSg ocifa,½ItaocHcJhjcif;jzpfonf (i,f 15-16)/ ocif
c&pfawmfonf bk&m;ocifESihftvGeftvSrf;a0;cJhMuaom wyg;trsKd;
rsm;xHü Nidrf;csrf;jcif;w&m;ukdvma&mufazmfjya[majymcJhonf/ ukd,f
awmfonf tvm;wlw&m;a'oemukd rdrd\a&G;aumufcHom;orD;
wuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm170 171
y#dnmOfw&m;ESihf tpdrf;oufoufrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm 4if;wkdY
onfbk&m;ocifESihfxm0&cGJuGm&jcif;twGuf owfrSwfjcif;cHMu&NyD;?
bk&m;ocif\trsufawmfatmufü &SdaecJhMuygonf/ þt&mESihf
ywfoufí 4if;wkdYonfvkyfEkdifaomt&mwpfckrQr&Sdyg/ þt&monf
uHqkd;rkd;arSmifusjcif;wpfckr[kwfygvm;/ xm0&uGJcGm&jcif;? xm0&
trsufawmf&Sjcif;? xm0&emusifcHpm;&jcif;wkdYonf aemifb0wGif
olwkdYukd apmifhaecJhygonf/ þt&m\ qkdvkd&if;trSefukd uREkfyfwkdYtrSef
wu,f em;vnfMuvdrfhrnfr[kwf[k uREkfyfxifrdygonf/ bk&m;ocif\
aus;Zlawmfomr&SdcJhvQif þt&monfuREkfyfwkdY\ Mur®myef;wkdifyifjzpfcJh
ygonf/ bk&m;ocif\ y#dnmOfw&m;ESihf roufqkdifaomolrsm; jzpfMu
onfESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfü EkdifiHom; jzpfjcif;
rSz,fxkwfjcif;ukd cHcJhMu&ygonf/
þurÇmBuD;ü ocifa,½Iay:xGef;awmfrlvmí u&meDum;wkdif
xufü taocHjcif;ESihftwl bk&m;ocifESihfvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\
y#dnmOfw&m;ESihfqkdifaom &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif; tpdrf;
oufoufjzpfcJhMuonfh wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf bk&m;ocifhEkdifiHawmf\
wpfpdwfwpfykdif; jzpfvmEkdifcJhMuonf/ ,k'trsKd;ESihfwpfyg;trsKd;wkdYukd
cGJjcm;xm;onfh vlrIa&;eH&H? 0dnmOfa&;eH&HESihf y#dnmOfw&m;eH&HwkdYukd
ocifc&pfawmf\taocHjcif;u csKd;zsufcJhygonf (i,f 14)/ ,k'trsKd;
ESihfwyg;trsKd;wkdY\tjypf'kp½kduftay:ü xm;&Sdaombk&m;ocif\
trsufawmfukd ocifc&pfawmf\taoG;awmfu ajyaysmufapcJhonf/
u&meDum;wkdifxufü ocifa,½IjyKvkyfoGm;cJhaom trIawmfu
y#dnmOfw&m;topfwpfckukd pwifcJhonf/ þy#dnmOfw&m;atmufwGif
ocifc&pfawmfukd ,kHMunfaomvlwkdif;onf tqifhtwef;twlwljzpf
Muonf/ 0dnmOfa&;t&ajym&vQif? ocifc&pfawmfukd ,kHMunfaom
olwpfa,mufa,mufonf ,k'trsKd;r[kwfawmhouJhokdY wyg;trsKd;
vnf;r[kwfawmhyg/ c&pf,mefwpfa,mufomjzpfonf/ vlwpfa,muf
onfy#dnmOfw&m;ESihfqkdifaom aumif;BuD;r*Fvm\ wpfpdwfwpfykdif;
jzpfvmzkdY ,kk'vlrsKd;wpfa,muftjzpfESihf arG;zGm;vmzdkY rvkdtyfawmhyg/
vlwpfa,mufonf bk&m;ocif\vufcHtodtrSwfjyKjcif;ukd cH&zkdY
ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; trSwftom;ukdvnf; &Sdxm;zkdYrvkdawmhyg/ vlwpf
a,mufonf tjypfvTwfjcif;cH&aMumif;ukd yHkaqmif&efEGm;ESihfqdwf
wkdY\aoG;udkAdrmefawmfü oGm;a&mufylaZmfzkdY rvkdawmhyg/ ocifa,½Iu
rdrdtaocHjcif;jzihf vrf;wpfckukd pDpOfay;oem;cJhygonf/ bmoma&;
(okdY) ,Ofaus;rIaemufcHtaMumif;ukd y"merxm;bJ rnfolrqkd xkdvrf;
tm;jzihf ukd,fawmfxHwkduf½kdufvma&mufEkdifNyD;? 4if;wkdY\tjypf'kp½kduf
rsm;ukd cGihfvTwfjcif;cH,lEkdifonf/ ocifc&pfawmf\ taocHjcif;u ,k'
trsKd;ESihfwyg;trsKd;wkdYMum;&Sd a&S;ya0PoDu&SdcJhaom vlwef;pm;cGJjcm;
jcif;ukd zsufodrf;cJhonf/
&Sifaygvk\tqkdt&? ,k'trsKd;ESihfwyg;trsKd;wkdYukd wpfpkwnf;
jzpfapzkdYtvkdYiSg ocifa,½ItaocHcJhjcif;jzpfonf (i,f 15-16)/ ocif
c&pfawmfonf bk&m;ocifESihftvGeftvSrf;a0;cJhMuaom wyg;trsKd;
rsm;xHü Nidrf;csrf;jcif;w&m;ukdvma&mufazmfjya[majymcJhonf/ ukd,f
awmfonf tvm;wlw&m;a'oemukd rdrd\a&G;aumufcHom;orD;
wuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm172 173
rsm;jzpfMuaom ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;xHüvnf; a[mMum;cJhygonf/ ocifc&pf
awmfü ,k'trsKd;ESihfwyg;trsKd;wkdYMum; cGJjcm;rIr&Sdawmhyg/ uREkfyfwkdY
tm;vkH;onf bk&m;ocifESihf Nidrf;csrf;cspfMunfrIukdvnf;aumif;? rsuf
arSmufawmfü xm0&&Sifoef&rnf[laom arQmfvifhcsufukdvnf;aumif;
odEkdifMuonf/ ocifc&pfawmf taocHjcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;
ocifxHwkd;0ifcGihfukd ,ck&Sdxm;Muygonf (i,f 18)/ wpfcsdefwcgu
bk&m;ocif\ y#dnmOfw&m;ESihf tpdrf;oufoufjzpfcJhMuaom (wuRef;
wEkdifiHom;jzpfcJhMuaom) wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf ,ckwGifocifc&pfawmf
tm;,kHMunfjcif;jzihf bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfü ,k'trsKd;wkdYESihftwl
wef;wlwkd;0ifcGihf? vkyfykdifcGihf? wef;wltcGihfxl;wkdYukd &Sdxm;Muonf/
toif;awmfonf vlYtvTmrsKd;pkHESihf vlrsKd;toD;oD;rS,kHMunf
olrsm;jzifhzGJUpnf;xm;Muonf (i,f 19)/ toif;awmfukd trsKd;rsKd;aom
toif;awmf *kdPf;*Prsm;rS vlrsm;jzifhzGJUpnf;xm;onf/ ocifa,½I
onf rdrd\vlwkdYjzihfzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufxm;aom þtaqmuftOD;BuD;\
wkdufaxmifhtjrpfausmufjzpfonf (i,f 20? 1ay 2;5-6)/ ya&mzuf
rsm;ESihf wrefrsm;u ocifc&pfawmfESihf ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJh
aomtrIawmftay:ü wkdufjrpf (tajccHtkwfjrpf) ukdwnfaqmufxm;
Muonf/ þtaqmuftOD;BuD;onf 4if;\ueOD;tpjyKrIrsm;rS wjznf;
jznf;csif;x<ujrifhwufvmcJhygonf/ toif;awmfonf uREkfyfwkdY\
acwfumvwGif txifBuD;avmufaom zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufrIwpfck
jzpfvmcJhygonf/ þtaqmuftOD;BuD;xJwGif ESpfjcif;rsm;? yifawukawå
rsm;? y&ufbufaw;&D;,mefrsm;ESihf tjcm;toif;awmfrS ,kHMunfol
rsm;&SdMuonf/ þtaqmuftOD;BuD;xJwGif csrf;omaomolrsm;ESihf r&Sd
qif;&Jom;rsm;twGuf ae&m&Sdonf/ tmz&duwkdufom;rsm;? tdE´d,
EkdifiHom;rsm;? uae'gEkdifiHom;rsm;u rdrdwkdY\rwluGJjym;aom teHY
t&omrsm;ukd aygif;xnfhMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\þtHhzG,f
taqmuftOD;ü vlom;wnf;[laom ausmufwkH;rsm;ukd aeYpOfaygif;
xnfhvQuf&Sdonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;xHü ajymjycJhaomþ
taqmuftOD;onf teEÅbkef;wefckd;ESihfjynfhpkHaom bk&m;ocifudef;0yf
pHy,f&mae&mjzpfvmcJhonf (i,f 22)/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf rdrd\vlrsKd;wkdYESihftwludef;0yfpHy,fawmfrl
onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\&efolpmwefonf bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifaeaom
t&mrsm;ukd zsufqD;zkdYBudK;pm;aecJhygonf/ vlwkdif;ESihfoufqkdifaom
þtoif;awmfonf pmwefukd wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;apygonf/ þtoif;
awmfonf pmwefuqefYusifwkdufckdufaecJhaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd ukd,fpm;
jyKxm;onf/ þ,kHMunfoltpktzGJUtm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonf vlwkdYukd
pmwef\cHwGif;0rSvnf;aumif;? pmwef\arSmifrkdufEkdifiHrSvnf;aumif;
u,fq,faeygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf a>rqkd;ukdtay:eif;avQmufoGm;
&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? rdrdtvif;awmfESihf,SOfaom EkdifiHawmfukd csJUxGif
&eftwGufvnf;aumif; rdrd\vlwkdYukdvkyfykdifcGihf tpGrf;tprsm;ay;aeyg
onf/ þtoif;awmftm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\emrawmfxHü
bkef;BuD;jcif;ESihf *kPfBuD;jcif;ukd aqmif,lvmMurnfh vlrsKd;wpfckukd
wnfaqmufaeygonf/
wuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm172 173
rsm;jzpfMuaom ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;xHüvnf; a[mMum;cJhygonf/ ocifc&pf
awmfü ,k'trsKd;ESihfwyg;trsKd;wkdYMum; cGJjcm;rIr&Sdawmhyg/ uREkfyfwkdY
tm;vkH;onf bk&m;ocifESihf Nidrf;csrf;cspfMunfrIukdvnf;aumif;? rsuf
arSmufawmfü xm0&&Sifoef&rnf[laom arQmfvifhcsufukdvnf;aumif;
odEkdifMuonf/ ocifc&pfawmf taocHjcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;
ocifxHwkd;0ifcGihfukd ,ck&Sdxm;Muygonf (i,f 18)/ wpfcsdefwcgu
bk&m;ocif\ y#dnmOfw&m;ESihf tpdrf;oufoufjzpfcJhMuaom (wuRef;
wEkdifiHom;jzpfcJhMuaom) wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf ,ckwGifocifc&pfawmf
tm;,kHMunfjcif;jzihf bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfü ,k'trsKd;wkdYESihftwl
wef;wlwkd;0ifcGihf? vkyfykdifcGihf? wef;wltcGihfxl;wkdYukd &Sdxm;Muonf/
toif;awmfonf vlYtvTmrsKd;pkHESihf vlrsKd;toD;oD;rS,kHMunf
olrsm;jzifhzGJUpnf;xm;Muonf (i,f 19)/ toif;awmfukd trsKd;rsKd;aom
toif;awmf *kdPf;*Prsm;rS vlrsm;jzifhzGJUpnf;xm;onf/ ocifa,½I
onf rdrd\vlwkdYjzihfzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufxm;aom þtaqmuftOD;BuD;\
wkdufaxmifhtjrpfausmufjzpfonf (i,f 20? 1ay 2;5-6)/ ya&mzuf
rsm;ESihf wrefrsm;u ocifc&pfawmfESihf ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJh
aomtrIawmftay:ü wkdufjrpf (tajccHtkwfjrpf) ukdwnfaqmufxm;
Muonf/ þtaqmuftOD;BuD;onf 4if;\ueOD;tpjyKrIrsm;rS wjznf;
jznf;csif;x<ujrifhwufvmcJhygonf/ toif;awmfonf uREkfyfwkdY\
acwfumvwGif txifBuD;avmufaom zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufrIwpfck
jzpfvmcJhygonf/ þtaqmuftOD;BuD;xJwGif ESpfjcif;rsm;? yifawukawå
rsm;? y&ufbufaw;&D;,mefrsm;ESihf tjcm;toif;awmfrS ,kHMunfol
rsm;&SdMuonf/ þtaqmuftOD;BuD;xJwGif csrf;omaomolrsm;ESihf r&Sd
qif;&Jom;rsm;twGuf ae&m&Sdonf/ tmz&duwkdufom;rsm;? tdE´d,
EkdifiHom;rsm;? uae'gEkdifiHom;rsm;u rdrdwkdY\rwluGJjym;aom teHY
t&omrsm;ukd aygif;xnfhMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\þtHhzG,f
taqmuftOD;ü vlom;wnf;[laom ausmufwkH;rsm;ukd aeYpOfaygif;
xnfhvQuf&Sdonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;xHü ajymjycJhaomþ
taqmuftOD;onf teEÅbkef;wefckd;ESihfjynfhpkHaom bk&m;ocifudef;0yf
pHy,f&mae&mjzpfvmcJhonf (i,f 22)/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf rdrd\vlrsKd;wkdYESihftwludef;0yfpHy,fawmfrl
onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\&efolpmwefonf bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifaeaom
t&mrsm;ukd zsufqD;zkdYBudK;pm;aecJhygonf/ vlwkdif;ESihfoufqkdifaom
þtoif;awmfonf pmwefukd wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;apygonf/ þtoif;
awmfonf pmwefuqefYusifwkdufckdufaecJhaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd ukd,fpm;
jyKxm;onf/ þ,kHMunfoltpktzGJUtm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonf vlwkdYukd
pmwef\cHwGif;0rSvnf;aumif;? pmwef\arSmifrkdufEkdifiHrSvnf;aumif;
u,fq,faeygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf a>rqkd;ukdtay:eif;avQmufoGm;
&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? rdrdtvif;awmfESihf,SOfaom EkdifiHawmfukd csJUxGif
&eftwGufvnf;aumif; rdrd\vlwkdYukdvkyfykdifcGihf tpGrf;tprsm;ay;aeyg
onf/ þtoif;awmftm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\emrawmfxHü
bkef;BuD;jcif;ESihf *kPfBuD;jcif;ukd aqmif,lvmMurnfh vlrsKd;wpfckukd
wnfaqmufaeygonf/
wuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm174 175
pmwefonf uREkfyfwkdYukdpdwf0rf;uGJap&eftwGufvnf;aumif;?
uREkfyfwkdYvkdovkdtokH;jyKzkdY tqifhoifh&Sdaeaombk&m;ocihfwefckd;awmf\
ppfrSefrIukd rjrifEkdifatmif tvif;uG,fxm;&eftwGufvnf;aumif;
BudK;pm;tm;xkwf&mü tpGrf;ukefpl;pkdufaernfukd uREkfyfwkdYrtHhMooihfyg/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; ocifc&pfawmfwnfaqmufae
aom þvltpktzGJUukd ,k'trsKd;ESihfwyg;trsKd;wkdYjzihf yg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;
ygonf/ olwkdYonf &ifhusufvmíarSmifrkdufEkdifiHukd ocifc&pfawmf\
{0Ha*vdtvif;jzihf xkd;azmufzkdYqkdvQif tcsif;csif;wkdufckdufaeí rjzpfyg/
ocifa,½Ionf rdrd\rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukd wyg;trsKd;ESihf,k'trsKd;wkdY
tm;jzihf avmuDom;rsm;xHü azmfxkwfjyozkdYtvkdYiSg xkdvlESpfpkwkdYMum;ü
Nidrf;csrf;a&;ukdaqmif,lvmzkdY qif;<uvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf ,k'vlrsKd;ESihfwyg;trsKd;jzpfjcif;jyóemü
pdwf0rf;uGJrIr&Sdawmhaomfvnf;? ,aeYacwfocifa,½Ic&pfawmf\
toif;awmfonf toif;awmftkyfcsKyfykH? t,l0g'oGefoifcsuf? tavh
tusihfrsm;ponf trsKd;rsKd;aomtaMumif;t&mrsm;wGif taotcsm
pdwf0rf;uGJvQufaeMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonftcsif;tcsif;tay:ü rMum
cPqkdovkd tjypfjrifa0zefwwfMuonf/ þoabmxm;rsm;onf
bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfukdaESmifhaES;apí bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;
r*Fvmukd uREkfyfwkdYtv,frSz,f&Sm;ypfygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyf
wkdYukd rdrd\0dnmOfawmfudef;0yf&mae&mjzpfvmzdkY wnfaqmufae
aMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYowd&ae&ef tb,frQvkdtyfoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
rSm;,Gif;aom oabmxm;rsm;ESihf aMumif;usKd;rqDavsmfaom cHpm;csuf
jzihf rkef;wD;rIrsm;tm;jzihf þtrIawmfukd aESmifhaES;apaomolrsm; rjzpf
MurnfhtaMumif; qE´jyKygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
þae&mwGif &Sifaygvku ocifa,½IESihfocifa,½I\ vIyf&Sm;
vkyfaqmifrIrygaom uREkfyfwkdYtoufwm\tajctae
taMumif; rnfokdYajymjyxm;ygoenf;/
oifwkdY\a'oEÅ&toif;awmftm; aygif;pyfzGJUpnf;xm;ykHukd
pOf;pm;okH;oyfzkdY tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ oifwkdY\toif;awmf
okdY rnfonfhvlrsKd;EG,frsm;? EkdifiHom;rsm;? vlrsKd;pkrsm;yg0if wuf
a&mufMuygoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumvwGif c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü rnf
onfhpdwf0rf;uGJrIrsKd;&Sdaeygoenf;/ þusrf;csufrS uREkfyf wkdYukd
pdefac:xm;aomt&mrSm tb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifu vlYtvTmtoD;oD;? tjriftoD;oD;rS vlwkdYukd
rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfudef;0yf&mae&mjzpfvmzkdY twl
wuG&ifMum;aph aqmif,lvmykHtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfrS tjcm;toif;0ifrsm;tay:ü
xm;&Sdaom oihf&JUrSm;,Gif;aom oabmxm;rsm;ESihf aMumif;usKd;
rqDavsmfaomcHpm;csufjzihf rkef;wD;rIrsm;twGuf cGihfvTwfay;&ef
wuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm174 175
pmwefonf uREkfyfwkdYukdpdwf0rf;uGJap&eftwGufvnf;aumif;?
uREkfyfwkdYvkdovkdtokH;jyKzkdY tqifhoifh&Sdaeaombk&m;ocihfwefckd;awmf\
ppfrSefrIukd rjrifEkdifatmif tvif;uG,fxm;&eftwGufvnf;aumif;
BudK;pm;tm;xkwf&mü tpGrf;ukefpl;pkdufaernfukd uREkfyfwkdYrtHhMooihfyg/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; ocifc&pfawmfwnfaqmufae
aom þvltpktzGJUukd ,k'trsKd;ESihfwyg;trsKd;wkdYjzihf yg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;
ygonf/ olwkdYonf &ifhusufvmíarSmifrkdufEkdifiHukd ocifc&pfawmf\
{0Ha*vdtvif;jzihf xkd;azmufzkdYqkdvQif tcsif;csif;wkdufckdufaeí rjzpfyg/
ocifa,½Ionf rdrd\rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukd wyg;trsKd;ESihf,k'trsKd;wkdY
tm;jzihf avmuDom;rsm;xHü azmfxkwfjyozkdYtvkdYiSg xkdvlESpfpkwkdYMum;ü
Nidrf;csrf;a&;ukdaqmif,lvmzkdY qif;<uvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf ,k'vlrsKd;ESihfwyg;trsKd;jzpfjcif;jyóemü
pdwf0rf;uGJrIr&Sdawmhaomfvnf;? ,aeYacwfocifa,½Ic&pfawmf\
toif;awmfonf toif;awmftkyfcsKyfykH? t,l0g'oGefoifcsuf? tavh
tusihfrsm;ponf trsKd;rsKd;aomtaMumif;t&mrsm;wGif taotcsm
pdwf0rf;uGJvQufaeMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonftcsif;tcsif;tay:ü rMum
cPqkdovkd tjypfjrifa0zefwwfMuonf/ þoabmxm;rsm;onf
bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfukdaESmifhaES;apí bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;
r*Fvmukd uREkfyfwkdYtv,frSz,f&Sm;ypfygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyf
wkdYukd rdrd\0dnmOfawmfudef;0yf&mae&mjzpfvmzdkY wnfaqmufae
aMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYowd&ae&ef tb,frQvkdtyfoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
rSm;,Gif;aom oabmxm;rsm;ESihf aMumif;usKd;rqDavsmfaom cHpm;csuf
jzihf rkef;wD;rIrsm;tm;jzihf þtrIawmfukd aESmifhaES;apaomolrsm; rjzpf
MurnfhtaMumif; qE´jyKygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
þae&mwGif &Sifaygvku ocifa,½IESihfocifa,½I\ vIyf&Sm;
vkyfaqmifrIrygaom uREkfyfwkdYtoufwm\tajctae
taMumif; rnfokdYajymjyxm;ygoenf;/
oifwkdY\a'oEÅ&toif;awmftm; aygif;pyfzGJUpnf;xm;ykHukd
pOf;pm;okH;oyfzkdY tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ oifwkdY\toif;awmf
okdY rnfonfhvlrsKd;EG,frsm;? EkdifiHom;rsm;? vlrsKd;pkrsm;yg0if wuf
a&mufMuygoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumvwGif c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü rnf
onfhpdwf0rf;uGJrIrsKd;&Sdaeygoenf;/ þusrf;csufrS uREkfyf wkdYukd
pdefac:xm;aomt&mrSm tb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifu vlYtvTmtoD;oD;? tjriftoD;oD;rS vlwkdYukd
rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfudef;0yf&mae&mjzpfvmzkdY twl
wuG&ifMum;aph aqmif,lvmykHtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfrS tjcm;toif;0ifrsm;tay:ü
xm;&Sdaom oihf&JUrSm;,Gif;aom oabmxm;rsm;ESihf aMumif;usKd;
rqDavsmfaomcHpm;csufjzihf rkef;wD;rIrsm;twGuf cGihfvTwfay;&ef
wuRef;wEkdifiHom;r[kwf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
1616
1616
16
&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf
&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf
&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf
{zuf 3;1-13 ukdzwf½Iyg/
aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;wGif wrefawmfaygvku {zuf
toif;om;rsmtm; 4if;wkdYonf ,k'vlrsKd;ESihfwyg;trsKd;wkdYjzihf aygif;pyf
zGJUpnf;xm;aom c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfopf\ tpdwftykdif;jzpf
cJhMuaMumif;today;cJhonf/ ocifa,½Ionf rdrdtaocHjcif;tm;jzihf
þvlpkESpfpkMum;ü&Sdaeaom t[efYtwm;rsm;ukdcsKd;zsufcJhygonf/
þqufqH&if;ESD;rIopfxJokdY wyg;trsKd;rsm;0ifa&mufvmaMumif;ukd
aocsmapzkdY? ocifa,½Ionf 4if;wkdYukdtcrJhay;oem;xm;onfh u,f
wifjcif;ukd today;a[majymjcif;trIawmftwGuf &Sifaygvkukd qifhac:
cJhonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; rdrdonfwyg;trsKd;rsm;
twGufaMumifh tusOf;cscHcJh&onf[k today;cJhonf/ ocifbk&m;u
olYukdqihfac:í vkyfaqmifapcJhaomtrIawmfonf vG,fulaomt&m
r[kwfcJhyg/ wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHü u,fwifjcif;or®mw&m;ukd xkwfazmf
ajymMum;zkdY&eftwGuf &Sifaygvkkqif;&J'ku©rsm;pGmudk cHcJh&onf (2aum
bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
,aeY&Sd ppfrSefaom,kHMunfolrsm;Mum;ü wnfaqmufxm;onfh
ykdif;jcm;aom eH&HBuD;rsm;ukd NydKzsufay;&efbk&m;ocifukd awmif;
avQmufyg/
176
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
1616
1616
16
&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf
&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf
&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf
{zuf 3;1-13 ukdzwf½Iyg/
aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;wGif wrefawmfaygvku {zuf
toif;om;rsmtm; 4if;wkdYonf ,k'vlrsKd;ESihfwyg;trsKd;wkdYjzihf aygif;pyf
zGJUpnf;xm;aom c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfopf\ tpdwftykdif;jzpf
cJhMuaMumif;today;cJhonf/ ocifa,½Ionf rdrdtaocHjcif;tm;jzihf
þvlpkESpfpkMum;ü&Sdaeaom t[efYtwm;rsm;ukdcsKd;zsufcJhygonf/
þqufqH&if;ESD;rIopfxJokdY wyg;trsKd;rsm;0ifa&mufvmaMumif;ukd
aocsmapzkdY? ocifa,½Ionf 4if;wkdYukdtcrJhay;oem;xm;onfh u,f
wifjcif;ukd today;a[majymjcif;trIawmftwGuf &Sifaygvkukd qifhac:
cJhonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; rdrdonfwyg;trsKd;rsm;
twGufaMumifh tusOf;cscHcJh&onf[k today;cJhonf/ ocifbk&m;u
olYukdqihfac:í vkyfaqmifapcJhaomtrIawmfonf vG,fulaomt&m
r[kwfcJhyg/ wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHü u,fwifjcif;or®mw&m;ukd xkwfazmf
ajymMum;zkdY&eftwGuf &Sifaygvkkqif;&J'ku©rsm;pGmudk cHcJh&onf (2aum
bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
,aeY&Sd ppfrSefaom,kHMunfolrsm;Mum;ü wnfaqmufxm;onfh
ykdif;jcm;aom eH&HBuD;rsm;ukd NydKzsufay;&efbk&m;ocifukd awmif;
avQmufyg/
176
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
178
11;24-28)/ &Sifaygvkonf rdrd\omoemjyKc&D;pOfrsm;wGif ½kdufESufí
cJjzihfaygufjcif;wkdYukd cHcJh&onf/ &Sifaygvkonf rdrdtEkdif,lzkdY &SmBuHae
aomolrsm;\ qJa&;apmfum;jcif;? usdefqJjcif;wkdYukd cHcJh&onf/ þt&m
xufykdíqkd;aomt&mrSm wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHü rdrdw&m;a[majymjcif;
twGuf ,k'tokdif;t0kdif;\ wkefYjyefykHjzpfonf/ þpmukda&;om;cJhcsdef
wGif wrefawmfBuD;onf wyg;trsKd;tokdif;t0kdif;xHü w&m;a[majym
cJhjcif;twGuf tusOf;axmifü&SdaecJhygonf/ olonfa&mrtmPmykdif
rsm;\zrf;csKyfjcif;ukdcHxm;&aomfvnf; rdrdukd,fukdocifa,½I\tusOf;
om;tjzpf &SifaygvkrSwf,lcJhonf (i,f 1)/ rdrd\toufwm&Sdcyfodrf;
aomt&mwkdYukd rdrd\ocifut<uif;rJhxdef;csKyfxm;aMumif; &Sifaygvk
odem;vnfcJhonf/
&Sifaygvkonf orkdif;\þtcsdefumvü bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;
awmfukd avmuDom;rsm;tm; wkdufauR;&ef[laom ½lyg½kHESihf pl;pkdufrI
twGuf bk&m;ocif\qifhac:jcif;ukd cHcJh&onf (i,f 2)/ &Sifaygvku
{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; rdrdonfbk&m;ocifxHrS wkduf½kdufa&muf&Sd
vmaom Asm'dwfawmftm;jzihf ]]eufeJaomt&m}} ukd em;vnfoabm
aygufcJhaMumif;ajymjycJhonf (i,f 3)/ tcef;i,f 3 ESihf 4wGifawGU&onfh
]]eufeJaomt&m}} [laompum;vkH;onf "r®a[mif;acwfumvü uG,f
0SufvQuf&SdcJhaomfvnf; "r®opfumvwGif wrefawmfrsm;ESihf ya&mzuf
rsm;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocif\vlrsKd;rsm;xHü azmfxkwfjyocJhonfh or®mw&m;
ukd&nfñTef;onf/ þeufeJaomt&mukd &Sifaygvkutcef;i,f 6 wGif
{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; &Sif;jyay;cJhonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;
xm;aom cE¨mopfwpfckwGif wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf ,k'trsKd;wkdYESihf twl
wuG ocifc&pfawmftm; ,kHMunfjcif;wpfyg;wnf;tm;jzihf xm0&
toufwnf;[laom uwdawmfütarGqufcHolrsm;jzpfvmcJhMuygvdrhf
rnf/ wpfvkH;wpf0wnf;aygif;pnf;xm;aom toif;awmfwpfyg;ü vlrsKd;
a&;? vlrIa&;ESihf0dnmOfa&;twef;tpm; cGJjcm;jcif;rsm; &SdcJhvdrfhrnf
r[kwfyg/ þw&m;a'oemonf wrefawmf&Sifaygvk\ pdwfESvkH;xJü
eufeufeJeJavmifuRrf;aecJhNyD;? xkdw&m;a'oemukd xkwfazmfajymMuzkdY
tvkdUiSg tBuD;tus,f emusifcHpm;aecJh&ygonf/ &Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´
rSm wyg;trsKd;wkdYu ocifa,½Iukd oduRrf;vmMuonfukdom awGUjrif&zkdY
r[kwf? 4if;wkdYukdvnf; ,k',kHMunfolrsm;ESihftwl c&pfawmf\omí
BuD;rm;aom ukd,fcE¨mawmfüjynfhjynfh00jzihf wef;wlnDwlxnfhoGif;
aygif;pnf;&efjzpfonf/ wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf u,fwifjcif;ukd&&SdzkdY arma&S
\ynwfw&m;tm; emcHvkdufavQmufzkdY vkdtyfonf[k oGefoifay;aom
olwkdYukd twkduftcHjyKí &Sifaygvkonfwyg;trsKd;wkdYukd tNrJckcHumuG,f
ay;cJhygonf/
wyg;trsKd;wkdYonfvnf; bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;jzpfvmcJh
Muvdrfhrnf[k oG,f0kdufí&nfñTef;ajymqkdxm;aom tem*wådusrf;csuf
rsm;"r®a[mif;usrf;wGif tajrmuftjrm;yg&Sdaomfvnf;? þtcsufukd
,k'vlrsm;u rnfonfhtcgurQ&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;oabmraygufcJhMuyg
(urÇmOD; 12;3? a[&Sm, 49;6 ukdMunfhyg)/ ,k'vlrsKd;tajrmuf
trsm;u wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfESihf ,SOfaom
aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd rQa0cHpm;zdkYqkdvkdvQif ,k',kHMunfjcif;okdY yxr
&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf 179
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
178
11;24-28)/ &Sifaygvkonf rdrd\omoemjyKc&D;pOfrsm;wGif ½kdufESufí
cJjzihfaygufjcif;wkdYukd cHcJh&onf/ &Sifaygvkonf rdrdtEkdif,lzkdY &SmBuHae
aomolrsm;\ qJa&;apmfum;jcif;? usdefqJjcif;wkdYukd cHcJh&onf/ þt&m
xufykdíqkd;aomt&mrSm wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHü rdrdw&m;a[majymjcif;
twGuf ,k'tokdif;t0kdif;\ wkefYjyefykHjzpfonf/ þpmukda&;om;cJhcsdef
wGif wrefawmfBuD;onf wyg;trsKd;tokdif;t0kdif;xHü w&m;a[majym
cJhjcif;twGuf tusOf;axmifü&SdaecJhygonf/ olonfa&mrtmPmykdif
rsm;\zrf;csKyfjcif;ukdcHxm;&aomfvnf; rdrdukd,fukdocifa,½I\tusOf;
om;tjzpf &SifaygvkrSwf,lcJhonf (i,f 1)/ rdrd\toufwm&Sdcyfodrf;
aomt&mwkdYukd rdrd\ocifut<uif;rJhxdef;csKyfxm;aMumif; &Sifaygvk
odem;vnfcJhonf/
&Sifaygvkonf orkdif;\þtcsdefumvü bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;
awmfukd avmuDom;rsm;tm; wkdufauR;&ef[laom ½lyg½kHESihf pl;pkdufrI
twGuf bk&m;ocif\qifhac:jcif;ukd cHcJh&onf (i,f 2)/ &Sifaygvku
{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; rdrdonfbk&m;ocifxHrS wkduf½kdufa&muf&Sd
vmaom Asm'dwfawmftm;jzihf ]]eufeJaomt&m}} ukd em;vnfoabm
aygufcJhaMumif;ajymjycJhonf (i,f 3)/ tcef;i,f 3 ESihf 4wGifawGU&onfh
]]eufeJaomt&m}} [laompum;vkH;onf "r®a[mif;acwfumvü uG,f
0SufvQuf&SdcJhaomfvnf; "r®opfumvwGif wrefawmfrsm;ESihf ya&mzuf
rsm;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocif\vlrsKd;rsm;xHü azmfxkwfjyocJhonfh or®mw&m;
ukd&nfñTef;onf/ þeufeJaomt&mukd &Sifaygvkutcef;i,f 6 wGif
{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; &Sif;jyay;cJhonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;
xm;aom cE¨mopfwpfckwGif wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf ,k'trsKd;wkdYESihf twl
wuG ocifc&pfawmftm; ,kHMunfjcif;wpfyg;wnf;tm;jzihf xm0&
toufwnf;[laom uwdawmfütarGqufcHolrsm;jzpfvmcJhMuygvdrhf
rnf/ wpfvkH;wpf0wnf;aygif;pnf;xm;aom toif;awmfwpfyg;ü vlrsKd;
a&;? vlrIa&;ESihf0dnmOfa&;twef;tpm; cGJjcm;jcif;rsm; &SdcJhvdrfhrnf
r[kwfyg/ þw&m;a'oemonf wrefawmf&Sifaygvk\ pdwfESvkH;xJü
eufeufeJeJavmifuRrf;aecJhNyD;? xkdw&m;a'oemukd xkwfazmfajymMuzkdY
tvkdUiSg tBuD;tus,f emusifcHpm;aecJh&ygonf/ &Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´
rSm wyg;trsKd;wkdYu ocifa,½Iukd oduRrf;vmMuonfukdom awGUjrif&zkdY
r[kwf? 4if;wkdYukdvnf; ,k',kHMunfolrsm;ESihftwl c&pfawmf\omí
BuD;rm;aom ukd,fcE¨mawmfüjynfhjynfh00jzihf wef;wlnDwlxnfhoGif;
aygif;pnf;&efjzpfonf/ wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf u,fwifjcif;ukd&&SdzkdY arma&S
\ynwfw&m;tm; emcHvkdufavQmufzkdY vkdtyfonf[k oGefoifay;aom
olwkdYukd twkduftcHjyKí &Sifaygvkonfwyg;trsKd;wkdYukd tNrJckcHumuG,f
ay;cJhygonf/
wyg;trsKd;wkdYonfvnf; bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;jzpfvmcJh
Muvdrfhrnf[k oG,f0kdufí&nfñTef;ajymqkdxm;aom tem*wådusrf;csuf
rsm;"r®a[mif;usrf;wGif tajrmuftjrm;yg&Sdaomfvnf;? þtcsufukd
,k'vlrsm;u rnfonfhtcgurQ&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;oabmraygufcJhMuyg
(urÇmOD; 12;3? a[&Sm, 49;6 ukdMunfhyg)/ ,k'vlrsKd;tajrmuf
trsm;u wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfESihf ,SOfaom
aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd rQa0cHpm;zdkYqkdvkdvQif ,k',kHMunfjcif;okdY yxr
&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf 179
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm180 181
OD;pGmul;ajymif;MuzkdY vkdtyfcJhvdrfhrnf[k ,kHMunfcJhMuonf/ wyg;trsKd;
wkdYonf arma&S\ynwfw&m;ukd usifhBuHjcif;r&SdbJ? rdrdwkdYESihftwl tarG
cHcsif;rsm;jzpfvmEkdifMuygonf[laomtcsufonf ,k'vlrsdK;wkdY\pdwfukd
rxkd;azmufEkdifcJhyg/ ocifa,½Iaojcif;rS &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif; rwkdif
ciftxd þtem*wådusrf;csufrsm;ukd tjynfht0em;vnf oabmayguf
jcif;r&SdcJhMuyg/ wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHoGm;a&mufzkdY ocifbk&m;\vrf;jyOD;
aqmifjcif;ukdcH&olrsm;rSm wrefawmfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ þt&mESihfpyf
vsOf;í t"duusaomyxrqkH;ukd;um;csufrSm aumaevdxHokdYoGm;
a&muf&rnf[laom½lyg½kHukd &Sifayw½kvufcH&&Sdcsdefujzpfonf/ wref
awmf 10 &Sdþ½lyg½kHwGif ocifbk&m;u&Sifayw½ktm; wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf
ynwfw&m;rygbJ ocifc&pfawmfü ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;ESihftwl tarGqufcH
olrsm;jzpfMuonf[k ajymcJhygonf/ &Sifayw½konf wyg;trsKd;wkdYESihf
,k'trsKd;wkdYtay:ü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf tnDtrQqif;ouf
cJhaMumif;ukd yifawukawåaeYü awGY&SdcJh&NyD;jzpfonf (wrefawmf 2;11?
38-39)/
&Sifayw½konf wyg;trsKd;wkdY\ u,fwifjcif;ESihf qufpyfae
aombk&m;ocif\½lyg½kHukd&&dScJhaomfvnf; þw&m;a'oemukd urÇmh
tpGeftzsm;xdwkdif o,faqmifoGm;cJhrnfholrSm &SifaygvkjzpfcJhonf/
&Sifaygvkonf rdrd\acwfumvü wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf c&pfawmf\
ukd,fcE¨mawmfü weff;wltoif;0ifrsm;tjzpf vufcHtodtrSwfjyKcH&
onfukd jrifawGU&zkdY bk&m;ocif\ tokH;awmfcHwefqmjzpfcJhygvdrfhrnf/
&Sifaygvku ocifbk&m;onf Asm'dwfawmftm;jzihf þtHhzG,for®mw&m;
ukd rdrdxHütppftrSefjzpfapcJhaMumif; tcef;i,f 3wGif az:jycJhonf/
&Sifaygvkonf þAsm'dwfawmfukd bk&m;ocifxHrS rnfonfhtcsdefü &&SdcJh
onfukd uREkfyfwkdYtwdtusrod&aomfvnf; þAsm'dwfawmfonf
&SifaygvktwGuf toufwmukdajymif;vJapcJhaom Asm'dwfawmfjzpfcJh
onf/ &Sifaygvkom zm&d&SJwpfa,mufjzpfí arma&S\ynwfw&m;ukd
wif;wif;MuyfMuyf vkdufemapmifhxdef;cJhaomolwpfa,mufjzpfcJhaMumif;
ukdowd&yg/ toufwmajymif;vJjcif;rwkdifrDtcsdefwGif? &Sifaygvku
wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf u,fwifjcif;ESihfxkdufwefrI r&Sd[laomxkdacwfumv
&Sd,k'vlrsKd;wkdY ,kHMunfxm;aomt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd ,kHMunfpGJukdifcJhyg
vdrfhrnf/ þuJhokdYaom tajctaewGif bk&m;ocifxHrS wkduf½dkufa&muf
vmaom Asm'dwfawmfrSwpfyg; &Sifaygvk\pdwfukd rnfonfht&murQ
ajymif;vJapEkdifcJhrnfr[kwfyg/ þAsm'dwfawmfonf &SifaygvkxHrnfokdY
a&muf&SdcJhonfukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;ajymjyrxm;aomfvnf; þw&m;a'oem
awmfukd a[majymysHUESHYap&ef rdrd\toufukdyif vkdvkdvm;vm;pGefYvTwf
vkdcJhonfhwkdif c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmf&Sd wyg;trsKd;wkdY\ ae&mu@ukd
&SifaygvktvGeftckdiftrm ,kHMunfvmcJhaMumif;ukdrl uREkfyfwkdYod&onf/
&Sifaygvku rdrdonfocifa,½Ic&pfawmf\tapcHwpfyg;jzpf
zkdYrxkdufwefaMumif; odaecJhonf (i,f 8 ukdMunfhyg)/ olonftoif;
awmfukd ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmn§if;yef;ESdyfpufcJhonf/ þuJhokdY tvGefqkd;0g;
aomaemufcHorkdif; &SifaygvkwGif&Sdaevifhupm; þtrIawmfukdjyKvkyfzkdY
ocifbk&m;u olYukdqifhac:cJhygonf/ þqifhac:jcif;ESihftwl bk&m;
ocifhwefckd;awmf\ vkyfaqmifrItm;jzifh pGrf;&nfqkvufaqmifay;jcif;
&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm180 181
OD;pGmul;ajymif;MuzkdY vkdtyfcJhvdrfhrnf[k ,kHMunfcJhMuonf/ wyg;trsKd;
wkdYonf arma&S\ynwfw&m;ukd usifhBuHjcif;r&SdbJ? rdrdwkdYESihftwl tarG
cHcsif;rsm;jzpfvmEkdifMuygonf[laomtcsufonf ,k'vlrsdK;wkdY\pdwfukd
rxkd;azmufEkdifcJhyg/ ocifa,½Iaojcif;rS &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif; rwkdif
ciftxd þtem*wådusrf;csufrsm;ukd tjynfht0em;vnf oabmayguf
jcif;r&SdcJhMuyg/ wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHoGm;a&mufzkdY ocifbk&m;\vrf;jyOD;
aqmifjcif;ukdcH&olrsm;rSm wrefawmfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ þt&mESihfpyf
vsOf;í t"duusaomyxrqkH;ukd;um;csufrSm aumaevdxHokdYoGm;
a&muf&rnf[laom½lyg½kHukd &Sifayw½kvufcH&&Sdcsdefujzpfonf/ wref
awmf 10 &Sdþ½lyg½kHwGif ocifbk&m;u&Sifayw½ktm; wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf
ynwfw&m;rygbJ ocifc&pfawmfü ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;ESihftwl tarGqufcH
olrsm;jzpfMuonf[k ajymcJhygonf/ &Sifayw½konf wyg;trsKd;wkdYESihf
,k'trsKd;wkdYtay:ü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf tnDtrQqif;ouf
cJhaMumif;ukd yifawukawåaeYü awGY&SdcJh&NyD;jzpfonf (wrefawmf 2;11?
38-39)/
&Sifayw½konf wyg;trsKd;wkdY\ u,fwifjcif;ESihf qufpyfae
aombk&m;ocif\½lyg½kHukd&&dScJhaomfvnf; þw&m;a'oemukd urÇmh
tpGeftzsm;xdwkdif o,faqmifoGm;cJhrnfholrSm &SifaygvkjzpfcJhonf/
&Sifaygvkonf rdrd\acwfumvü wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf c&pfawmf\
ukd,fcE¨mawmfü weff;wltoif;0ifrsm;tjzpf vufcHtodtrSwfjyKcH&
onfukd jrifawGU&zkdY bk&m;ocif\ tokH;awmfcHwefqmjzpfcJhygvdrfhrnf/
&Sifaygvku ocifbk&m;onf Asm'dwfawmftm;jzihf þtHhzG,for®mw&m;
ukd rdrdxHütppftrSefjzpfapcJhaMumif; tcef;i,f 3wGif az:jycJhonf/
&Sifaygvkonf þAsm'dwfawmfukd bk&m;ocifxHrS rnfonfhtcsdefü &&SdcJh
onfukd uREkfyfwkdYtwdtusrod&aomfvnf; þAsm'dwfawmfonf
&SifaygvktwGuf toufwmukdajymif;vJapcJhaom Asm'dwfawmfjzpfcJh
onf/ &Sifaygvkom zm&d&SJwpfa,mufjzpfí arma&S\ynwfw&m;ukd
wif;wif;MuyfMuyf vkdufemapmifhxdef;cJhaomolwpfa,mufjzpfcJhaMumif;
ukdowd&yg/ toufwmajymif;vJjcif;rwkdifrDtcsdefwGif? &Sifaygvku
wyg;trsKd;wkdYonf u,fwifjcif;ESihfxkdufwefrI r&Sd[laomxkdacwfumv
&Sd,k'vlrsKd;wkdY ,kHMunfxm;aomt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd ,kHMunfpGJukdifcJhyg
vdrfhrnf/ þuJhokdYaom tajctaewGif bk&m;ocifxHrS wkduf½dkufa&muf
vmaom Asm'dwfawmfrSwpfyg; &Sifaygvk\pdwfukd rnfonfht&murQ
ajymif;vJapEkdifcJhrnfr[kwfyg/ þAsm'dwfawmfonf &SifaygvkxHrnfokdY
a&muf&SdcJhonfukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;ajymjyrxm;aomfvnf; þw&m;a'oem
awmfukd a[majymysHUESHYap&ef rdrd\toufukdyif vkdvkdvm;vm;pGefYvTwf
vkdcJhonfhwkdif c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmf&Sd wyg;trsKd;wkdY\ ae&mu@ukd
&SifaygvktvGeftckdiftrm ,kHMunfvmcJhaMumif;ukdrl uREkfyfwkdYod&onf/
&Sifaygvku rdrdonfocifa,½Ic&pfawmf\tapcHwpfyg;jzpf
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aomaemufcHorkdif; &SifaygvkwGif&Sdaevifhupm; þtrIawmfukdjyKvkyfzkdY
ocifbk&m;u olYukdqifhac:cJhygonf/ þqifhac:jcif;ESihftwl bk&m;
ocifhwefckd;awmf\ vkyfaqmifrItm;jzifh pGrf;&nfqkvufaqmifay;jcif;
&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm182 183
wpfckvnf;ygvmygonf (i,f 7)/
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qkvufaqmifay;jcif;wkdYukd &SifaygvkuJhodkY uREkfyfwkdYBuHKawGUcHpm;&ef
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vnf; uREkfyf\qifhac:jcif;ukd vlYtpGrf;tpESihf vlYÓPfynmjzifhom
vkyfaqmifaecJhonf/ uREkfyfonf qkawmif;jcif;ESihf avhvmqnf;yl;jcif;
wkdYwGif vkYHv0D&d,&SdcJhonf/ uREkfyfonf cufcJaomtcsdefumvrsm;wGif
opöm&SdaecJhNyD;? bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfukdqifhac:í vkyfaqmifaomt&m
jzpfonf[k uREkfyf,kHMunfcJhaomt&mrsm;wGif rqkwfrepfvkHYvxkwfcJh
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aMumif;ukd uREkfyfaumif;aumif;odcJhaomfvnf; rsm;aomtm;jzihf uREkfyf
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ocif\wefckd;awmfxif&Sm;apEkdifzkdY uREkfyfonfxdkvrf;pOfrS xGufoGm;zkdY
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wufa&mufcJhNyD; or®musrf;pmESihfpyfqkdifaom or®mw&m;rsm;ukd od&SdcJh
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a,mufjzpfonf/ okdYaomf &Sifaygvk\ynmonf bk&m;ocifvkdtyf
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&Sifaygvk\tawGUtBuHKvnf;r[kwfcJhyg/ &Sifaygvkonf trIawmf
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rsm;) ukdwufa&mufcJhaomaMumihf trIawmfü xda&mufrI&SdcJhjcif;r[kwfyg/
&SifaygvkvufcH&&SdcJhaom wefckd;tpGrf;tponf 4if;\toufwmü
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onf rvkHavmufyg/ xkdqifhac:jcif;ukd vufawGUaqmif&GufzkdY vkyfykdif
cGihftpGrf;tpay;jcif;ukdvnf; &SifaygvkvkdtyfcJhonf/
&Sifaygvku u,fwifjcif;\ eufeJaomt&mukd ,k'trsKd;? wyg;
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&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm182 183
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qkvufaqmifay;jcif;wkdYukd &SifaygvkuJhodkY uREkfyfwkdYBuHKawGUcHpm;&ef
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wmü bk&m;ocifqihfac:cJhjcif;ukd uREkffyfESpfaygif;rsm;pGm odaecJhygaomf
vnf; uREkfyf\qifhac:jcif;ukd vlYtpGrf;tpESihf vlYÓPfynmjzifhom
vkyfaqmifaecJhonf/ uREkfyfonf qkawmif;jcif;ESihf avhvmqnf;yl;jcif;
wkdYwGif vkYHv0D&d,&SdcJhonf/ uREkfyfonf cufcJaomtcsdefumvrsm;wGif
opöm&SdaecJhNyD;? bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfukdqifhac:í vkyfaqmifaomt&m
jzpfonf[k uREkfyf,kHMunfcJhaomt&mrsm;wGif rqkwfrepfvkHYvxkwfcJh
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toufwmajymif;vJjcif;rsm;ukd rawGUcJh&yg/ uREkfyftm; qifhac:cH&
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ocif\wefckd;awmfxif&Sm;apEkdifzkdY uREkfyfonfxdkvrf;pOfrS xGufoGm;zkdY
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wufa&mufcJhNyD; or®musrf;pmESihfpyfqkdifaom or®mw&m;rsm;ukd od&SdcJh
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\ta&;ygykHukd em;rvnfcJhyg/
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a,mufjzpfonf/ okdYaomf &Sifaygvk\ynmonf bk&m;ocifvkdtyf
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aomwefckd;awmf}} (wefckd;awmfjyKjyifaomtm;jzihf) pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;
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&Sifaygvk\tawGUtBuHKvnf;r[kwfcJhyg/ &Sifaygvkonf trIawmf
vkyfief;rsm;tm; rnfokdYvkyfaqmif&rnfukd oif,lzkdYoifwef;rsm; (nDvmcH
rsm;) ukdwufa&mufcJhaomaMumihf trIawmfü xda&mufrI&SdcJhjcif;r[kwfyg/
&SifaygvkvufcH&&SdcJhaom wefckd;tpGrf;tponf 4if;\toufwmü
tvkyfvkyfaecJhaom bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmftm;jzihfjzpfcJhonf/
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cGihftpGrf;tpay;jcif;ukdvnf; &SifaygvkvkdtyfcJhonf/
&Sifaygvku u,fwifjcif;\ eufeJaomt&mukd ,k'trsKd;? wyg;
trsKd;ESihfvlwkdif;xHü xkwfazmfajymMum;jcif;ukd rdrd\trIawmftjzpf ½Ijrif
cJhonf (i,f 9)/ bk&m;ocifonf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm0Sufxm;aom a&S;ya0
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&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm184 185
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tm;jzihf aumif;uift&yfwkdYü&Sdaom txG#ftjrwftmPmpufwkdYxHü
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ukdtapcHrsm;tjzpfom ½IjrifcJhMuygonf/
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tjrwftmPmpufrsm;onf pmwefESihf4if;\aumif;uifwrefrsm;ukd
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rif;(pmwef)tm; odaeapygonf/ toif;awmfonf bk&m;ocifESihf
pmwefwkYd ppfyGJqifETJ&mppfajrjyifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf þt
oif;awmfukd wnfaqmufjcif;jzihf rdrd\crf;em;BuD;us,faom atmifEkdif
jcif;ukdpmwefESihf 4if;\aumif;uifwrefrsm;xHü xkwfazmfajymjyaeyg
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toif;awmftm;jzihf bk&m;ocif\xm0&wnfaom &nf&G,fcsufrsm;
txajrmufjynfhpkHvmaeMuygonf/ wkdif;EkdifiHtoD;oD;rS EkdifiHom;rsm;
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xkwfazmfjyocH&rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymjycJhonf (i,f 10)/
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odkYaomf þtcsuf\jyóemrSm aumif;uifwrefrsm;ukd txG#ftjrwf
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ukdtapcHrsm;tjzpfom ½IjrifcJhMuygonf/
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tjrwftmPmpufrsm;onf pmwefESihf4if;\aumif;uifwrefrsm;ukd
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ocifonf rdrd\atmifEkdifawmfrljcif;ukd pmwef\AkdvfajcAkdvfygrsm;xHü
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rif;(pmwef)tm; odaeapygonf/ toif;awmfonf bk&m;ocifESihf
pmwefwkYd ppfyGJqifETJ&mppfajrjyifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf þt
oif;awmfukd wnfaqmufjcif;jzihf rdrd\crf;em;BuD;us,faom atmifEkdif
jcif;ukdpmwefESihf 4if;\aumif;uifwrefrsm;xHü xkwfazmfajymjyaeyg
onf/
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BudK;pm;vkyfaqmifaeygaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf ocif
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toif;awmftm;jzihf bk&m;ocif\xm0&wnfaom &nf&G,fcsufrsm;
txajrmufjynfhpkHvmaeMuygonf/ wkdif;EkdifiHtoD;oD;rS EkdifiHom;rsm;
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onfarSmifrkdufEkdifiHukd tBuD;tus,fxdckdufzsufqD;aeygonf/
rdrdwkdY\ tjypf'kp½kdufarSmifrkdufxJü zrf;csKyfcHMu&aom wyg;
trsKd;wkdYu ocifc&pfawmfüvGwfvyfjcif;ESihf atmifEkdifjcif;wkdY&Sdae
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\acwfumvü pmwef\e,fajrrsm;tm; odrf;ykdufatmifEkdifjcif;ukd
uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUaeMuygonf/
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&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; today;cJhonf/ &Sifaygvkukd,f
wkdifu rsm;pGmcHpm;cJh&ygonf/ &efolonf rdrd\e,fajrrsm;ukd tvG,f
wulvufvTwfrnfr[kwfyg/ &Sifaygvku rdrdcH&aomqif;&Jjcif;'ku©
aMumihf pdwf"mwfrusMuzkdY {zuftoif;om;rsm;ukd ajymcJhonf (i,f
13)/ &Sifaygvk&ifqkdifBuHKawGU&aom t&mcyfodrf;ukd bk&m;ocifu
rdrd\bkef;awmftwGuf tokH;jyKcJhygvdrfhrnf/
urÇmwpf0Srf;ü bk&m;ocifhEkdifiHawmfBuD;rm;us,fjyefYvmykHESihf
oGm;av&m&mü ocifc&pfawmf\tvif;ukd aqmif,loGm;ykHukdMunfhí
uREkfyfwkdY0rf;ajrmufaeMu&rnfjzpfonf/ ocifc&pfawmfwpfyg;wnf;ü
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf raumif;rI'kp½kduftay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukd wkd;yGm;
ysHUEHSUapjcif;twGuf n§if;yef;ESdyfpufrIrsm;ukd onf;cHjzwfoef;Ekdif&ef
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdcGeftm;opfrsm; oGef;avmif;ygap/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifaygvkonf rdrdxHrSbk&m;ociftvkd&Sdawmfrlaomt&mESihf
pyfvsOf;í Munfvifjywfom;aom ½lyg½kHwpfckukd &Sdxm;cJhonf/
oifhtwGufbk&m;ocif\ ½lyg½kHum;tb,ft&menf;/ oifonf
&SifaygvkuJhokdY xkd½lyg½kHukdvufawGUvkyfaqmif&mü vkdvkdvm;vm;
'ku©cHvkdygovm;/
bk&m;ocifonf toif;awmfukd n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcJhaom
&Sifaygvkukd cGihfvTwfítokH;jyKcJhjcif;tay:ü rnfonfhcGeftm;
ay; wkdufwGef;rIukd oif&&Sdygonf/
arSmifrkdufEkdifiHxJokdY bk&m;ocifhEkdifiHawmf\ xkd;azmuf0if
a&mufrIESihfpyfqkdifaom rnfonfhtaxmuftxm;ukd oifwkdY
\tokdif;t0kdif;ü awGU&ygoenf;/
oifonf ocifc&pfawmfukd oifhukd,fykdifcGeftm;pGrf;&nftm;
jzihftapcHygovm; (okdY) oihftxJü tvkyfvkyfaeaom bk&m;
ocif\wefckd;awmftm;jzihf tapcHygovm;/ uGJjym;jcm;em;
csufukd oifajymjyEkdifygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\EkdfifiHawmfukd þavmu\arSmifrkdufjcif;
xJü wkd;csJUaejcif;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ þBuD;jrwfvS
aomwm0efü uREkfyfwkdYukdtokH;jyKaeaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\EkdfifiHawmfukd csJUxGif&mü oihf&JUtcef;
u@ukdoihfxHü xkwfazmfjyoay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/ touf
wmü bk&m;ocifqihfac:jcif;\ Munfvifjywfom;aom ½lyg½kH
&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm186 187
awmftm; arSmifrkdufEkdifiHtay:ü ajzvTwfawmhrnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
\acwfumvü pmwef\e,fajrrsm;tm; odrf;ykdufatmifEkdifjcif;ukd
uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUaeMuygonf/
arSmifrkdufEkdifiHxJokdY tvif;EkdifiHawmf\ þxkd;azmuf0ifa&muf
rIBuD;onf txdtckduftaoaysmufr&SdyJ jzpfyGm;cJhvdrfhrnfr[kwfaMumif;
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; today;cJhonf/ &Sifaygvkukd,f
wkdifu rsm;pGmcHpm;cJh&ygonf/ &efolonf rdrd\e,fajrrsm;ukd tvG,f
wulvufvTwfrnfr[kwfyg/ &Sifaygvku rdrdcH&aomqif;&Jjcif;'ku©
aMumihf pdwf"mwfrusMuzkdY {zuftoif;om;rsm;ukd ajymcJhonf (i,f
13)/ &Sifaygvk&ifqkdifBuHKawGU&aom t&mcyfodrf;ukd bk&m;ocifu
rdrd\bkef;awmftwGuf tokH;jyKcJhygvdrfhrnf/
urÇmwpf0Srf;ü bk&m;ocifhEkdifiHawmfBuD;rm;us,fjyefYvmykHESihf
oGm;av&m&mü ocifc&pfawmf\tvif;ukd aqmif,loGm;ykHukdMunfhí
uREkfyfwkdY0rf;ajrmufaeMu&rnfjzpfonf/ ocifc&pfawmfwpfyg;wnf;ü
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf raumif;rI'kp½kduftay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukd wkd;yGm;
ysHUEHSUapjcif;twGuf n§if;yef;ESdyfpufrIrsm;ukd onf;cHjzwfoef;Ekdif&ef
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdcGeftm;opfrsm; oGef;avmif;ygap/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifaygvkonf rdrdxHrSbk&m;ociftvkd&Sdawmfrlaomt&mESihf
pyfvsOf;í Munfvifjywfom;aom ½lyg½kHwpfckukd &Sdxm;cJhonf/
oifhtwGufbk&m;ocif\ ½lyg½kHum;tb,ft&menf;/ oifonf
&SifaygvkuJhokdY xkd½lyg½kHukdvufawGUvkyfaqmif&mü vkdvkdvm;vm;
'ku©cHvkdygovm;/
bk&m;ocifonf toif;awmfukd n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcJhaom
&Sifaygvkukd cGihfvTwfítokH;jyKcJhjcif;tay:ü rnfonfhcGeftm;
ay; wkdufwGef;rIukd oif&&Sdygonf/
arSmifrkdufEkdifiHxJokdY bk&m;ocifhEkdifiHawmf\ xkd;azmuf0if
a&mufrIESihfpyfqkdifaom rnfonfhtaxmuftxm;ukd oifwkdY
\tokdif;t0kdif;ü awGU&ygoenf;/
oifonf ocifc&pfawmfukd oifhukd,fykdifcGeftm;pGrf;&nftm;
jzihftapcHygovm; (okdY) oihftxJü tvkyfvkyfaeaom bk&m;
ocif\wefckd;awmftm;jzihf tapcHygovm;/ uGJjym;jcm;em;
csufukd oifajymjyEkdifygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\EkdfifiHawmfukd þavmu\arSmifrkdufjcif;
xJü wkd;csJUaejcif;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ þBuD;jrwfvS
aomwm0efü uREkfyfwkdYukdtokH;jyKaeaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\EkdfifiHawmfukd csJUxGif&mü oihf&JUtcef;
u@ukdoihfxHü xkwfazmfjyoay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/ touf
wmü bk&m;ocifqihfac:jcif;\ Munfvifjywfom;aom ½lyg½kH
&Sifaygvk? wyg;trsKd;wkdYxHüapvTwfaomwrefawmf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
1717
1717
17
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf
{zuf 3;14-21 ukdzwf½Iyg/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;tay:ü xm;&Sdaom&Sifaygvk\ pkd;&drf
ywfoufay;rIonf þpmapmifwGif txift&Sm;awGU&onf/ þpkd;&drf
ywfoufay;rIu &Sifaygvkukd 4if;wkdYtwGufrMumcPqkdovkd qkawmif;
apcJhonf/ {zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf
wpfcsKdUukd uREkfyfwkdYawGUjrifcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf (1;15-23)/ þae&mwGif
vnf;olwkdYtwGuf rdrdqkawmif;ay;aeaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvkwpfzeftod
ay;cJhonf/ olwkdYonf ,k'trsKd;? wyg;trsKd;[lí cGJJjcm;rIr&Sdaom omí
BuD;rm;onfh rdom;pkwpfck\ tpdwftykdif;jzpfaeMuaMumif; olwkdYukd
&SifaygvkajymjycJhonf/ aumif;uifbkHü&Sdawmfrlaom crnf;awmfwpfyg;
wnf;om&Sdonf/ ocifa,½I\taoG;awmftm;jzihf bk&m;ocif\
rdom;pkü arG;zGm;vmMuaomoltm;vkH;onf nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;jzpf
Muonf/ &Sifaygvkonfvnf; olwkdYESihftwl xkdrdom;pkBuD;\ tpdwftykdif;
jzpfcJhonf/ ocifc&pfawmfüwnfaom nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;jzpfMu
onfhtm;avsmfpGm &Sifaygvkonf olwkdYtwGufqkawmif;ay;cJhonf/
wpfckukd oifhtm;ay;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifonf twdwfrSuREkfyfwkdY\tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;ukd vkdvkd
vm;vm;cGihfvTwfay;vkdNyD;? rdrd\tapcHrsm;tjzpf uREfkyfwkdYkukd
tokH;jyK&ef vkdvkdvm;vm;&SdaeaomaMumihf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
,aeYwGif ,kHMunfolrsm;Mum;ü &SdaeaomwHwkdif;eH&Htm;vkH;ukd
NzdKcsay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
188
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
1717
1717
17
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf
{zuf 3;14-21 ukdzwf½Iyg/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;tay:ü xm;&Sdaom&Sifaygvk\ pkd;&drf
ywfoufay;rIonf þpmapmifwGif txift&Sm;awGU&onf/ þpkd;&drf
ywfoufay;rIu &Sifaygvkukd 4if;wkdYtwGufrMumcPqkdovkd qkawmif;
apcJhonf/ {zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf
wpfcsKdUukd uREkfyfwkdYawGUjrifcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf (1;15-23)/ þae&mwGif
vnf;olwkdYtwGuf rdrdqkawmif;ay;aeaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvkwpfzeftod
ay;cJhonf/ olwkdYonf ,k'trsKd;? wyg;trsKd;[lí cGJJjcm;rIr&Sdaom omí
BuD;rm;onfh rdom;pkwpfck\ tpdwftykdif;jzpfaeMuaMumif; olwkdYukd
&SifaygvkajymjycJhonf/ aumif;uifbkHü&Sdawmfrlaom crnf;awmfwpfyg;
wnf;om&Sdonf/ ocifa,½I\taoG;awmftm;jzihf bk&m;ocif\
rdom;pkü arG;zGm;vmMuaomoltm;vkH;onf nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;jzpf
Muonf/ &Sifaygvkonfvnf; olwkdYESihftwl xkdrdom;pkBuD;\ tpdwftykdif;
jzpfcJhonf/ ocifc&pfawmfüwnfaom nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;jzpfMu
onfhtm;avsmfpGm &Sifaygvkonf olwkdYtwGufqkawmif;ay;cJhonf/
wpfckukd oifhtm;ay;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifonf twdwfrSuREkfyfwkdY\tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;ukd vkdvkd
vm;vm;cGihfvTwfay;vkdNyD;? rdrd\tapcHrsm;tjzpf uREfkyfwkdYkukd
tokH;jyK&ef vkdvkdvm;vm;&SdaeaomaMumihf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
,aeYwGif ,kHMunfolrsm;Mum;ü &SdaeaomwHwkdif;eH&Htm;vkH;ukd
NzdKcsay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
188
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
{zuf,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csufukd avhvmprf;ppf
MunfhMuygpkdY/
bk&m;ocifonf oifwkdYkukdcGeftm;ESihf NrJNrHckdifcHhapí (i,f 16)
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\yxrqkH;arwåm&yfcH
csufrSm 4if;wkdY\twGif;vlukd 0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf cGeftm;ESihfNrJNrHckdifcHh
aprnfhtaMumif;jzpfonf/ olwkdYonf c&pf,meftoufwm&Sifoefjcif;
wGif rnfrQyifwkd;wuf&ifhusufaeMuapumrl tm;opfavmif;ay;jcif;ukd
ykdíyifvkdtyfcJhMuygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifbk&m;ESihftwl avQmuf
vSrf;&Sifoef&mwGif BuD;xGm;wkd;wufvmjcif;r&SdbJ rnfokdYrMumcP
auseyfwif;wdrfaecJhMuygoenf;/ &Sifaygvku þpdwfoabmxm;ukd
pdefac:cJhonf/ {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf ocifa,½IESihfqufqH&if;ESD;
rIwGifBuD;xGm;wkd;wufvmjcif;ukd rnfonfhtcgwGifrQ r&yfwefYMurnfh
taMumif; qkawmif;ay;cJhonf/ olwkdYonf,kHMunfjcif;üykdíykdí NrJNrHckdifcHh
vmMu&efrSm &Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´jzpfcJhonf/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;onf cGeftm;ESifhNrJNrHckdifcHhaeMu&ef
&SifaygvkqE´jyKcJhonfukd owdjyKyg/ þcGeftm;wefckd;awmf\ t&if;
tjrpfum;tb,fenf;/ þcGeftm;onf 4if;wkdY\txJü udef;0yfaexkdif
awmfrlaom 0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf<u,f0jynfhpkH
jcif;rSa&mufvmygonf/ þae&mü &SifaygvkajymjyaeaomcGeftm;
onf ½kyfykdif;qkdif&mcGeftm;r[kwfyg/ ]]twGif;vl}} ü&Sdaom cGeftm;
jzpfonf/ þae&monf ,kHMunfolwkdif;ü bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf
vma&mufudef;0yfaomae&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfonf
{zuftoif;om;rsm;\ twGif;vlüykdíykdíxif&Sm;jyornfhtaMumif;
&Sifaygvkqkawmif;aecJhygonf/ þtcsif;t&monf {zuftoif;om;
rsm;u oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifcsufukd vkdufavsmzkdY oif,l
aomtcsdefüom jzpfysufygvdrfhrnf/ &Sifaygvkonf þae&mwGif
omíBuD;rm;aom vlYBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrItaMumif;ukd ajymaejcif;
r[kwfyg/ &Sifaygvkajymaeonfht&mrSm {zuftoif;om;rsm;ukd
,kHMunfjcif;üBuD;xGm;vmMu&ef pGrf;aqmifay;í vkyfykdifcGihfESihftmPm
ay;jcif;wnf;[laom {zuftoif;om;rsm;\ toufwm&Sd bk&m;ocifh
0dnmOfawmf\ omíeufeJaomtrIawmftaMumif;jzpfonf/
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf c&pfawmfonfoifwkdY\ pdwfESvkH;xJüudef;0yf
awmfrlrnftaMumif; (i,f 17)
bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;cH&jcif;\
&nf&G,fcsufrSm xkdokdYjyKvkyfjcif;tm;jzihf ocifa,½Ionf 4if;wkdY\pdwf
ESvkH;xJü ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf udef;0yfcJhvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ þusrf;ykd'fukd
uREkfyfwkdY rnfokdYem;vnfoabmaygufMu&rnfenf;/ ocifa,½Ionf
,kHMunfolwkdif;\ pdwfESvkH;xJü &Sifoefygaomfvnf;? ,kHMunfolwkdif;u
xkdrsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukd qD;BudKykHcsif;rwlMuyg/ rdrdwkdY\avmuDESihfqkdif
aomt&mrsm;ukd cspfcifpGJvrf;rIaMumifh toufwmü ocifc&pfawmf
\jynfhpkHjcif;ukd qefYusifckcHMuaom ,kHMunfoltcsKdU&Sdonf/ &Sifaygvk\
qkawmif;csufrSm crnf;awmfonf þ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd oefY&Sif;aom
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf 191
190
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
{zuf,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csufukd avhvmprf;ppf
MunfhMuygpkdY/
bk&m;ocifonf oifwkdYkukdcGeftm;ESihf NrJNrHckdifcHhapí (i,f 16)
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\yxrqkH;arwåm&yfcH
csufrSm 4if;wkdY\twGif;vlukd 0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf cGeftm;ESihfNrJNrHckdifcHh
aprnfhtaMumif;jzpfonf/ olwkdYonf c&pf,meftoufwm&Sifoefjcif;
wGif rnfrQyifwkd;wuf&ifhusufaeMuapumrl tm;opfavmif;ay;jcif;ukd
ykdíyifvkdtyfcJhMuygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifbk&m;ESihftwl avQmuf
vSrf;&Sifoef&mwGif BuD;xGm;wkd;wufvmjcif;r&SdbJ rnfokdYrMumcP
auseyfwif;wdrfaecJhMuygoenf;/ &Sifaygvku þpdwfoabmxm;ukd
pdefac:cJhonf/ {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf ocifa,½IESihfqufqH&if;ESD;
rIwGifBuD;xGm;wkd;wufvmjcif;ukd rnfonfhtcgwGifrQ r&yfwefYMurnfh
taMumif; qkawmif;ay;cJhonf/ olwkdYonf,kHMunfjcif;üykdíykdí NrJNrHckdifcHh
vmMu&efrSm &Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´jzpfcJhonf/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;onf cGeftm;ESifhNrJNrHckdifcHhaeMu&ef
&SifaygvkqE´jyKcJhonfukd owdjyKyg/ þcGeftm;wefckd;awmf\ t&if;
tjrpfum;tb,fenf;/ þcGeftm;onf 4if;wkdY\txJü udef;0yfaexkdif
awmfrlaom 0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf<u,f0jynfhpkH
jcif;rSa&mufvmygonf/ þae&mü &SifaygvkajymjyaeaomcGeftm;
onf ½kyfykdif;qkdif&mcGeftm;r[kwfyg/ ]]twGif;vl}} ü&Sdaom cGeftm;
jzpfonf/ þae&monf ,kHMunfolwkdif;ü bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf
vma&mufudef;0yfaomae&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfonf
{zuftoif;om;rsm;\ twGif;vlüykdíykdíxif&Sm;jyornfhtaMumif;
&Sifaygvkqkawmif;aecJhygonf/ þtcsif;t&monf {zuftoif;om;
rsm;u oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifcsufukd vkdufavsmzkdY oif,l
aomtcsdefüom jzpfysufygvdrfhrnf/ &Sifaygvkonf þae&mwGif
omíBuD;rm;aom vlYBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrItaMumif;ukd ajymaejcif;
r[kwfyg/ &Sifaygvkajymaeonfht&mrSm {zuftoif;om;rsm;ukd
,kHMunfjcif;üBuD;xGm;vmMu&ef pGrf;aqmifay;í vkyfykdifcGihfESihftmPm
ay;jcif;wnf;[laom {zuftoif;om;rsm;\ toufwm&Sd bk&m;ocifh
0dnmOfawmf\ omíeufeJaomtrIawmftaMumif;jzpfonf/
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf c&pfawmfonfoifwkdY\ pdwfESvkH;xJüudef;0yf
awmfrlrnftaMumif; (i,f 17)
bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;cH&jcif;\
&nf&G,fcsufrSm xkdokdYjyKvkyfjcif;tm;jzihf ocifa,½Ionf 4if;wkdY\pdwf
ESvkH;xJü ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf udef;0yfcJhvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ þusrf;ykd'fukd
uREkfyfwkdY rnfokdYem;vnfoabmaygufMu&rnfenf;/ ocifa,½Ionf
,kHMunfolwkdif;\ pdwfESvkH;xJü &Sifoefygaomfvnf;? ,kHMunfolwkdif;u
xkdrsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukd qD;BudKykHcsif;rwlMuyg/ rdrdwkdY\avmuDESihfqkdif
aomt&mrsm;ukd cspfcifpGJvrf;rIaMumifh toufwmü ocifc&pfawmf
\jynfhpkHjcif;ukd qefYusifckcHMuaom ,kHMunfoltcsKdU&Sdonf/ &Sifaygvk\
qkawmif;csufrSm crnf;awmfonf þ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd oefY&Sif;aom
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf 191
190
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm192 193
0dnmOfawmf\tpGrf;xufaomvkyfaqmifrItm;jzihf tm;opfoGef;
avmif;ícdkifcHhNrJNrHapNyD;? xkdokdYtm;jzihf ocifc&pfawmfonf 4if;wkdYtxJ
üykdítpGrf;wefckd;xufpGmjzihf udef;0yfcJhvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ þt&monf
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ trIawmfjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmf\ &nf&G,f
csufrSm uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü ocifa,½IukdcsD;ajr§mufí ukd,fawmfESihf
ykdíeD;pyfuRrf;0ifaom rdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;ukd aqmif,lvm&efjzpfonf/
oifwkdYonfarwåmü pkdufysKd;jcif;? wkdufjrpfvnf;uswnfjcif;&Sdrnfh
taMumif; (i,f 17)
ocifc&pfawmfu rdrd\jynfhpkHjcif;ESihftwl 4if;wkdY\pdwfESvkH;
xJüudef;0yfawmfrljcif;\&vm'frSm 4if;wkdYonf bk&m;ocifhcspfjcif;
arwåm\jynfhpkHjcif;ü tjrpfwG,fí? xkdcspfjcif;arwåmü NrJNrHcJhMurnf
jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf vkHNcHKrIESihf cspfjcif;ukdcHpm;&aom ocifc&pf
awmfESihf uREkfyfwkdY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIonf tb,frQta&;BuD;ygoenf;/
xkdvkHNcHKpdwfcsrIr&SdvQif uREkfyfwkdYonf pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;\ om;aumif
jzpfoGm;Ekdifygonf/ &efolonf uREkfyfwkdYukdþtqihfwGif wkdufckdufí?
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukd*½krpkdufyg[k ,kHMunfoGm;apygvdrfhrnf/
uREkfyfwkYd\jyóemrsm;wGif bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdpGefYypfoGm;
cJhonf (okdY) ukd,fawmfhukd uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaomtcg ukd,fawmfonf
uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf tqifoihfr&Sd[k &efoluuREkfyfwkdYukd ,kHMunfoGm;ap
ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf om;awmf\cspfjcif;arwåmü tjrpfwG,fí
NrJNrHaeMuum? xkdom;awmf\cspfjcif;arwåmü vkHNcHKpdwfcsrI&Sdjcif;ukd
odem;vnfMu&efrSm bk&m;ocif\pdwfqE´jzpfonf/
uREkfyf\ZeD;onf olrtay:üuREkfyfxm;&Sdaomcspfjcif;arwåm
aocsmem;vnfaMumif; jyKvkyfxm;&efrSm uREkfyftwGufrnfrQ ta&;
BuD;onfukd cifyGef;onfwpfa,muftjzpfESihf uREkfyfodonf/ rnfonfh
t&myifjzpfcJhygap (okdY) rnfuJhokdYaom cufcJonfht&mrsm;uREkfyfwkdY
ESpfOD;Mum;ü a&mufvmaeygap olrtay:üxm;&Sdaom uREkfyf\cspf
jcif;arwåmonf vkH;vkH;ajymif;vJoGm;vdrfhrnfr[kwfaMumif; olrukd uREkfyf
odapcsifonf/ xkdYtwlyif? uREkfyfwkYdonfvnf; bk&m;ocif\om;awmf
ESifh uREkfyfwkdYqufqH&if;ESD;rIwGif vHkNcHKpdwfcsaerI&SdaeMu&efrSm bk&m;
ocif\tvkdawmfjzpfonf/
rdrd\cspfjcif;arwåmESihf uREkfyfwkdYukdrnfonfht&mu rcGJEkdif
aMumif;bk&m;ocifu uwdjyKxm;onf (a&mr 8;39)/ bk&m;ocifonf
uREkfyfwkdYukd rpGefY? uREkfyfwkdYukdtvQif;ypfrxm;yg[kajymxm;onf (a[NAJ
13;5)/ uREkfyfwkdY\'kp½kduf&SdorQukdvnf; vkdvkdvm;vm;cGihfvTwfay;vkd
aMumif; today;xm;onf (1a,m 1;9)/ {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf
ocifa,½Iu olwkdYtay:üxm;&Sdaom cspfjcif;arwåmonf rnfokdYrQ
ajymif;vJcJhvdrfhrnfr[kwfaMumif;ukd od&Sdxm;Mu&efrSm olwkYdtwGuf
&Sifaygvk\ qkawmif;csufjzpfonf/ þt&mukdolwdkYod&Sdxm;jcif;u
tjypfvTwfjcif;ukd &SmBuH&efolwkdYukd tm;ay;wkdufwGef;í &efolukd&ifqkdif
&ef &J&ifhjcif;ukday;cJhygvdrfhrnf/ þcspfjcif;arwåmonf olwkdYukdtopf
aomemcHjcif;ESihf tapcHjcif;tacgiftzsm;qDokdY aphaqmfay;&efrSm
&Sifaygvk\ qkawmif;csufjzpfonf/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm192 193
0dnmOfawmf\tpGrf;xufaomvkyfaqmifrItm;jzihf tm;opfoGef;
avmif;ícdkifcHhNrJNrHapNyD;? xkdokdYtm;jzihf ocifc&pfawmfonf 4if;wkdYtxJ
üykdítpGrf;wefckd;xufpGmjzihf udef;0yfcJhvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ þt&monf
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ trIawmfjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmf\ &nf&G,f
csufrSm uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü ocifa,½IukdcsD;ajr§mufí ukd,fawmfESihf
ykdíeD;pyfuRrf;0ifaom rdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;ukd aqmif,lvm&efjzpfonf/
oifwkdYonfarwåmü pkdufysKd;jcif;? wkdufjrpfvnf;uswnfjcif;&Sdrnfh
taMumif; (i,f 17)
ocifc&pfawmfu rdrd\jynfhpkHjcif;ESihftwl 4if;wkdY\pdwfESvkH;
xJüudef;0yfawmfrljcif;\&vm'frSm 4if;wkdYonf bk&m;ocifhcspfjcif;
arwåm\jynfhpkHjcif;ü tjrpfwG,fí? xkdcspfjcif;arwåmü NrJNrHcJhMurnf
jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf vkHNcHKrIESihf cspfjcif;ukdcHpm;&aom ocifc&pf
awmfESihf uREkfyfwkdY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIonf tb,frQta&;BuD;ygoenf;/
xkdvkHNcHKpdwfcsrIr&SdvQif uREkfyfwkdYonf pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;\ om;aumif
jzpfoGm;Ekdifygonf/ &efolonf uREkfyfwkdYukdþtqihfwGif wkdufckdufí?
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukd*½krpkdufyg[k ,kHMunfoGm;apygvdrfhrnf/
uREkfyfwkYd\jyóemrsm;wGif bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdpGefYypfoGm;
cJhonf (okdY) ukd,fawmfhukd uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaomtcg ukd,fawmfonf
uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf tqifoihfr&Sd[k &efoluuREkfyfwkdYukd ,kHMunfoGm;ap
ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf om;awmf\cspfjcif;arwåmü tjrpfwG,fí
NrJNrHaeMuum? xkdom;awmf\cspfjcif;arwåmü vkHNcHKpdwfcsrI&Sdjcif;ukd
odem;vnfMu&efrSm bk&m;ocif\pdwfqE´jzpfonf/
uREkfyf\ZeD;onf olrtay:üuREkfyfxm;&Sdaomcspfjcif;arwåm
aocsmem;vnfaMumif; jyKvkyfxm;&efrSm uREkfyftwGufrnfrQ ta&;
BuD;onfukd cifyGef;onfwpfa,muftjzpfESihf uREkfyfodonf/ rnfonfh
t&myifjzpfcJhygap (okdY) rnfuJhokdYaom cufcJonfht&mrsm;uREkfyfwkdY
ESpfOD;Mum;ü a&mufvmaeygap olrtay:üxm;&Sdaom uREkfyf\cspf
jcif;arwåmonf vkH;vkH;ajymif;vJoGm;vdrfhrnfr[kwfaMumif; olrukd uREkfyf
odapcsifonf/ xkdYtwlyif? uREkfyfwkYdonfvnf; bk&m;ocif\om;awmf
ESifh uREkfyfwkdYqufqH&if;ESD;rIwGif vHkNcHKpdwfcsaerI&SdaeMu&efrSm bk&m;
ocif\tvkdawmfjzpfonf/
rdrd\cspfjcif;arwåmESihf uREkfyfwkdYukdrnfonfht&mu rcGJEkdif
aMumif;bk&m;ocifu uwdjyKxm;onf (a&mr 8;39)/ bk&m;ocifonf
uREkfyfwkdYukd rpGefY? uREkfyfwkdYukdtvQif;ypfrxm;yg[kajymxm;onf (a[NAJ
13;5)/ uREkfyfwkdY\'kp½kduf&SdorQukdvnf; vkdvkdvm;vm;cGihfvTwfay;vkd
aMumif; today;xm;onf (1a,m 1;9)/ {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf
ocifa,½Iu olwkdYtay:üxm;&Sdaom cspfjcif;arwåmonf rnfokdYrQ
ajymif;vJcJhvdrfhrnfr[kwfaMumif;ukd od&Sdxm;Mu&efrSm olwkYdtwGuf
&Sifaygvk\ qkawmif;csufjzpfonf/ þt&mukdolwdkYod&Sdxm;jcif;u
tjypfvTwfjcif;ukd &SmBuH&efolwkdYukd tm;ay;wkdufwGef;í &efolukd&ifqkdif
&ef &J&ifhjcif;ukday;cJhygvdrfhrnf/ þcspfjcif;arwåmonf olwkdYukdtopf
aomemcHjcif;ESihf tapcHjcif;tacgiftzsm;qDokdY aphaqmfay;&efrSm
&Sifaygvk\ qkawmif;csufjzpfonf/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm194 195
olwkdYonfc&pfawmf\ arwåmawmfukd odem;vnfjcif;iSg4if; (i,f
18-19)
{zuftoif;om;rsm;onf ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdaom 4if;wkdY\
t½kduft&mvkHNcHKpdwfcspGm&SdaeaMumif;ukd oabmaygufem;vnf½kHomr
[kwf? tvGefBuD;rm;eufeJaom ocifc&pfawmf\ cspfjcif;arwåmmukd
vnf;olwkdY od&Sdem;vnfcJhMurnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvku qkawmif;ay;
cJhonf/ þcspfjcif;arwåmonf vlYÓPfynmukdomvGefonf[k &Sifaygvk
uolwkdYukd tcef;i,f 19 wGif ajymcJhonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif?
olwkdYonf olwkdYukdcspfaombk&m;ocifh cspfjcif;arwåm\ us,fajym
euf½Idif;rIukd vlYtjriftm;jzihf b,faomtcgwGifrQ aphaphpyfpyf
em;vnfEkdifcJhMurnfr[kwfaomfvnf; &Sifaygvkonf 4if;wkdYukd xkdcspfjcif;
arwåmtm;ykdí jynfhjynfh00BuHKawGUcHpm;jcif;ü BuD;xGm;MuapvkdcJhonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;ukd olwkdYtwGuf rdrdukd,fukdpaw; oGm;cJh
aomocifc&pfawmf\ tHhzG,faumif;aomcspfjcif;arwåmukd tNrJwrf;
tHhMorifoufvQuf&SdaeMu&ef tvkd&SdcJhonf/ ocifc&pfawmfukd
taumif;qkH; em;vnfoabmaygufaomolrsm;u ukd,fawmf\cspfjcif;
arwåmukd trsm;qkH;tHhMocsD;rGrf;Muonf/ tjypfom;rsm; tay:üxm;
&Sdaom ocifa,½I\cspfjcif;arwåm us,fajymeuf½Idif;rIukd uREkfyfwkdY
pOf;pm;qifjcifaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;wGif tHhMoav;pm;jcif;ESihf
tHhMocsD;rGrf;jcif;wkdY tNrJ&Sdaeoihfygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYukd cspfaom ukd,fawmf
&Sif\cspfjcif;arwåmukd ykdíeufeJaomwefzkd;xm; aus;Zl;wifjcif;qDokdY
uREkfyfwkdYaeYpOfa&mufvmoihfonf/
oifwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ jynfhpkHawmfrljcif; &SdorQESihftnDjynfhpkHMuyg
rnftaMumif; (i,f 19)
{zuftoif;om;rsm;onf toufwmü bk&m;ocif\rsuf
arSmufjyKjcif;ESihf jynfhaeMuonfukd &SifaygvkjrifawGUvkdcJhonf/ olwkdY
onf rdrdwkdY\twåpdwfwGifaovQuf bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmf? cspfjcif;
arwåmawmfESihf bkef;tmEkabmfwkdYukd rdrdwkdY\pdwful;tawG;rsm;ü
vnf;aumif;? vkyfaqmifrIrsm;üvnf;aumif; BuHKawGUcHpm;aeMu
aMumif;ukd &SifaygvkjrifawGUvkdcJhonf/ vltrsm;u {zuftoif;om;
rsm;ukdMunfh½Iaomtcg bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYtm;jzihf xGef;vif;
awmufyaeonfukd jrifawGUcJhMuvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku {zuf
toif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\toufwmü bk&m;ocif\jzpfwnfrIukd
tjynfh0qkH;BuHKawGUcHpm;MuapvkdcJhonf/
þae&mü &Sifaygvkajymjyaeaomt&mtaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdY
pOf;pm;okH;oyfaeMuonfESihftrQ þuJhokdYaom toufwmrsKd;ukd uREkfyf
wkdYBuHKawGUcHpm;EkdifcJhMuygrnfvm;[k tHhMovQuf&SdaeMuygonf/ uREkfyf
wkdY\toufwmü ocifa,½I\bkef;awmfESihf wefckd;awmfukd BuHKawGU
cHpm;&efrSm trSefwu,fjzpfEkdifygovm;/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;
om;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocifonf 4if;wkdYawmif;qkd(okdY) pdwful;Ekdifonfxuf
tqaygif;rsm;pGm wwfEkdifaombk&m;jzpfaMumif; today;&if; þtykdif;
ukded*kH;csKyfcJhonf (i,f20)/ olwkdY\txJü&Sdaeaom oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmf\wefckd;awmfonf olwdkdYpdwful;BuHpnfEkdifcJhzl;orQxufykdí tx
ajrmufjynfhpkHapEkdifcJhygonf/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm194 195
olwkdYonfc&pfawmf\ arwåmawmfukd odem;vnfjcif;iSg4if; (i,f
18-19)
{zuftoif;om;rsm;onf ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdaom 4if;wkdY\
t½kduft&mvkHNcHKpdwfcspGm&SdaeaMumif;ukd oabmaygufem;vnf½kHomr
[kwf? tvGefBuD;rm;eufeJaom ocifc&pfawmf\ cspfjcif;arwåmmukd
vnf;olwkdY od&Sdem;vnfcJhMurnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvku qkawmif;ay;
cJhonf/ þcspfjcif;arwåmonf vlYÓPfynmukdomvGefonf[k &Sifaygvk
uolwkdYukd tcef;i,f 19 wGif ajymcJhonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif?
olwkdYonf olwkdYukdcspfaombk&m;ocifh cspfjcif;arwåm\ us,fajym
euf½Idif;rIukd vlYtjriftm;jzihf b,faomtcgwGifrQ aphaphpyfpyf
em;vnfEkdifcJhMurnfr[kwfaomfvnf; &Sifaygvkonf 4if;wkdYukd xkdcspfjcif;
arwåmtm;ykdí jynfhjynfh00BuHKawGUcHpm;jcif;ü BuD;xGm;MuapvkdcJhonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;ukd olwkdYtwGuf rdrdukd,fukdpaw; oGm;cJh
aomocifc&pfawmf\ tHhzG,faumif;aomcspfjcif;arwåmukd tNrJwrf;
tHhMorifoufvQuf&SdaeMu&ef tvkd&SdcJhonf/ ocifc&pfawmfukd
taumif;qkH; em;vnfoabmaygufaomolrsm;u ukd,fawmf\cspfjcif;
arwåmukd trsm;qkH;tHhMocsD;rGrf;Muonf/ tjypfom;rsm; tay:üxm;
&Sdaom ocifa,½I\cspfjcif;arwåm us,fajymeuf½Idif;rIukd uREkfyfwkdY
pOf;pm;qifjcifaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;wGif tHhMoav;pm;jcif;ESihf
tHhMocsD;rGrf;jcif;wkdY tNrJ&Sdaeoihfygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYukd cspfaom ukd,fawmf
&Sif\cspfjcif;arwåmukd ykdíeufeJaomwefzkd;xm; aus;Zl;wifjcif;qDokdY
uREkfyfwkdYaeYpOfa&mufvmoihfonf/
oifwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ jynfhpkHawmfrljcif; &SdorQESihftnDjynfhpkHMuyg
rnftaMumif; (i,f 19)
{zuftoif;om;rsm;onf toufwmü bk&m;ocif\rsuf
arSmufjyKjcif;ESihf jynfhaeMuonfukd &SifaygvkjrifawGUvkdcJhonf/ olwkdY
onf rdrdwkdY\twåpdwfwGifaovQuf bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmf? cspfjcif;
arwåmawmfESihf bkef;tmEkabmfwkdYukd rdrdwkdY\pdwful;tawG;rsm;ü
vnf;aumif;? vkyfaqmifrIrsm;üvnf;aumif; BuHKawGUcHpm;aeMu
aMumif;ukd &SifaygvkjrifawGUvkdcJhonf/ vltrsm;u {zuftoif;om;
rsm;ukdMunfh½Iaomtcg bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYtm;jzihf xGef;vif;
awmufyaeonfukd jrifawGUcJhMuvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku {zuf
toif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\toufwmü bk&m;ocif\jzpfwnfrIukd
tjynfh0qkH;BuHKawGUcHpm;MuapvkdcJhonf/
þae&mü &Sifaygvkajymjyaeaomt&mtaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdY
pOf;pm;okH;oyfaeMuonfESihftrQ þuJhokdYaom toufwmrsKd;ukd uREkfyf
wkdYBuHKawGUcHpm;EkdifcJhMuygrnfvm;[k tHhMovQuf&SdaeMuygonf/ uREkfyf
wkdY\toufwmü ocifa,½I\bkef;awmfESihf wefckd;awmfukd BuHKawGU
cHpm;&efrSm trSefwu,fjzpfEkdifygovm;/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;
om;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocifonf 4if;wkdYawmif;qkd(okdY) pdwful;Ekdifonfxuf
tqaygif;rsm;pGm wwfEkdifaombk&m;jzpfaMumif; today;&if; þtykdif;
ukded*kH;csKyfcJhonf (i,f20)/ olwkdY\txJü&Sdaeaom oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmf\wefckd;awmfonf olwdkdYpdwful;BuHpnfEkdifcJhzl;orQxufykdí tx
ajrmufjynfhpkHapEkdifcJhygonf/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm196 197
þae&mü &SifaygvkajymjycJhaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd uREkfyfwkdY
BuHKawGUcHpm;EkdifMuygonf/ okdYaomf? þt&mukd uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fykdif
cGeftm;pGrf;yum;jzihf rnfokdYrQ txajrmufjynfhpkHapEkdifcJhMurnfr[kwf
yg/ þuJhokdYaombk&m;ocifESihf qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsKd;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtxJ&Sd
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\tpGrf;xufaom vkyfaqmifrItm;jzihf
omvQif txajrmufjynfhpkHEkdifygonf/
rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmftm;jzihfbk&m;ocifu oifht
oufwmü vkyfaqmifvkdaomt&mukd rckcHygESihf/ EIwfuywfawmfü
vnf;aumif;? qkawmif;jcif;üvnf;aumif;? tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;ESihfh
rdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;üvnf;aumif; qufvuf&Sifoefjcif;jzihf oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmf\ vrf;jyjcif;ESihfwkdufwGef;EId;aqmfrIwkdYü tyfESHEkdifzkdY
oif,lyg/ ocifc&pfawmf\ cspfjcif;arwåmxJokdY oihfukdykdíeufeuf
½Idif;½Idif;vrf;jyaqmif,loGm;ay;&ef crnf;awmfukd ,kHMunfukd;pm;yg/
xkdokdYjyKvkyfNyD;rSom þae&mü&Sifaygvkajymjyaeaomt&m\ jzpfwnfrI
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cJhaomt&mukd ½dk;½dk;&Sif;&Sif;awG;awmvkdufjcif;u &Sifaygvkukd ukd;uG,f
jcif;ESihf csD;rGrf;jcif;qDokdY aqmif,loGm;cJhonf/ ]]bk&m;ocifonf...
urÇmtqufquf bkef;BuD;awmfrlapownf;}} [k csD;rGrf;&if;&Sifaygvku
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oifonftwGif;vlü cGeftm;ESifhNrJNrHckdifcHhapjcif;ukd cH&ygovm;/
,aeYwGif oifhtoufwmü ocifa,½IrsufarSmufjyKjcif;\
taxmuftxm;&Sdygovm;/ ukd,fawmfonf rdrd\cGeftm;ukd
oifhtoufwmü rnfonfhenf;vrf;rsm;jzihf xkwfazmfjyoae
ygoenf;/
ocifa,½Iü&Sdaom uREkfyfwkdY\vkHNcHKpdwfcs&aom t½kduft&m
taMumif;ESihf pyfvsOf;í þae&mwGif rnfonfht&mukd uREkfyf
oif,l&ygoenf;/
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\pdwfqE´ESihfpyfvsOf;í þusrf;csufu uREkfyfwkdYtm;rnfonfh
t&mukd oGefoifay;aeygoenf;/ oifonf ukd,fwkdifürnfonfh
ae&mwGif tm;enf;aeygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifhtay:üxm;&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;arwåmonf
aocsmaeaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ bk&m;ocif
cspfjcif;arwåm\ vkHNcHKpdwfcsrI&Sdjcif;u oihftwGufcGeftm;ay;
wkdufwGef;rI wpfckjzpfcJhonfh owfowfrSwfrSwf&SdcJhaomtcsdef
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm196 197
þae&mü &SifaygvkajymjycJhaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd uREkfyfwkdY
BuHKawGUcHpm;EkdifMuygonf/ okdYaomf? þt&mukd uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fykdif
cGeftm;pGrf;yum;jzihf rnfokdYrQ txajrmufjynfhpkHapEkdifcJhMurnfr[kwf
yg/ þuJhokdYaombk&m;ocifESihf qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsKd;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtxJ&Sd
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\tpGrf;xufaom vkyfaqmifrItm;jzihf
omvQif txajrmufjynfhpkHEkdifygonf/
rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmftm;jzihfbk&m;ocifu oifht
oufwmü vkyfaqmifvkdaomt&mukd rckcHygESihf/ EIwfuywfawmfü
vnf;aumif;? qkawmif;jcif;üvnf;aumif;? tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;ESihfh
rdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;üvnf;aumif; qufvuf&Sifoefjcif;jzihf oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmf\ vrf;jyjcif;ESihfwkdufwGef;EId;aqmfrIwkdYü tyfESHEkdifzkdY
oif,lyg/ ocifc&pfawmf\ cspfjcif;arwåmxJokdY oihfukdykdíeufeuf
½Idif;½Idif;vrf;jyaqmif,loGm;ay;&ef crnf;awmfukd ,kHMunfukd;pm;yg/
xkdokdYjyKvkyfNyD;rSom þae&mü&Sifaygvkajymjyaeaomt&m\ jzpfwnfrI
trSefukdoifem;vnfí BuHKawGUcHpm;&ygvdrfhrnf/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;\ toufwmübk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifvkd
cJhaomt&mukd ½dk;½dk;&Sif;&Sif;awG;awmvkdufjcif;u &Sifaygvkukd ukd;uG,f
jcif;ESihf csD;rGrf;jcif;qDokdY aqmif,loGm;cJhonf/ ]]bk&m;ocifonf...
urÇmtqufquf bkef;BuD;awmfrlapownf;}} [k csD;rGrf;&if;&Sifaygvku
þtcef;BuD;ukd ed*kH;csKyfcJhonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
,aeYwGif oifhukdcspfaombk&m;ocif\ cspfjcif;arwåmtjynfh
tpkHukd BuHKawGUcHpm;&jcif;rS qD;wm;aeaomt&mum; tb,f
enf;/ rnfonfht&mrsm;u Mum;wGifaESmuf,Sufaeygoenf;/
oifonftwGif;vlü cGeftm;ESifhNrJNrHckdifcHhapjcif;ukd cH&ygovm;/
,aeYwGif oifhtoufwmü ocifa,½IrsufarSmufjyKjcif;\
taxmuftxm;&Sdygovm;/ ukd,fawmfonf rdrd\cGeftm;ukd
oifhtoufwmü rnfonfhenf;vrf;rsm;jzihf xkwfazmfjyoae
ygoenf;/
ocifa,½Iü&Sdaom uREkfyfwkdY\vkHNcHKpdwfcs&aom t½kduft&m
taMumif;ESihf pyfvsOf;í þae&mwGif rnfonfht&mukd uREkfyf
oif,l&ygoenf;/
,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf uREkfyfwkdYtwGufxm;&Sdaom bk&m;ocif
\pdwfqE´ESihfpyfvsOf;í þusrf;csufu uREkfyfwkdYtm;rnfonfh
t&mukd oGefoifay;aeygoenf;/ oifonf ukd,fwkdifürnfonfh
ae&mwGif tm;enf;aeygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifhtay:üxm;&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;arwåmonf
aocsmaeaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ bk&m;ocif
cspfjcif;arwåm\ vkHNcHKpdwfcsrI&Sdjcif;u oihftwGufcGeftm;ay;
wkdufwGef;rI wpfckjzpfcJhonfh owfowfrSwfrSwf&SdcJhaomtcsdef
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csuf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm198
rsm;ukd oifjyefvnfpOf;pm;Ekdifygovm;/ þtcsdefumvrsm;
twGuf bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
twGif;vlü&Sdaom oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ trIawmftwGuf
oifhpdwfESvkH;ukd zGihf[xm;ay;&ef bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmuf
yg/ oifhtoufwm&Sd bk&m;ocif\trIawmfukd oifqefYusif
ckcHcJhonfh tcsdefrsm;twGuf cGihfvTwfay;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
ocifa,½IxHü vkdvkdvm;vm;tyfESHvkdjcif;r&Sdaom oihftouf
wm\tpdwftykdif;rsm;ukdjyoay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;
avQmufyg/ þtpdwftykdif;rsm;ukd ukd,fawmfxHütyfESHEkdifzkdY
aus;Zl;awmfukd ay;oem;&efawmif;avQmufyg/
1818
1818
18
qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;
qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;
qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;
{zuf 4;1-6 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þpmapmif\yxrtcef;BuD; okH;cef;wGif &Sifaygvku{zuf
toif;om;rsm;tm; ocifa,½Ic&pfawmfü&Sdaom 4if;wkdY\t½kduft&m
taMumif;ukd &Sif;jycJhonf/ olwkdYonf &efol\cHwGif;0rS u,fq,fjcif;
ukdcHcJhMu&NyD;? bk&m;ocif\rdom;pkxJü arG;pm;jcif;ukd cHcJhMu&onf/
bk&m;ocif\om;orD;jzpfjcif;ESihf twlygvmaomwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;
&Sdonf/ þtydkif;wGif wrefawmfBuD;u {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
4if;wkdY\ toufwmrsm;ukd 4if;wkdYvufcH&&SdcJhMuonfh qifhac:jcif;ESihf
xkdufwefaomtoufwmrsm;tjzpfESihf &SifoefMuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/
&Sifaygvku ukd,hfukd,fukd xkdqifhac:jcif;ESihf xkdufwefaom toufwmukd
&Sifoefjcif;twGuf jzpfay:vmaomtusKd;tqufrsm;ukd em;vnf
oabmaygufcJhonfh ocifa,½I\tusOf;om;wpfOD;tjzpfESihf {zuf
toif;om;rsm;ukd ajymjyaeygonf/ olwkdYt&Sifocifonf olwkdYtwGuf
rdrd\toufwdk paw;&efvkdvkdvm;vm;&SdcJhouJhokdY olwkdYonfvnf;
xkdt&SiftwGuf rdrdwkdY\toufukd pGefYvTwfMuzkdY vkdvkdvm;vm;&SdaeMu
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm198
rsm;ukd oifjyefvnfpOf;pm;Ekdifygovm;/ þtcsdefumvrsm;
twGuf bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
twGif;vlü&Sdaom oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ trIawmftwGuf
oifhpdwfESvkH;ukd zGihf[xm;ay;&ef bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmuf
yg/ oifhtoufwm&Sd bk&m;ocif\trIawmfukd oifqefYusif
ckcHcJhonfh tcsdefrsm;twGuf cGihfvTwfay;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
ocifa,½IxHü vkdvkdvm;vm;tyfESHvkdjcif;r&Sdaom oihftouf
wm\tpdwftykdif;rsm;ukdjyoay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;
avQmufyg/ þtpdwftykdif;rsm;ukd ukd,fawmfxHütyfESHEkdifzkdY
aus;Zl;awmfukd ay;oem;&efawmif;avQmufyg/
1818
1818
18
qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;
qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;
qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;
{zuf 4;1-6 ukdzwf½Iyg/
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toif;om;rsm;tm; ocifa,½Ic&pfawmfü&Sdaom 4if;wkdY\t½kduft&m
taMumif;ukd &Sif;jycJhonf/ olwkdYonf &efol\cHwGif;0rS u,fq,fjcif;
ukdcHcJhMu&NyD;? bk&m;ocif\rdom;pkxJü arG;pm;jcif;ukd cHcJhMu&onf/
bk&m;ocif\om;orD;jzpfjcif;ESihf twlygvmaomwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;
&Sdonf/ þtydkif;wGif wrefawmfBuD;u {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
4if;wkdY\ toufwmrsm;ukd 4if;wkdYvufcH&&SdcJhMuonfh qifhac:jcif;ESihf
xkdufwefaomtoufwmrsm;tjzpfESihf &SifoefMuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/
&Sifaygvku ukd,hfukd,fukd xkdqifhac:jcif;ESihf xkdufwefaom toufwmukd
&Sifoefjcif;twGuf jzpfay:vmaomtusKd;tqufrsm;ukd em;vnf
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&efvkdtyfcJhonf/
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jzpfvmcJhonf/ ukd,fawmfonf rdrdwynfhawmfrsm;\ ajcukdaq;ay;zkdY
ukd,fukdukdif;ñTefYESdrfhcscJhonf/ &GHU&Smrkef;wD;jcif;ukd cH&aom&Srm&dvlrsKd;
wkdY\e,fajra'oukd tjcm;olrsm;ujzwfoef;c&D;oGm;zkdY jiif;qefcJhMu
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ta&mufoGm;í olwkdYukdcspfcJhygonf/ ukd,fawmfonf NrdKU&Gmvrf;rrsm;
ay:rSvlwkdYukd ulnDrpay;jcif;twGufaMumihf npfywfayusHoGm;rnfh
tjzpfukd rrIcJhyg/ tjcm;olrsm;u rmew&m;ukda&SUxm;NyD; acgif;armhí
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armif;rJjcif;? txiftjrifao;jcif;wkdYukd cHcJhonf/ rdrd\&efolrsm;twGuf
qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;
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&efvkdtyfcJhonf/
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wkdYwpfOD;csif;onf ocifa,½ItwGuf touf&Sif&efqifhac:jcif;cHcJhMu
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tjzpfESihf ½Ijrifjcif;u uREkfyftxJüwm0efodpdwfESihf wm0ef,lpdwf
wkdYukdvIHUaqmfay;&ygrnf/ uREkfyfonf þavmuü ocifa,½I\tapcH
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ta&mufoGm;í olwkdYukdcspfcJhygonf/ ukd,fawmfonf NrdKU&Gmvrf;rrsm;
ay:rSvlwkdYukd ulnDrpay;jcif;twGufaMumihf npfywfayusHoGm;rnfh
tjzpfukd rrIcJhyg/ tjcm;olrsm;u rmew&m;ukda&SUxm;NyD; acgif;armhí
jzwfavQmufoGm;aeMucsdefwGif ukd,fawmfonfr&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;ukd ulnD
rpzkdY ukd,fukdukdif;ñGwfESdrfhcscJhonf/ rdrd\teD;tem;rSvlrsm;\ jypfwif
armif;rJjcif;? txiftjrifao;jcif;wkdYukd cHcJhonf/ rdrd\&efolrsm;twGuf
qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm202 203
um;wkdifxufü taocH&efukd,fawmfwGefYqkwfraecJhyg/ ukd,fawmfonf
tapcHwpfa,muf\pdwfESvkH;ukd ykdifqkdifcJhonf/ þpBuF0|mBuD;\
t&SifociftjzpfESihf rdrd\vkyfykdifcGihfrsm;ukdvnf; ukd,fawmfrawmif;qkd
cJhyg/ ukd,fawmfonf vlYobm0\ZdrfcHí oufawmifhoufom&Sdjcif;ukd
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;jzpfjcif;\ txl;tcGihftvrf;rsm;ukdvnf;aumif;
ab;z,fxm;í tjcm;olrsm;ukdrdrdxufykdí ta&;ygaomolrsm; tjzpf
pOf;pm;okH;oyfcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\
ocifbk&m;uJhokdY tvm;wl pdwfoabmxm;ukd cH,lMuzkdYpdefac:cJhonf/
rmefrmeaxmifvTm;jcif;onf tvGefqkd;0g;aomtjypf'kp½kduf
wpfckjzpfonf/ þt&monf pmwefESihf4if;\aumif;uifwrefrsm;ukd
vJNydKapcJhaom tjypf'kp½kdufjzpfonf/ rmefrmeaxmifvTm;jcif;onf
trSm;jyifay;jcif; (qkH;rjcif;) ukdem;axmifrnfr[kwfyg/ 4if;onf ukd,fh
ukd,fukd tjcm;olrsm;\txufwGif wifxm;NyD;? udk,fhukd,fukd tmom
qE´ajyapjcif;rSty toufwmwGifrnfonfh &nfrSef;csufrQr&Sdyg/
þt&monf bk&m;ocifurdrd\ EIwfuywfawmfü oGefoifay;xm;
csufrsm;tm;vkH;ESihf qefYusifaeygonf/ vlYrmew&m;onf bk&m;ocif
ESihf uREkfyfwkdYMum;ü t[efYtwm;wpfckjzpfNyD;? bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;
r*FvmjynfhpkHjcif;ukdvnf; wm;qD;xm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;
ocif\vufawmfütokH;0ifaomolrsm;jzpfvmzkdY bk&m;ocifu uREkfyf
wkdYukd pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcsapvkdonf/
El;nHhodrfarGUjcif;&Sdavm h(i,f 2)
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; El;nHhodrfarGUMuzkdYvnf;
pdefac:cJhonf/ El;nHhodrfarGUjcif;ukd enf;vrf;rsKd;pkHjzihf okH;oyfMunfhvQif
4if;onf pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcsjcif;oabm\ tjyifpnf;wpfckjzpfonf/ ESdrfhcs
jcif;onf pdwfESvkH;\ oabmxm;jzpfNyD; El;nhHodrfarGUjcif;onf ESdrfhcsaom
pdwfESvkH;rS rSteD;tem;&Sd vlwkdYukdwkefYjyefykHjzpfonf/ El;nHhodrfarGUjcif;
onf tjcm;olrsm;ukd rxdckdufapvkdaom pdwfESvkH;wpfckrS vmaomt&m
jzpfonf/ El;nHhodrfarGUaomyk*¾dKvfu þpum;vkH;rsm;ESihf vkyf&yfrsm;onf
olwpfyg;ukd pdwf"gwfjr§ifhwifay;onf? cGeftm;jzpfaponfukdvnf;
aumif;? zsufvkdzsufqD;vkyfonf? pdwf"mwfusaponfukd vnf;aumif;
aocsmap&eftxl;*½kpkdufí csifhcsdefwwfonf/ El;nHhodrfarGUjcif;onf
rdrd\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukd cspfjcif;arwåmESihfvnf;aumif;? oem;jcif;
u½kPmpdwfESihfvnf;aumif; jyKrlqufqHonf/ 4if;onf olwpfyg;ukd
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ukdtNrJuG,fumay;onf/ El;nHhodrfarGUjcif;onf ESdrfhcsaompdwfESvkH;rS
a&mufvmNyD;? cspfjcif;arwåmESihf MuifemrIjzihf wkefYjyefwwfonf/ 4if;onf
oGm;av&m&mü temNidrf;jcif;ESihfaumif;BuD;r*Fvmukd aqmif,lvm&ef
vufurf;ay;ygonf/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfu þEl;nHhodrfarGUjcif;
ukd uREkfyfwkdYüazmfaqmifvkdygonf/
wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;pdwf&Snfí? wpfOD;ukwpfOD;cspfjcif;arwåmü onf;cHMu
avmh (i,f 2)
ppfrSefaomEdSrfhcsjcif;onf tjcm;olrsm;tay:üvnf; pdwf&Snf
onf/ þae&mütokH;jyKxm;aom *&dpum;vkH;rSm ]]mokrothumia}}
jzpfonf/ þpum;vkH;onf pum;vkH;ESpfvkH;aygif;pyfxm;jcif;jzpfNyD;
qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm202 203
um;wkdifxufü taocH&efukd,fawmfwGefYqkwfraecJhyg/ ukd,fawmfonf
tapcHwpfa,muf\pdwfESvkH;ukd ykdifqkdifcJhonf/ þpBuF0|mBuD;\
t&SifociftjzpfESihf rdrd\vkyfykdifcGihfrsm;ukdvnf; ukd,fawmfrawmif;qkd
cJhyg/ ukd,fawmfonf vlYobm0\ZdrfcHí oufawmifhoufom&Sdjcif;ukd
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;jzpfjcif;\ txl;tcGihftvrf;rsm;ukdvnf;aumif;
ab;z,fxm;í tjcm;olrsm;ukdrdrdxufykdí ta&;ygaomolrsm; tjzpf
pOf;pm;okH;oyfcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\
ocifbk&m;uJhokdY tvm;wl pdwfoabmxm;ukd cH,lMuzkdYpdefac:cJhonf/
rmefrmeaxmifvTm;jcif;onf tvGefqkd;0g;aomtjypf'kp½kduf
wpfckjzpfonf/ þt&monf pmwefESihf4if;\aumif;uifwrefrsm;ukd
vJNydKapcJhaom tjypf'kp½kdufjzpfonf/ rmefrmeaxmifvTm;jcif;onf
trSm;jyifay;jcif; (qkH;rjcif;) ukdem;axmifrnfr[kwfyg/ 4if;onf ukd,fh
ukd,fukd tjcm;olrsm;\txufwGif wifxm;NyD;? udk,fhukd,fukd tmom
qE´ajyapjcif;rSty toufwmwGifrnfonfh &nfrSef;csufrQr&Sdyg/
þt&monf bk&m;ocifurdrd\ EIwfuywfawmfü oGefoifay;xm;
csufrsm;tm;vkH;ESihf qefYusifaeygonf/ vlYrmew&m;onf bk&m;ocif
ESihf uREkfyfwkdYMum;ü t[efYtwm;wpfckjzpfNyD;? bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;
r*FvmjynfhpkHjcif;ukdvnf; wm;qD;xm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;
ocif\vufawmfütokH;0ifaomolrsm;jzpfvmzkdY bk&m;ocifu uREkfyf
wkdYukd pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcsapvkdonf/
El;nHhodrfarGUjcif;&Sdavm h(i,f 2)
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; El;nHhodrfarGUMuzkdYvnf;
pdefac:cJhonf/ El;nHhodrfarGUjcif;ukd enf;vrf;rsKd;pkHjzihf okH;oyfMunfhvQif
4if;onf pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcsjcif;oabm\ tjyifpnf;wpfckjzpfonf/ ESdrfhcs
jcif;onf pdwfESvkH;\ oabmxm;jzpfNyD; El;nhHodrfarGUjcif;onf ESdrfhcsaom
pdwfESvkH;rS rSteD;tem;&Sd vlwkdYukdwkefYjyefykHjzpfonf/ El;nHhodrfarGUjcif;
onf tjcm;olrsm;ukd rxdckdufapvkdaom pdwfESvkH;wpfckrS vmaomt&m
jzpfonf/ El;nHhodrfarGUaomyk*¾dKvfu þpum;vkH;rsm;ESihf vkyf&yfrsm;onf
olwpfyg;ukd pdwf"gwfjr§ifhwifay;onf? cGeftm;jzpfaponfukdvnf;
aumif;? zsufvkdzsufqD;vkyfonf? pdwf"mwfusaponfukd vnf;aumif;
aocsmap&eftxl;*½kpkdufí csifhcsdefwwfonf/ El;nHhodrfarGUjcif;onf
rdrd\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukd cspfjcif;arwåmESihfvnf;aumif;? oem;jcif;
u½kPmpdwfESihfvnf;aumif; jyKrlqufqHonf/ 4if;onf olwpfyg;ukd
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a&mufvmNyD;? cspfjcif;arwåmESihf MuifemrIjzihf wkefYjyefwwfonf/ 4if;onf
oGm;av&m&mü temNidrf;jcif;ESihfaumif;BuD;r*Fvmukd aqmif,lvm&ef
vufurf;ay;ygonf/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfu þEl;nHhodrfarGUjcif;
ukd uREkfyfwkdYüazmfaqmifvkdygonf/
wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;pdwf&Snfí? wpfOD;ukwpfOD;cspfjcif;arwåmü onf;cHMu
avmh (i,f 2)
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onf/ þae&mütokH;jyKxm;aom *&dpum;vkH;rSm ]]mokrothumia}}
jzpfonf/ þpum;vkH;onf pum;vkH;ESpfvkH;aygif;pyfxm;jcif;jzpfNyD;
qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;
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jcif;qkdonfrSm cufcJ½kef;uefjcif;toGifukdaqmifonf/ pdwf&Snfaom
aomolrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;\aumif;&maumif;usKd;twGuf vkdvkd
csifcsif'ku©cHMuonf/ pdwf&Snfaomolrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;u 4if;wkdYukd
jypfrSm;aomtcgü vufpm;acswkefYjyefrnfr[kwfyg/ olwkdYonf rdrdwkdY
cspf&aomolrsm;ukd pGefYypfoGm;Muvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg/ BuD;rm;aom&efvkd
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onf;cHBudK;yrf;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdYonf tjcm;olrsm;\ yuwdjynfhpkH
rIukd rarQmfvifhMuyg/ tjcm;olrsm;\ trSm;rsm;ukdaxG;ykdufay;í touf
&SifMuygonf/
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xkwfMuavmh (i,f 3)
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ trIawmfrsm;xJrSwpfckrSm c&pf
awmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü pnf;vkH;nDñGwfjcif;ukd zefwD;jcif;jzpfonf/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftvkyfvkyfaomae&mwGif tHhzG,faumif;aom
pnf;vkH;nDñGwfjcif;vnf;&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf tvkyfvkyf
aeaomae&mwGif pdwfoabmxm;uGJvGJrIrsm;onf t&nfaysmfoGm;í
a'goESihfrausrcsrf;jzpfjcif;wkdYrSm NidrfoufoGm;NyD; cGihfvTwfjcif;ukdom
&SmBuHMuonf/ ,cifu&SdcJhaom&efvkdrIrsm;onf ocifa,½I\emrawmf
jrwfü NydKuGJysufpD;oGm;NyD; qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm; rlvtwkdif;jyefjzpfvmMu
onf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü
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qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;tm; ,ciftajctaetwkdif; jyefjzpfvmapjcif;ukd
vnf;aumif; auseyftm;&awmfrlonf/ okdYaomf? uREkfyfwkdYonf Zmwd
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Edkifygonf/ uREkfyfonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\trIawmfukd ckcH
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ay;&efrSm uREkfyfwkdYtwGufjzpfEkdifacs&Sdaomt&mjzpfonf/
þae&mü {zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\ pdefac:
csufrSm 4if;wkdYonf Zmwdyuwdpdwf\tjypf&Sdaom vdkcsifawmifhwrIrsm;
wGifaoí bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmftm; 4if;wkdYtv,fü pnf;vkH;
nDñGwfjcif;ukd zefwD;cGihfjyK&efjzpfonf/ olwkdYonf wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD;
toifhtwifhaygif;azmfjcif; BudK;jzihfcsnfaESmifxm; Mu&rnfjzpfonf/
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jyefvnfoifhjrwfjcif;rS a&mufvmaomt&mjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Iu
uREkfyfwkdYukdcGihfvTwfcJhouJhokdY uREkfyfwkdYtm;jypfrSm;aomolrsm;ukdvnf;
vkdvkdvm;vm;cGihfvTwfay;aomtcgü þtoifhtwifhaygif;az:jcif;
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uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH; wlaeMuonf[k rqkdvkdyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf wpfOD;ESihf
wpfOD; tvGefuGJjym;jcm;em;aeEkdifMuygaomfvnf; ocifc&pfawmfukd
cspfjcif;? tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf cspfjcif;wdkYESihftwl
204 qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;
205
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aomolrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;\aumif;&maumif;usKd;twGuf vkdvkd
csifcsif'ku©cHMuonf/ pdwf&Snfaomolrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;u 4if;wkdYukd
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onf;cHBudK;yrf;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdYonf tjcm;olrsm;\ yuwdjynfhpkH
rIukd rarQmfvifhMuyg/ tjcm;olrsm;\ trSm;rsm;ukdaxG;ykdufay;í touf
&SifMuygonf/
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xkwfMuavmh (i,f 3)
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oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftvkyfvkyfaomae&mwGif tHhzG,faumif;aom
pnf;vkH;nDñGwfjcif;vnf;&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf tvkyfvkyf
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qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;tm; ,ciftajctaetwkdif; jyefjzpfvmapjcif;ukd
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yuwdpdwfukd jyKpktm;ay;aevQif xkdpnf;vkH;nDñGwfjcif;rSm ysufpD;oGm;
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wGifaoí bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmftm; 4if;wkdYtv,fü pnf;vkH;
nDñGwfjcif;ukd zefwD;cGihfjyK&efjzpfonf/ olwkdYonf wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD;
toifhtwifhaygif;azmfjcif; BudK;jzihfcsnfaESmifxm; Mu&rnfjzpfonf/
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jyefvnfoifhjrwfjcif;rS a&mufvmaomt&mjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Iu
uREkfyfwkdYukdcGihfvTwfcJhouJhokdY uREkfyfwkdYtm;jypfrSm;aomolrsm;ukdvnf;
vkdvkdvm;vm;cGihfvTwfay;aomtcgü þtoifhtwifhaygif;az:jcif;
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uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH; wlaeMuonf[k rqkdvkdyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf wpfOD;ESihf
wpfOD; tvGefuGJjym;jcm;em;aeEkdifMuygaomfvnf; ocifc&pfawmfukd
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204 qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;
205
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pm&if;jyKpkay;xm;onf/
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qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm210 211
ukd uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfMuonf/ ukd,fawmfonf rdrdESihfoufqkdifaomolrsm;
ukdaumif;uifbkHokdY aqmif,loGm;&efESihf rdrd\,ZfylaZmfcHcJhjcif;trIukd
jiif;y,faomolrsm;tm; w&m;pD&if&ef jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfht
aMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfMuonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;ESihfpyfqkdifaom þ
taMumif;t&mrsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonf ppfrSefaom,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpf
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;tjzpfvnf;aumif; aygif;pnf;
jcif;cHMu&onf/
AwådZHwpfyg;
&Sifaygvku AwådZHwpfyg;om&Sdonf[k ajymcJhonf/ ocifa,½I
ukd ,kHMunfvufcHaomolrsm;tm; AwådZHay;jcif;onf ueOD;toif;awmf
\tpOftvmwpfckjzpfonf/ AwådZHay;jcif;ukd crnf;awmf? om;awmf?
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\emrawmfü vkyfaqmifcJhMuonf/ tmaygvk?
&SifaygvkESihf &Sifayw½kwkdYonf AwåZHukday;cJhMuNyD;? xkdAwådZHay;jcif;ukd
ocifa,½I\emrawmfjrwfüay;í ukd,fawmf\rdefYrSmcsufwGif tajccH
cJhMuonf (róJ 28;19)/ &Sifaygvkay;aom AwådZHonf &Sifayw½kESihf
tmaygvkwkdYay;aom AwådZHESihftwlwljzpfonf/
1aum 1;13-14 wGif AwådZHay;jcif;onf toif;awmfukd
pdwf0rf;uGJapcJhaomt&mjzpfcJhonf/
c&pfawmfonf uGJjym;oavm/ aygvkonf oifwkdYtwGuf
vuf0g;uyfwkdifrSm taocHNyDavm/ okdYr[kwf oifwkdYonf
aygvk\emrü AwådZHukdcHMuNyDavm/ u&dyÜKESihf*g,krSwyg;?
oifwkdYwGif tb,foltm;rQ AwådZHukdigray;onfjzpfí bk&m;
ocif\ aus;Zl;awmf&Sdyg\/
wpfpkHwpfa,muftm; tjcm;olwpfa,mufu AwådZHay;vQif
xkdolwkdYu rdrdwkdYukd,fukd xkdAwådZHay;aomol\aemufvkduf wynfhrsm;
tjzpf ½IjrifcJhMuonf/ tvm;wlyif uREkfyffwkdY\ acwfumvwGifvnf;
toif;awmfwpfyg;ü AwådZHukdcH,lcJhaomolrsm;u ukd,fhukd,fukd
xkdtoif;awmf\aemufvkdufrsm;tjzpf ½IjrifaeMuonf/ þuJhokdYaom
tawG;tac:\rkdufrJrIukd &Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYtm; jyoay;aeygonf/
uREkfyfwkYdonf ESpfjcif;toif;awmf? y&ufpfAufaw;&D;,ef;toif;awmf?
yifawukawåtoif;awmfwkdY\ trnfemrü AwådZHrcHcJhMuyg/ uREkfyfwkdY
onf ocifa,½I\emrawmfüom AwådZHukdcH,lMuygonf/ AwådZHay;jcif;
tajrmuftrsm;r&Sdyg/ wpfyg;wnf;om&Sdonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH; ocif
a,½I\emrawmfü AwådZHukdcH,lcJhMuonf/
þae&mü &Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom AwådZHonf oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf\AwådZHcHjcif;ukd&nfñTef;onf[k ½IjrifokH;oyfMuaom
olrsm;&SdMuonf/ þAwådZHcHjcif;onf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu
,kHMunfolwpfa,muftm; u,fwifjcif;tBuHtpnfukd em;vnfoabm
ayguf&ef pGrf;aqmifay;jcif;? ocifc&pfawmfü topfaomtoufwm
ukday;jcif;? ukd,fawmf\tvkdawmfukd vkyfaqmif&ef vkyfykdifcGihftmPm
ay;tyfjcif;wkdYtwGuf xkdolwkdYtxJüvma&muf udef;0yfawmfrljcif;ukd
&nfñTef;onf[k ajymMuonf/ þtwkdif;omrSefcJhvQif? &Sifaygvkonf
{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYxHüu,fwifjcif;ukd aqmif,lvmí
qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm212 213
ocifc&pfawmfESihf 4if;wkdYtwl&SifoefavQmufvSrf;&mwGif 4if;wkYdukd
vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;aom 0dnmOfawmfwpfyg;wnf;om &SdaMumif;ukd
today;aecJh&ma&mufygonf/ wpfzefþt&monf pnf;vkH;nDñGwfjcif;
twGuf taMumif;t&if;jzpfcJhonf/
cyfodrf;aomigwkdY\tbjzpfaom bk&m;ocifwpfqlwnf;&Sdawmf
rl\/
or®musrf;pmu crnf;awmfbk&m;ocifwpfyg;wnf;om&Sd
aMumif;&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; oGefoifxm;ygonf/ þcrnf;awmfbk&m;
ocifonf cyfodrf;wkdY\txufü &Sdawmfrlonf/ ukd,fawmfwpfyg;wnf;
uomvQif bk&m;ocifjzpfonf/ ukd,fawmfxHü uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;
'l;axmufMu&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\uGJjym;aom oD;jcm;"r®t,l0g'rsm;ukd
'l;raxmufMuyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\xl;jcm;aom 0wfjyKukd;uG,fykHwkdYukd 'l;r
axmufMuyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf cyfodrf;wkdY\tbjzpfawmfrlaom bk&m;
ocifwpfyg;xHü 'l;axmufMuygonf/ tjcm;aom'l;axmufjcif; tm;vkH;
onf ½kyfwkukd;uG,fjcif;omjzpfonf/
xkdbk&m;ocifonf cyfodrf;aomt&mwkdYü ysHUESHYícyfodrf;aom
uREkfyfwkdYtxJü&Sdawmfrlonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þbk&m;ocifxHü ta<u;
wifaeMuonf/ uREkffyfwkdY\ESvkH;pnf;csuftm;vkH;ESihf uREkfyfwkYd\tqkwfrS
touf½IoHtm;vkH;twGuf ukd,fawmfhukdta<u;wifaeMuonf/ ukd,f
awmfomrygvQif uREkfyfwkdYwnf&SdcJhMurnfr[kwfyg/ touf&Sifjcif;ESihf
touf½Ijcif;twGuf ukd,fawmfukduREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH; rSDckdtm;xm;ae&rIü
uREkfyfwkdY twlwuGpnf;aESmifjcif;cHMu&onf/
þokdYajymqkdNyD;aemuf? &Sifaygvku {zufNrdKUrS,kHMunfolrsm;tm;
4if;wkdYonf (,k'vljzpfap? wyg;trsKd;jzpfap) tajccHjzpfwnfrIcsif;
tvGefwlnDMuaMumif;ukd oabmaygufxm;&ef pdefac:cJhonf/ olwkdYonf
rdrdwkdY\rwluGJjym;csufrsm;ukdom pl;pkdufíxkdrwluGJjym;csufrsm;tay:ü
tcsif;csif;wkdufckdufaeMurnfhtpm; cspfjcif;arwåmüvnf;aumif;?
pdwfESdrfhcsjcif;üvnf;aumif; pk½kH;ywfodkif;xm;í rdrdwkdYonf rdom;pk
wpfpktwGif;&Sd nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;jzpfaMumif;ukd od&SdaeMu&efvkdtyf
aMumif;ajymjycJhonf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocifxHü bkef;BuD;jcif;ukdaqmif
,lvm&ef[laom &nfrSef;csufwpfcktwGuf NydKifyGJ0ifaeaomtoif;wpf
oif;\toif;0ifrsm;jzpfMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumvü ppfrSef
aomtoif;awmfüvnf; þwpfvkH;wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;? pnf;vkH;nDñGwf
jcif;twGuf uREkfyfwkdYBudK;yrf;MuygrnfhtaMumif; qE´jyKygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
þtykdif;ü &Sifaygvkajymjyxm;onfh pdwfESdrfhcsjcif;ESihf El;nHh
odrfarGUjcif;ukd oihfnDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;tay:ü xm;&Sdyg
ovm;/ þpdwfaeoabmxm;ukd oifhtoufwmü rnfokdY ykdí
&Sif;vif;pGm ykHom"ujyoEkdifygrnfenf;/
uREkffyfwkdY\acwfumvrS ppfrSefaom,kHMunfolrsm;tMum;ü
pdwf0rf;uGJrIrsm;pGmukd uREkfyfwkdYawGUae&onfrSm tb,faMumihf
[koifxifygoenf;/ ,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf uREkfyfwkdYukd
qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm212 213
ocifc&pfawmfESihf 4if;wkdYtwl&SifoefavQmufvSrf;&mwGif 4if;wkYdukd
vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;aom 0dnmOfawmfwpfyg;wnf;om &SdaMumif;ukd
today;aecJh&ma&mufygonf/ wpfzefþt&monf pnf;vkH;nDñGwfjcif;
twGuf taMumif;t&if;jzpfcJhonf/
cyfodrf;aomigwkdY\tbjzpfaom bk&m;ocifwpfqlwnf;&Sdawmf
rl\/
or®musrf;pmu crnf;awmfbk&m;ocifwpfyg;wnf;om&Sd
aMumif;&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; oGefoifxm;ygonf/ þcrnf;awmfbk&m;
ocifonf cyfodrf;wkdY\txufü &Sdawmfrlonf/ ukd,fawmfwpfyg;wnf;
uomvQif bk&m;ocifjzpfonf/ ukd,fawmfxHü uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;
'l;axmufMu&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\uGJjym;aom oD;jcm;"r®t,l0g'rsm;ukd
'l;raxmufMuyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\xl;jcm;aom 0wfjyKukd;uG,fykHwkdYukd 'l;r
axmufMuyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf cyfodrf;wkdY\tbjzpfawmfrlaom bk&m;
ocifwpfyg;xHü 'l;axmufMuygonf/ tjcm;aom'l;axmufjcif; tm;vkH;
onf ½kyfwkukd;uG,fjcif;omjzpfonf/
xkdbk&m;ocifonf cyfodrf;aomt&mwkdYü ysHUESHYícyfodrf;aom
uREkfyfwkdYtxJü&Sdawmfrlonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þbk&m;ocifxHü ta<u;
wifaeMuonf/ uREkffyfwkdY\ESvkH;pnf;csuftm;vkH;ESihf uREkfyfwkYd\tqkwfrS
touf½IoHtm;vkH;twGuf ukd,fawmfhukdta<u;wifaeMuonf/ ukd,f
awmfomrygvQif uREkfyfwkdYwnf&SdcJhMurnfr[kwfyg/ touf&Sifjcif;ESihf
touf½Ijcif;twGuf ukd,fawmfukduREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH; rSDckdtm;xm;ae&rIü
uREkfyfwkdY twlwuGpnf;aESmifjcif;cHMu&onf/
þokdYajymqkdNyD;aemuf? &Sifaygvku {zufNrdKUrS,kHMunfolrsm;tm;
4if;wkdYonf (,k'vljzpfap? wyg;trsKd;jzpfap) tajccHjzpfwnfrIcsif;
tvGefwlnDMuaMumif;ukd oabmaygufxm;&ef pdefac:cJhonf/ olwkdYonf
rdrdwkdY\rwluGJjym;csufrsm;ukdom pl;pkdufíxkdrwluGJjym;csufrsm;tay:ü
tcsif;csif;wkdufckdufaeMurnfhtpm; cspfjcif;arwåmüvnf;aumif;?
pdwfESdrfhcsjcif;üvnf;aumif; pk½kH;ywfodkif;xm;í rdrdwkdYonf rdom;pk
wpfpktwGif;&Sd nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;jzpfaMumif;ukd od&SdaeMu&efvkdtyf
aMumif;ajymjycJhonf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocifxHü bkef;BuD;jcif;ukdaqmif
,lvm&ef[laom &nfrSef;csufwpfcktwGuf NydKifyGJ0ifaeaomtoif;wpf
oif;\toif;0ifrsm;jzpfMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumvü ppfrSef
aomtoif;awmfüvnf; þwpfvkH;wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;? pnf;vkH;nDñGwf
jcif;twGuf uREkfyfwkdYBudK;yrf;MuygrnfhtaMumif; qE´jyKygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
þtykdif;ü &Sifaygvkajymjyxm;onfh pdwfESdrfhcsjcif;ESihf El;nHh
odrfarGUjcif;ukd oihfnDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;tay:ü xm;&Sdyg
ovm;/ þpdwfaeoabmxm;ukd oifhtoufwmü rnfokdY ykdí
&Sif;vif;pGm ykHom"ujyoEkdifygrnfenf;/
uREkffyfwkdY\acwfumvrS ppfrSefaom,kHMunfolrsm;tMum;ü
pdwf0rf;uGJrIrsm;pGmukd uREkfyfwkdYawGUae&onfrSm tb,faMumihf
[koifxifygoenf;/ ,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf uREkfyfwkdYukd
qifhac:jcif;ESifhxkdufwefaom toufwmjzifh&Sifoefjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm214
rnfonfht&mu pdwf0rf;uGJaeapygoenf;/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;ESihf urÇmwpf0Srf;&Sd tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;ukd
wpfvkH;wpf0wnf;jzpfapaom &SifaygvkajymjycJhonfht&mrsm;
rSmtb,fenf;/
oifwkdY\toif;awmfonf oifwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;&Sd nDtpfr
toif;awmftwGuf pkd;&drfywfoufay;rI&Sdygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifhwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;rS tjcm;toif;awmftwGuf ocifbk&m;
ukdcsD;rGrf;zkdY tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ þtoif;awmfü bk&m;o
cifhaumif;BuD;r*Fvm\ taxmuftxm;&Sdygovm;/ xkdaumif;
BuD;r*FvmtwGuf ocifbk&m;ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ocifc&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨mawmf&Sd wpfvkH;wpf0wnf; jzpfjcif;
(pnf;vkH;nDñGwfjcif;) ukd qefYusifx<uvmaom tqD;twm;
rsm;ukd NydKcszsufqD;ay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukd awmif;avQmufyg/
c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmftwGuf omíeufeJaom pdk;&drfywf
oufrIwpfckukd ay;oem;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/ oihfteD;tem;
rSvlrsm;twGufocifa,½IuJhokdYaom pdwfESdrfhcsjcif;ESihf El;nHhodrf
arGUjcif;ukd oihftm;ay;oem;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
oifonf c&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨mawmfrStpdwftykdif;jzpfaejcif;
twGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ ukd,fawmfESihf
pyfqkdifaomolrsm;tm;vkH;ukd cspfEkdifzkdY oifhtm;ulnDrpay;&ef
awmif;avQmufyg/
1919
1919
19
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonfukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonfukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
{zuf 4;7-16 ukdzwf½Iyg/
aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;wGif wrefawmf&Sifaygvku
{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü wpfvkH;wpf0
wnf;jzpfjcif;? pnf;vkH;nDñGwfjcif;ukd BudK;yrf;azmfaqmifMuzkdY pdefac:
cJhonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf 4if;wkdYtm;vkH;ü bkHtjzpf&Sdxm;aom
0dnmOfa&;trSefjzpfwnfrIrsm;tm;vkH;ukd &Sifaygvkutoday;cJhonf/
þaemufykdif;wpfykdif;wGif &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY
onf c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü wpfvkH;wpf0wnf;(pnf;vkH;nDñGwf
jcif;)ukd tb,faMumihfBudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifzkdYvkdtyfaMumif; aemufxyf
taMumif;t&if; wpfckukday;cJhonf/ tcef;i,f 7 wGif&Sifaygvku
{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYwpfOD;csif;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;
jzpfMuonfESihftrQ txl;wvnf&Sdaom aus;Zl;awmfyrmPwpfckukd
&&SdcJhMuaMumif; today;cJhonf/ þae&mü &SifaygvktokH;jyKxm;onfh
aus;Zl;awmf[laom pum;vkH;onf *&dbmomwGif "charis" [laom
pum;vkH;jzpfonf/ þpum;vkH;ukd a&mr 12 ESihf 1aum 12 &Sdukd,fcE¨m
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm214
rnfonfht&mu pdwf0rf;uGJaeapygoenf;/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;ESihf urÇmwpf0Srf;&Sd tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;ukd
wpfvkH;wpf0wnf;jzpfapaom &SifaygvkajymjycJhonfht&mrsm;
rSmtb,fenf;/
oifwkdY\toif;awmfonf oifwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;&Sd nDtpfr
toif;awmftwGuf pkd;&drfywfoufay;rI&Sdygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifhwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;rS tjcm;toif;awmftwGuf ocifbk&m;
ukdcsD;rGrf;zkdY tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ þtoif;awmfü bk&m;o
cifhaumif;BuD;r*Fvm\ taxmuftxm;&Sdygovm;/ xkdaumif;
BuD;r*FvmtwGuf ocifbk&m;ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ocifc&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨mawmf&Sd wpfvkH;wpf0wnf; jzpfjcif;
(pnf;vkH;nDñGwfjcif;) ukd qefYusifx<uvmaom tqD;twm;
rsm;ukd NydKcszsufqD;ay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukd awmif;avQmufyg/
c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmftwGuf omíeufeJaom pdk;&drfywf
oufrIwpfckukd ay;oem;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/ oihfteD;tem;
rSvlrsm;twGufocifa,½IuJhokdYaom pdwfESdrfhcsjcif;ESihf El;nHhodrf
arGUjcif;ukd oihftm;ay;oem;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
oifonf c&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨mawmfrStpdwftykdif;jzpfaejcif;
twGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ ukd,fawmfESihf
pyfqkdifaomolrsm;tm;vkH;ukd cspfEkdifzkdY oifhtm;ulnDrpay;&ef
awmif;avQmufyg/
1919
1919
19
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonfukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonfukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
{zuf 4;7-16 ukdzwf½Iyg/
aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;wGif wrefawmf&Sifaygvku
{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü wpfvkH;wpf0
wnf;jzpfjcif;? pnf;vkH;nDñGwfjcif;ukd BudK;yrf;azmfaqmifMuzkdY pdefac:
cJhonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf 4if;wkdYtm;vkH;ü bkHtjzpf&Sdxm;aom
0dnmOfa&;trSefjzpfwnfrIrsm;tm;vkH;ukd &Sifaygvkutoday;cJhonf/
þaemufykdif;wpfykdif;wGif &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY
onf c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü wpfvkH;wpf0wnf;(pnf;vkH;nDñGwf
jcif;)ukd tb,faMumihfBudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifzkdYvkdtyfaMumif; aemufxyf
taMumif;t&if; wpfckukday;cJhonf/ tcef;i,f 7 wGif&Sifaygvku
{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYwpfOD;csif;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;
jzpfMuonfESihftrQ txl;wvnf&Sdaom aus;Zl;awmfyrmPwpfckukd
&&SdcJhMuaMumif; today;cJhonf/ þae&mü &SifaygvktokH;jyKxm;onfh
aus;Zl;awmf[laom pum;vkH;onf *&dbmomwGif "charis" [laom
pum;vkH;jzpfonf/ þpum;vkH;ukd a&mr 12 ESihf 1aum 12 &Sdukd,fcE¨m
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm216 217ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
awmfü bk&m;ocifay;a0cJhaom 0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm; taMumif;
ukdajymjy&mwGifvnf; tokH;jyKcJhonf/ þae&mwGifvnf; {zuftoif;
om;rsm;tm; ocifbk&m;uay;oem;cJhonfh 0dnmOf pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;
rsm;ukd &SifaygvkajymqkdaeaMumif; usrf;abmiftoGm;tvmt& xif&Sm;
aeygonf (i,f 11)/
bk&m;ocifonf toif;awmf&Sd xl;jcm;aomtcef;u@wpfck
pDudk wpfOD;csifu&,lvkyfaqmif Ekdif&efpGrf;aqmifay;onfh oD;oefY &nf
&G,fxm;aom pGrf;&nfqkqus;Zl;rsm;ukd rdrdukd,fcE¨mawmfrS toif;0if
wpfOD;csif;xHüay;cJhaMumif; &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
ajymjycJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif&nf&G,fxm;ouJhokdY vIyf&Sm;
vnfywfEkdif&ef wpfOD;udkwpfOD;vkdtyfaeMuonf/ bk&m;ocifu
þukdf,fcE¨mawmfukd txJrStoif;0ifrsm;u wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;rSDckdtm;xm;
&onfh ykHpHjzihf zefwD;cJhonf/ þt&monf wpfvkH;wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;
(pnf;vkH;nDñGwfjcif;)ukd &SmBuH&mü vufawGUusaomwkdufwGef;tm;ay;rI
wpfckjzpfonf/ þpdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfjcif;ESihf pDpOfzGJUpnf;rIr&SdvQif
ukd,fcE¨mawmfonf y&rf;ywmtajctaeESihf tm;enf;aeygvdrfhrnf/
þtcsufudk om"ujzihfykHaqmifjyo&ef wrefawmfBuD;u uREkfyfwkdY\
ocifbk&m;txufaumif;uif&yfokdYcsD<ujcif;? xkdokdYoGm;pOfwGif zrf;xm;
aomolrsm;ukdaqmif,loGm;jcif;? rdrd\vlwkdYtm; qkvm'frsm;ukday;jcif;
ponfwkdY\pmyef;csDtjzpf qmvH 68 rSusrf;csufukd tokH;jyKcJhonf/
þae&müjc,foxm;aompmyef;csDonf atmifEkdifolAdkvfcsKyfBuD; wpfOD;
urdrd\aemufü BudK;jzihfcsnfaESmifí oHajcusif;cwfcHxm;&aom &efol
wpfwef;BuD;ESihftwl tdrfjyefvmaeonfhykHjzpfonf/ vlxkBuD;u vrf;w
zufwcsufpDüpDwef;í rdrdwkdY\atmifyGJcHrif;BuD; tdrfjyeftvmukdMunfh
½IMu&mwGif tvGefBuD;rm;om csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;wkdY
&Sdaeygonf/
þonfrSm ocifa,½Iu uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf vkyfaqmifoGm;cJh
aomt&mjzpfonf/ ukd,fawmfonf þurÇmajrokdY <uqif;vmcJhNyD;
txufrkd;aumif;uift&yfrS &efolrsm;ukdqefYusifí 0dnmOfwkdufyGJETJcJh
onf/ um;wkdifxufü taocHjcif;jzihf ukd,fawmfonfxkd&efolrsm;ukd
tEkdif,lcJhNyD;? atmifEkdifol ol&Jaumif;wpfOD;tjzpfESihf aumif;uifbkHokdY
jyefvnf<uoGm;cJhonf/ þpmyef;csDü uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUzkdY vkdtyfonfh
tjcm;ta&;BuD;aomtcsufwpfcsuf&Sdonf/ zrf;qD;rdaom&efolrsm;ukd
aemufü pDwef;vkdufavQmufapvQuf jyefvmaomatmifEkdifol ol&J
aumif;tjzpfESihf ukd,fawmf&Sifu ½IH;edrfhol&efolrsm;xHrS odrf;qnf;cJh
aompnf;pdrfOpömrsm;udk rdrd\vlwkdYxHüoGef;avmif;cJhygonf/ &efol
tay:üukd,fawmf&Sif\atmifEkdifjcif;aMumifh uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; ocif
a,½IxHrS qkvm'frsm;ukdvufcH&&SdMu&ygonf/ þqkvm'f (vuf
aqmif) rsm;onf oabmobm0t& ½kyfykdif;qkdif&mvufaqmifrsm;
r[kwfMuyg/ 0dnmOfa&; vufaqmifrsm;jzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 9 wGif&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
þatmifjrifjcif;jzpfay:vmEdkifzkdY ocifa,½Ic&pfonf ajrBuD;atmuf
t&yfokdY qif;oufawmfrlcJhaMumif; ajymjycJhonf/ þt&monf em;vnf
zdkYcufcJonf/ &Sifaygvku ocifa,½Ic&pfonf ajrBuD;atmuft&yfokdY
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm216 217ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
awmfü bk&m;ocifay;a0cJhaom 0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm; taMumif;
ukdajymjy&mwGifvnf; tokH;jyKcJhonf/ þae&mwGifvnf; {zuftoif;
om;rsm;tm; ocifbk&m;uay;oem;cJhonfh 0dnmOf pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;
rsm;ukd &SifaygvkajymqkdaeaMumif; usrf;abmiftoGm;tvmt& xif&Sm;
aeygonf (i,f 11)/
bk&m;ocifonf toif;awmf&Sd xl;jcm;aomtcef;u@wpfck
pDudk wpfOD;csifu&,lvkyfaqmif Ekdif&efpGrf;aqmifay;onfh oD;oefY &nf
&G,fxm;aom pGrf;&nfqkqus;Zl;rsm;ukd rdrdukd,fcE¨mawmfrS toif;0if
wpfOD;csif;xHüay;cJhaMumif; &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
ajymjycJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif&nf&G,fxm;ouJhokdY vIyf&Sm;
vnfywfEkdif&ef wpfOD;udkwpfOD;vkdtyfaeMuonf/ bk&m;ocifu
þukdf,fcE¨mawmfukd txJrStoif;0ifrsm;u wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;rSDckdtm;xm;
&onfh ykHpHjzihf zefwD;cJhonf/ þt&monf wpfvkH;wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;
(pnf;vkH;nDñGwfjcif;)ukd &SmBuH&mü vufawGUusaomwkdufwGef;tm;ay;rI
wpfckjzpfonf/ þpdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfjcif;ESihf pDpOfzGJUpnf;rIr&SdvQif
ukd,fcE¨mawmfonf y&rf;ywmtajctaeESihf tm;enf;aeygvdrfhrnf/
þtcsufudk om"ujzihfykHaqmifjyo&ef wrefawmfBuD;u uREkfyfwkdY\
ocifbk&m;txufaumif;uif&yfokdYcsD<ujcif;? xkdokdYoGm;pOfwGif zrf;xm;
aomolrsm;ukdaqmif,loGm;jcif;? rdrd\vlwkdYtm; qkvm'frsm;ukday;jcif;
ponfwkdY\pmyef;csDtjzpf qmvH 68 rSusrf;csufukd tokH;jyKcJhonf/
þae&müjc,foxm;aompmyef;csDonf atmifEkdifolAdkvfcsKyfBuD; wpfOD;
urdrd\aemufü BudK;jzihfcsnfaESmifí oHajcusif;cwfcHxm;&aom &efol
wpfwef;BuD;ESihftwl tdrfjyefvmaeonfhykHjzpfonf/ vlxkBuD;u vrf;w
zufwcsufpDüpDwef;í rdrdwkdY\atmifyGJcHrif;BuD; tdrfjyeftvmukdMunfh
½IMu&mwGif tvGefBuD;rm;om csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;wkdY
&Sdaeygonf/
þonfrSm ocifa,½Iu uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf vkyfaqmifoGm;cJh
aomt&mjzpfonf/ ukd,fawmfonf þurÇmajrokdY <uqif;vmcJhNyD;
txufrkd;aumif;uift&yfrS &efolrsm;ukdqefYusifí 0dnmOfwkdufyGJETJcJh
onf/ um;wkdifxufü taocHjcif;jzihf ukd,fawmfonfxkd&efolrsm;ukd
tEkdif,lcJhNyD;? atmifEkdifol ol&Jaumif;wpfOD;tjzpfESihf aumif;uifbkHokdY
jyefvnf<uoGm;cJhonf/ þpmyef;csDü uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUzkdY vkdtyfonfh
tjcm;ta&;BuD;aomtcsufwpfcsuf&Sdonf/ zrf;qD;rdaom&efolrsm;ukd
aemufü pDwef;vkdufavQmufapvQuf jyefvmaomatmifEkdifol ol&J
aumif;tjzpfESihf ukd,fawmf&Sifu ½IH;edrfhol&efolrsm;xHrS odrf;qnf;cJh
aompnf;pdrfOpömrsm;udk rdrd\vlwkdYxHüoGef;avmif;cJhygonf/ &efol
tay:üukd,fawmf&Sif\atmifEkdifjcif;aMumifh uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; ocif
a,½IxHrS qkvm'frsm;ukdvufcH&&SdMu&ygonf/ þqkvm'f (vuf
aqmif) rsm;onf oabmobm0t& ½kyfykdif;qkdif&mvufaqmifrsm;
r[kwfMuyg/ 0dnmOfa&; vufaqmifrsm;jzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 9 wGif&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
þatmifjrifjcif;jzpfay:vmEdkifzkdY ocifa,½Ic&pfonf ajrBuD;atmuf
t&yfokdY qif;oufawmfrlcJhaMumif; ajymjycJhonf/ þt&monf em;vnf
zdkYcufcJonf/ &Sifaygvku ocifa,½Ic&pfonf ajrBuD;atmuft&yfokdY
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
qif;oufawmfrlcJhonf[k ajymqkd&mwGifrnfonfht&mukd qkdvkdcJhygo
enf;/ jzpfEkdifacstrsdKrsKd;&Sdonf/ yxrtaejzihf? ajrBuD;atmuft&yfokdY
[laomþ&nfñTef;csufonf ocifa,½Iu tjypf'kp½dkufESihf pmwef
tay:üatmifEkdifjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;ay;&ef aumif;uifbkHukd pGefYí
þurÇmajrokdY<uqif;vmjcif;ukd qkdvkdonf[k ajymaomolrsm;&Sdonf/
tjcm;olrsm;uvnf; þpum;pkonf ocsØKif;ukd&nfñTef;onf[k ,kHMunf
Muonf/ pmwefESihftjypf'kp½kduftay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukd &,lzkdY&ef
tvkdUiSg ocifa,½Ionfum;wkdifxufü taocHawmfrlí ajrBuD;\
tedrfhqkH;tykdif;rsm;okdY qif;oufawmfrlcJhonf/ qkdvkdonfrSm ocsØKif;ü
jr§KyfESHoN*dKvfcH&onf[líjzpfonf/ tjcm;tBuHjyKcsufwpfckrSm
þpum;pk (ajrBuD;atmuft&yf) onf uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf'kp½kdufaMumifh
ocifa,½Iqif;ouf oGm;cJhaomty,fi&Jukd &nfñTef;onf[líjzpfonf
(1ay 3;18-20 ukdMunfhyg)/
þpum;pkukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYyifteufzGihfjyefqkdaeMuygap?
uREkfyfwkdYonf aemufqkH;wGif ed*kH;csKyfwpfckpDoma&mufoGm;Muonf/
xkdt&mrSm ocifa,½Ionf tjypf'kp½kdufukdvnf;aumif; pmwefukd
vnf;aumif;? aojcif;ukdvnf;aumif;? ty,fi&Jukdvnf;aumif; atmif
EkdifcJhonf/ ukd,fawmfonf aumif;uifbkH&Sd crnf;awmfxHokdYjyefoGm;
onfESihftrQ þ&efolrsm;tm;vkH;ukd csnfaESmifíoHacsusif;cwfxm;
cJhonf/ ukd,fawmf&Sif\tHhzG,faumif;í t<uif;rJhjynfhpkHaom atmifEkdif
jcif;aMumifh zefqif;xm;aom t&mcyfodrf;\txufwGif udef;0yfpkd;pH
&ef aumif;uifbkHokdY jyefoGm;cJhonf/ ,ckwGifukd,fawmf&Sif\ bkef;tmEk
abmfonf urÇmBuD;wpfckvkH;ukd NcHKvTrf;xm;onf/ ty,fi&J\wHcg;
onfyif ukd,fawmf&Sif\ t&Sifocifjzpfjcif;ukd 0efcHtyfESH&ef wGef;tm;
ay;cHcJh&onf/
rdrd\toif;awmfxHodkY trsKd;rsKd;aomqkvm'f(vufaqmif)rsm;
ukday;aomolrSm þatmifEkdifolocifa,½Iyifjzpfonf/ ukd,fawmfonf
rdrdatmifEkdifcJhaom tiftm;pkrsm;tay:ü atmifatmifjrifjriftEkdif
&cJhjcif;twGuf rdrd\ukd,fpm;jyKrsm;tjzpfESifh toif;awmfukdapvTwfcJh
onf/ þtykdif;twGif &SifaygvkupGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ig;rsKd;ukd jyKpkaz:jy
ay;xm;onf/ 4if;wkdYkukdtrSeftm;jzihf pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;[k ac:aomf
vnf;? toif;awmf&SdrwluGJjym;aom tvkyfXmersm;tjzpfuREkfyfwkdY½Ijrif
Ekdifygonf/ ocifc&pfawmfu toif;awmfxHü pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;
tjzpfay;tyfcJhaom rwluGJjym;onfh þtvkyfXmersm;ukd twkdcsKH;íavh
vmMunfhMuygpkdY/
wrefawmfrsm;
azmfjyxm;aomtvkyfXmersm;xJrS yxrqkH;wpfckrSm wref
awmfwkdY\ tvkyfXmejzpfonf/ þt&monf toif;awmfübk&m;ocif
u&Sifaygvkukd qifhac:íaqmif&GufapcJhaom tcef;u@jzpfonf/
tjcm;wrefawmfq,fhESpfyg;vnf; &SdcJhonf (ródonf ,k'&Sum½kwfukd
tpm;xkd;&efa&G;cs,fjcif;cHcJh&onf/ wrefawmf 1;12;23)/ þyk*¾dKvf
rsm;onf toif;awmfukd wnfaxmifaomolrsm;tjzpfESihf bk&m;ocif\
qifhac:jcif;ukd cHcJhMu&onf/ olwkdYonf ocifa,½Iuukd,fwkdifukd,fus
218 219
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
qif;oufawmfrlcJhonf[k ajymqkd&mwGifrnfonfht&mukd qkdvkdcJhygo
enf;/ jzpfEkdifacstrsdKrsKd;&Sdonf/ yxrtaejzihf? ajrBuD;atmuft&yfokdY
[laomþ&nfñTef;csufonf ocifa,½Iu tjypf'kp½dkufESihf pmwef
tay:üatmifEkdifjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;ay;&ef aumif;uifbkHukd pGefYí
þurÇmajrokdY<uqif;vmjcif;ukd qkdvkdonf[k ajymaomolrsm;&Sdonf/
tjcm;olrsm;uvnf; þpum;pkonf ocsØKif;ukd&nfñTef;onf[k ,kHMunf
Muonf/ pmwefESihftjypf'kp½kduftay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukd &,lzkdY&ef
tvkdUiSg ocifa,½Ionfum;wkdifxufü taocHawmfrlí ajrBuD;\
tedrfhqkH;tykdif;rsm;okdY qif;oufawmfrlcJhonf/ qkdvkdonfrSm ocsØKif;ü
jr§KyfESHoN*dKvfcH&onf[líjzpfonf/ tjcm;tBuHjyKcsufwpfckrSm
þpum;pk (ajrBuD;atmuft&yf) onf uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf'kp½kdufaMumifh
ocifa,½Iqif;ouf oGm;cJhaomty,fi&Jukd &nfñTef;onf[líjzpfonf
(1ay 3;18-20 ukdMunfhyg)/
þpum;pkukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYyifteufzGihfjyefqkdaeMuygap?
uREkfyfwkdYonf aemufqkH;wGif ed*kH;csKyfwpfckpDoma&mufoGm;Muonf/
xkdt&mrSm ocifa,½Ionf tjypf'kp½kdufukdvnf;aumif; pmwefukd
vnf;aumif;? aojcif;ukdvnf;aumif;? ty,fi&Jukdvnf;aumif; atmif
EkdifcJhonf/ ukd,fawmfonf aumif;uifbkH&Sd crnf;awmfxHokdYjyefoGm;
onfESihftrQ þ&efolrsm;tm;vkH;ukd csnfaESmifíoHacsusif;cwfxm;
cJhonf/ ukd,fawmf&Sif\tHhzG,faumif;í t<uif;rJhjynfhpkHaom atmifEkdif
jcif;aMumifh zefqif;xm;aom t&mcyfodrf;\txufwGif udef;0yfpkd;pH
&ef aumif;uifbkHokdY jyefoGm;cJhonf/ ,ckwGifukd,fawmf&Sif\ bkef;tmEk
abmfonf urÇmBuD;wpfckvkH;ukd NcHKvTrf;xm;onf/ ty,fi&J\wHcg;
onfyif ukd,fawmf&Sif\ t&Sifocifjzpfjcif;ukd 0efcHtyfESH&ef wGef;tm;
ay;cHcJh&onf/
rdrd\toif;awmfxHodkY trsKd;rsKd;aomqkvm'f(vufaqmif)rsm;
ukday;aomolrSm þatmifEkdifolocifa,½Iyifjzpfonf/ ukd,fawmfonf
rdrdatmifEkdifcJhaom tiftm;pkrsm;tay:ü atmifatmifjrifjriftEkdif
&cJhjcif;twGuf rdrd\ukd,fpm;jyKrsm;tjzpfESifh toif;awmfukdapvTwfcJh
onf/ þtykdif;twGif &SifaygvkupGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ig;rsKd;ukd jyKpkaz:jy
ay;xm;onf/ 4if;wkdYkukdtrSeftm;jzihf pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;[k ac:aomf
vnf;? toif;awmf&SdrwluGJjym;aom tvkyfXmersm;tjzpfuREkfyfwkdY½Ijrif
Ekdifygonf/ ocifc&pfawmfu toif;awmfxHü pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;
tjzpfay;tyfcJhaom rwluGJjym;onfh þtvkyfXmersm;ukd twkdcsKH;íavh
vmMunfhMuygpkdY/
wrefawmfrsm;
azmfjyxm;aomtvkyfXmersm;xJrS yxrqkH;wpfckrSm wref
awmfwkdY\ tvkyfXmejzpfonf/ þt&monf toif;awmfübk&m;ocif
u&Sifaygvkukd qifhac:íaqmif&GufapcJhaom tcef;u@jzpfonf/
tjcm;wrefawmfq,fhESpfyg;vnf; &SdcJhonf (ródonf ,k'&Sum½kwfukd
tpm;xkd;&efa&G;cs,fjcif;cHcJh&onf/ wrefawmf 1;12;23)/ þyk*¾dKvf
rsm;onf toif;awmfukd wnfaxmifaomolrsm;tjzpfESihf bk&m;ocif\
qifhac:jcif;ukd cHcJhMu&onf/ olwkdYonf ocifa,½Iuukd,fwkdifukd,fus
218 219
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm220 221
ay;cJhaom or®mw&m;ukd vufqihfurf;a0iS&eftwGuf trsm;ESihfrwl
aomenf;vrf;jzihf pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ukd &&SdcJhMuonf/ wrefawmfwpfyg;
jzpfjcif;twGuf vkdtyfaomt&nftcsif;rSm olonfocifa,½I
þavmuütouf&SifpOfwGif ukd,fawmfjrwfESihfukd,fwkdiftwlaexkdif
cJhaom oljzpf&rnfjzpfonf/ olwkdYonf ukd,fawmf&Sif &Sifjyefxajrmuf
jcif;ukd rsufjrifawGU&SdcJholrsm;jzpf&rnf (wrefawmf 1;22)/ ueOD;
toif;awmfonf 4if;wkdY\oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd ocifa,½IESihf bk&m;
ocif\0dnmOfawmfwkdYrS wrefawmfrsm;xHokdY rSefuefwduspGm vufqihf
urf;ay;cJhaom oGefoifcsufrsm;wGif tajccHcJhMuonf (wrefawmf
2;42)/ wrefawmfrsm;onf toif;awmfukd wnfaxmifcJhaomolrsm;
jzpfMuonf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\vkyfykdifcGihfftmPmay;rIESihf vrf;jyrI
atmufwGif ckdifcHhrmausmaom ajcukyfwpfckay:ü toif;awmfukd
wnfaxmifí zGJUpnf;cJhMuonf/
ya&mzufrsm;
ueOD;toif;awmf&Sd 'kwd,tvkyfXmerSm ya&mzufwkdY\
tvkyfXmejzpfonf/ ya&mzuf\tcef;u@rSm bk&m;ocif\EIwfu
ywfawmfukd bk&m;ocif\vlwkdYxHokdY aqmif,lvmay;jcif;jzpfonf/
olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ukd,fpm; pum;ajymcJhMuonf/ or®musrf;pmü
awGU&aomya&mzufjyKcsuftrsm;pkonf tem*wftaMumif;ukd BudKwif
a[mudef;xkwfjcif;r[kwfMuyg/ xkdya&mzufjyKcJhaomtcsdefumv&Sd vlwkdY
xHokdY ajymqkdcJhaombk&m;ocif\ owfowfrSwfrSwf&Sdaom EIwfuywf
awmfomjzpfonf/ ya&mzufrsm;onf rdrdwkdYaexkdifaeMuaom ,Ofaus;
rItpOftvmBuD;xHü bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd ajymMum;&ef
twGufvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\pdwfESvkH;ukd azmfxkwfjyo&ef
twGufvnf;aumif; bk&m;ocif\xl;jcm;aompGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ay;
jcif;ukd cHxm;Muonf/ olwkdYonf oGefoifay;olq&mrsm;ESihf uGJjym;
jcm;em;Muonf/ xkdjcm;em;csufrSm ya&mzufrsm;\t"dutrIxm;p&m
udpörSm EIwfuywfawmfukd pepfwusoGefoifay;jcif;r[kwf? bk&m;ocif
\FEIwfuywfawmfukd ppfrSefaomvufawGUb0tajctaersm;ü ajym
Mum;jcif;jzpfonf/
,aeYwGif þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü quf
vufí taotcsmvkdtyfvQuf &Sdaeygonf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf
\rIwfoGif;aphaqmfrIatmufü ya&mzufrsm;onf tjypf'kp½kdufukd
azmfjyjcif;? ESpfodrfhay;jcif;? cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;jcif;wkdYukdvnf;aumif;?
ocifbk&m;u ,kHMunfolrsm;\ pdwfESvkH;üoGwfoGif;xm;aom EIwfuywf
awmftm;jzihf toif;awmfukd pdwf"gwf? pm&dwåwnfaqmufjr§ifhwifay;
jcif;ukdvnf;aumif; aqmif,lvmMuygonf (1aum 14;3 ukdMunfhyg)/
okdYaomf? ya&mzufjyKaom w&m;a[mq&m(okdY) oGefoifay;olq&m
wkdif;\pum;vkH;rsm;onf or®musrf;pmüxkwfazmfjyoxm;aom
bk&m;ocif\rIwfoGif;jcif;cH EIwfuywfawmfrsm;ukd vkdufemMu&rnfjzpf
aMumif; þae&mwGifaz:jyvkdygonf/ or®musrf;pmESihf &Sif;&Sif;
vif;vif; qDavsmftyfpyfrIr&Sdaom rnfonfhya&mzufjyKcsufukdrqkd
rSm;,Gif;aom t&mtjzpfESihf jiif;y,f&rnfjzpfonf/
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm220 221
ay;cJhaom or®mw&m;ukd vufqihfurf;a0iS&eftwGuf trsm;ESihfrwl
aomenf;vrf;jzihf pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ukd &&SdcJhMuonf/ wrefawmfwpfyg;
jzpfjcif;twGuf vkdtyfaomt&nftcsif;rSm olonfocifa,½I
þavmuütouf&SifpOfwGif ukd,fawmfjrwfESihfukd,fwkdiftwlaexkdif
cJhaom oljzpf&rnfjzpfonf/ olwkdYonf ukd,fawmf&Sif &Sifjyefxajrmuf
jcif;ukd rsufjrifawGU&SdcJholrsm;jzpf&rnf (wrefawmf 1;22)/ ueOD;
toif;awmfonf 4if;wkdY\oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd ocifa,½IESihf bk&m;
ocif\0dnmOfawmfwkdYrS wrefawmfrsm;xHokdY rSefuefwduspGm vufqihf
urf;ay;cJhaom oGefoifcsufrsm;wGif tajccHcJhMuonf (wrefawmf
2;42)/ wrefawmfrsm;onf toif;awmfukd wnfaxmifcJhaomolrsm;
jzpfMuonf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\vkyfykdifcGihfftmPmay;rIESihf vrf;jyrI
atmufwGif ckdifcHhrmausmaom ajcukyfwpfckay:ü toif;awmfukd
wnfaxmifí zGJUpnf;cJhMuonf/
ya&mzufrsm;
ueOD;toif;awmf&Sd 'kwd,tvkyfXmerSm ya&mzufwkdY\
tvkyfXmejzpfonf/ ya&mzuf\tcef;u@rSm bk&m;ocif\EIwfu
ywfawmfukd bk&m;ocif\vlwkdYxHokdY aqmif,lvmay;jcif;jzpfonf/
olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ukd,fpm; pum;ajymcJhMuonf/ or®musrf;pmü
awGU&aomya&mzufjyKcsuftrsm;pkonf tem*wftaMumif;ukd BudKwif
a[mudef;xkwfjcif;r[kwfMuyg/ xkdya&mzufjyKcJhaomtcsdefumv&Sd vlwkdY
xHokdY ajymqkdcJhaombk&m;ocif\ owfowfrSwfrSwf&Sdaom EIwfuywf
awmfomjzpfonf/ ya&mzufrsm;onf rdrdwkdYaexkdifaeMuaom ,Ofaus;
rItpOftvmBuD;xHü bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd ajymMum;&ef
twGufvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\pdwfESvkH;ukd azmfxkwfjyo&ef
twGufvnf;aumif; bk&m;ocif\xl;jcm;aompGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ay;
jcif;ukd cHxm;Muonf/ olwkdYonf oGefoifay;olq&mrsm;ESihf uGJjym;
jcm;em;Muonf/ xkdjcm;em;csufrSm ya&mzufrsm;\t"dutrIxm;p&m
udpörSm EIwfuywfawmfukd pepfwusoGefoifay;jcif;r[kwf? bk&m;ocif
\FEIwfuywfawmfukd ppfrSefaomvufawGUb0tajctaersm;ü ajym
Mum;jcif;jzpfonf/
,aeYwGif þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü quf
vufí taotcsmvkdtyfvQuf &Sdaeygonf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf
\rIwfoGif;aphaqmfrIatmufü ya&mzufrsm;onf tjypf'kp½kdufukd
azmfjyjcif;? ESpfodrfhay;jcif;? cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;jcif;wkdYukdvnf;aumif;?
ocifbk&m;u ,kHMunfolrsm;\ pdwfESvkH;üoGwfoGif;xm;aom EIwfuywf
awmftm;jzihf toif;awmfukd pdwf"gwf? pm&dwåwnfaqmufjr§ifhwifay;
jcif;ukdvnf;aumif; aqmif,lvmMuygonf (1aum 14;3 ukdMunfhyg)/
okdYaomf? ya&mzufjyKaom w&m;a[mq&m(okdY) oGefoifay;olq&m
wkdif;\pum;vkH;rsm;onf or®musrf;pmüxkwfazmfjyoxm;aom
bk&m;ocif\rIwfoGif;jcif;cH EIwfuywfawmfrsm;ukd vkdufemMu&rnfjzpf
aMumif; þae&mwGifaz:jyvkdygonf/ or®musrf;pmESihf &Sif;&Sif;
vif;vif; qDavsmftyfpyfrIr&Sdaom rnfonfhya&mzufjyKcsufukdrqkd
rSm;,Gif;aom t&mtjzpfESihf jiif;y,f&rnfjzpfonf/
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm222 223
omoemjyKq&mrsm;
þae&mü azmfjyxm;onfh wwd,ajrmuftvkyfXmerSm
omoemjyKq&mrsm;\ tvkyfXmejzpfonf/ {0Ha*vdq&m\tvkyfonf
tjypf'kp½kdufü qufvufusifvnfaeMuaomolrsm;xHü {0Ha*vd
(owif;aumif;)w&m;awmf\ or®mw&m;ukd xkwfazmfajymMum;jcif;ESihf
oufqkdifonfrSm txift&Sm;yifjzpfonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf u,f
wifjcif;w&m;a'oemukd vlwkdYuwkefYjyefí rdrdwkdY\toufwmukd
u,fwifykdif&SifxHü qufuyftyfESHMurnfh enf;vrf;jzihf ½kd;&Sif;aom
u,fwifjcif;w&m;a'oemukd xkwfazmfajymMum;&ef bk&m;ocif\
pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ay;tyfjcif;ukd cHxm;Muonf/ þt&monf c&pfawmf
\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfaom pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;wpfyg;jzpf
onf/
oif;tkyfrsm;
toif;awmfxHü pwkw¬ajrmufay;tyfxm;aom tvkyfXmerSm
oif;tkyftvkyfXmejzpfonf/ oif;tkyf\tcef;u@rSm owfowf
rSwfrSwf&Sdaom ,kHMunfolwpfpkukd Munfh½Iapmifha&Smufjcif;jzpfonf/
oif;tkyfonf þt&mukd rwluGJJjym;aom enf;vrf;rsm;pGmjzihf
aqmif&Gufygonf/ oif;tkyfonf ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd xdckdufrIrsm;rSum
uG,fay;í? xdcdkuf'Pf&m&aomtcg jyefvnfusef;rmvmzkdY jyKpk
apmifha&Smufay;um ocifbk&m;ü qufvufíBuD;xGm;&ifhusufvmzkdY
0dnmOfa&; tm[m&"gwfukd rjywfwrf;auR;arG;ay;ygonf/ oif;tkyf
onf trsm;tm;jzihf a'oEÅ&vltkyfpkwpfpkukd Munfh½Iapmifha&Smuf
&onf/ oif;tkyf\tcef;u@onf tjcm;Xmetm;vkH;xuf tvkyftrsKd;
tpm; tpkHvifqHk;jzpfonf/ oif;tkyfonf rdrd\okd;pkukd Munfh½I
apmifha&Smuf&rnfqdkvQif olonftrsKd;rsKd;aom (omoemjyKq&m?
oGefoifay;olq&m? tBuHjyKESpfodrfhay;ol? pDrHtkyfcsKyfolponfh) tcef;
u@rsm;pGmukd &,lxrf;aqmif &rnfjzpfonf/ oif;tkyf\t"dutrI
xm;p&mudpörSm ,kHMunfolrsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;xm;aom oD;oefYtkyfpkwpfpkukd
4if;wkdYonf ocifa,½IESihf qufqH&if;ESD;rIü avQmufvSrf;&Sifoefí
BuD;xGm;vmaeMuaMumif;ukdaocsmap&ef 4if;wkdYukdMunfh½Iapmifha&Smuf
ay;jcif;jzpfonf/
q&mrsm;(oGefoifay;olrsm;)
þae&mü aemufqkH;azmfjyxm;aomtvkyfXmerSm q&m(oGef
oifay;ol) ESifpyfqkdifaomtvkyfXmejzpfonf/ (oGefoifay;ol)q&m\
tcef;u@rSm or®musrf;pm\or®mw&m;rsm;ukd em;vnfoabmayguf
Muí a,bl,stm;jzihf toufwmü&,lusihfokH;MurnfhtaMumif;
xkdor®mw&m;rsm;ukd &Sif;jyay;jcif;jzpfonf/ vlwkdYonf oGefoifay;ol
q&mwpfa,muf\ a[majymykdYcsjcif;trIawmfukd em,laomtcg olwkdY
onf or®musrf;pmtm; ykdíeufeJpGmem;vnfoabmaygufvmMuí
xkdor®musrf;pmukd rIwfoGif;ay;awmfrlaom bk&m;ociftm;ykdí aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;vmMuonf/ oGefoifay;olq&mrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYukd bk&m;
ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfESihf xkdEIwfuywfawmf\ jy|mef;csufrsm;twkdif;
&SifoefapMuonf/ olwkdYonf or®musrf;pm\oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd &Sif;&Sif;
vif;vif;em;vnfoabmaygufapí? rSm;,Gif;aomtajctaeokdYa&muf
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm222 223
omoemjyKq&mrsm;
þae&mü azmfjyxm;onfh wwd,ajrmuftvkyfXmerSm
omoemjyKq&mrsm;\ tvkyfXmejzpfonf/ {0Ha*vdq&m\tvkyfonf
tjypf'kp½kdufü qufvufusifvnfaeMuaomolrsm;xHü {0Ha*vd
(owif;aumif;)w&m;awmf\ or®mw&m;ukd xkwfazmfajymMum;jcif;ESihf
oufqkdifonfrSm txift&Sm;yifjzpfonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf u,f
wifjcif;w&m;a'oemukd vlwkdYuwkefYjyefí rdrdwkdY\toufwmukd
u,fwifykdif&SifxHü qufuyftyfESHMurnfh enf;vrf;jzihf ½kd;&Sif;aom
u,fwifjcif;w&m;a'oemukd xkwfazmfajymMum;&ef bk&m;ocif\
pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ay;tyfjcif;ukd cHxm;Muonf/ þt&monf c&pfawmf
\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfaom pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;wpfyg;jzpf
onf/
oif;tkyfrsm;
toif;awmfxHü pwkw¬ajrmufay;tyfxm;aom tvkyfXmerSm
oif;tkyftvkyfXmejzpfonf/ oif;tkyf\tcef;u@rSm owfowf
rSwfrSwf&Sdaom ,kHMunfolwpfpkukd Munfh½Iapmifha&Smufjcif;jzpfonf/
oif;tkyfonf þt&mukd rwluGJJjym;aom enf;vrf;rsm;pGmjzihf
aqmif&Gufygonf/ oif;tkyfonf ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd xdckdufrIrsm;rSum
uG,fay;í? xdcdkuf'Pf&m&aomtcg jyefvnfusef;rmvmzkdY jyKpk
apmifha&Smufay;um ocifbk&m;ü qufvufíBuD;xGm;&ifhusufvmzkdY
0dnmOfa&; tm[m&"gwfukd rjywfwrf;auR;arG;ay;ygonf/ oif;tkyf
onf trsm;tm;jzihf a'oEÅ&vltkyfpkwpfpkukd Munfh½Iapmifha&Smuf
&onf/ oif;tkyf\tcef;u@onf tjcm;Xmetm;vkH;xuf tvkyftrsKd;
tpm; tpkHvifqHk;jzpfonf/ oif;tkyfonf rdrd\okd;pkukd Munfh½I
apmifha&Smuf&rnfqdkvQif olonftrsKd;rsKd;aom (omoemjyKq&m?
oGefoifay;olq&m? tBuHjyKESpfodrfhay;ol? pDrHtkyfcsKyfolponfh) tcef;
u@rsm;pGmukd &,lxrf;aqmif &rnfjzpfonf/ oif;tkyf\t"dutrI
xm;p&mudpörSm ,kHMunfolrsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;xm;aom oD;oefYtkyfpkwpfpkukd
4if;wkdYonf ocifa,½IESihf qufqH&if;ESD;rIü avQmufvSrf;&Sifoefí
BuD;xGm;vmaeMuaMumif;ukdaocsmap&ef 4if;wkdYukdMunfh½Iapmifha&Smuf
ay;jcif;jzpfonf/
q&mrsm;(oGefoifay;olrsm;)
þae&mü aemufqkH;azmfjyxm;aomtvkyfXmerSm q&m(oGef
oifay;ol) ESifpyfqkdifaomtvkyfXmejzpfonf/ (oGefoifay;ol)q&m\
tcef;u@rSm or®musrf;pm\or®mw&m;rsm;ukd em;vnfoabmayguf
Muí a,bl,stm;jzihf toufwmü&,lusihfokH;MurnfhtaMumif;
xkdor®mw&m;rsm;ukd &Sif;jyay;jcif;jzpfonf/ vlwkdYonf oGefoifay;ol
q&mwpfa,muf\ a[majymykdYcsjcif;trIawmfukd em,laomtcg olwkdY
onf or®musrf;pmtm; ykdíeufeJpGmem;vnfoabmaygufvmMuí
xkdor®musrf;pmukd rIwfoGif;ay;awmfrlaom bk&m;ociftm;ykdí aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;vmMuonf/ oGefoifay;olq&mrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYukd bk&m;
ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfESihf xkdEIwfuywfawmf\ jy|mef;csufrsm;twkdif;
&SifoefapMuonf/ olwkdYonf or®musrf;pm\oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd &Sif;&Sif;
vif;vif;em;vnfoabmaygufapí? rSm;,Gif;aomtajctaeokdYa&muf
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm224 225
&SdoGm;jcif;rS uREkfyfwkdYukduG,fumay;Muonf/
tcef;i,f 12 wGif&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
ocifbk&m;onf þtvkyfXmersm;ukd toif;awmfxHü tb,faMumihf
ay;tyfcJh&onfhtaMumif;t&if;ukd today;cJhonf/ pGrf;&nfqkvuf
aqmif&&Sdxm;aom þyk*¾dKvfrsm;tvkyfvkyfaeMupOfwGif tjcm;olrsm;u
[efusyefuspdwfat;vufat;xkdifí apmifhMunfhaeMuzkdY toif;awmf
xHü þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd ay;tyfxm;jcif;r[kwfyg/ ocifbk&m;xH tapcH
&mü toif;awmfukd wyfqifrGrf;rHay;&eftwGuf þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd
toif;awmfü ay;tyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfukd
wnfaqmufjcif;rSm toif;awmfwpfckvkH;\ wm0efjzpfonf/ wrefawmf
rsm;? ya&mzufrsm;? omoemjyKrsm;? oif;tkyfrsm;ESihfq&mrsm; (oGefoif
ay;olrsm;) \tcef;u@rsm;onf tm;vkH;\aumif;&maumif;usKd;
twGuf ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd 4if;wkdY\xl;jcm;aom 0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;
rsm;ü ykdíxl;cRefajymifajrmufvmMuzkdY ulnDay;jcif;jzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonf ,kHMunfjcif;
ESifh ocifa,½Itm;oduRrf;jcif;üwpfvkH;wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;okdY ra&muf
rcsif;? 4if;wkdYtxJ&Sd ocifa,½I\jynfhpkHjcif;tvkH;pkHukd rodrcsif;? tcsif;
csif;wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; jyKpkjcif;trIonf pkHvifjcif;okdYa&mufrnfr[kwf
aMumif; ajymcJhonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif? ocifa,½I\jynfhpkH
jcif;ukd roduRrf;ao;aom acsmifusonfhae&mwpfckck &SdaeorQ umv
ywfvkH;? vkyfp&mtvkyf&SdvQufaeonf/ ocifa,½Iu 4if;wkdYtwGuf
vkyfaqmifay;oGm;aomt&mukdvnf;aumif;? 4if;wkdYtm;jzihf ocifa,½I
vkyfaqmifvkdaomt&mukdvnf;aumif; pkHvifpGmrod&Sdao; aomnDtpf
ukdarmifESrwpfa,mufa,muf&SdaeorQ umvywfvkH; vkyfp&mtvkyf&Sd
vQufaeonf/ uREkfyfwkdYwpfOD;csif;onf ocifa,½Iü &ifhusufjcif;okdYr
a&mufrcsif; uREkfyfwkdY\tvkyfwm0efrSm NyD;qHk;oGm;cJhrnfr[kwfyg/
tvkyfXmersm;(okdY) pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd oihfwifhavsmuf
ywfpGm tokH;jyKaomtcg ukd,fcE¨mawmfü jzpfysufvmaomt&mtcsKdU
&Sdonf/
igwkdYonf aemufwpfzefcyfodrf;aomMo0g'avwkdufí z½kdz&J vGihf
oGm;aomoli,frjzpf (i,f 14)
uREkffyfwkdY&SifoefaexkdifaeMuaom urÇmBuD;onfbk&m;ukd rod
aom tawG;jrifrsm;? pHEIef;rsm;ESihfjynfhaeonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumv
&Sdtoif;awmfudk vdrfnmvSnfhpm;íaumufuspfpOf;vJaom enf;vrf;
wkdYjzihf 0ifa&mufvmonfh þbk&m;rJhw&m;rJht,ltqrsm;rSaomf
vnf;aumif;? rSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifjcif;rsm;rSaomfvnfaumif; tum
tuG,fray;xm;yg/ BuHUckdifaom ,kHMunfolrsm;yifvQif þaumufuspf
aomvQKdU0SuftBuHtpnfrsm;\qGJaqmifrIukd cHpm;awGU BuHKEkdifygonf/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfor®mw&m;rS avmuDvrf;pOfrsm;okdY
ul;ajymif;oGm;Muaom nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukd tBudrfrnfrQjrifawGU
cJhMu&ygoenf;/ wpfcsdefwGif olwdkYonfocifbk&m;twGuf pdwftm;
xufoefaecJhMuNyD;? aemufwpfcsdefwGif 4if;wkdYonf rdrdwkdY\tjypf&Sdaom
jyKrlykHrsm;tm; oifhjrwfavsmfuefaomt&mrsm;tjzpf &Sif;jyaeMuyg
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm224 225
&SdoGm;jcif;rS uREkfyfwkdYukduG,fumay;Muonf/
tcef;i,f 12 wGif&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
ocifbk&m;onf þtvkyfXmersm;ukd toif;awmfxHü tb,faMumihf
ay;tyfcJh&onfhtaMumif;t&if;ukd today;cJhonf/ pGrf;&nfqkvuf
aqmif&&Sdxm;aom þyk*¾dKvfrsm;tvkyfvkyfaeMupOfwGif tjcm;olrsm;u
[efusyefuspdwfat;vufat;xkdifí apmifhMunfhaeMuzkdY toif;awmf
xHü þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd ay;tyfxm;jcif;r[kwfyg/ ocifbk&m;xH tapcH
&mü toif;awmfukd wyfqifrGrf;rHay;&eftwGuf þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd
toif;awmfü ay;tyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfukd
wnfaqmufjcif;rSm toif;awmfwpfckvkH;\ wm0efjzpfonf/ wrefawmf
rsm;? ya&mzufrsm;? omoemjyKrsm;? oif;tkyfrsm;ESihfq&mrsm; (oGefoif
ay;olrsm;) \tcef;u@rsm;onf tm;vkH;\aumif;&maumif;usKd;
twGuf ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd 4if;wkdY\xl;jcm;aom 0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;
rsm;ü ykdíxl;cRefajymifajrmufvmMuzkdY ulnDay;jcif;jzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonf ,kHMunfjcif;
ESifh ocifa,½Itm;oduRrf;jcif;üwpfvkH;wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;okdY ra&muf
rcsif;? 4if;wkdYtxJ&Sd ocifa,½I\jynfhpkHjcif;tvkH;pkHukd rodrcsif;? tcsif;
csif;wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; jyKpkjcif;trIonf pkHvifjcif;okdYa&mufrnfr[kwf
aMumif; ajymcJhonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif? ocifa,½I\jynfhpkH
jcif;ukd roduRrf;ao;aom acsmifusonfhae&mwpfckck &SdaeorQ umv
ywfvkH;? vkyfp&mtvkyf&SdvQufaeonf/ ocifa,½Iu 4if;wkdYtwGuf
vkyfaqmifay;oGm;aomt&mukdvnf;aumif;? 4if;wkdYtm;jzihf ocifa,½I
vkyfaqmifvkdaomt&mukdvnf;aumif; pkHvifpGmrod&Sdao; aomnDtpf
ukdarmifESrwpfa,mufa,muf&SdaeorQ umvywfvkH; vkyfp&mtvkyf&Sd
vQufaeonf/ uREkfyfwkdYwpfOD;csif;onf ocifa,½Iü &ifhusufjcif;okdYr
a&mufrcsif; uREkfyfwkdY\tvkyfwm0efrSm NyD;qHk;oGm;cJhrnfr[kwfyg/
tvkyfXmersm;(okdY) pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd oihfwifhavsmuf
ywfpGm tokH;jyKaomtcg ukd,fcE¨mawmfü jzpfysufvmaomt&mtcsKdU
&Sdonf/
igwkdYonf aemufwpfzefcyfodrf;aomMo0g'avwkdufí z½kdz&J vGihf
oGm;aomoli,frjzpf (i,f 14)
uREkffyfwkdY&SifoefaexkdifaeMuaom urÇmBuD;onfbk&m;ukd rod
aom tawG;jrifrsm;? pHEIef;rsm;ESihfjynfhaeonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumv
&Sdtoif;awmfudk vdrfnmvSnfhpm;íaumufuspfpOf;vJaom enf;vrf;
wkdYjzihf 0ifa&mufvmonfh þbk&m;rJhw&m;rJht,ltqrsm;rSaomf
vnf;aumif;? rSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifjcif;rsm;rSaomfvnfaumif; tum
tuG,fray;xm;yg/ BuHUckdifaom ,kHMunfolrsm;yifvQif þaumufuspf
aomvQKdU0SuftBuHtpnfrsm;\qGJaqmifrIukd cHpm;awGU BuHKEkdifygonf/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfor®mw&m;rS avmuDvrf;pOfrsm;okdY
ul;ajymif;oGm;Muaom nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukd tBudrfrnfrQjrifawGU
cJhMu&ygoenf;/ wpfcsdefwGif olwdkYonfocifbk&m;twGuf pdwftm;
xufoefaecJhMuNyD;? aemufwpfcsdefwGif 4if;wkdYonf rdrdwkdY\tjypf&Sdaom
jyKrlykHrsm;tm; oifhjrwfavsmfuefaomt&mrsm;tjzpf &Sif;jyaeMuyg
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm226 227
vdrfhrnf/ ocifbk&m;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd or®musrf;pmESifhnDñGwf
aomtawG;tac:ESihf &Sifoefjcif;wkdYü wnfaqmufay;&ef twGuf
vkdtyfaompGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd toif;awmfü xm;&Sdxm;onf/
þpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd tokH;jyKjcif;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocif&nf&G,fcJh
onfht&mrSm rdrd\om;orD;rsm;onf 4if;wkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ü wkdufwGef;
aphaqmfjcif;ukdcHMu&NyD;? avmuDt,ltqrsm;ESihf arSmufvSefxm;aom
"r®t,l0g'rsm;ukdqefYusifí rm;rm;rwfrwf&yfwnfMu&ef topfaom
cGeftm;rsm;ukd ay;tyfcHMurnfhtaMumif;jzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf OD;acgif;wnf;[laom c&pfawmfrSmt&m&mwkdYü BuD;xGm;
MurnfhtaMumif; (i,f 15)
þtvkyfXmersm;ESihf pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;tm;vHk;onf uREkfyfwkdY
ocifa,½IESihfykdí eD;pyfvm&efqGJaqmifay;jcif;? ocifa,½IESihfo@mef
wlvmjcif;ü uREkfyfwkdYukd&ifhusufapjcif;wdkYudk 4if;wkdY\wm0ef rsm;ozG,f
&,lxm;Muonf/ uREkfyfwkYdonf or®mw&m;üvnf;aumif;? ocifc&pf
awmfukdcspfjcif;üvnf;aumif; ukd,fhukd,fukd qufuyfxm;MuonfESihftrQ
þpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;onf ocifbk&m;tm;ykdí eufeufeJeJESihf
ykdíeD;pyfuRrf;0ifaomenf;vrf;jzihf oduRrf;vm&ef uREkfyfwkdYtxJü
aphaqmfwkdufwGef;ay;zkdY &nf&G,fxm;onf/ ocifa,½Ionf uREkfyfwkdY
twGufykdíppfrSefvmNyD;? uREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fawmf&Sifukd oduRrf;jcif;ü
vnf;aumif;? ukd,fawmf&SifxHqufuyftyfESHjcif;üvnf;aumif; BuD;xGm;
vmMuygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonfarwåmü ukd,fcE¨mtm;wnfaqmuf&eftwGuf BudK;pm;
tm;xkwfrIwGif aygif;pnf;cHMu&ygvdrfhrnf (i,f 16)
aemufqkH;taejzihf? &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
þpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü oifhwifhavsmuf
ywfpGmtokH;jyKMuaomtcg olwkdYonfcspfjcif;arwåmü ukd,fcE¨mawmf
ukdwnfaqmufjcif;trIwGif wpfpdwfwpf0rf;wnf; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;
üaygif;pnf;cHcJhMu&rnfjzpfaMumif; today;cJhonf/ ukd,ft*Fgtpdwf
tykdif;wpfckpDu 4if;wkdYESifhtyfpyfaomwm0efukd xrf;aqmifMuonfESihf
trQ ukd,fcE¨mwpfckvkH;rSmvnf; BuD;xGm;vmygonf/ c&pfawmf\ ukd,f
cE¨mawmfukd þykHpHjzihfvnfywfaeonfukd jrifawGU&onfrSm tvGef
tHhMozG,faumif;aomt&mwpfckjzpfonf/ toif;0ifwpfa,mufpDu
tjcm;toif;0ifwpfa,muftwGuf eufeJpGmpkd;&drfywfoufay;í
*½kpdkufapmifhMunfhay;MuouJhokdY toif;0ifwpfa,mufpDu tjcm;ol
rsm;ukd wnfaqmufay;í cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;aeMuonfukd jrifawGU
&jcif;onf tHhMorifoufzG,fr[kwfygvm;/ þt&monf uREkfyfwkdY\
teD;tem;rSvlrsm;twGuf tpGrf;xufaomoufaowpfckjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYtcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf arwåmxm;íMunfh½I
apmifha&Smufay;aeMuonfukd avmuDom;rsm;ujrifawGUMuaom tcg
ocifbk&m;onf uREkfyfwkdYESihftwl&SdawmfrlaMumif;ukd olwkdYem;vnf
oabmaygufvmMuygonf/ cspfjcif;arwåmESihfjynfhí BuD;xGm;vQuf&Sdae
aomþtokdif;t0kdif;rsKd;\ tpdwftykdif;jzpfae&jcif;onf tvGeftHhzG,f
aumif;aomt&mr[kwfygvm;/
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm226 227
vdrfhrnf/ ocifbk&m;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd or®musrf;pmESifhnDñGwf
aomtawG;tac:ESihf &Sifoefjcif;wkdYü wnfaqmufay;&ef twGuf
vkdtyfaompGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd toif;awmfü xm;&Sdxm;onf/
þpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd tokH;jyKjcif;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocif&nf&G,fcJh
onfht&mrSm rdrd\om;orD;rsm;onf 4if;wkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ü wkdufwGef;
aphaqmfjcif;ukdcHMu&NyD;? avmuDt,ltqrsm;ESihf arSmufvSefxm;aom
"r®t,l0g'rsm;ukdqefYusifí rm;rm;rwfrwf&yfwnfMu&ef topfaom
cGeftm;rsm;ukd ay;tyfcHMurnfhtaMumif;jzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf OD;acgif;wnf;[laom c&pfawmfrSmt&m&mwkdYü BuD;xGm;
MurnfhtaMumif; (i,f 15)
þtvkyfXmersm;ESihf pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;tm;vHk;onf uREkfyfwkdY
ocifa,½IESihfykdí eD;pyfvm&efqGJaqmifay;jcif;? ocifa,½IESihfo@mef
wlvmjcif;ü uREkfyfwkdYukd&ifhusufapjcif;wdkYudk 4if;wkdY\wm0ef rsm;ozG,f
&,lxm;Muonf/ uREkfyfwkYdonf or®mw&m;üvnf;aumif;? ocifc&pf
awmfukdcspfjcif;üvnf;aumif; ukd,fhukd,fukd qufuyfxm;MuonfESihftrQ
þpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;onf ocifbk&m;tm;ykdí eufeufeJeJESihf
ykdíeD;pyfuRrf;0ifaomenf;vrf;jzihf oduRrf;vm&ef uREkfyfwkdYtxJü
aphaqmfwkdufwGef;ay;zkdY &nf&G,fxm;onf/ ocifa,½Ionf uREkfyfwkdY
twGufykdíppfrSefvmNyD;? uREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fawmf&Sifukd oduRrf;jcif;ü
vnf;aumif;? ukd,fawmf&SifxHqufuyftyfESHjcif;üvnf;aumif; BuD;xGm;
vmMuygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonfarwåmü ukd,fcE¨mtm;wnfaqmuf&eftwGuf BudK;pm;
tm;xkwfrIwGif aygif;pnf;cHMu&ygvdrfhrnf (i,f 16)
aemufqkH;taejzihf? &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
þpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü oifhwifhavsmuf
ywfpGmtokH;jyKMuaomtcg olwkdYonfcspfjcif;arwåmü ukd,fcE¨mawmf
ukdwnfaqmufjcif;trIwGif wpfpdwfwpf0rf;wnf; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;
üaygif;pnf;cHcJhMu&rnfjzpfaMumif; today;cJhonf/ ukd,ft*Fgtpdwf
tykdif;wpfckpDu 4if;wkdYESifhtyfpyfaomwm0efukd xrf;aqmifMuonfESihf
trQ ukd,fcE¨mwpfckvkH;rSmvnf; BuD;xGm;vmygonf/ c&pfawmf\ ukd,f
cE¨mawmfukd þykHpHjzihfvnfywfaeonfukd jrifawGU&onfrSm tvGef
tHhMozG,faumif;aomt&mwpfckjzpfonf/ toif;0ifwpfa,mufpDu
tjcm;toif;0ifwpfa,muftwGuf eufeJpGmpkd;&drfywfoufay;í
*½kpdkufapmifhMunfhay;MuouJhokdY toif;0ifwpfa,mufpDu tjcm;ol
rsm;ukd wnfaqmufay;í cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;aeMuonfukd jrifawGU
&jcif;onf tHhMorifoufzG,fr[kwfygvm;/ þt&monf uREkfyfwkdY\
teD;tem;rSvlrsm;twGuf tpGrf;xufaomoufaowpfckjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYtcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf arwåmxm;íMunfh½I
apmifha&Smufay;aeMuonfukd avmuDom;rsm;ujrifawGUMuaom tcg
ocifbk&m;onf uREkfyfwkdYESihftwl&SdawmfrlaMumif;ukd olwkdYem;vnf
oabmaygufvmMuygonf/ cspfjcif;arwåmESihfjynfhí BuD;xGm;vQuf&Sdae
aomþtokdif;t0kdif;rsKd;\ tpdwftykdif;jzpfae&jcif;onf tvGeftHhzG,f
aumif;aomt&mr[kwfygvm;/
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm228 229
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;xHü 4if;wkdYtwGufbk&m;
ocifvkyfaqmifay;cJhaomt&mESihf pyfvsOf;írnfokdYajymjy
cJhoenf;/
toif;awmfü bk&m;ocifuoihfukd rnfonfhtvkyfXmetm;
ay;tyfxm;ygoenf;/ omíBuD;aomukd,fcE¨mawmf\aumif;
&maumif;usKd;twGuftokH;jyK&ef bk&m;ocifu oihfukdrnfonfh
pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;tm;ay;tyfxm;ygoenf;/
oifonf,kHMunfjcif;ü BuD;xGm;&ihfusufvm&ef bk&m;ocif
onfoifhtoufwmü rnfolYwkdYukdtokH;jyKaecJhygoenf;/
xkdolwkdYonf rnfonfhpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd tokH;jyKaecJh
Muygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifyg0ifwufa&mufaeaom a'oEÅ&toif;awmfukd pOf;pm;
okH;oyfzkdYtcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ þtoif;awmfonf ocifc&pf
awmfü BuD;xGm;&ifhusufjcif;ESihf wpfvkH;wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;ukd
rnfonfhtwkdif;twmtxd jyoygoenf;/ oifwkdY\toif;
awmftwGuf qkawmif;ay;zkdY tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/
oifwkdY\a'oEÅ&toif;awmfwGif rnfonfhpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl
rsm;ukd cif;usif;jyoMuoenf;/ rnfonfhpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl; (okdY)
tvkyfXmevpfvyfaeoa,mif xif&oenf;/
oifhxHüvnf;aumif;? oifwkdY\a'oEÅ&toif;awmfxHü
vnf;aumif; ay;tyfxm;aom pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;twGuf
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;NyD;? oifwkdY\toif;awmfonf bk&m;ocif
&nf&G,fxm;ouhJokdY &ifhusufBuD;xGm;vmzkdY tjcm;pGrf;&nf
qkaus;Zl;rsm;tm; &&Sdxm;aomolrsm;ukd oifwkYdxHapvTwfay;zkdY
qkawmif;yg/
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm228 229
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;xHü 4if;wkdYtwGufbk&m;
ocifvkyfaqmifay;cJhaomt&mESihf pyfvsOf;írnfokdYajymjy
cJhoenf;/
toif;awmfü bk&m;ocifuoihfukd rnfonfhtvkyfXmetm;
ay;tyfxm;ygoenf;/ omíBuD;aomukd,fcE¨mawmf\aumif;
&maumif;usKd;twGuftokH;jyK&ef bk&m;ocifu oihfukdrnfonfh
pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;tm;ay;tyfxm;ygoenf;/
oifonf,kHMunfjcif;ü BuD;xGm;&ihfusufvm&ef bk&m;ocif
onfoifhtoufwmü rnfolYwkdYukdtokH;jyKaecJhygoenf;/
xkdolwkdYonf rnfonfhpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd tokH;jyKaecJh
Muygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifyg0ifwufa&mufaeaom a'oEÅ&toif;awmfukd pOf;pm;
okH;oyfzkdYtcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ þtoif;awmfonf ocifc&pf
awmfü BuD;xGm;&ifhusufjcif;ESihf wpfvkH;wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;ukd
rnfonfhtwkdif;twmtxd jyoygoenf;/ oifwkdY\toif;
awmftwGuf qkawmif;ay;zkdY tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/
oifwkdY\a'oEÅ&toif;awmfwGif rnfonfhpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl
rsm;ukd cif;usif;jyoMuoenf;/ rnfonfhpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl; (okdY)
tvkyfXmevpfvyfaeoa,mif xif&oenf;/
oifhxHüvnf;aumif;? oifwkdY\a'oEÅ&toif;awmfxHü
vnf;aumif; ay;tyfxm;aom pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;twGuf
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;NyD;? oifwkdY\toif;awmfonf bk&m;ocif
&nf&G,fxm;ouhJokdY &ifhusufBuD;xGm;vmzkdY tjcm;pGrf;&nf
qkaus;Zl;rsm;tm; &&Sdxm;aomolrsm;ukd oifwkYdxHapvTwfay;zkdY
qkawmif;yg/
ukd,fawmfonf vlwkdYtm;qkvyfrsm;ukday;awmfrlonf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
2020
2020
20
vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
{zuf 4;17-32 ukdzwf½Iyg/
toif;awmfonf cspfjcif;arwåmwGifvnf;aumif;? ocifa,½Iü
BuD;xGm;&ihfusufjcif;wGifvnf;aumif; wnfaxmifwnfaqmufjcif;cH&
rnfhtaMumif; ocifbk&m;onf toif;awmfxHüpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;
ukday;oem;cJhaMumif; {zuftoif;awmfxHodkY a&;om;cJhaom þpm
apmiftm;jzifh xif&Sm;aeygonf/ þtcsuft&? &Sifaygvku {zuf
toif;om;rsm;tm;vla[mif;ukdcRwfy,fí vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmif
jcif;jzihf 4if;wkdYtxJü ocifbk&m;vkyfaqmifvkdaomt&mwGif yl;aygif;
aqmif&GufMuzdkY þtykdif;wGifpdefac:cJhonf/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;onf wyg;trsKd;rsm;uJhokdY touf&Sifjcif;
ukd&yfwefYMuzkdY &Sifaygvku ]]ocifbk&m;ü}} tav;teufwkdufwGef;cJh
onf (i,f 17)/ &Sifaygvkvdyfrla&;om;aeaomolrsm;rS vltajrmuf
tjrm;onf ,kHMunfolwyg;trsKd;rsm;jzpfMuaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYoabm
aygufxm;zkdY vkdtyfygonf/ &Sifaygvkonf ]]wyg;trsKd;}}[laom
pum;vkH;ukd tokH;jyK&mwGif vlrsKd;? EkdifiHom;taMumif;ukd ajymaejcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
2020
2020
20
vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
{zuf 4;17-32 ukdzwf½Iyg/
toif;awmfonf cspfjcif;arwåmwGifvnf;aumif;? ocifa,½Iü
BuD;xGm;&ihfusufjcif;wGifvnf;aumif; wnfaxmifwnfaqmufjcif;cH&
rnfhtaMumif; ocifbk&m;onf toif;awmfxHüpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;
ukday;oem;cJhaMumif; {zuftoif;awmfxHodkY a&;om;cJhaom þpm
apmiftm;jzifh xif&Sm;aeygonf/ þtcsuft&? &Sifaygvku {zuf
toif;om;rsm;tm;vla[mif;ukdcRwfy,fí vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmif
jcif;jzihf 4if;wkdYtxJü ocifbk&m;vkyfaqmifvkdaomt&mwGif yl;aygif;
aqmif&GufMuzdkY þtykdif;wGifpdefac:cJhonf/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;onf wyg;trsKd;rsm;uJhokdY touf&Sifjcif;
ukd&yfwefYMuzkdY &Sifaygvku ]]ocifbk&m;ü}} tav;teufwkdufwGef;cJh
onf (i,f 17)/ &Sifaygvkvdyfrla&;om;aeaomolrsm;rS vltajrmuf
tjrm;onf ,kHMunfolwyg;trsKd;rsm;jzpfMuaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYoabm
aygufxm;zkdY vkdtyfygonf/ &Sifaygvkonf ]]wyg;trsKd;}}[laom
pum;vkH;ukd tokH;jyK&mwGif vlrsKd;? EkdifiHom;taMumif;ukd ajymaejcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm232 233vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
r[kwfyg/ ,kHMunfjcif;r&Sdaom bk&m;rJhaeolrsm;\usihfBuHaexkdifykHudk
&nfñTef;ajymqkdcJhygonf/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY
onf r,kHMunfol wyg;trsKd;rsm;uJhokdY touf&Sif&efr[kwfaMumif;
ajymcJhonf/ ,kHMunfolESihfr,kHMunfolMum;wGif uGJjym;jcm;em;csuf
wpfck&Sdae&ygrnf/ r,kHMunfolavmuDom;rsm;u {zufNrdKUrS c&pf,mef
rsm;ukdMunfhaomtcg olwkdYonf {zufNrdKUrSc&pf,mefrsm;\awG;ac:
ykHESihf vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifykHwkdYwGif tvGef&Sif;vif;jywfom;aom jcm;em;
csufukdjrifawGUMu&rnfjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; r,kHMunfolavmuDom;
rsm;\tawG;tac:rsm;onf tESpfom&uif;rJhí t"dyÜg,fvnf;r&Sd
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olrsm;\awG;ac:pOf;pm;ykHukd az:jycJhonf/
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r,kHMunfolwpfOD;tjzpfESihf oifonfocifbk&m;ü0rf;ajrmuf
jcif;taMumif;ukd em;vnfoabmaygufcJhygovm;/ oifonf bk&m;
ocif\EIwfuywfawmfüvnf;aumif;? emrawmfukd0wfjyKukd;uG,f&mü
vnf;aumif; rnfírnfrQpdwfvIyf&Sm;wuf<uaecJhygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;xJü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfvma&muf udef;0yfjcif;r&SdrDu
uREkfyfwkdYonf tarSmifxJwGiftouf&SifaecJhMuygonf/ 0dnmOfa&;&m
udpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í ppfrSefaomt,ltqvkH;vkH;r&SdcJhMuyg/ bk&m;
ocifESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuft"dyÜg,fr&SdcJhMuyg/
ocifbk&m;ESihf ocifbk&m;\enf;vrf;rsm;udkawmifhwaom ,kHMunf
olwpfa,muf\ pdwfqE´ukd uREkfyfwkdYem;rvnfEkdifcJhMuyg/ þt&m
tm;vkH;onf ocifa,½Iukd uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwifykdif&Siftjzpf oduRrf;cJh
aomaeYwGif ajymif;vJoGm;cJhMuonf/ ukd,fawmf&Sif\bkef;awmfa&mif
jcnfu tuREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;ukdxkd;azmuf0ifa&mufí arSmifrkdufjcif;u
pGefYcGgoGm;ouJhokdY jzpfoGm;onf/ ,cifuuREkfyfwkdYü vkH;vkH;r&SdcJhzl;onfh
0dnmOfa&;ESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukd oabmaygufem;vnfjcif;wpfck
csufcsif;a&muf&Sdvmonf/
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r,kHMunfolrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\pdwfESvkH;xJüvnf;aumif;?
toufwmüvnf;aumif; bk&m;ocifESihfuif;uGmaecJhMuonf/ ,kHMunf
olESihfr,kHMunfol\uGmjcm;csufrSm bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufjyKjcif;jzpf
onf/ bk&m;ocif\touf ESihfrsufarSmufjyKjcif;onf oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf ,kHMunfolüudef;0yfvQuf&Sdonf/ okdYaomf?
r,kHMunfolESihfocifbk&m;wkYdMum;ü uGJuGmydkif;jcm;rI;wpfck&Sdonf/ tjypf
'kp½kdufonf 4if;wkdYESihfbk&m;ocifMum;wGif twm;tqD;wpfckukd jyKvkyf
zefwD;xm;onf/ xkdtwm;tqD;ukd ocifa,½I\taocHjcif;ESihf
ukd,fawmf&Sifay;oem;aom tjypfvTwfjcif;tm;jzihfom NzdKzsufEkdifyg
onf/ þtjypfvTwfjcif;ukd vkH;vkH;r&&SdcJhaom r,kHMunfolonf
bk&m;ocifESihfppfrSefaom &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifrIukd r&&SdEkdifyg/ bk&m;ocif\
toufonfolwkdYtxJür&Sdyg/ olwkdYonfbk&m;ocif\ oefY&Sif;aom
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm232 233vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
r[kwfyg/ ,kHMunfjcif;r&Sdaom bk&m;rJhaeolrsm;\usihfBuHaexkdifykHudk
&nfñTef;ajymqkdcJhygonf/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY
onf r,kHMunfol wyg;trsKd;rsm;uJhokdY touf&Sif&efr[kwfaMumif;
ajymcJhonf/ ,kHMunfolESihfr,kHMunfolMum;wGif uGJjym;jcm;em;csuf
wpfck&Sdae&ygrnf/ r,kHMunfolavmuDom;rsm;u {zufNrdKUrS c&pf,mef
rsm;ukdMunfhaomtcg olwkdYonf {zufNrdKUrSc&pf,mefrsm;\awG;ac:
ykHESihf vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifykHwkdYwGif tvGef&Sif;vif;jywfom;aom jcm;em;
csufukdjrifawGUMu&rnfjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; r,kHMunfolavmuDom;
rsm;\tawG;tac:rsm;onf tESpfom&uif;rJhí t"dyÜg,fvnf;r&Sd
aMumif;ajymcJhonf/ tcef;i,f 18-19 wGif &Sifaygvku þr,kHMunf
olrsm;\awG;ac:pOf;pm;ykHukd az:jycJhonf/
xkdolwkdYonfÓPftvif;uG,fonfjzpfí (i,f 18)
r,kHMunfolwpfOD;tjzpfESihf oifonfocifbk&m;ü0rf;ajrmuf
jcif;taMumif;ukd em;vnfoabmaygufcJhygovm;/ oifonf bk&m;
ocif\EIwfuywfawmfüvnf;aumif;? emrawmfukd0wfjyKukd;uG,f&mü
vnf;aumif; rnfírnfrQpdwfvIyf&Sm;wuf<uaecJhygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;xJü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfvma&muf udef;0yfjcif;r&SdrDu
uREkfyfwkdYonf tarSmifxJwGiftouf&SifaecJhMuygonf/ 0dnmOfa&;&m
udpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í ppfrSefaomt,ltqvkH;vkH;r&SdcJhMuyg/ bk&m;
ocifESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuft"dyÜg,fr&SdcJhMuyg/
ocifbk&m;ESihf ocifbk&m;\enf;vrf;rsm;udkawmifhwaom ,kHMunf
olwpfa,muf\ pdwfqE´ukd uREkfyfwkdYem;rvnfEkdifcJhMuyg/ þt&m
tm;vkH;onf ocifa,½Iukd uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwifykdif&Siftjzpf oduRrf;cJh
aomaeYwGif ajymif;vJoGm;cJhMuonf/ ukd,fawmf&Sif\bkef;awmfa&mif
jcnfu tuREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;ukdxkd;azmuf0ifa&mufí arSmifrkdufjcif;u
pGefYcGgoGm;ouJhokdY jzpfoGm;onf/ ,cifuuREkfyfwkdYü vkH;vkH;r&SdcJhzl;onfh
0dnmOfa&;ESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukd oabmaygufem;vnfjcif;wpfck
csufcsif;a&muf&Sdvmonf/
bk&m;ocif\toufESihfuGm&Sif;vQuf&Sd\ (i,f 18)
r,kHMunfolrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\pdwfESvkH;xJüvnf;aumif;?
toufwmüvnf;aumif; bk&m;ocifESihfuif;uGmaecJhMuonf/ ,kHMunf
olESihfr,kHMunfol\uGmjcm;csufrSm bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufjyKjcif;jzpf
onf/ bk&m;ocif\touf ESihfrsufarSmufjyKjcif;onf oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf ,kHMunfolüudef;0yfvQuf&Sdonf/ okdYaomf?
r,kHMunfolESihfocifbk&m;wkYdMum;ü uGJuGmydkif;jcm;rI;wpfck&Sdonf/ tjypf
'kp½kdufonf 4if;wkdYESihfbk&m;ocifMum;wGif twm;tqD;wpfckukd jyKvkyf
zefwD;xm;onf/ xkdtwm;tqD;ukd ocifa,½I\taocHjcif;ESihf
ukd,fawmf&Sifay;oem;aom tjypfvTwfjcif;tm;jzihfom NzdKzsufEkdifyg
onf/ þtjypfvTwfjcif;ukd vkH;vkH;r&&SdcJhaom r,kHMunfolonf
bk&m;ocifESihfppfrSefaom &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifrIukd r&&SdEkdifyg/ bk&m;ocif\
toufonfolwkdYtxJür&Sdyg/ olwkdYonfbk&m;ocif\ oefY&Sif;aom
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm234 235
rsufarSmufawmfESihf xm0&umvywfvkH; uif;uGmaecJhMuygvdrfhrnf/
olwkdYonf cHpm;wkHYjyefEkdifrItm;vkH;ukd qkH;½IH;cJhMuonf (i,f 19)
r,kHMunfaompdwfESvkH;onf bk&m;ocifESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;
wGifrmausmcufxefaeMuaomaMumifh 4if;onf0dnmOfa&;udpö&yfrsm;
ukd cHpm;wkefYjyefEkdifpGrf;r&Sdyg/ u,fwifjcif;rcH&aomolrsm;onf 4if;wkdY
\tjypf'kp½dkdufaMumifh pdwfESvkH;rmausmaeMuygonf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;
ocif\wifhw,frIukd rjrifEkdifouJhokdY bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;ukd
rMum;EkdifMuyg/ r,kHMunfaompdwfESvkH;onf bk&m;ocifukd rMum;Ekdif
ouJhokdY 4if;\tm½kHcHpm;rIrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;
wGif aovQuf&SdMuonf/
olwkdYonfrdrdwkdYukd,fukd udavomvufokdY tyfESHvkdufMu\ (i,f19)
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; r,kHMunfolonf udav
omvufokdYay;tyfjcif;cH&aMumif; ajymjycJhonf/ udavomqkdonfrSm
tb,fenf;/ udavomqkdonfrSm Zmwdyuwdpdwfukd auseyfapjcif;
ESihfqkdifaomt&mjzpfonf/ þt&monf r,kHMunfolrsm;\vkyf&yfrsm;
ukd aphaqmfwGef;ykdYay;aomt&mjzpfonf/ rdrdwkdY\toufwmü auseyf
tm;&rIukd aqmifusOf;ay;onfht&mrsm;wGif olwkdYpdwfvGwfukd,fvGwf
arGUavsmfMuonf/ olwkdYonf0dnmOfa&;tqifhwGif &Sifoefvnfywfjcif;
r&SdMu/ aysmfyg;om,mrIESihfZmwdyuwdpdwf\tvkdukd jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;
wkdY\aphaqmfwkdufwGef;jcif;ukd cH&onfh½kyfykdif;qkdif&mESihf pdwfcHpm;rIqkdif
&mtqifhwGifom &SifoefvnfywfMuonf/
þuJhokdYaom pdwfaepdwfxm;ukdz,f&Sm;MuzkdY &Sifaygvku {zuf
toif;om;rsm;tm; pdefac:cJhonf (i,f 20-22)/ ocifa,½IESihfpyf
qkdifaom 4if;wkdYod&SdcJhMuonfhor®mw&m;aMumifh ,kHMunfjcif;r&Sdaom
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olwkYdonf rdrdwkdY\tawG;tac:a[mif;rsm;\txufwGif touf&Sif
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tac:a[mif;\ vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;wwfaom wyfrufjcif;rsm;rS u,f
wifjcif;cHcJhMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
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rQvG,fulygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY\ Opömykdifqkdifjcif;ukd t"duxm;ítvkdqE´
jynfh0rIukdom &SmBuHaeonfhtokdif;t0kdif;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonfavmuDwyf
rufjcif;rsm;jzihf tqufrjywfxkd;ESufwkdufckdufjcif;ukd cHMu&onf/ uREkfyf
wkYdonf Zmwdyuwdpdwf\ tmoDoawmifhwrIrsm;ukd tvkdvkdufarGUavsmf
jcif;jzihf b0ukdtjynfht0&SifoefMuzkdY wkdufwGef;qGJaqmifjcif;cHMu&
onf/ tjcm;wpfzufwGif ocifc&pfawmfu uREkfyfwkdYukdZmwdyuwd
pdwf\tmoDoawmifhwrIrsm;tay:ü taojzpfMuzkdY qifhac:aeyg
onf/ Zmwdyuwdpdwf\ tm;BuD;aomaphaqmfrIrsm;ukd vkdvkdvm;vm;
ab;z,fxm;vkdpdwfr&Sdaom ,kHMunfolrsm;&Sdonf/ avmuDt&mukd
tvGefjrwfEkdf;aomoltajrmuftjrm;&Sdonf/
&Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonfawG;ac:
vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
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rsufarSmufawmfESihf xm0&umvywfvkH; uif;uGmaecJhMuygvdrfhrnf/
olwkdYonf cHpm;wkHYjyefEkdifrItm;vkH;ukd qkH;½IH;cJhMuonf (i,f 19)
r,kHMunfaompdwfESvkH;onf bk&m;ocifESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;
wGifrmausmcufxefaeMuaomaMumifh 4if;onf0dnmOfa&;udpö&yfrsm;
ukd cHpm;wkefYjyefEkdifpGrf;r&Sdyg/ u,fwifjcif;rcH&aomolrsm;onf 4if;wkdY
\tjypf'kp½dkdufaMumifh pdwfESvkH;rmausmaeMuygonf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;
ocif\wifhw,frIukd rjrifEkdifouJhokdY bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;ukd
rMum;EkdifMuyg/ r,kHMunfaompdwfESvkH;onf bk&m;ocifukd rMum;Ekdif
ouJhokdY 4if;\tm½kHcHpm;rIrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;
wGif aovQuf&SdMuonf/
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ukd aphaqmfwGef;ykdYay;aomt&mjzpfonf/ rdrdwkdY\toufwmü auseyf
tm;&rIukd aqmifusOf;ay;onfht&mrsm;wGif olwkdYpdwfvGwfukd,fvGwf
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&mtqifhwGifom &SifoefvnfywfMuonf/
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tac:a[mif;\ vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;wwfaom wyfrufjcif;rsm;rS u,f
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onf/ tjcm;wpfzufwGif ocifc&pfawmfu uREkfyfwkdYukdZmwdyuwd
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vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
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olwkdYonf pdwfESvkH;oabmopfukd &&SdcJhMuvdrfhrnf (i,f 23)
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a[mif;ukd 4if;\avmuDqefaom t,ltqrsm;tm;vkH;ESihftwl
pwifcRwfy,fí bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfESihf &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd &SmBuH
aomtcg? þtcsif;t&mu bk&m;ocifukd uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfoabmxm;
rsm;tm;topfjyKjyifay;&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? xkdpdwfoabmrsm;ukd
rdrd\pdwfESvkH;? rdrd\tvkdawmfwkYdESihf ykdíwajy;wnf;jzpfvmapzdkY
aqmifusOf;ay;&eftwGufvnf;aumif; vrf;zGihfay;ygonf/
olwkdYonf oefU&Sif;jcif;yg&rDESihf rSefaomajzmifhrwfjcif;wkdYjzihf ,lwif
0wfaqmifjcif;cHcJhMu &ygvdrfhrnf (i,f 24)/
bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;ESihftnDtouf&Sif
&efwm0efukd uREkfyfqGJ,laomtcgü 'kwd,ajrmuf jzpfysufvmaom
t&mrSm uREkfyfwkdY\jzpfwnfrIwpfckvkH;tm; ajzmihfrwfjcif;ESihf oefY&Sif;
jcif;wkdYjzihf vTrf;NcHKcH&onftjzpfukd pwif&SmazGawGU&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom tawG;tac:ESihftwl vkH;vkH;opfvGifaom vlopf
vnf;ygvmygonf/ uREfkyfwkdY\pdwfoabmxm;rsm;ESihf vkyfykHukdifykHrsm;
onf ajymif;vJjcif;cH&onf/ tjypf'kp½kdufukd uREkfyfwkdYawmifhwrIrSm
vnf; auR;arG;jyKpkrSomBuD;xGm;vmEkdifonfh tajctaewGifom &Sdaeyg
onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf tjypf'kp½kduftay:üvnf;aumif; Zmwdyuwd
pdwf\awmifhwrIta[mif;rsm;tay:üvnf;aumif; taojzpfMuaom
tcg xkdt&mrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYtxJü ajcmufaoGUn§dK;EGrf;í avsmhyg;
vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm236 237
pOf;pm;ykHa[mif;ukd cRwfy,fvkdufaomtcgwGif tjzpftysufESpfckay:
aygufvmaMumif; tcef;i,f 23 ESihf 24 wGifajymjycJhonf/
olwkdYonf pdwfESvkH;oabmopfukd &&SdcJhMuvdrfhrnf (i,f 23)
uREkfyfwkdYonf avmuDt&mrsm;ukd zufwG,fxm;aeorQumv
ywfvkH; uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfoabmrsm; topfjyKjyifjcif;ukd vkH;vkH;BuHKawGU
cHpm;Mu&rnfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkYd\pdwfoabmrsm; ocifc&pfawmfESifh
ykdío@mefwlvmzkdY&eftwGuf avmuDqefaom tawG;tac:rsm;ukd
uREfkyfwdYkjzwfawmufMu&rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf avmuDawG;ac:
ykHrsm;ü qufít&omcHepfarsmaeMuvQif ocifc&pfawmf\pdwf
oabmESihf jyKrlusihfBuHykHwkdYukd uREkfyfü&&SdMuzdkY rnfokdYarQmfvihfEkdifrnf
enf;/ vla[mif;ukdcRwfy,fjcif;qkdonfrSm ocifa,½Iukdbkef;rxif&Sm;
apaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukd,fukd {nfhcHazsmfajzjcif;twGuf
tcsdefukdavsmhí tokH;jyKjcif;ESihfqkdifonf/
uREfkyfwkdY\pdwftm½kHrsm;ukd avmuDESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;ü
r[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocifESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;ü pwifpl;pkdufxm;Muaom
tcg uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfoabmxm;ESihf jyKrlusihfBuHykHkwkdYwGif tajymif;tvJ
wpfckukduREkfyfwkdY jrifawGU&ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYukdajzazsmfay;aom
t&mrsm;onf wjznf;jznf;ESihf4if;wkdY\qGJaqmifEdkifpGrf;rsm;ukd qkH;½IH;vm
Muygrnf/ ocifa,½Itay:ü uREkfyfwkdYykdítm½kHpl;pkdufavav? ukd,f
awmf&Sif\vSywifhw,frIukd uREkfyffwkdYykdíem;vnfvmavavjzpfonf/
ocifa,&IudkuREkfyfwkdYykdíem;vnfvmí ydkNyD;tm½kHpl;pkdufavav
þavmut&mrsm;tm; vkdcsifwyfrufrIESihf tav;xm;rIrsm;onf
uREkfyfwkdYwGifykdíavsmhenf;vmavavjzpfygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfvl
a[mif;ukd 4if;\avmuDqefaom t,ltqrsm;tm;vkH;ESihftwl
pwifcRwfy,fí bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfESihf &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd &SmBuH
aomtcg? þtcsif;t&mu bk&m;ocifukd uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfoabmxm;
rsm;tm;topfjyKjyifay;&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? xkdpdwfoabmrsm;ukd
rdrd\pdwfESvkH;? rdrd\tvkdawmfwkYdESihf ykdíwajy;wnf;jzpfvmapzdkY
aqmifusOf;ay;&eftwGufvnf;aumif; vrf;zGihfay;ygonf/
olwkdYonf oefU&Sif;jcif;yg&rDESihf rSefaomajzmifhrwfjcif;wkdYjzihf ,lwif
0wfaqmifjcif;cHcJhMu &ygvdrfhrnf (i,f 24)/
bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;ESihftnDtouf&Sif
&efwm0efukd uREkfyfqGJ,laomtcgü 'kwd,ajrmuf jzpfysufvmaom
t&mrSm uREkfyfwkdY\jzpfwnfrIwpfckvkH;tm; ajzmihfrwfjcif;ESihf oefY&Sif;
jcif;wkdYjzihf vTrf;NcHKcH&onftjzpfukd pwif&SmazGawGU&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom tawG;tac:ESihftwl vkH;vkH;opfvGifaom vlopf
vnf;ygvmygonf/ uREfkyfwkdY\pdwfoabmxm;rsm;ESihf vkyfykHukdifykHrsm;
onf ajymif;vJjcif;cH&onf/ tjypf'kp½kdufukd uREkfyfwkdYawmifhwrIrSm
vnf; auR;arG;jyKpkrSomBuD;xGm;vmEkdifonfh tajctaewGifom &Sdaeyg
onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf tjypf'kp½kduftay:üvnf;aumif; Zmwdyuwd
pdwf\awmifhwrIta[mif;rsm;tay:üvnf;aumif; taojzpfMuaom
tcg xkdt&mrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYtxJü ajcmufaoGUn§dK;EGrf;í avsmhyg;
vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm238 239
vGihfaysmufoGm;Muygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf &efolukdckcH qD;wm;Muonf
ESihftrQ &efolonf uREkfyfwkdYxHrSxGufajy;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf (,mukyf 4;7)/
uREkfyfwkdY\jzpfwnfrIwpfckvkH;onf ajymif;vJjcif;cH&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
,cifESihfrwlawmhyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmonfykdí ajzmifhrwfvmNyD;
ykdíoefY&Sif;vmygonf/
&Sifaygvkonf þae&mwGif tvkyftusifhwGifwnfrSDaom
bmoma&;wpfckukd jr§ihfwiftm;ay;aejcif;r[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
vla[mif;\vrf;pOfrsm;üaoí vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;wGif
ukd,fhukd,fukd ESdrfhcspGmvufeufcsí qufuyftyfESHaomtcgüomvQif
atmifEkdifjcif;onf c&pf,mefwpfa,muf\ toufwmwGifa&muf&Sd
vmrnfjzpfaMumif; &Sifaygvkuajymjyaejcif;omjzpfonf/ emcHjcif;
tm;jzihfom ajymif;vJjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü jrifawGUEkdifrnf
jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifaeaomt&m
ESihfyl;aygif;vkyfaqmifMuzkYd &Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYukdcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;
aeygonf/ ppfrSefaomoefY&Sif;jcif;ESihf ajzmifhrwfjcif;okdYoGm;&mvrf;
onf bk&m;ocifESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkYu uREkfyfwkdYtxJü
vkyfaqmifaeaomtrIawmfxHü vufeufcsíemcHjcif;ukd vkdtyfonf/
þtaMumif;aMumihf &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
tvGefowfowfrSwfrSwf&Sdaom enf;vrf;tcsKdUjzihf wkdufwGef;EId;aqmf
cJhonf (i,f 25-32)/ yxrtaejzihf olwkdYonfrkompum;ajymjcif;
ukd &yfwefYítrSefw&m;ukdom ajymqkdMu&rnfjzpfonf/ ½kd;om;ajzmifhrSef
jcif;onf toif;awmfNidrf;csrf;pGmjzihf vnfywf&eftwGuf r&Sdrjzpf
vkdtyfonf/ rkompum;ajymjcif;wGif csJUum;ajymqkdjcif;? vdrfvnfvSnfh
pm;jcif;? rkdufrJaomuwdu0wfrsm;? rSm;,Gif;aomqifajcqifvufrsm;
ponfwkdYyg0ifonf/
'kwd,taejzihf olwkdYonftrsufa'goxGufaecsdefwGif tjypf
usL;vGefzkdY pkHprf;aESmuf,SufcH&jcif;ukd ckcHqD;wm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf (i,f
26)/ trsufa'go[kqkd&mwGif w&m;rQwrIr&Sdjcif;ESihf raumif;rI'kp½kduf
ukd rkef;wD;aomtrsufa'go&SdouJhokdY? wpfukd,faumif;qefaom
awmifhwrIqE´rsm;udk uzsufu,ufvkyfcH&jcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaom
trsufa'govnf;&Sdonf/ okdYaomf w&m;rQwí ajzmifhrSefaomtrsuf
a'goyifvQif tvsiftjrefukdifwG,fajz&Sif;jcif;r&Sdygu em;Munf;cg;oD;
rItjzpfokdY ajymif;vJoGm;Ekdifygonf/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;
rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\pdwfESvkH;xJüvnf;aumif;? 4if;wkdY\toif;awmfü
vnf;aumif; pmwefudkajcukyf,lcGihfr&SdapMuzkdY 4if;wkdY\trsufa'goukd
aer0ifrD aeYpOfy,fzsufMuzkdY tBuHay;cJhonf/
pmwefonf em;Munf;cg;oD;rI (okdY) trsufa'goukd uREkfyfwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;xJü pkdufysKd;jcif;trIwGif atmifjrifoGm;aomtcg rnfonfh
t&mrsm;jzpfysufrnfukd ajymjyzkdYrvkdyg/ wpfpkHwpfa,mufu pmwefukd
rdrd\toufwmxJokdY 0ifa&mufvm&ef wHcg;zGihfay;aomaMumihf toif;
awmfwpfckvkH; zsufqD;jcif;cH&ygonf/ vlwkdYurdrdwkdY\ trsufa'goukd
ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;jcif;rvkyfMuaomaMumihf oufaocHcsufrsm;rSm zsufqD;
cH&NyD;? ,kHMunfolrsm;rSm okd;tkyfxJrSxGufívrf;vGJoGm;cJhMuum? ocif
c&pfawmf\emrawmfrSmvnf; ½kyf&ihfMurf;wrf;pGm apmfum;ajymqkdcH
vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm238 239
vGihfaysmufoGm;Muygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf &efolukdckcH qD;wm;Muonf
ESihftrQ &efolonf uREkfyfwkdYxHrSxGufajy;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf (,mukyf 4;7)/
uREkfyfwkdY\jzpfwnfrIwpfckvkH;onf ajymif;vJjcif;cH&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
,cifESihfrwlawmhyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmonfykdí ajzmifhrwfvmNyD;
ykdíoefY&Sif;vmygonf/
&Sifaygvkonf þae&mwGif tvkyftusifhwGifwnfrSDaom
bmoma&;wpfckukd jr§ihfwiftm;ay;aejcif;r[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
vla[mif;\vrf;pOfrsm;üaoí vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;wGif
ukd,fhukd,fukd ESdrfhcspGmvufeufcsí qufuyftyfESHaomtcgüomvQif
atmifEkdifjcif;onf c&pf,mefwpfa,muf\ toufwmwGifa&muf&Sd
vmrnfjzpfaMumif; &Sifaygvkuajymjyaejcif;omjzpfonf/ emcHjcif;
tm;jzihfom ajymif;vJjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü jrifawGUEkdifrnf
jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifaeaomt&m
ESihfyl;aygif;vkyfaqmifMuzkYd &Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYukdcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;
aeygonf/ ppfrSefaomoefY&Sif;jcif;ESihf ajzmifhrwfjcif;okdYoGm;&mvrf;
onf bk&m;ocifESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkYu uREkfyfwkdYtxJü
vkyfaqmifaeaomtrIawmfxHü vufeufcsíemcHjcif;ukd vkdtyfonf/
þtaMumif;aMumihf &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
tvGefowfowfrSwfrSwf&Sdaom enf;vrf;tcsKdUjzihf wkdufwGef;EId;aqmf
cJhonf (i,f 25-32)/ yxrtaejzihf olwkdYonfrkompum;ajymjcif;
ukd &yfwefYítrSefw&m;ukdom ajymqkdMu&rnfjzpfonf/ ½kd;om;ajzmifhrSef
jcif;onf toif;awmfNidrf;csrf;pGmjzihf vnfywf&eftwGuf r&Sdrjzpf
vkdtyfonf/ rkompum;ajymjcif;wGif csJUum;ajymqkdjcif;? vdrfvnfvSnfh
pm;jcif;? rkdufrJaomuwdu0wfrsm;? rSm;,Gif;aomqifajcqifvufrsm;
ponfwkdYyg0ifonf/
'kwd,taejzihf olwkdYonftrsufa'goxGufaecsdefwGif tjypf
usL;vGefzkdY pkHprf;aESmuf,SufcH&jcif;ukd ckcHqD;wm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf (i,f
26)/ trsufa'go[kqkd&mwGif w&m;rQwrIr&Sdjcif;ESihf raumif;rI'kp½kduf
ukd rkef;wD;aomtrsufa'go&SdouJhokdY? wpfukd,faumif;qefaom
awmifhwrIqE´rsm;udk uzsufu,ufvkyfcH&jcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaom
trsufa'govnf;&Sdonf/ okdYaomf w&m;rQwí ajzmifhrSefaomtrsuf
a'goyifvQif tvsiftjrefukdifwG,fajz&Sif;jcif;r&Sdygu em;Munf;cg;oD;
rItjzpfokdY ajymif;vJoGm;Ekdifygonf/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;
rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\pdwfESvkH;xJüvnf;aumif;? 4if;wkdY\toif;awmfü
vnf;aumif; pmwefudkajcukyf,lcGihfr&SdapMuzkdY 4if;wkdY\trsufa'goukd
aer0ifrD aeYpOfy,fzsufMuzkdY tBuHay;cJhonf/
pmwefonf em;Munf;cg;oD;rI (okdY) trsufa'goukd uREkfyfwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;xJü pkdufysKd;jcif;trIwGif atmifjrifoGm;aomtcg rnfonfh
t&mrsm;jzpfysufrnfukd ajymjyzkdYrvkdyg/ wpfpkHwpfa,mufu pmwefukd
rdrd\toufwmxJokdY 0ifa&mufvm&ef wHcg;zGihfay;aomaMumihf toif;
awmfwpfckvkH; zsufqD;jcif;cH&ygonf/ vlwkdYurdrdwkdY\ trsufa'goukd
ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;jcif;rvkyfMuaomaMumihf oufaocHcsufrsm;rSm zsufqD;
cH&NyD;? ,kHMunfolrsm;rSm okd;tkyfxJrSxGufívrf;vGJoGm;cJhMuum? ocif
c&pfawmf\emrawmfrSmvnf; ½kyf&ihfMurf;wrf;pGm apmfum;ajymqkdcH
vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm240 241
cJh&ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf pmweftm;þtcGihfta&;ukd ray;Ekdifyg/
uREkfyfwkdY\ trsufa'goukdukdifwG,fajz&Sif;jcif;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf pmwef
ukd wufwuf<u<uckcHqD;wm;EkdifMuygonf/
wwd,taejzihf {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;\
ypönf;Opömrsm;ukd rw&m;ojzihfjyKrljcif;tm;&yfwefYMu&rnfjzpfonf
(i,f 28)/ ckd;,lwwfaomolrsm;onf rdrdwkdY\toufarG;rItwGuf ukd,f
wkdifpwiftvkyfvkyfMu&rnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf BudK;pm;í ½kd;om;
ajzmihfrwfu *kPfodu©m&Sdaomtvkyfukd *kPfjyKygonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihf
opömapmifhodí tvkyfBudK;pm;aomolrsm;onf usKd;aMumif;qDavsmf
rI&Sdaom ½kyfykdif;qkdif&mvkdtyfcsufrsm; &Sdaeonfholrsm;ukd rQa0ay;urf;
EkdifMurnfjzpfonf/
pwkw¬taejzihf olwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\EIwfyg;pyfrS roefY&Sif;? npf
nL;aom pum;rsm;ajymqkdjcif;ü jiif;qef&rnfjzpfonf(i,f 29)/ xkdokdY
jyKrnfhtpm;? olwkdYonftjcm;olrsm;ukd cGeftm;jzpfapí or®mw&m;ESihf
oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;rsm;ü vrf;jyay;Ekdifonfht&mrsm;ukdom ajymqkd
MuzkdY ckdifckdifrmrmqkH;jzwfxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ cyfodrf;aomemMunf;cg;
oD;jcif;? a'goykefxjcif;? pdwfqkd;jcif;? &efjzpfjcif;? oGm;ykwfavvTifh
ajymqkdjcif;? ,kwfrmonfhpdwfxm;&Sdjcif;wkdYukd Muifempdwf&Sdjcif;? oem;
u½kPmpdwf&Sdjcif;? cGihfvTwfay;jcif;wkdYjzihf tpm;xkd;Mu&rnfjzpfonf
(i,f 31-32)/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ZmwdyuwdpdwfwGifvnf;rao? vla[mif;\
vrf;pOfukdvnf; cRwfy,fjcif;r&SdMuvQif? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd
0rf;enf;ylaqG;apMurnfjzpfaMumif; tcef;i,f 30 wGif owdjyKyg/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYor®mw&m;vrf;rS vrf;vGJoGm;
aomtcg (okdY) or®mw&m;vrf;ukd ausmckdif;aomtcgwGif 0rf;enf;
ylaqG;rIukdcHpm;onfh yk*¾dKvfwpfyg;jzpfaMumif; þusrf;ykd'fu uREkffyffwkdYukd
jyoaeygonf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf 0rf;enf;ylaqG;aomtcg
0dnmOfawmfonf rdrd\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ESihf vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;
jcif;wkdYukd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmrS ½kyfodrf;oGm;ygonf/ þokdYjzpf
ysufaomtcgwGif uREkfyfwkdY\trIawmfvkyfief;rsm;rSm tpGrf;tprJhoGm;
Mu&onf/ 0dnmOfawmf0rf;enf;ylaqG;aomtcg c&pf,mefrsm;rSmvnf;
½IH;edrfhjcif;ü pwif&SifoefMu&onf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;wGif £oa&v
vlrsKd;rsm;u bk&m;ocifukd 0rf;enf;ylaqG;apMuaomtcg? wpfcsdefcsdef
wGif &efolonf 4if;wkdYxHokdY0ifa&mufvmNyD; 4if;wkdYukdtEkdif,loGm;cJhyg
onf/ olwkdYonf rdrdwdkY\&efolrsm;ukd tEkdif,lEkdifzkdY tultnDrJhaecJh
MuNyD;? bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukdvnf; rcHpm;Mu&awmhyg/
olwkdYonf uswfwD;ajrü rkd;acgifajcmufaoGUjcif;ESihftwl ypfxm;jcif;cHcJh
Mu&onf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif0dnmOfawmf\aumif;BuD;r*FvmESihf
vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;jcif;wkdYukd rdrdwkdYxHrS ESifxkwfcJhMuaomaMumifh
bk&m;ocifESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukd arGUavsmfjcif;r&SdEkdifMuawmhyg/
bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm uREkfyfwkdY
onfvla[mif;ukd y,fzsufMuzkdY vkdtyfonf/ ,ckwGifuREkfyfwkdYonf ocif
c&pfawmfütopfjyKjyifxm;aom owå0grsm;jzpfMuNyD;? xkdokdYjzpfae
aomaMumifh uREfkyfwkdY\ueOD;vrf;pOfrsm;ESihftnD touf&Sifír&awmh
vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm240 241
cJh&ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf pmweftm;þtcGihfta&;ukd ray;Ekdifyg/
uREkfyfwkdY\ trsufa'goukdukdifwG,fajz&Sif;jcif;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf pmwef
ukd wufwuf<u<uckcHqD;wm;EkdifMuygonf/
wwd,taejzihf {zuftoif;om;rsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;\
ypönf;Opömrsm;ukd rw&m;ojzihfjyKrljcif;tm;&yfwefYMu&rnfjzpfonf
(i,f 28)/ ckd;,lwwfaomolrsm;onf rdrdwkdY\toufarG;rItwGuf ukd,f
wkdifpwiftvkyfvkyfMu&rnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf BudK;pm;í ½kd;om;
ajzmihfrwfu *kPfodu©m&Sdaomtvkyfukd *kPfjyKygonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihf
opömapmifhodí tvkyfBudK;pm;aomolrsm;onf usKd;aMumif;qDavsmf
rI&Sdaom ½kyfykdif;qkdif&mvkdtyfcsufrsm; &Sdaeonfholrsm;ukd rQa0ay;urf;
EkdifMurnfjzpfonf/
pwkw¬taejzihf olwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\EIwfyg;pyfrS roefY&Sif;? npf
nL;aom pum;rsm;ajymqkdjcif;ü jiif;qef&rnfjzpfonf(i,f 29)/ xkdokdY
jyKrnfhtpm;? olwkdYonftjcm;olrsm;ukd cGeftm;jzpfapí or®mw&m;ESihf
oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;rsm;ü vrf;jyay;Ekdifonfht&mrsm;ukdom ajymqkd
MuzkdY ckdifckdifrmrmqkH;jzwfxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ cyfodrf;aomemMunf;cg;
oD;jcif;? a'goykefxjcif;? pdwfqkd;jcif;? &efjzpfjcif;? oGm;ykwfavvTifh
ajymqkdjcif;? ,kwfrmonfhpdwfxm;&Sdjcif;wkdYukd Muifempdwf&Sdjcif;? oem;
u½kPmpdwf&Sdjcif;? cGihfvTwfay;jcif;wkdYjzihf tpm;xkd;Mu&rnfjzpfonf
(i,f 31-32)/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ZmwdyuwdpdwfwGifvnf;rao? vla[mif;\
vrf;pOfukdvnf; cRwfy,fjcif;r&SdMuvQif? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd
0rf;enf;ylaqG;apMurnfjzpfaMumif; tcef;i,f 30 wGif owdjyKyg/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYor®mw&m;vrf;rS vrf;vGJoGm;
aomtcg (okdY) or®mw&m;vrf;ukd ausmckdif;aomtcgwGif 0rf;enf;
ylaqG;rIukdcHpm;onfh yk*¾dKvfwpfyg;jzpfaMumif; þusrf;ykd'fu uREkffyffwkdYukd
jyoaeygonf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf 0rf;enf;ylaqG;aomtcg
0dnmOfawmfonf rdrd\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ESihf vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;
jcif;wkdYukd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmrS ½kyfodrf;oGm;ygonf/ þokdYjzpf
ysufaomtcgwGif uREkfyfwkdY\trIawmfvkyfief;rsm;rSm tpGrf;tprJhoGm;
Mu&onf/ 0dnmOfawmf0rf;enf;ylaqG;aomtcg c&pf,mefrsm;rSmvnf;
½IH;edrfhjcif;ü pwif&SifoefMu&onf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;wGif £oa&v
vlrsKd;rsm;u bk&m;ocifukd 0rf;enf;ylaqG;apMuaomtcg? wpfcsdefcsdef
wGif &efolonf 4if;wkdYxHokdY0ifa&mufvmNyD; 4if;wkdYukdtEkdif,loGm;cJhyg
onf/ olwkdYonf rdrdwdkY\&efolrsm;ukd tEkdif,lEkdifzkdY tultnDrJhaecJh
MuNyD;? bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukdvnf; rcHpm;Mu&awmhyg/
olwkdYonf uswfwD;ajrü rkd;acgifajcmufaoGUjcif;ESihftwl ypfxm;jcif;cHcJh
Mu&onf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif0dnmOfawmf\aumif;BuD;r*FvmESihf
vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;jcif;wkdYukd rdrdwkdYxHrS ESifxkwfcJhMuaomaMumifh
bk&m;ocifESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukd arGUavsmfjcif;r&SdEkdifMuawmhyg/
bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm uREkfyfwkdY
onfvla[mif;ukd y,fzsufMuzkdY vkdtyfonf/ ,ckwGifuREkfyfwkdYonf ocif
c&pfawmfütopfjyKjyifxm;aom owå0grsm;jzpfMuNyD;? xkdokdYjzpfae
aomaMumifh uREfkyfwkdY\ueOD;vrf;pOfrsm;ESihftnD touf&Sifír&awmh
vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm242
aMumif;ukd oabmaygufMu&rnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\om;orD;
rsm;tjzpfESihf ,ckwGifuREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ociftwGuf &Sifoefjcif;?
bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfukd vkyfaqmifjcif;wdkYü ukd,fhukd,fukd qufuyf
tyfESHMu&rnfjzpfonf/ þokdYjyKvkyfjcif;wGif uREkfyfwkdYbufrStvGefwdus
aocsmaom BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIwpfckvkdtyfygonf/ vla[mif;\vrf;pOf
rsm;tm;y,fcRwfjcif;ü udk,fhukd,fukdqufuyftyfESHjcif;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf
pmwefukdckcHqD;wm;í bk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm; uREfkyf
wkdYtoufwmütvkyfvkyfzkdY ae&may;Muygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&efolukd oihf&JUtawG;tac:ESifh oihf&JUvkyf&yfrsm;üqufí
vTrf;rkd;&ef oifcGihfjyKaeaom enf;vrf;rsm;&Sdygovm;/
ocifa,½Ionf oihf&JUtjypfrsm;ukd cGihfvTwfay;íoifhukd
u,fwifcJhaomtcsdefwGif oihftoufwmü rnfonfhxl;jcm;
ajymif;vJrIrsm;ukd jyKkvkyfcJhygoenf;/
avmuDo@mefaqmif&ef pkHprf;aESmuf,SufcH&jcif;ukd oifrnf
onfhenf;vrf;rsm;jzihf cHpm;ae&ygoenf;/ oifonf&efol\
tvG,fwulpkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;ukd rnfonfhae&mwGif cH&yg
oenf;/
bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:í jzpfvmapvkdaom om;
orD;rsm;jzpfvmzkdY uREkfyfwkdYBudK;pm;tm;xkwf&rnfh t&mrsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;í þtykdif;u rnfokdYoGefoifay;xm;ygoenf;/
tvkyftusihfukdtrSDjyKaombmoma&;wpfckESihf bk&m;0wfü
arGUavsmfaom pnf;urf;ao0yfonfh toufwmwpfck\jcm;em;
csufrSmtb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifhtoufwmü &efoltm;ajcukyfwpfckukd ,lcGihfay;cJhonfh
rnfonfhenf;vrf;ukdrqkd azmfxkwfjyoay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukd
awmif;avQmufyg/ þt&mrsm;ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukd oihftm;
ay;oem;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\0dnmOfawmfESihfvnf;aumif;? oifhtouf
wmüocifc&pfawmfukd &SmBuHvkdaomppfrSefonfh pdwfqE´wpfck
ESifhvnf;aumif; topfwpfzefjynfhaeapzkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtoufwmü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\trIawmfukd
[efYwm;aESmuf,Sufaeonfh rnfonfht&mukdrqkd oifvkdvkd
vm;vm;z,f&Sm;EkdifzkdY ulnDrpay;&ef bk&m;ocifukd awmif;
avQmufyg/
vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
243
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm242
aMumif;ukd oabmaygufMu&rnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\om;orD;
rsm;tjzpfESihf ,ckwGifuREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ociftwGuf &Sifoefjcif;?
bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfukd vkyfaqmifjcif;wdkYü ukd,fhukd,fukd qufuyf
tyfESHMu&rnfjzpfonf/ þokdYjyKvkyfjcif;wGif uREkfyfwkdYbufrStvGefwdus
aocsmaom BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIwpfckvkdtyfygonf/ vla[mif;\vrf;pOf
rsm;tm;y,fcRwfjcif;ü udk,fhukd,fukdqufuyftyfESHjcif;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf
pmwefukdckcHqD;wm;í bk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm; uREfkyf
wkdYtoufwmütvkyfvkyfzkdY ae&may;Muygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&efolukd oihf&JUtawG;tac:ESifh oihf&JUvkyf&yfrsm;üqufí
vTrf;rkd;&ef oifcGihfjyKaeaom enf;vrf;rsm;&Sdygovm;/
ocifa,½Ionf oihf&JUtjypfrsm;ukd cGihfvTwfay;íoifhukd
u,fwifcJhaomtcsdefwGif oihftoufwmü rnfonfhxl;jcm;
ajymif;vJrIrsm;ukd jyKkvkyfcJhygoenf;/
avmuDo@mefaqmif&ef pkHprf;aESmuf,SufcH&jcif;ukd oifrnf
onfhenf;vrf;rsm;jzihf cHpm;ae&ygoenf;/ oifonf&efol\
tvG,fwulpkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;ukd rnfonfhae&mwGif cH&yg
oenf;/
bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:í jzpfvmapvkdaom om;
orD;rsm;jzpfvmzkdY uREkfyfwkdYBudK;pm;tm;xkwf&rnfh t&mrsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;í þtykdif;u rnfokdYoGefoifay;xm;ygoenf;/
tvkyftusihfukdtrSDjyKaombmoma&;wpfckESihf bk&m;0wfü
arGUavsmfaom pnf;urf;ao0yfonfh toufwmwpfck\jcm;em;
csufrSmtb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifhtoufwmü &efoltm;ajcukyfwpfckukd ,lcGihfay;cJhonfh
rnfonfhenf;vrf;ukdrqkd azmfxkwfjyoay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukd
awmif;avQmufyg/ þt&mrsm;ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukd oihftm;
ay;oem;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\0dnmOfawmfESihfvnf;aumif;? oifhtouf
wmüocifc&pfawmfukd &SmBuHvkdaomppfrSefonfh pdwfqE´wpfck
ESifhvnf;aumif; topfwpfzefjynfhaeapzkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtoufwmü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\trIawmfukd
[efYwm;aESmuf,Sufaeonfh rnfonfht&mukdrqkd oifvkdvkd
vm;vm;z,f&Sm;EkdifzkdY ulnDrpay;&ef bk&m;ocifukd awmif;
avQmufyg/
vlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;
243
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
2121
2121
21
tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif;tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif;
tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif;tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif;
tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif;
{zuf 5;1-21 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonf vla[mif;
ukdy,fcRwfí bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;ozG,f touf&SifMu&rnf
jzpfaMumif;today;cJhonf/ xkdYtjyif? ocifa,½Iukd rdrdwkdY\u,fwif
ykdif&Siftjzpf vufrcHrDtcsdefü &SdcJhaom4if;wkdY\0dnmOfa&;tajctae
ukdvnf; &Sifaygvku today;cJhonf/ ,ckwGif 4if;wkdYonf ocifc&pf
awmfESihfpyfqkdifaomolrsm;jzpfaeMuonfhtwGuf 4if;wkdY\jyKrlvkyfaqmif
ykHrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfüwnfaeaom 4if;wkdY\topfaomtoufwm
ukda&mifjyef[yfaezkdY vkdtyfaMumif;ajymjycJhonf/
bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonfhenf;wl? {zuftoif;
om;rsm;onf aumif;uifbkH&Sd 4if;wkdY\crnf;awmftm; wkyítouf&Sif
olrsm;jzpfMu&rnfjzpfonf (i,f 1)/ þavmuokdY <uqif;vmí bk&m;
ocif\om;orD;rsm;twGuf bk&m;ocifxHü ,Zfaumiftjzpf tao
cHcJhjcif;jzihf crnf;awmf\cspfjcif;arwåmukd ocifa,½IukdxkwfazmfaMu
nmcJhouJhokdY? {zuftoif;om;rsm;onfvnf; bk&m;ocif\om;orD;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
2121
2121
21
tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif;tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif;
tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif;tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif;
tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif;
{zuf 5;1-21 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonf vla[mif;
ukdy,fcRwfí bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;ozG,f touf&SifMu&rnf
jzpfaMumif;today;cJhonf/ xkdYtjyif? ocifa,½Iukd rdrdwkdY\u,fwif
ykdif&Siftjzpf vufrcHrDtcsdefü &SdcJhaom4if;wkdY\0dnmOfa&;tajctae
ukdvnf; &Sifaygvku today;cJhonf/ ,ckwGif 4if;wkdYonf ocifc&pf
awmfESihfpyfqkdifaomolrsm;jzpfaeMuonfhtwGuf 4if;wkdY\jyKrlvkyfaqmif
ykHrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfüwnfaeaom 4if;wkdY\topfaomtoufwm
ukda&mifjyef[yfaezkdY vkdtyfaMumif;ajymjycJhonf/
bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonfhenf;wl? {zuftoif;
om;rsm;onf aumif;uifbkH&Sd 4if;wkdY\crnf;awmftm; wkyítouf&Sif
olrsm;jzpfMu&rnfjzpfonf (i,f 1)/ þavmuokdY <uqif;vmí bk&m;
ocif\om;orD;rsm;twGuf bk&m;ocifxHü ,Zfaumiftjzpf tao
cHcJhjcif;jzihf crnf;awmf\cspfjcif;arwåmukd ocifa,½IukdxkwfazmfaMu
nmcJhouJhokdY? {zuftoif;om;rsm;onfvnf; bk&m;ocif\om;orD;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm246 247tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif;
rsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm 4if;wkdY\toufwmonf bk&m;ocif\cspf
jcif;arwåmukd a&mifjyef[yfap&rnfjzpfonf (i,f 2)/ ocifa,½Ionf
þavmuokdY <uqif;vmcsdefwGif ukd,fawmfonf toufaoonfhwkdif
crnf;awmfxHü ukd,fhukd,fukd vkdvkdvm;vm;qufuyftyfESHcJhygonf/
ocifc&pfawmf\taocHjcif;onf aumif;uifbkH&Sd crnf;awmftwGuf
arT;BudKifaom&eHYwpfckjzpfNyD;? crnf;awmf\trsufukd t<uif;rJhauseyf
ajyaysmufapcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; ocif
a,½Iukd4if;wkdY\ ykHOyrmtjzpf&,lMuzkdY arQmfvihfcJhonf/ pBuF0|mBuD;\
t&Sifocifjzpfawmfrlaom ocifa,½Iu{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf
rdrd\toufwmukd tjrwfwEkd;ay;tyfcJhvQif 4if;wkdYuvnf; ukd,fawmf
twGuf rnfodkYavsmhavsmhayghayghvkyfEkdifcJhMurnfenf;/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmf\ ajcvSrf;twkdif;vkdufavQmuf
&rnfjzpfonf/ oifonfocifbk&m;üwnfaom oihf&JUnDtpfukd
armifESrrsm;ESihf qufqH&if;ESD;rIukd rnfokdYo½kyfazmfrnfenf;/ oif
onfpGefYvTwftepfemcHaom aexkdifrIykHpHjzihftouf&Sifygovm;/
oifonf ocifa,½IuJhokdY oihf&JUvkyfykdifcGifhrsm;ukd tjcm;olrsm;\
aumif;&maumif;usKd;twGuf vkdvkdvm;vm;pGefYvTwfay;tyfygrnfvm;/
bk&m;ocifESihf oifh&JUqufqH&if;ESD;rI rnfokdY&Sdoenf;/ oifonf bk&m;
ocifukdemcHjcif;onfhtaejzifhoihftoufwmukd vkdvkdvm;vm; pGefYvTwf
tepfemcHygrnfvm;/ bk&m;ociftay:üxm;&Sdaom oihf&JUcspfjcif;
arwåmukdjyozkdYtvkdYiSg oihftoufwmukd oihf&JUu,fwifykdif&Sifvkyf
aqmifoGm;cJhouJhokdY paw;ygrnfvm;/ oihf&JUxifay:ausmfMum;rIukd
oifhpGefYvTwfygrnfvm;/ oifonf bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfukd wkd;wuf
jyefYyGm;vmap&eftwGuf oihf&JUrmefrmeukd rsKdodyfxm;ygrnfvm;/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;ukd cspfjcif;arwåmtm;
uajymif;ujyefjyKjcif;\ ]]t&dyft>ruf}} wpfckyif 4if;wkdYtv,fü r&Sd
oifhaMumif;today;cJhonf (i,f 3)/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif ,kHMunf
olrsm;onf tjypf'kp½kdufukd vkyfaqmifjcif;ESihf cyfa0;a0;wGifae&rnf
jzpfNyD;? xkdtjypf'kp½kdufonf usef&Sdaeaomukd,fcE¨mwpfckvkH;ukd rul;puf
rD? 4if;\wpGef;wpfpusef&Sdaeaom vu©Pmukdyifcsufcsif;ukdifwG,f
ajz&Sif;zkdY&SmBuHMu&rnfjzpfonf/ tay;t,lenf;jzihfn§dEIdif;Muaom
þacwfumvBuD;&Sd toif;awmfonf þusrf;ykd'fukdtav;teufxm;
zkdYvkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þavmuBuD;ESihfvnf;aumif;? 4if;\awmifh
wrIrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif; ya&my&nfvkyfaeír&yg/ uREkfyfwkYdonf
raumif;rI'kp½kduf\ tao;i,fqkH;aom taxmuftxm;rSyif ajy;
a&SmifMu&rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf xdkodkYausmckdif;íajy;xGufroGm;
rDü wpfcsufa0hMunfh&ef (okdY) wpf&pf0J0Jvkyfae&ef tb,frQpkHprf;cH&
ygoenf;/ &Sifaygvku ,kHMunfolrsm;onf tjypf'kp½kduf\t&dyft>ruf
uav;ukdyif awGUvkduf&onfESihf ajy;a&SmifMu&rnfjzpfaMumif; uREkfyfwkdY
ukdajymjyaeygonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm; owdxm;&rnfh tjypf'kp½kduf
tcsKdUukdtcef;i,f 3-5 wGifpm&if;jyKpkxm;ygonf/ olwkdYukdrw&m;
aomarxkefürSD0Jjcif;? cyfodrf;aom npfnL;jcif;wkdY\ t&dyft>rufrS
ajy;a&SmifMuzkdY pdefac:cJhonf/ þt&mwGif umr*kPfazmufjyefjcif;
tjypf\ykHpHtm;vkH;yg0ifonf/ tdrfaxmifa&;wGif opömr&Sdjcif;?
vufrxyfrD umr*kPfqufqHjcif;? npfnrf;½kyf&SifpmayponfwkdY
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm246 247tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif;
rsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm 4if;wkdY\toufwmonf bk&m;ocif\cspf
jcif;arwåmukd a&mifjyef[yfap&rnfjzpfonf (i,f 2)/ ocifa,½Ionf
þavmuokdY <uqif;vmcsdefwGif ukd,fawmfonf toufaoonfhwkdif
crnf;awmfxHü ukd,fhukd,fukd vkdvkdvm;vm;qufuyftyfESHcJhygonf/
ocifc&pfawmf\taocHjcif;onf aumif;uifbkH&Sd crnf;awmftwGuf
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ocifa,½Iqif;<uvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtxJü&Sdaom ukd,fawmf
\0dnmOfawmfu þtjypfrsm;ukdaz:jyay;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;
ociftwGuf pufqkyf&GHU&SmzG,fjzpfaomt&mrsm;\ wGef;vSefarmif;xkwf
jcif;ukd cH&oifhonf/ ,ckb0&Sdypönf;OpömykdifqkdifrIrsm;ESihf om,mrIrsm;
ukdbk&m;wpfqltjzpf zefwD;xm;jcif;onf ½kyfwkukd;uG,fjcif;omjzpf
onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ESpfqlukdrcpm;Ekdifyg/ þavmuDbk&m;
ukdcpm;aeMuvQif ppfrSefaombk&m;ukd rcpm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/
tjypf'kp½kduftm; w&m;pD&ifjcif;ESifh ywfoufí&Sifaygvk
oGefoifay;aom or®mw&m;ukd av;eufrIavsmhoGm;&ef Ekwfy,fwnf;
jzwfzkdY BudK;pm;aeaomolrsm;&SdcJhMuonf[k xifrSwf&onf (i,f 6)/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; EIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;ukd
vspfvsL½Ií remcHjcif;ü&SifoefcJhaomolrsm;tay:wGif bk&m;ocif\
trsufawmfusa&mufcJhrnfhtaMumif; today;cJhonf/ {zuftoif;
om;rsm;onf rnfonfhaumufuspfpOf;vJjcif;wGifrQ ryg0if&efjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\EkdfifiHrS toif;awmfrsm;wGifyif ukd,fusihfodu©mw&m;?
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;wkdYESihf pyfqkdifaomtajccHor®mw&m;rsm;ukd
av;eufrIavsmhoGm;&ef Ekwfy,fwnf;jzwfaerIukd uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUaeMu
&onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\teD;ywf0ef;usifü vkyfaqmifaeMuonfhtwkdif;
uREkfyfwkdY\ pHcsdefpHñTef;rsm;ukd avsmhcszkdY rBudK;pm;oifhyg/ tcef;i,f 7
wGif &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf
\ tajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya'orsm;ukd tmcHzDqefaomolrsm;ESihf rywf
oufMuzkdYajymcJhonf/
&Sifaygvku olwkdYukdtarSmifü qufvufítoufr&SifMuzkdY
ajymcJhon f(i,f 8)/ ocifa,½Ionf olwkdYukdtarSmifavmuxJrS ajz
vTwfay;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/ olwkdYonf ocifbk&m;\om;orD;rsm;ozG,f
touf&Sifí tvkH;pkHaomaumif;rGefjcif;? ajzmifhrwfjcif;? opömapmifhjcif;
wnf;[laomtvif;\toD;ukd toufwmüxif&Sm;apMu&rnfjzpf
onf/ wpfpkHwpfckonf tvkH;pkHaomaumif;rGefjcif;? ajzmifhrwfjcif;? opöm
apmifhjcif; pmar;yGJukdratmifvQif? uREkfyfwkdYonfxkdt&mxHrS ajy;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm252 253tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif;
a&Smifí? xkdt&mukd&efolxHrSvmaomt&mtjzpf azmfxkwfMu&rnf
jzpfonf (i,f11)/ uREkfyfwkdYonf tjypf'kp½kdufxHrS ajy;a&Smif&rnf
jzpfNyD;? u,fwifjcif;ukd vkdtyfaeaomtjypfom;xHrS ajy;a&Smif&rnf
r[kwfyg/
tcef;i,f 12 wGif&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
aumufuspfpOf;vJaomolrsm;u qdwfuG,f&müjyKvkyfaomt&mrsm;
taMumif;ukd ajymqkdjcif;onfyifvQif &SufzG,faomt&mjzpfaMumif;
ajymjycJhonf/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonf tjypf
ESihfraumif;rI'kp½kdufrsm;taMumif;ukd [movkyfjyuf&,fjyK&efr[kwf
aMumif;ukd tcef;i,f 4 wGifajymjycJhNyD;jzpfonf/ þtcef;i,f 12
wGif olwkdYonf bk&m;rJhw&m;rJhaomavmuü usihfBuHMuaomraumif;rI
'kp½kdufrsm;taMumif;ukd ajymqdkjcif;tm; a&Smif&Sm;oifhaMumif; ajymcJh
onf/ xkd'kp½kduftrIrsm;taMumif;ukdajymqkdjcif;onf xkdt&mrsm;udk
w&pf0J0Jaeítm½kHpl;pkdufrI&vmjcif;omjzpfonf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf tjypfom;rsm;u qdwfuG,f&müjyKvkyfaom
t&mESihfqkdifonfhtawG;rsm;? ykHvTmrsm;tm;jzihf rdrdwkdY\pdwfukd rnpfnL;
apoihfaMumif; &Sifaygvkuajymjyaeygonf/ uREkffyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif
ESihfompyfqkdifMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ ukd,fcE¨monf ukd,fawmf&Sif\Adrmef
awmfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfu xkduJhokdYaom'kp½kduftrIrsm;ü tm½kH
a&mufoGm;jcif;udk cGihfrjyKoihfyg/ xkdt&mrsm;onf ZmwdyuwdESihfqkdif
aomt&mrsm;jzpfí ewfqkd;\aphaqmfjcif;ukd cHxm;&aomt&mrsm;
tjzpfESihf todtrSwfjyK0efcHí 4if;wkdYxHrSajy;a&SmifMu&rnfjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; t&mcyfodrf;wkdYukd bk&m;
ocif\tvif;awmfqDokdYaqmif,lvmMuzkdY ajymcJhonf (i,f 13)/ arSmif
rkduf\toD;ukd bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\tvif;ü azmfxkwfaom
tcg 4if;onfodomxif&Sm;vmygonf (i,f 14)/ wpfaeYwGif bk&m;
ocifu t&mcyfodrf;ukdjrifomodomvmaprnfjzpfNyD;? tjypf'kp½kduf
\vQdKU0Sufcsufrsm;ukd azmfxkwfygvdrfhrnf/ &Sifaygvku {zufNrdKUrS
,kHMunfolrsm;tm; bk&m;rJhw&m;rJhaomtoufwm &SifoefykHrsm;ukd
owdjyKrdvmí 4if;wkdY\pdwfESvkH;tarSmifrS vQKdU0Sufae&mrsm; tay:ü
ocifc&pfawmf\tvif;ukd xGef;vif;awmufyapMu&ef pdefac:cJhonf/
þpdefac:csufonf ,aeYacwfumvrS uREkfyfwkdYESihfvnf; ouf
qkdifygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmrsm;ü arSmifrkdufjcif;rnfrQukd
0ifa&mufcGihfjyKaecJhaMumif; trSefw&m;üEdk;xvmMuzkdY uREkfyfwkdY tb,f
rQvkdtyfygoenf;/ uREfkyfwkdYrnfokdYtouf&SifMuí uREkfyfwkdY\tcsdeftm;
rnfokdYtokH;jyKaeMuonfukd qef;ppfMuzkdY &Sifaygvku uREkfyfwdkYukdowday;
xm;onf/ þavmuBuD;\ rwnfNrJaomt&mrsm;tay:ü uREkfyfwkdY\
tcsdefem&DrnfrQukd jzKef;wD;aeMuygoenf;/ npfnrf;aom tawG;rsm;udk
uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfrsm;ü jznfhoGif;&mwGif tcsdefrnfrQuREkfyfwkdY tokH;jyKMuyg
oenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYtouf&Sifaom acwfumvonf qkd;,kwfaomacwf
umvjzpfonf (i,f 16)/ pmwef\arSmifrkdufjcif;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;\
toufwmukdyif xkd;azmuf0ifa&mufaeMuygonf/ þtcsdefonf ta&;
,laqmif&GufrIukdvkyfí ocifc&pfawmf\tvif;awmfü ckdifcHhpGm&yfwnf
Mu&rnfhtcsdefjzpfonf/ þtcsdefonf bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;ESihf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm252 253tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif;
a&Smifí? xkdt&mukd&efolxHrSvmaomt&mtjzpf azmfxkwfMu&rnf
jzpfonf (i,f11)/ uREkfyfwkdYonf tjypf'kp½kdufxHrS ajy;a&Smif&rnf
jzpfNyD;? u,fwifjcif;ukd vkdtyfaeaomtjypfom;xHrS ajy;a&Smif&rnf
r[kwfyg/
tcef;i,f 12 wGif&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
aumufuspfpOf;vJaomolrsm;u qdwfuG,f&müjyKvkyfaomt&mrsm;
taMumif;ukd ajymqkdjcif;onfyifvQif &SufzG,faomt&mjzpfaMumif;
ajymjycJhonf/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonf tjypf
ESihfraumif;rI'kp½kdufrsm;taMumif;ukd [movkyfjyuf&,fjyK&efr[kwf
aMumif;ukd tcef;i,f 4 wGifajymjycJhNyD;jzpfonf/ þtcef;i,f 12
wGif olwkdYonf bk&m;rJhw&m;rJhaomavmuü usihfBuHMuaomraumif;rI
'kp½kdufrsm;taMumif;ukd ajymqdkjcif;tm; a&Smif&Sm;oifhaMumif; ajymcJh
onf/ xkd'kp½kduftrIrsm;taMumif;ukdajymqkdjcif;onf xkdt&mrsm;udk
w&pf0J0Jaeítm½kHpl;pkdufrI&vmjcif;omjzpfonf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf tjypfom;rsm;u qdwfuG,f&müjyKvkyfaom
t&mESihfqkdifonfhtawG;rsm;? ykHvTmrsm;tm;jzihf rdrdwkdY\pdwfukd rnpfnL;
apoihfaMumif; &Sifaygvkuajymjyaeygonf/ uREkffyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif
ESihfompyfqkdifMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ ukd,fcE¨monf ukd,fawmf&Sif\Adrmef
awmfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfu xkduJhokdYaom'kp½kduftrIrsm;ü tm½kH
a&mufoGm;jcif;udk cGihfrjyKoihfyg/ xkdt&mrsm;onf ZmwdyuwdESihfqkdif
aomt&mrsm;jzpfí ewfqkd;\aphaqmfjcif;ukd cHxm;&aomt&mrsm;
tjzpfESihf todtrSwfjyK0efcHí 4if;wkdYxHrSajy;a&SmifMu&rnfjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; t&mcyfodrf;wkdYukd bk&m;
ocif\tvif;awmfqDokdYaqmif,lvmMuzkdY ajymcJhonf (i,f 13)/ arSmif
rkduf\toD;ukd bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\tvif;ü azmfxkwfaom
tcg 4if;onfodomxif&Sm;vmygonf (i,f 14)/ wpfaeYwGif bk&m;
ocifu t&mcyfodrf;ukdjrifomodomvmaprnfjzpfNyD;? tjypf'kp½kduf
\vQdKU0Sufcsufrsm;ukd azmfxkwfygvdrfhrnf/ &Sifaygvku {zufNrdKUrS
,kHMunfolrsm;tm; bk&m;rJhw&m;rJhaomtoufwm &SifoefykHrsm;ukd
owdjyKrdvmí 4if;wkdY\pdwfESvkH;tarSmifrS vQKdU0Sufae&mrsm; tay:ü
ocifc&pfawmf\tvif;ukd xGef;vif;awmufyapMu&ef pdefac:cJhonf/
þpdefac:csufonf ,aeYacwfumvrS uREkfyfwkdYESihfvnf; ouf
qkdifygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmrsm;ü arSmifrkdufjcif;rnfrQukd
0ifa&mufcGihfjyKaecJhaMumif; trSefw&m;üEdk;xvmMuzkdY uREkfyfwkdY tb,f
rQvkdtyfygoenf;/ uREfkyfwkdYrnfokdYtouf&SifMuí uREkfyfwkdY\tcsdeftm;
rnfokdYtokH;jyKaeMuonfukd qef;ppfMuzkdY &Sifaygvku uREkfyfwdkYukdowday;
xm;onf/ þavmuBuD;\ rwnfNrJaomt&mrsm;tay:ü uREkfyfwkdY\
tcsdefem&DrnfrQukd jzKef;wD;aeMuygoenf;/ npfnrf;aom tawG;rsm;udk
uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfrsm;ü jznfhoGif;&mwGif tcsdefrnfrQuREkfyfwkdY tokH;jyKMuyg
oenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYtouf&Sifaom acwfumvonf qkd;,kwfaomacwf
umvjzpfonf (i,f 16)/ pmwef\arSmifrkdufjcif;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;\
toufwmukdyif xkd;azmuf0ifa&mufaeMuygonf/ þtcsdefonf ta&;
,laqmif&GufrIukdvkyfí ocifc&pfawmf\tvif;awmfü ckdifcHhpGm&yfwnf
Mu&rnfhtcsdefjzpfonf/ þtcsdefonf bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;ESihf
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm254
vnf;aumif;? cspfjcif;arwåmESihfvnf;aumif; uREkfyfwkdY\ESvkH;om;ESihf
uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfukd tiftm;jznfhwif;Mu&rnfhtcsdefjzpfonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihf
uREkfyfwkdYonf tarSmif\zkH;vTrf;jcif;ukd qefYusif&yfwnfEkdifMurnfjzpf
onf/ b0onftvGefwkdawmif;aomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYonf 0wfjyKukd;
uG,fjcif;ESihf tapcHjcif;wkdYtwGuf &orQtcGihfta&;ukd &,lMu&rnf
jzpfonf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwkdY\pdwfESvkH;om;rsm;ukd or®mw&m;\
tvif;ESihfrnfokdYjynfhapEkdifaMumif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í tBuHjyKcsuftcsKdUukd
&Sifaygvku tcef;i,f 17-20 wGifay;xm;onf/ yxrtaejzihf
&Sifaygvku pyspf&nfESihf,pfrl;jcif;ukda&SmifNyD;? bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf
ESihfjynfhpkHí xkd0dnmOfawmf\xdef;csKyfjcif;ukd cH,lMuzkdYajymcJhonf (i,f
18)/ oihftoufwm\ u@toD;oD;tm; bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfukd
xdef;csKyfapNyD;? rsufarSmufawmfwGif ukd,fhukd,fukdowd&Sd&Sdtouf&Sifyg/
0dnmOfawmfukd 0rf;renf;ygapESihf/ 0dnmOfawmf\ vrf;jyjcif;ESihf
OD;aqmifjcif;ü tnHhcHtyfESH&efoif,lzdkY or®musrf;pmukd zwf½Ijcif;jzihf
0dnmOfawmf\toHawmfonf rnfonfht&mESihfwlonfukd oif,lyg/
npfnrf;aomtawG;rsm;tm;vkH;ukd atmifEkdif&eftwGufvnf;aumif;?
aumif;rItrsKd;rsKd;twGuf aphaqmfay;&eftwGufvnf;aumif; 0dnmOf
awmf\wefckd;awmftay:ü rSDckdtm;xm;yg/ oifhtoufwm\ tpdwft
ykdif;toD;oD;ü 0dnmOfawmf\tvif;ESihf or®mw&m;ukdqD;BudKyg/
'kwd,taejzihf &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; tcsif;
csif;wpfa,mufukdwpfa,muf qmvHoDcsif;? "r®oDcsif;? 0dnmOfa&;
oDcsif;rsm;ESihf ajymqdkzwf&GwfMu&efajymcJhonf (i,f 19)/ oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfu oihftoufwmukd xdef;csKyfaomtcg oifonf0rf;ajrmuf
aeygvdrhfrnf/ oihfukd,fudkoif tjcm;aom,kHMunfolrsm;ESihf 0ef;&Hapí
olwkdYESihftwl wpfqlwnf;aomppfrSefawmfrlonfh bk&m;ocifukd ukd,f
awmf&Sif\ aus;Zl;awmf? cspfjcif;arwåmESihf u,fwifjcif;wkYdtwGuf
csD;rGrf;í aus;Zl;wifyg/ oifhpdwfESvkH;ukd bk&m;ociftm; csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihf
jynfhapí arSmifrkduf\qkd;npfaomtawG;rsm;ukd armif;xkwfyg/ oihfpdwf
ESihfEIwfyg;pyfwkdYukd bk&m;ociftm; oefY&Sif;aomukd;uG,fjcif;ESihf csD;rGrf;
jcif;wkdYjzifh jynfhaeapyg/
wwd,taejzihf? oifhtoufwmüa&muf&Sdvmaom t&mcyf
odrf;twGuf bk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;ukd aus;Zl;wifyg (i,f 20)/ 0dnmOf
awmfonf oihftoufwmukdxdef;csKyfaomtcg oifonf aus;Zl;wif
pdwfrsm;ESihf jynhfaeygvdrfhrnf/ wkdifwef;jcif;? NiD;wGm;jcif; wkdYukd&yfwefYyg/
oifhtoufwmü t&mcyfodrf;ukdaumif;usKd;twGuf tokH;jyKrnf[k
bk&m;ocifuuwday;cJhaMumif;ukd owd&yg/ &efolukd oifhpdwfxJü
tysufoabmaqmifí cg;oD;aomtawG;rsm;ESihfjynfhaeapcGihfukd ray;
ygESihf/ bk&m;ocif\aumif;jrwfjcif;ukd oHo,rjzpfygESihf/ xkdtpm;
aus;Zl;odwwfyg/ tcufcJqkH;tcsdefrsm;üyif aus;Zl;wifwwfaom
pdwfoabmxm;ukd ysKd;axmifyg/ &efol\pdwfqE´rSm oifhukdoHo,ESihf
pdwfysuftm;i,fjcif;tarSmifwkdYü xkd;usoGm;ap&efjzpfonf/ xkdokdY
tjzpfrcHygESihf/ þarSmifrkdufjcif;ukd bk&m;ociftm;aus;Zl;wifjcif;ESihf
csD;rGrf;jcif;tvif;jzihf wkdufxkwfyg/ bk&m;ocif tay:ü
tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif; 255
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm254
vnf;aumif;? cspfjcif;arwåmESihfvnf;aumif; uREkfyfwkdY\ESvkH;om;ESihf
uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfukd tiftm;jznfhwif;Mu&rnfhtcsdefjzpfonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihf
uREkfyfwkdYonf tarSmif\zkH;vTrf;jcif;ukd qefYusif&yfwnfEkdifMurnfjzpf
onf/ b0onftvGefwkdawmif;aomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYonf 0wfjyKukd;
uG,fjcif;ESihf tapcHjcif;wkdYtwGuf &orQtcGihfta&;ukd &,lMu&rnf
jzpfonf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwkdY\pdwfESvkH;om;rsm;ukd or®mw&m;\
tvif;ESihfrnfokdYjynfhapEkdifaMumif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í tBuHjyKcsuftcsKdUukd
&Sifaygvku tcef;i,f 17-20 wGifay;xm;onf/ yxrtaejzihf
&Sifaygvku pyspf&nfESihf,pfrl;jcif;ukda&SmifNyD;? bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf
ESihfjynfhpkHí xkd0dnmOfawmf\xdef;csKyfjcif;ukd cH,lMuzkdYajymcJhonf (i,f
18)/ oihftoufwm\ u@toD;oD;tm; bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfukd
xdef;csKyfapNyD;? rsufarSmufawmfwGif ukd,fhukd,fukdowd&Sd&Sdtouf&Sifyg/
0dnmOfawmfukd 0rf;renf;ygapESihf/ 0dnmOfawmf\ vrf;jyjcif;ESihf
OD;aqmifjcif;ü tnHhcHtyfESH&efoif,lzdkY or®musrf;pmukd zwf½Ijcif;jzihf
0dnmOfawmf\toHawmfonf rnfonfht&mESihfwlonfukd oif,lyg/
npfnrf;aomtawG;rsm;tm;vkH;ukd atmifEkdif&eftwGufvnf;aumif;?
aumif;rItrsKd;rsKd;twGuf aphaqmfay;&eftwGufvnf;aumif; 0dnmOf
awmf\wefckd;awmftay:ü rSDckdtm;xm;yg/ oifhtoufwm\ tpdwft
ykdif;toD;oD;ü 0dnmOfawmf\tvif;ESihf or®mw&m;ukdqD;BudKyg/
'kwd,taejzihf &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; tcsif;
csif;wpfa,mufukdwpfa,muf qmvHoDcsif;? "r®oDcsif;? 0dnmOfa&;
oDcsif;rsm;ESihf ajymqdkzwf&GwfMu&efajymcJhonf (i,f 19)/ oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfu oihftoufwmukd xdef;csKyfaomtcg oifonf0rf;ajrmuf
aeygvdrhfrnf/ oihfukd,fudkoif tjcm;aom,kHMunfolrsm;ESihf 0ef;&Hapí
olwkdYESihftwl wpfqlwnf;aomppfrSefawmfrlonfh bk&m;ocifukd ukd,f
awmf&Sif\ aus;Zl;awmf? cspfjcif;arwåmESihf u,fwifjcif;wkYdtwGuf
csD;rGrf;í aus;Zl;wifyg/ oifhpdwfESvkH;ukd bk&m;ociftm; csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihf
jynfhapí arSmifrkduf\qkd;npfaomtawG;rsm;ukd armif;xkwfyg/ oihfpdwf
ESihfEIwfyg;pyfwkdYukd bk&m;ociftm; oefY&Sif;aomukd;uG,fjcif;ESihf csD;rGrf;
jcif;wkdYjzifh jynfhaeapyg/
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odrf;twGuf bk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;ukd aus;Zl;wifyg (i,f 20)/ 0dnmOf
awmfonf oihftoufwmukdxdef;csKyfaomtcg oifonf aus;Zl;wif
pdwfrsm;ESihf jynhfaeygvdrfhrnf/ wkdifwef;jcif;? NiD;wGm;jcif; wkdYukd&yfwefYyg/
oifhtoufwmü t&mcyfodrf;ukdaumif;usKd;twGuf tokH;jyKrnf[k
bk&m;ocifuuwday;cJhaMumif;ukd owd&yg/ &efolukd oifhpdwfxJü
tysufoabmaqmifí cg;oD;aomtawG;rsm;ESihfjynfhaeapcGihfukd ray;
ygESihf/ bk&m;ocif\aumif;jrwfjcif;ukd oHo,rjzpfygESihf/ xkdtpm;
aus;Zl;odwwfyg/ tcufcJqkH;tcsdefrsm;üyif aus;Zl;wifwwfaom
pdwfoabmxm;ukd ysKd;axmifyg/ &efol\pdwfqE´rSm oifhukdoHo,ESihf
pdwfysuftm;i,fjcif;tarSmifwkdYü xkd;usoGm;ap&efjzpfonf/ xkdokdY
tjzpfrcHygESihf/ þarSmifrkdufjcif;ukd bk&m;ociftm;aus;Zl;wifjcif;ESihf
csD;rGrf;jcif;tvif;jzihf wkdufxkwfyg/ bk&m;ocif tay:ü
tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif; 255
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm256 257
pdwfcs,kHMunfaeí udk,fawmf&Sif\tBuHtpnfukd ukd;pm;yg/
aemufqkH;taejzihf ocifc&pfawmfukd MunfndKav;pm;jcif;
aMumihf wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;usKd;EGHtyfESHjcif;jzihf arSmifrkdufukdckcHqD;wm;yg/
0dnmOfawmfonf oihftoufwmukd xdef;csKyfaomtcgwGif oifonf
qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;ü ESdrfhcsjcif;&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ arSmifrkdufukd ,SOfNydKifwkduf
vSef&mwGif oifwpfOD;wpfa,mufwnf;r[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifu oifhukd
rdrdrdom;pk\ tpdwftykdif;tjzpf zefwD;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/ þrdom;pk\
rdom;pk0ifwpfOD;jzpfonfh tm;avsmfpGm oifonftjcm;olrsm;ukd *½kpkduf
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arSmifrkdkufjcif;ESihfywfoufí oihfukdowday;aomtcg em;axmifyg/
nDtpfukdarmifESrwpfa,mufa,muf\ owday;csufrsm;ukd em;raxmif
Ekdif&Edkif&avmufatmif rmerBuD;ygESihf/ tjcm;olrsm;\ aumif;&m
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aumif; ocifc&pfawmfjyKcJhouJhokdY oihftoufwmukd qufuyftyfESHyg/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oifhtawG;tac:rsm;ESihf vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;txJokdY avmuD
arSmifrkdufukd wjznf;jznf;pdrfh0ifoGm;apaom toufwm tpdwf
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rsm;jzpfMuoenf;/
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oifpum;ajymqkdykHukd ppfaq;&eftcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ oif
onfaus;Zl;wifí csD;rGrf;aompdwfESvkH;rS ajymqkdygovm;/
tjypf'kp½kdufü tcsdefwcPw&pf0J0JvkyfaeaMumif; oihfukdoif
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ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\pdwfESvkH;ukd oihftm;ykdíay;oem;&ef
awmif;avQmufyg/ tjypf'kp½kdufukd bk&m;ocif½Ijrifonfhtwkdif;
oif½IjrifEkdif&ef ulnDrpay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
þavmuDESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;aemufokdY vkdufaejcif;üpdwfyg
0ifpm;oGm;aom ,kHMunfolwpfa,mufa,mufukd oifodygo
vm;/ ,cktcsdeftenf;i,f,lí ocifbk&m;onf þyk*¾dKvfukd
ajzvTwfay;rnfhtaMumif; qkawmif;yg/
oifh&JUpdwfESihf ESvkH;om;ukd EIwfuywfawmf\tvif;ESihf oifjynfh
apEkdifrnfhtaMumif; oihf&JUtcsdefem&Drsm;ukd tusKd;&Sd&SdtokH;
jyKEkdifzkdY ulnDrpay;&ef ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
tjypfESihfraumif;rI'kp½kdufwkdYtm; ,SOfNydKifwkdufvSef&mü uREkfyf
wkdYukd ulnDay;EkdifMuonfh ocifc&pfawmfüwnfaom nDtpfukd
armifESrrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif;
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pdwfcs,kHMunfaeí udk,fawmf&Sif\tBuHtpnfukd ukd;pm;yg/
aemufqkH;taejzihf ocifc&pfawmfukd MunfndKav;pm;jcif;
aMumihf wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;usKd;EGHtyfESHjcif;jzihf arSmifrkdufukdckcHqD;wm;yg/
0dnmOfawmfonf oihftoufwmukd xdef;csKyfaomtcgwGif oifonf
qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;ü ESdrfhcsjcif;&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ arSmifrkdufukd ,SOfNydKifwkduf
vSef&mwGif oifwpfOD;wpfa,mufwnf;r[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifu oifhukd
rdrdrdom;pk\ tpdwftykdif;tjzpf zefwD;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/ þrdom;pk\
rdom;pk0ifwpfOD;jzpfonfh tm;avsmfpGm oifonftjcm;olrsm;ukd *½kpkduf
apmifhMunfhay;&ygrnf/ oifh&JUnDtpfukdarmifESrwpfa,mufa,mufu
arSmifrkdkufjcif;ESihfywfoufí oihfukdowday;aomtcg em;axmifyg/
nDtpfukdarmifESrwpfa,mufa,muf\ owday;csufrsm;ukd em;raxmif
Ekdif&Edkif&avmufatmif rmerBuD;ygESihf/ tjcm;olrsm;\ aumif;&m
aumif;usKd;twGufvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmftwGufvnf
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pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oifhtawG;tac:rsm;ESihf vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;txJokdY avmuD
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rsm;jzpfMuoenf;/
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onfaus;Zl;wifí csD;rGrf;aompdwfESvkH;rS ajymqkdygovm;/
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oif½IjrifEkdif&ef ulnDrpay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
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vm;/ ,cktcsdeftenf;i,f,lí ocifbk&m;onf þyk*¾dKvfukd
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tvif;ütouf&Sifjcif;
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vifESihfr,m;vifESihfr,m;
vifESihfr,m;vifESihfr,m;
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24)
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\tOD;tacgif;jzpfjcif;ukd ukd,fcE¨mawmftwGuf pGefYvTwftepfemcHaom
cspfjcif;arwåmü tokH;jyKcJhonf/ ukd,fawmfonf ukd,fcE¨mawmftay:ü
Akdvfuspkd;rkd;zkdY a&mufvmcJhjcif;r[kwfyg/ xkdtpm;? udk,fudkñGwfí uREkfyf
wkdY\ajcukdaq;zkdY a&G;cs,fcJhygonf/ ukd,fawmfonf ykHOyrmudkjyojcif;
jzifhOD;aqmifygonf/
&Sifaygvku cifyGef;onftrsKd;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\tOD;
tacgif;jzpfjcif;onf ocifc&pfawmf\tOD;tacgif;jzpfjcif;uJhokdYjzpf
&rnfhjzpfaMumif; ajymcJhonf/ þtOD;tacgif;jzpfjcif;tcef;u@ukd
usihfBuHvkyfaqmif&mwGif olwkdYonfrdrdwkdY\ ZeD;onfrsm;\ tBuD;jrwf
qHk;aomtapcHrsm;jzpfMu&rnfjzpfonf/ olwkdYonf rdrdwkdYZeD;onfrsm;\
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm262 263vifESihfr,m;
vkdtyfcsufukd a&S;½IvQuf rdrdwkdY\toufwmrsm;ukd &SifoefMu&rnf
jzpfonf/ ocifc&pfawmfu olwkdYtwGufvkyfaqmifcJhouJhokdY olwkdYonf
vnf;rdrdwkdY\ BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;ESihf pGrf;tifrsm;ukd rdrdwkdY\ZeD;onf
rsm;tm; MuifempGmtvkyftauR;jyKzkdY tpGrf;ukefqefYxkwfMu&rnfjzpf
onf/ trsKd;orD;rsm;ukd pkd;rkd;jc,fvS,fjcif; (okdY) trsKd;orD;rsm;ukd edrfhus
aomolrsm;tjzpf oabmxm;jcif;onf ocifc&pfawmf\ ykHOyrmukd
rvkdufavQmufjcif;jzpfonf/ tOD;tacgif;jzpfjcif;onf tmPm&Sif
jzpfjcif; r[kwfyg/ tOD;tacgif;jzpfjcif;onf txufvlBuD;jzpfjcif;
r[kwfyg/ tOD;tacgif;jzpfjcif;qkdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdY\Munfh½Iapmifh
a&SmufrIatmufü&Sdaeaomolrsm;tm; tvkyftauR;jyKjcif;? ulnDrp
jcif;ESihf wm0ef,ljcif;wkdYjzpfonf/
xkdokdYajymqkdxm;aomfvnf; ocifa,½IonfuREkfyfwkdY\ ajcukd
aq;ay;zkdY ukd,fukdukdif;ñGwfcJhonfhwkdif ukd,fawmfonf ocifbk&m;jzpf
vQufaeaMumif; oHo,yGm;p&mr&Sdyg/ ukd,fawmfonf tapcH\tcef;
u@ukd &,lcJhaomaMumihf toif;awmfonf ukd,fawmf\tOD;tacgif;
jzpfjcif;ukd emcHvkdufavQmufjcif;rS vGwfNidrf;cGihf&onf[k rqkdvkdyg/
trSefqkd&vQif xkdt&mESihfqefYusifbufjzpfonf/ ukd,fcE¨mawmftm;
ukd,fawmftvkyftauR;jyKjcif;u ukd,fawmfukdykdíomvGefaumif;jrwf
aom acgif;aqmifwpfyg;tjzpfyif zefwD;ay;ygonf/ ukd,fawmfonf
ukd,fcE¨mawmf\vkdtyfcsufrsm;ESihf xyfwljyKrQa0cHpm;EkdifcJhonf/
tawmfqkH;? tajymifajrmufqkH;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf rdrdwkdY\aemufvkduf
i,fom;rsm;ukd em;vnfaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ þavmuü uREkfyfwkdY
&ifqkdifBuHKawGUae&aomt&mrsm;ukd ocifa,½Ivnf; &ifqkdifBuHKawGU
cJhygonf (a[NAJ 2;17-18? 4;15 ukdMunfhyg)/ tapcHpdwf"gwfjzihf
tOD;tacgif;jzpfjcif;ukd oihfwifhavsmufywfpGm usihfBuHvkyfaqmifaom
cifyGef;rsm;onf rdrddwkdYZeD;onfrsm;\ av;pm;rIukdvnf;aumif;? xkdtOD;
tacgif;jzpfjcif;ü vkdvkdvm;vm; 0efcHtyfESHvkdpdwfukdvnf;aumif; &&Sd
Muygonf/
tcef;i,f 24 wGif&Sifaygvku ZeD;onfrsm;tm; cifyGef;jzpfol
\tOD;tacgif;jzpfjcif;ukd t&m&mü0efcHtyfESHMuzkdY ajymcJhonf/ rjiif;
omonfrSm cifyGef;jzpfolu ocifc&pfawmfuJhokdYaom tOD;tacgif;
jzpfjcif;udk vufudkifjyKaomtcgwGif ZeD;onfu 0efcHtyfESH&onfrSm
ydkí vG,fulygonf/ &Sifaygvku ZeD;onfrsm;tm; ]]t&m&mü}} 0efcH
tyfESHMuzdkY ajymcJhaMumif;udk owdjyKyg/ þ ]]t&m&m}} wGifbk&m;ocifh
EIwfuywfawmf\&Sif;vif;jywfom;aom oGefoifcsufrsm;ESifh qefYusif
aomt&mrsm; ryg0ifaMumif;udk em;vnfxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ raumif;
rI'kp½dkufudkjyKvkyfjcif;ü yg0ifywfouf&ef cifyGef;jzpfoludk emcH&ef vdk?
rvdk qkH;jzwfcsufcszdkYjzpfvmaomtcg ZeD;jzpfolonf cifyGef;tpm;?
ocifbk&m;udkemcHzdkY vdktyfonf/ wrefawmf 5;9 &Sd tmeedESifh &Szda&
wdkY\ykHOyrmonf þt&m\ ykHOyrmwpfck jzpfonf/ tmeedonf
rdrdwdkY\ypönf;Opömudka&mif;csjcif;rS &&Sdxm;aomaiGESifh ywfoufí
toif;awmfudk vdrfnmzdkYqkH;jzwfcJhaomtcsdefwGif &Smzda& uvnf;
cifyGef;jzpfolESifh oabmwlcJhonf/ þtwGufaMumifh &Sifayw½ku olr
udktjypfwifqkH;rcJhonf/
ayw½kuvnf;? xm0&bk&m;\ 0dnmOfawmfudk pkHprf;rnf[k
oabmwlESifh tb,faMumifhBuHpnfMuoenf;/ Munfh½Iavmh/
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm262 263vifESihfr,m;
vkdtyfcsufukd a&S;½IvQuf rdrdwkdY\toufwmrsm;ukd &SifoefMu&rnf
jzpfonf/ ocifc&pfawmfu olwkdYtwGufvkyfaqmifcJhouJhokdY olwkdYonf
vnf;rdrdwkdY\ BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;ESihf pGrf;tifrsm;ukd rdrdwkdY\ZeD;onf
rsm;tm; MuifempGmtvkyftauR;jyKzkdY tpGrf;ukefqefYxkwfMu&rnfjzpf
onf/ trsKd;orD;rsm;ukd pkd;rkd;jc,fvS,fjcif; (okdY) trsKd;orD;rsm;ukd edrfhus
aomolrsm;tjzpf oabmxm;jcif;onf ocifc&pfawmf\ ykHOyrmukd
rvkdufavQmufjcif;jzpfonf/ tOD;tacgif;jzpfjcif;onf tmPm&Sif
jzpfjcif; r[kwfyg/ tOD;tacgif;jzpfjcif;onf txufvlBuD;jzpfjcif;
r[kwfyg/ tOD;tacgif;jzpfjcif;qkdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdY\Munfh½Iapmifh
a&SmufrIatmufü&Sdaeaomolrsm;tm; tvkyftauR;jyKjcif;? ulnDrp
jcif;ESihf wm0ef,ljcif;wkdYjzpfonf/
xkdokdYajymqkdxm;aomfvnf; ocifa,½IonfuREkfyfwkdY\ ajcukd
aq;ay;zkdY ukd,fukdukdif;ñGwfcJhonfhwkdif ukd,fawmfonf ocifbk&m;jzpf
vQufaeaMumif; oHo,yGm;p&mr&Sdyg/ ukd,fawmfonf tapcH\tcef;
u@ukd &,lcJhaomaMumihf toif;awmfonf ukd,fawmf\tOD;tacgif;
jzpfjcif;ukd emcHvkdufavQmufjcif;rS vGwfNidrf;cGihf&onf[k rqkdvkdyg/
trSefqkd&vQif xkdt&mESihfqefYusifbufjzpfonf/ ukd,fcE¨mawmftm;
ukd,fawmftvkyftauR;jyKjcif;u ukd,fawmfukdykdíomvGefaumif;jrwf
aom acgif;aqmifwpfyg;tjzpfyif zefwD;ay;ygonf/ ukd,fawmfonf
ukd,fcE¨mawmf\vkdtyfcsufrsm;ESihf xyfwljyKrQa0cHpm;EkdifcJhonf/
tawmfqkH;? tajymifajrmufqkH;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf rdrdwkdY\aemufvkduf
i,fom;rsm;ukd em;vnfaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ þavmuü uREkfyfwkdY
&ifqkdifBuHKawGUae&aomt&mrsm;ukd ocifa,½Ivnf; &ifqkdifBuHKawGU
cJhygonf (a[NAJ 2;17-18? 4;15 ukdMunfhyg)/ tapcHpdwf"gwfjzihf
tOD;tacgif;jzpfjcif;ukd oihfwifhavsmufywfpGm usihfBuHvkyfaqmifaom
cifyGef;rsm;onf rdrddwkdYZeD;onfrsm;\ av;pm;rIukdvnf;aumif;? xkdtOD;
tacgif;jzpfjcif;ü vkdvkdvm;vm; 0efcHtyfESHvkdpdwfukdvnf;aumif; &&Sd
Muygonf/
tcef;i,f 24 wGif&Sifaygvku ZeD;onfrsm;tm; cifyGef;jzpfol
\tOD;tacgif;jzpfjcif;ukd t&m&mü0efcHtyfESHMuzkdY ajymcJhonf/ rjiif;
omonfrSm cifyGef;jzpfolu ocifc&pfawmfuJhokdYaom tOD;tacgif;
jzpfjcif;udk vufudkifjyKaomtcgwGif ZeD;onfu 0efcHtyfESH&onfrSm
ydkí vG,fulygonf/ &Sifaygvku ZeD;onfrsm;tm; ]]t&m&mü}} 0efcH
tyfESHMuzdkY ajymcJhaMumif;udk owdjyKyg/ þ ]]t&m&m}} wGifbk&m;ocifh
EIwfuywfawmf\&Sif;vif;jywfom;aom oGefoifcsufrsm;ESifh qefYusif
aomt&mrsm; ryg0ifaMumif;udk em;vnfxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ raumif;
rI'kp½dkufudkjyKvkyfjcif;ü yg0ifywfouf&ef cifyGef;jzpfoludk emcH&ef vdk?
rvdk qkH;jzwfcsufcszdkYjzpfvmaomtcg ZeD;jzpfolonf cifyGef;tpm;?
ocifbk&m;udkemcHzdkY vdktyfonf/ wrefawmf 5;9 &Sd tmeedESifh &Szda&
wdkY\ykHOyrmonf þt&m\ ykHOyrmwpfck jzpfonf/ tmeedonf
rdrdwdkY\ypönf;Opömudka&mif;csjcif;rS &&Sdxm;aomaiGESifh ywfoufí
toif;awmfudk vdrfnmzdkYqkH;jzwfcJhaomtcsdefwGif &Smzda& uvnf;
cifyGef;jzpfolESifh oabmwlcJhonf/ þtwGufaMumifh &Sifayw½ku olr
udktjypfwifqkH;rcJhonf/
ayw½kuvnf;? xm0&bk&m;\ 0dnmOfawmfudk pkHprf;rnf[k
oabmwlESifh tb,faMumifhBuHpnfMuoenf;/ Munfh½Iavmh/
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm264 265vifESihfr,m;
oif\cifyGef;udk oN*ØK[faomolwdkY\ajconf wHcg;em;rSm &Sdonf
jzpfí? oifhudkvnf; aqmifoGm;avOD;rnf[k qdkaom cPjcif;
wGif? xdkrdef;ronf ayw½k\ ajc&if;üvJíaoav\/ vkvifwdkY
onf vnf; 0ifí xdkrdef;r aoonfudkawGUvQif? aqmifoGm;í
ol\cifyGef;tem;rSm oN*ØK[fMu\/}} (wrefawmf 5;9-10)
&Sifayw½k\ ajymqdkcsuft& &Smzda&onf toif;awmfudk
vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;trIü olr\cifyGef;ESifh oabmwlcJhjcif;jzifh
trSm;vkyfcJhygonf/ olronf cifyGef;jzpfol\ ,kwfnhHaom BudK;pm;tm;
xkwfrIrsm;udk ckcHwGef;vSefí 4if;\tjypf&Sdaom enf;vrf;rsm;ü 0efcH
tyfESHjcif; rvkyfcJhoifhyg/
]]t&m&mü}} [laompum;vkH;onf ZeD;jzpfolu ocifbk&m;udk
olr\ omíjrifhaomtcGifhtmPm&SdoltjzpfESifh emcHrIr&Sdaom xif&Sm;
odomonfh t&mrsm;rSvGJí olr\toufwmESifh tdrfaxmifa&;ü
&Sdaom u@tm;vkH;ü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;ESifh oufqdkifonf/ toufwm\
tcsdKUaomae&mrsm;wGif usdK;EGHemcHzdkYjzpfEdkifNyD; tjcm;ae&mrsm;wGif
usdK;EGHemcHzdkY cufcJaumif;cufcJygvdrfhrnf/ &Sifaygvk\ajymqdkcsuft&
ZeD;jzpfolonf olr\tdrfaxmifa&;ESifh 0dnmOfa&;&mü &ifhusufvmjcif;
wdkYudk wnfaqmuf&eftwGuf Zmwdyuwdpdwfüaojcif; pdwfaepdwfxm;
udk ysdK;axmifzdkYvdktyfonf/ olr\toufwmü ocifc&pfawmf\
tvdkawmfwGif vdkvdkvm;vm;0efcHtyfEHSxm;ouJhokdY tdrfaxmifOD;pD;tjzpf
bk&m;ocifu cGJcefYxm;aomcifyGef;onfxHüvnf; 0efcHtyfESHzkdY vkdvkd
vm;vm;&Sdae&ygrnf/
tdrfaxmifrdom;pkü ,SOfNydKifAkdvfvkaeMuonfukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokYd
rMumcPjrifawGUaeMu&ygoenf;/ tdrfaxmifrdom;pkonf uREkfyfwkdY\
ukd,fykdiftcGihfta&;rsm;twGuf wkdufyGJ0if&aomae&mwpfckjzpfvmEkdifyg
onf/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;wGif bk&m;ocifu vlwkdYukd4if;wkdY\tdrfaxmif
zufESihf wpfom;wpfukd,fjzpfMuzkdY qifhac:xm;ygonf (urÇmOD; 2;24
ukdMunfhyg)/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;wkdY\ wpfukd,faumif;pdwf"gwfukd
wkd;yGm;apzkdY tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ukd r&nf&G,fcJhyg/ cifyGef; (okdY) ZeD;onf
onf rdrdwkdYoabmtwkdif; xif&mvkyfNyD; rdrdwkdYtdrfaxmifzuf\ tusKd;
pD;yGm;ukdvspfvsL½Irxm;oifhyg/ bk&m;ocifonf ZeD;onfrsm;ukd rdrdwkdY\
cifyGef;onfrsm;twGufvnf;aumif; EkdifiHawmftwGufvnf;aumif;
rdrdwdkY\tusKd;pD;yGm;ukd&Smjcif;ü vkdvkdcsifcsifaoMuzkdY &nf&G,fxm;onf/
tcsif;a,mufsm;wkdY ukd,fZeD;ukdcspfMuavmh (i,f 25-31)
wrefawmf&Sifaygvkonf ZeD;onfrsm;u 4if;wkdY\cifyGef;rsm;
xHü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;taMumif;ukd ajymqkd&efusrf;ydk'f okH;ykd'fukdtokH;
jyKNyD;aemuf cifyGef;onfrsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\ZeD;rsm;ukd rnfokdYppfrSefpGm
cspfjrwfEkd;Mu&ef oif,l&rnfhtaMumif;ukd ajymjyzkdY usrf;ydk'f ckepfykd'fukd
tokH;jyKxm;ykHrSm taMumif;jycsufr&SdyJ vkyfcJhrnfr[kwfyg/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;awmfrS cifyGef;onfrsm;tm; ocif
c&pfawmfonf toif;awmfukdrnfokdYcspfjrwfEkd;í 4if;twGufrdrdukd,fukd
rnfokdYay;tyfcJhaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/ &Sifaygvku cifyGef;wkdYtm;
4if;wkdY\ZeD;onfrsm;ESihf qufqH&if;ESD;rIwGif ocifc&pfawmf\cspfjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm264 265vifESihfr,m;
oif\cifyGef;udk oN*ØK[faomolwdkY\ajconf wHcg;em;rSm &Sdonf
jzpfí? oifhudkvnf; aqmifoGm;avOD;rnf[k qdkaom cPjcif;
wGif? xdkrdef;ronf ayw½k\ ajc&if;üvJíaoav\/ vkvifwdkY
onf vnf; 0ifí xdkrdef;r aoonfudkawGUvQif? aqmifoGm;í
ol\cifyGef;tem;rSm oN*ØK[fMu\/}} (wrefawmf 5;9-10)
&Sifayw½k\ ajymqdkcsuft& &Smzda&onf toif;awmfudk
vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;trIü olr\cifyGef;ESifh oabmwlcJhjcif;jzifh
trSm;vkyfcJhygonf/ olronf cifyGef;jzpfol\ ,kwfnhHaom BudK;pm;tm;
xkwfrIrsm;udk ckcHwGef;vSefí 4if;\tjypf&Sdaom enf;vrf;rsm;ü 0efcH
tyfESHjcif; rvkyfcJhoifhyg/
]]t&m&mü}} [laompum;vkH;onf ZeD;jzpfolu ocifbk&m;udk
olr\ omíjrifhaomtcGifhtmPm&SdoltjzpfESifh emcHrIr&Sdaom xif&Sm;
odomonfh t&mrsm;rSvGJí olr\toufwmESifh tdrfaxmifa&;ü
&Sdaom u@tm;vkH;ü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;ESifh oufqdkifonf/ toufwm\
tcsdKUaomae&mrsm;wGif usdK;EGHemcHzdkYjzpfEdkifNyD; tjcm;ae&mrsm;wGif
usdK;EGHemcHzdkY cufcJaumif;cufcJygvdrfhrnf/ &Sifaygvk\ajymqdkcsuft&
ZeD;jzpfolonf olr\tdrfaxmifa&;ESifh 0dnmOfa&;&mü &ifhusufvmjcif;
wdkYudk wnfaqmuf&eftwGuf Zmwdyuwdpdwfüaojcif; pdwfaepdwfxm;
udk ysdK;axmifzdkYvdktyfonf/ olr\toufwmü ocifc&pfawmf\
tvdkawmfwGif vdkvdkvm;vm;0efcHtyfEHSxm;ouJhokdY tdrfaxmifOD;pD;tjzpf
bk&m;ocifu cGJcefYxm;aomcifyGef;onfxHüvnf; 0efcHtyfESHzkdY vkdvkd
vm;vm;&Sdae&ygrnf/
tdrfaxmifrdom;pkü ,SOfNydKifAkdvfvkaeMuonfukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokYd
rMumcPjrifawGUaeMu&ygoenf;/ tdrfaxmifrdom;pkonf uREkfyfwkdY\
ukd,fykdiftcGihfta&;rsm;twGuf wkdufyGJ0if&aomae&mwpfckjzpfvmEkdifyg
onf/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;wGif bk&m;ocifu vlwkdYukd4if;wkdY\tdrfaxmif
zufESihf wpfom;wpfukd,fjzpfMuzkdY qifhac:xm;ygonf (urÇmOD; 2;24
ukdMunfhyg)/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;wkdY\ wpfukd,faumif;pdwf"gwfukd
wkd;yGm;apzkdY tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ukd r&nf&G,fcJhyg/ cifyGef; (okdY) ZeD;onf
onf rdrdwkdYoabmtwkdif; xif&mvkyfNyD; rdrdwkdYtdrfaxmifzuf\ tusKd;
pD;yGm;ukdvspfvsL½Irxm;oifhyg/ bk&m;ocifonf ZeD;onfrsm;ukd rdrdwkdY\
cifyGef;onfrsm;twGufvnf;aumif; EkdifiHawmftwGufvnf;aumif;
rdrdwdkY\tusKd;pD;yGm;ukd&Smjcif;ü vkdvkdcsifcsifaoMuzkdY &nf&G,fxm;onf/
tcsif;a,mufsm;wkdY ukd,fZeD;ukdcspfMuavmh (i,f 25-31)
wrefawmf&Sifaygvkonf ZeD;onfrsm;u 4if;wkdY\cifyGef;rsm;
xHü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;taMumif;ukd ajymqkd&efusrf;ydk'f okH;ykd'fukdtokH;
jyKNyD;aemuf cifyGef;onfrsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\ZeD;rsm;ukd rnfokdYppfrSefpGm
cspfjrwfEkd;Mu&ef oif,l&rnfhtaMumif;ukd ajymjyzkdY usrf;ydk'f ckepfykd'fukd
tokH;jyKxm;ykHrSm taMumif;jycsufr&SdyJ vkyfcJhrnfr[kwfyg/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;awmfrS cifyGef;onfrsm;tm; ocif
c&pfawmfonf toif;awmfukdrnfokdYcspfjrwfEkd;í 4if;twGufrdrdukd,fukd
rnfokdYay;tyfcJhaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/ &Sifaygvku cifyGef;wkdYtm;
4if;wkdY\ZeD;onfrsm;ESihf qufqH&if;ESD;rIwGif ocifc&pfawmf\cspfjcif;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm266
arwåmukd twk,lMuzkdYpdefac:cJhonf/ olwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmfu rdrd\
toif;awmftwGuf t&mcyfodrf;ukdrnfokdY vkdvkdvm;vm;ay;urf;cJh
aMumif;ukd owd&aeMu&rnfjzpfonf/ ukd,fawmfonf toif;awmf
(olr)twGuf rnfokdYtaocHcJhonfukd olwkdYowd&aeMu&rnfjzpfonf/
þurÇmajrBuD;ü ukd,fawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomt&mwkdif;u rjynfhpkHaom
vlom;rsm;\ aumif;&maumif;usKd;twGuf rnfokdYjzpfcJhonfukd olwkdY
owd&aeMu&rnfjzpfonf/ {zuftoif;awmfrS cifyGef;onfrsm;onf
ocifc&pfawmfu rdrd\owkdYorD;tm;csD;ajr§mufí *kPfjyKjcif;cHcJh&zkdY
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udpöwGif uREkfyfrMumcPysufuGufcJhaMumif;ukd uREkfyf0efcHygonf/
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vifESihfr,m; 267
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vrf;ü OD;aqmifEkdifzkdY&orQ tcGihfta&;ukd tokH;jyK&rnfjzpfonf/
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277
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277
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uJhokdYaom enf;vrf;jzihf wkefYjyef&efukd,fhukd,fukd qufuyftyfESHyg/
txufvlBuD;rsm;twGuf tvkyfrvkyfygESihf? ocifbk&m;twGuf
tvkyfvkyfyg/ þt&mu vkyfief;cGif&Sd oifh&JUpdwfaeoabmxm;tm;
rnfrQajymif;vJay;EkdifaMumif;ukd oiftHhMopGmjrifawGU&ygvdrfhrnf/
,kHMunfoluRefocifrsm;tm; rdrdwkdY\tapcHuRefrsm;ukd ½kdao
av;pm;rIESihfhtwl jyKrlqufqHMuzkdY &SifaygvkuajymcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku
uRefocifrsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\tcGihftmPmukd tcGihfta&;r,lMuzkYd
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aomaMumihf bk&m;ocifuwpfrlxl;jcm;pGm w&m;pD&ifrnfr[kwfyg/
tapcHuRefjzpfap? vlvGwfjzpfap vlom;tm;vkH;onf rdrdwkdY\vkyf&yf
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eufaom todw&m;u ocifrsm;ukd4if;wkdY\ tapcHuRefrsm;tm; jyKrl
qufqH&ykHukd pkd;rkd;xm;&rnfjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
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taxmuftxm;&Sdygovm;/
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enf;/
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þusrf;csufu oifhukdrnfonfht&m oGefoifay;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifhtxufrStmPmykdifrsm;ukd ½kdaoav;pm;zkdY oihftm;ulnD
ay;&efocifbk&m;ukd awmif;avQmufyg/
tvdkawmfESifhnDnGwfaomqufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm282
tmPmykdiffrsm;ukd ½kdaoav;pm;rIrjycJhonfh tjypf&SdcJhzl;yg
ovm;/ oihftoufwmü þt&mukd ukdifwG,fEkdif&ef oihfukd
ulnDrpay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtoufwmwGif rdrdwkdY\vkyfykdifcGihftmPmukd tvGJokH;pm;
jyKvkyfMuaomolrsm;aMumifh oif'ku©a&mufcJhzl;ygovm;/ oifh
toufwmü þt&m\*,uf½kdufcwfrIrsm;ukd ukdifwG,fajz
&Sif;&efoifhukd ulnDrpay;zkdY bk&m;ocifxHawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtoufwm\ þtpdwftykdif;wGif temNidrf;jcif;ukd
aqmif,lvmay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukd awmif;avQmufyg/
oifonf vkyfykdifcGihftmPm&Sdxm;aomol [kwfygovm;/ oifh
vufatmufi,fom;rsm;ukd ½kdaoav;pm;jcif;ESihftwl
oihftcef;u@ukd vkyfaqmifEkdifzdkY ulnDrpay;&ef bk&m;ocif
xHawmif;avQmufyg/
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2424
24
ocifbk&m;tm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuavmhocifbk&m;tm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuavmh
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ocifbk&m;tm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuavmh
{zuf 6;10 ukdzwf½Iyg/
c&pf,meftoufwmü atmifjrifjcif;ukday;aom vQKdU0Sufcsuf
rSm rnfonfht&mjzpfonfukd oifodcsifcJhzl;ygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYukd
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rsm;ESihftwl atmifjrifaomc&pf,mef toufwmukd&Sifoef&ef jzpfEkdif
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oluREkfyfwkdYxJwGif wpfa,mufrSr&SdcJhaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYvufcH&ygrnf/
uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;onf &efol\axmifacsmufrsm;ü 0ifrdcJhMuygonf/
c&pf,meftoufwmü tvGefoefrmBuHUckdifonf[kxif&aomfvnf;
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wkdY\toufwmübk&m;ocif azmfaqmifvkdaomtrIawmfukd qefYusifí
twkduftcHvkyfjcif;wGif tvkyf½IyfaeMuygonf/
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tmPmykdiffrsm;ukd ½kdaoav;pm;rIrjycJhonfh tjypf&SdcJhzl;yg
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oifhtoufwmwGif rdrdwkdY\vkyfykdifcGihftmPmukd tvGJokH;pm;
jyKvkyfMuaomolrsm;aMumifh oif'ku©a&mufcJhzl;ygovm;/ oifh
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oifhtoufwm\ þtpdwftykdif;wGif temNidrf;jcif;ukd
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vufatmufi,fom;rsm;ukd ½kdaoav;pm;jcif;ESihftwl
oihftcef;u@ukd vkyfaqmifEkdifzdkY ulnDrpay;&ef bk&m;ocif
xHawmif;avQmufyg/
2424
2424
24
ocifbk&m;tm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuavmhocifbk&m;tm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuavmh
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ocifbk&m;tm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuavmh
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rSm rnfonfht&mjzpfonfukd oifodcsifcJhzl;ygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYukd
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rsm;ESihftwl atmifjrifaomc&pf,mef toufwmukd&Sifoef&ef jzpfEkdif
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oluREkfyfwkdYxJwGif wpfa,mufrSr&SdcJhaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYvufcH&ygrnf/
uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;onf &efol\axmifacsmufrsm;ü 0ifrdcJhMuygonf/
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uREkfyfwkdY\ a&SUü&Sdaeaom wkdufyGJonfumv&Snfvsm;í cufcJaom
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jzpfoGm;apygonf/ olwkdYonf ukd,fawmf&Sif\a&SUarSmufwGif tpGrf;tp
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aeygoenf;/ &efolonf oifhukdqefYusifzdESdyfaomtcg ocifa,½IxHokdY
290 291
ocifbk&m;tm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuavmh
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ajy;oGm;Mu&rnfhtpm;? uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fykdifcGeftm;pGrf;yum;jzihf &efolukd
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ü(tm;jzihf) oefrmBuHUckdif(ckdifcHh)aomolonf ocifbk&m;xHokdYajy;oGm;
í tajctaewpfckukd ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;ay;&ef awmif;avQmufaomol
jzpfonf/ qmvH 60;12 wGif qmvHq&mu þokdYqkdxm;onf/
bk&m;ociftm;jzihf igwkdYonf &J&ihfpGmjyKMurnf(bk&m;ocif
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rsm;ukd ukd,fawmfwkdif eif;awmfrlrnf/
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&Sdxm;vQif uREkfyfwkdYukdtEkdif,lEkdifrnfht&m &Sdrnfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdYukd
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wkdYukd uREkfyfwkdYwwfpGrf;EkdifMuygonf (zdvdyÜd 4;13 ukdMunfhyg)/
wefckd;awmft&Sdeftm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuavmh
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tm;BuD;aom wefckd;awmf) jzpfonf[k ajymcJhonf/ wkdif;EkdifiHrsm;rS
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teEÅwefckd;&Sif bk&m;ocif\ wefckd;awmfonf oifvkdtyfovkd
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290 291
ocifbk&m;tm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuavmh
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qufajy;aeyg/ ukd,fawmf&Sifukdqufí ,kHMunfukd;pm;yg/ ukd,fawmf&Sif\
tvGeftm;BuD;aom wefckd;awmfukd rnfonfht&murQ rwkdufvSefEkdifyg/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
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rnfonfht&mukd oifrSDckdtm;xm;aeygoenf;/ ocifa,½IESihf
oufqkdifaom oihf&JUtawGUtBuHKrsm;ESihf A[kokwrsm;ukd
oifukd;pm;,kHMunfygovm; (okdY) touf&Sifawmfrlaom ocif
a,½Iukd,fwkdifukd oif,kHMunfukd;pm;ygovm;/
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jynfhapEkdifygoenf;/
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wmüBuHKawGUcHpm;&jcif;rS rnfonfht&mu qD;wm;aeyg
oenf;/
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
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atmifjrifausmfvTm;&ef bk&m;ocif\cGeftm;pGrf;yum;ukd
oifvkdtyfygovm;/ ocifa,½IxHokdY ajy;oGm;í oifhtouf
wmrS jyóemukd ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;ay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\tvGeftm;BuD;aom wefckd;awmfukd
oifvkdtyfovkd tokH;jyKzkdY tqifoihfxm;ay;xm;aomaMumifh
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifonf ocifbk&m;tm; r,kHMunfrukd;pm;aomtcg xdkt&m
ukdjyoay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/ ukd,fawmf&Sifukd apmifhpm;í
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oiftm;ay;oem;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
292 293
ocifbk&m;tm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuavmh
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
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wkdufckdufjcif;ukd oifcHpm;rdaomtcg ocifa,½IxHajy;oGm;yg/ oifonf
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ukd,fawmf&Sif\ cGeftm;pGrf;yum;ü(tm;jzihf) oefrmBuHUckdifjcif;(ckdifcHh
jcif;)&Sdaeyg/ oihf&JUcGeftm;pGrf;yum;wkdYü r[kwfyg/ ukdf,fawmf&SifxH
qufajy;aeyg/ ukd,fawmf&Sifukdqufí ,kHMunfukd;pm;yg/ ukd,fawmf&Sif\
tvGeftm;BuD;aom wefckd;awmfukd rnfonfht&murQ rwkdufvSefEkdifyg/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oihf&JUc&pf,meftoufwmü atmifjrifjcif;ukd&&SdzkdY rnfol (okdY)
rnfonfht&mukd oifrSDckdtm;xm;aeygoenf;/ ocifa,½IESihf
oufqkdifaom oihf&JUtawGUtBuHKrsm;ESihf A[kokwrsm;ukd
oifukd;pm;,kHMunfygovm; (okdY) touf&Sifawmfrlaom ocif
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jynfhapEkdifygoenf;/
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oenf;/
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
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atmifjrifausmfvTm;&ef bk&m;ocif\cGeftm;pGrf;yum;ukd
oifvkdtyfygovm;/ ocifa,½IxHokdY ajy;oGm;í oifhtouf
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ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\tvGeftm;BuD;aom wefckd;awmfukd
oifvkdtyfovkd tokH;jyKzkdY tqifoihfxm;ay;xm;aomaMumifh
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifonf ocifbk&m;tm; r,kHMunfrukd;pm;aomtcg xdkt&m
ukdjyoay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/ ukd,fawmf&Sifukd apmifhpm;í
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oiftm;ay;oem;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
292 293
ocifbk&m;tm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuavmh
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qufpyfrIwpfckck&Sdygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifjyifqifay;aom ppf0wfwefqmrsm;ukd 0wfqifzkdY
oihfukdulnDrpay;&ef ukd,fawmf&SifxH awmif;avQmufyg/
ocifbk&m;onf uREkfyfwkdYukd &efol\a&SUarSmufwGif tuG,f
tumrJhrxm;cJhaomaMumihf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oihf0wfqif
xm;jcif;r&Sdaom ppf0wfwefqmtpdwftykdif;rsm;&SdaevQif
xkdt&mrsm;ukd jyoay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
,aeYwGif oifhukd0kdif;&Hxm;aom wkdufyGJ\oabmobm0trSef
ukd jrifawGUEkdifzkdY oihfrsufpdrsm;ukdzGihfay;&ef bk&m;ocifukd
awmif;avQmufyg/
304 305ppf0wfpkHukd 0wfaqmifMuavmh
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
2626
2626
26
ewfqdk;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;ewfqdk;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;
ewfqdk;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;ewfqdk;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;
ewfqdk;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;
{zuf 6;12 ukdzwf½Iyg/
or®musrf;pm\ þtykdif;txdwGif raumif;rI'kp½kduftiftm;
pkrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYqefYusifwkdufvSef&mwGif uREkfyfwkdYü t&mESpfckvkdtyf
aMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUcJhMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf cGeftm;pGrf;yum;
ukdvkdtyfMuaMumif; tcef;i,f 10 u uREkfyfwkdYukdtoday;xm;onf/
þcGeftm;pGrf;yum;onf uREkfyfwkdY\yifukdcGeftm;pGrf;yum;r[kwf?
ocifbk&m;\ cGeftm;pGrf;yum;jzpfonf/ 'kwd,taejzihf? uREkfyfwkdY
onf umuG,fapmifhray;jcif;ukd vkdtyfMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf wkdufyGJ
umvaeY&ufrsm;wGif BuHUBuHUcH&yfwnfEkdifrnfhtaMumif; bk&m;ocif\
jyifqifay;aom ppf0wfwefqmrsm;ukd 0wfqifMuzkYd tcef;i,f 11
ESihf 13 uajymjyxm;onf/ þwkdufyGJtwGuf uREkfyfwkdYü&SdzkdY vdktyfonfh
wwd,ajrmuft&mrSm uREkfyfwkdY\&efoltaMumif;ukd od&Sdem;vnfxm;
jcif;jzpfonf/ þtaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvku tcef;i,f 12 wGifajymjy
cJhonf/
tpnf;ta0;oifwef;wpfcktwGuf NrdKUwpfNrdKUokdYoGm;cJhaom
omoemjyKq&mwpfyg;\ tjzpftysufukd uREkfyftNrJowd&aerdonf/
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
2626
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26
ewfqdk;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;ewfqdk;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;
ewfqdk;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;ewfqdk;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;
ewfqdk;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;
{zuf 6;12 ukdzwf½Iyg/
or®musrf;pm\ þtykdif;txdwGif raumif;rI'kp½kduftiftm;
pkrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYqefYusifwkdufvSef&mwGif uREkfyfwkdYü t&mESpfckvkdtyf
aMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUcJhMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf cGeftm;pGrf;yum;
ukdvkdtyfMuaMumif; tcef;i,f 10 u uREkfyfwkdYukdtoday;xm;onf/
þcGeftm;pGrf;yum;onf uREkfyfwkdY\yifukdcGeftm;pGrf;yum;r[kwf?
ocifbk&m;\ cGeftm;pGrf;yum;jzpfonf/ 'kwd,taejzihf? uREkfyfwkdY
onf umuG,fapmifhray;jcif;ukd vkdtyfMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf wkdufyGJ
umvaeY&ufrsm;wGif BuHUBuHUcH&yfwnfEkdifrnfhtaMumif; bk&m;ocif\
jyifqifay;aom ppf0wfwefqmrsm;ukd 0wfqifMuzkYd tcef;i,f 11
ESihf 13 uajymjyxm;onf/ þwkdufyGJtwGuf uREkfyfwkdYü&SdzkdY vdktyfonfh
wwd,ajrmuft&mrSm uREkfyfwkdY\&efoltaMumif;ukd od&Sdem;vnfxm;
jcif;jzpfonf/ þtaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvku tcef;i,f 12 wGifajymjy
cJhonf/
tpnf;ta0;oifwef;wpfcktwGuf NrdKUwpfNrdKUokdYoGm;cJhaom
omoemjyKq&mwpfyg;\ tjzpftysufukd uREkfyftNrJowd&aerdonf/
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
olonf xkdNrdKUukda&mufoGm;cJhaomfvnf; xkdNrdKUrSrnfonfhtoif;awmfu
olYukdoifwef;ay;zkdY zdwfMum;cJhonfukd arhavsmhoGm;cJhonf/ olonf
vkyfaqmif&rnfht&mukd odaecJhaomfvnf; rnfonfhae&mü vkyfaqmif
&rnfukdrl rodcJhyg/ ,aeYwGifvnf; wkdufyGJwpfckukd qifETJ&rnfh taMumif;
od&Sdxm;aom wkdufyGJonfrnfonfhae&mwGif&Sdonfukd rodaomc&pf
,mefrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ þonfrSm pmwefuuREkfyfwkdYü jzpfapvkdaomt&m
jzpfonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomwkdufyGJukd uREkfyfwkdYqifETJaeMujcif;onf pmwefukd
tvGefESpfoufaysmfarGUapygonf/
rdrdwkdY\toif;awmf *kdPf;*PESihfqkdifaom xl;jcm;uGJjym;csuf
rsm;? rdrdwkdY\tpOftvmrsm;? rdrdwkdY\xl;jcm;aom bk&m;ocifhEIwfu
ywfawmf\or®mw&m;ukd em;vnfoabmaygufxm;jcif;rsm;tm;
xdef;odrf;xm;&eftwGuf wkdufyGJ0ifaeMuaomtoif;awmfrsm;pGm&Sdonf/
þtoif;awmfrsm;rS toif;awmftcsKdUonf ocifa,½Iukd cspfjrwfEkd;í
rdrdwdkY\toufwmü 0dnmOftoD;oD;aom ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd arG;xkwf&ef
ysufuGufaecJhMuonf/ xkdtpm;? olwkdYonfwpfOD;ukdwpfOD; vnfyif;n§pf
írdrdwkdY\enf;vrf;onf or®mw&m;ESihfykdíeD;pyfaMumif; oufaojyzkdY
BudK;pm;jiif;ckHaeMuygonf/ xkduJhodkYaom wkdufyGJonfpmwefESpfoufaom
wkdufyGJjzpfonf/ olonfwkdufyGJ\ oabmobm0trSefukd rjrifEkdif&ef
uREkfyfwkdYtm; rsufpduef;ap&mü atmifjrifaeygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
rSm;,Gif;aomwkdufyGJukd wkdufaeorQumvywfvkH; pmwefüpkd;&drfylyef
p&mr&Sdyg/
þusrf;ykd'fi,fü &Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYtm;odapvkdaomt&m
wpfckom&SdaecJhvQif xkdt&monfwkdufyGJ\oabmobm0trSefjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku ]]igwkdYonfaoG;om;&Sdaom &efolwkdYESihfwkdufvSef&onf
r[kwf}} [la&;om;cJhonf/ ]]aoG;om;&Sdaom}} [kajymqkda&;om;jcif;jzihf
&Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYteD;wpf0kdufrS ½kyfavmuukd&nfñTef;aeygonf/
wkdufyGJonf ½kyfykdif;qkdif&mwkdufyGJr[kwfaomaMumifh 4if;ukd½kyfykdif;qkdif&m
vufeufrsm;jzihf wkdufír&Ekdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\ usrf;pmausmif;rsm;ESihf
"r®wuúokdvfrsm;onf 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJtaMumif;ukd ykdrkdíoGefoifay;
MuzkdY vkdtyfonf/ 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJukd 0ifa&mufwkdufckdufEkdifpGrf;aom
oif;tkyfrsm;ESihf omoemjyKrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGU&zkdYvkdtyfonf/
&SifaygvkuJhokdY 0dnmOfa&;wkdufckdufrIukd oabmaygufNyD; xkdt&mESihf
ywfoufí vkyfaqmif&rnfht&mukd od&Sdxm;aom toif;awmf
acgif;aqmifrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGU&zkdY vkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
rdrdwkdY\pkdufysKd;O,smOfrsm;ü aygif;&Sif;&mwGif aygif;yifrsm;udk t&Gufrsm;
omukdjzwfí tjrpfrSrEIwfaomolrsm;ESihfwlMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
0dnmOfa&;&efolukd aoG;om;qefaomvufeufrsm;jzihf wkdufckdufzkdYBudK;pm;
aeMuaomaMumifh ½IH;edrfhjcif;ukdBuHKawGUae&jcif;jzpfEkdifygovm;/
þusrf;ykd'fü uREkfyfwkdY\ &efolESihfpyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvka&;om;xm;csufudk
avhvm MunfhMuygpkdY/
txG#ftjrwfrsm;? tmPmpufrsm;? avmuDarSmifrkdufü tpkd;w&
jyKvkyfaomrif;rsm;
þusrf;ykd'fwGif &SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYonf txG#ftjrwfwkdYESihf
308 309
ewfqdk;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
olonf xkdNrdKUukda&mufoGm;cJhaomfvnf; xkdNrdKUrSrnfonfhtoif;awmfu
olYukdoifwef;ay;zkdY zdwfMum;cJhonfukd arhavsmhoGm;cJhonf/ olonf
vkyfaqmif&rnfht&mukd odaecJhaomfvnf; rnfonfhae&mü vkyfaqmif
&rnfukdrl rodcJhyg/ ,aeYwGifvnf; wkdufyGJwpfckukd qifETJ&rnfh taMumif;
od&Sdxm;aom wkdufyGJonfrnfonfhae&mwGif&Sdonfukd rodaomc&pf
,mefrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ þonfrSm pmwefuuREkfyfwkdYü jzpfapvkdaomt&m
jzpfonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomwkdufyGJukd uREkfyfwkdYqifETJaeMujcif;onf pmwefukd
tvGefESpfoufaysmfarGUapygonf/
rdrdwkdY\toif;awmf *kdPf;*PESihfqkdifaom xl;jcm;uGJjym;csuf
rsm;? rdrdwkdY\tpOftvmrsm;? rdrdwkdY\xl;jcm;aom bk&m;ocifhEIwfu
ywfawmf\or®mw&m;ukd em;vnfoabmaygufxm;jcif;rsm;tm;
xdef;odrf;xm;&eftwGuf wkdufyGJ0ifaeMuaomtoif;awmfrsm;pGm&Sdonf/
þtoif;awmfrsm;rS toif;awmftcsKdUonf ocifa,½Iukd cspfjrwfEkd;í
rdrdwdkY\toufwmü 0dnmOftoD;oD;aom ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd arG;xkwf&ef
ysufuGufaecJhMuonf/ xkdtpm;? olwkdYonfwpfOD;ukdwpfOD; vnfyif;n§pf
írdrdwkdY\enf;vrf;onf or®mw&m;ESihfykdíeD;pyfaMumif; oufaojyzkdY
BudK;pm;jiif;ckHaeMuygonf/ xkduJhodkYaom wkdufyGJonfpmwefESpfoufaom
wkdufyGJjzpfonf/ olonfwkdufyGJ\ oabmobm0trSefukd rjrifEkdif&ef
uREkfyfwkdYtm; rsufpduef;ap&mü atmifjrifaeygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
rSm;,Gif;aomwkdufyGJukd wkdufaeorQumvywfvkH; pmwefüpkd;&drfylyef
p&mr&Sdyg/
þusrf;ykd'fi,fü &Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYtm;odapvkdaomt&m
wpfckom&SdaecJhvQif xkdt&monfwkdufyGJ\oabmobm0trSefjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku ]]igwkdYonfaoG;om;&Sdaom &efolwkdYESihfwkdufvSef&onf
r[kwf}} [la&;om;cJhonf/ ]]aoG;om;&Sdaom}} [kajymqkda&;om;jcif;jzihf
&Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYteD;wpf0kdufrS ½kyfavmuukd&nfñTef;aeygonf/
wkdufyGJonf ½kyfykdif;qkdif&mwkdufyGJr[kwfaomaMumifh 4if;ukd½kyfykdif;qkdif&m
vufeufrsm;jzihf wkdufír&Ekdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\ usrf;pmausmif;rsm;ESihf
"r®wuúokdvfrsm;onf 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJtaMumif;ukd ykdrkdíoGefoifay;
MuzkdY vkdtyfonf/ 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJukd 0ifa&mufwkdufckdufEkdifpGrf;aom
oif;tkyfrsm;ESihf omoemjyKrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGU&zkdYvkdtyfonf/
&SifaygvkuJhokdY 0dnmOfa&;wkdufckdufrIukd oabmaygufNyD; xkdt&mESihf
ywfoufí vkyfaqmif&rnfht&mukd od&Sdxm;aom toif;awmf
acgif;aqmifrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGU&zkdY vkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
rdrdwkdY\pkdufysKd;O,smOfrsm;ü aygif;&Sif;&mwGif aygif;yifrsm;udk t&Gufrsm;
omukdjzwfí tjrpfrSrEIwfaomolrsm;ESihfwlMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
0dnmOfa&;&efolukd aoG;om;qefaomvufeufrsm;jzihf wkdufckdufzkdYBudK;pm;
aeMuaomaMumifh ½IH;edrfhjcif;ukdBuHKawGUae&jcif;jzpfEkdifygovm;/
þusrf;ykd'fü uREkfyfwkdY\ &efolESihfpyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvka&;om;xm;csufudk
avhvm MunfhMuygpkdY/
txG#ftjrwfrsm;? tmPmpufrsm;? avmuDarSmifrkdufü tpkd;w&
jyKvkyfaomrif;rsm;
þusrf;ykd'fwGif &SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYonf txG#ftjrwfwkdYESihf
308 309
ewfqdk;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
vnf;aumif;? tmPmpufrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif;? avmuDarSmifrkdufü tpdk;
w&jyKvkyfaomrif;rsm;ESihfvnf;aumif; qkdifNydKifwkdufvSefaeMuaMumif;
ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm; ajymjyxm;onf/ þtxG#ftjrwfrsm;? tmPmpufrsm;?
avmuDarSmifrkdufü wpkd;w&jyKaomrif;wkdYrSm rnfol(okdY) rnfonfht&m
rsm;jzpfMuoenf;/ tay:,Htm;jzihfqkdvQif? 4if;wkdYonfuREkfyfwkdY\
acwfumv&Sd EkdifiHa&;(okdY) bmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm;[k xifrSwf&
onf/ okdYaomf? þokdYxifrSwfjcif;onf þusrf;ykd'fi,f\yxrykdif;ü
&Sifaygvkajymqkdxm;aomt&mESihf qefYusifaecJhygvdrfhrnf/ &Sifaygvku
uREkfyfwkdYqkdifNydKifwkdufvSefaeaom wkdufyGJonf ]]aoG;om;&Sdaom &efol
wkdY}} r[kwfaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYukdajymjycJhonf/ xkdYaMumihf olonfþae&m
wGif þavmu\vlom;acgif;aqmifrsm;ukd tajccHtm;jzihf &nfñTef;
xm;jcif;rjzpfEkdifyg/
a,m[ef 12;31 ESihf a,m[ef 14;30 wkdYwGif ocifa,½Iu
pmweftm; ]]avmuukdtpkd;&aomrif;}} tjzpfESihf ac:a0:cJhonf/
2aum 4;4 wGif &Sifaygvkuvnf; pmweftm; ]]avmuukdtpdk;&aom
bk&m;}} [k&nfñTef;cJhonf/ wrefawmf&Sifa,m[efu rdrd\pmzwfolwkdY
tm; avmuDom;taygif;wkdYonf ]]rm&fewf}} \ xdef;csKyfrIatmufü
&SdaeaMumif;ukd 1a,m 5;19 wGif today;cJhonf/ pmweftkyfpkd;aom
wkdif;EkdifiHukd yGJvkyfjcif;? ,pfrsKd;aomufMuL;jcif;? rw&m;aomarxkefü
rSD0Jjcif;? udavomnpfnL;jcif;? &efawGUjcif;? *kPfNydKifjcif;wkdY\ arSmif
rkdufEkdifiHtjzpfESihf azmfusL;xm;onf (a&mr 13;12-13 ukdMunfh½Iyg)/
,kHMunfolwkdYonf þarSmifrkdufwefckd;rS u,fq,fjcif;ukd cHMu&NyD;?
tvif;EkdifiHawmfxJü oGwfoGif;jcif;ukd cHcJhMu&onf (aumavmoJ 1;12-
13)/ þokdYajymqkdxm;aomfvnf;? txG#ftjrwfrsm;? tmPmpufrsm;ESihf
avmuDarSmifrkdufü tpkd;w&jyKaomolwkdYrSm rnfolrsm;jzpfMuoenf;/
pmwefonf acgif;aqmift½kduft&mrsm;ü &Sdaeaomolrsm;ukd tokH;jyK
aumif;jyKrnfjzpfaomfvnf;? 4if;ukd,fwkdifu ]]avmuukdtpkd;&aomrif;}}
ESihf ]]avmuukdtpkd;&aombk&m;}} jzpfaecJhygonf/ pmwefESihf4if;\
aumif;uifwrefrsm;onf þrsufarSmufavmuBuD;ukd tpkd;&aomol
rsm;jzpfMuonf/
pmwefESihf4if;\AkdvfajcAkdvf&H aumif;uifwrefrsm;u þavm
uBuD;ukd vuf&SdwGiftkyfpkd;aeMuygaomfvnf;? wpfaeYwGifolwkdY ½IH;edrfhMu
&rnfhtjzpfukd olwkdYodaeMuygonf/ 1aum 15;24 wGif uREkfyfwkdYtm;
þokdYajymqkdxm;onf/
xkdtcg c&pfawmfonf txG#ftjrwftmPm wefckd;trsKd;rsKd;ukd
y,f&Sif;í? rdrdEkdifiHukd bk&m;ocifwnf;[laom crnf;awmfü
tyfjyefawmfrlNyD;rS urÇmukef&vwHh/
þ0dnmOfa&;txG#ftjrwfwkdYESihf tmPmpufwkdYonf ocif
c&pfawmfvuf0g;uyfwkdifü taocHcJhjcif;tm;jzihf ½IH;edrfhaecJhMuNyD;
jzpfonf/ ocifa,½ItaMumif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í aumavmoJ 2;15 wGif
&Sifaygvku þtwkdif;az:jyxm;cJhonf/
txG#ftjrwf? tmPmpufrsm;ukdvk,lvQif? xif&Sm;pGm xkwfjy
í vuf0g;uyfwkdifawmftm;jzihf atmifyGJukdcHawmfrlNyD/
uREkfyfwkdYaeYpOf eyef;vkH;wkdufckdufae&aomt&mrSm pmwef\
þ0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkBuD;jzpfonf/ tkyfcsKyfoltpkd;&rsm;? ynma&;
rsm;ESifh aeYpOftoufwmrsm;ü 4if;\MoZmvTrf;rkd;aerIukd uREkfyfwkdY
ewfqdk;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;
310 311
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
vnf;aumif;? tmPmpufrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif;? avmuDarSmifrkdufü tpdk;
w&jyKvkyfaomrif;rsm;ESihfvnf;aumif; qkdifNydKifwkdufvSefaeMuaMumif;
ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm; ajymjyxm;onf/ þtxG#ftjrwfrsm;? tmPmpufrsm;?
avmuDarSmifrkdufü wpkd;w&jyKaomrif;wkdYrSm rnfol(okdY) rnfonfht&m
rsm;jzpfMuoenf;/ tay:,Htm;jzihfqkdvQif? 4if;wkdYonfuREkfyfwkdY\
acwfumv&Sd EkdifiHa&;(okdY) bmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm;[k xifrSwf&
onf/ okdYaomf? þokdYxifrSwfjcif;onf þusrf;ykd'fi,f\yxrykdif;ü
&Sifaygvkajymqkdxm;aomt&mESihf qefYusifaecJhygvdrfhrnf/ &Sifaygvku
uREkfyfwkdYqkdifNydKifwkdufvSefaeaom wkdufyGJonf ]]aoG;om;&Sdaom &efol
wkdY}} r[kwfaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYukdajymjycJhonf/ xkdYaMumihf olonfþae&m
wGif þavmu\vlom;acgif;aqmifrsm;ukd tajccHtm;jzihf &nfñTef;
xm;jcif;rjzpfEkdifyg/
a,m[ef 12;31 ESihf a,m[ef 14;30 wkdYwGif ocifa,½Iu
pmweftm; ]]avmuukdtpkd;&aomrif;}} tjzpfESihf ac:a0:cJhonf/
2aum 4;4 wGif &Sifaygvkuvnf; pmweftm; ]]avmuukdtpdk;&aom
bk&m;}} [k&nfñTef;cJhonf/ wrefawmf&Sifa,m[efu rdrd\pmzwfolwkdY
tm; avmuDom;taygif;wkdYonf ]]rm&fewf}} \ xdef;csKyfrIatmufü
&SdaeaMumif;ukd 1a,m 5;19 wGif today;cJhonf/ pmweftkyfpkd;aom
wkdif;EkdifiHukd yGJvkyfjcif;? ,pfrsKd;aomufMuL;jcif;? rw&m;aomarxkefü
rSD0Jjcif;? udavomnpfnL;jcif;? &efawGUjcif;? *kPfNydKifjcif;wkdY\ arSmif
rkdufEkdifiHtjzpfESihf azmfusL;xm;onf (a&mr 13;12-13 ukdMunfh½Iyg)/
,kHMunfolwkdYonf þarSmifrkdufwefckd;rS u,fq,fjcif;ukd cHMu&NyD;?
tvif;EkdifiHawmfxJü oGwfoGif;jcif;ukd cHcJhMu&onf (aumavmoJ 1;12-
13)/ þokdYajymqkdxm;aomfvnf;? txG#ftjrwfrsm;? tmPmpufrsm;ESihf
avmuDarSmifrkdufü tpkd;w&jyKaomolwkdYrSm rnfolrsm;jzpfMuoenf;/
pmwefonf acgif;aqmift½kduft&mrsm;ü &Sdaeaomolrsm;ukd tokH;jyK
aumif;jyKrnfjzpfaomfvnf;? 4if;ukd,fwkdifu ]]avmuukdtpkd;&aomrif;}}
ESihf ]]avmuukdtpkd;&aombk&m;}} jzpfaecJhygonf/ pmwefESihf4if;\
aumif;uifwrefrsm;onf þrsufarSmufavmuBuD;ukd tpkd;&aomol
rsm;jzpfMuonf/
pmwefESihf4if;\AkdvfajcAkdvf&H aumif;uifwrefrsm;u þavm
uBuD;ukd vuf&SdwGiftkyfpkd;aeMuygaomfvnf;? wpfaeYwGifolwkdY ½IH;edrfhMu
&rnfhtjzpfukd olwkdYodaeMuygonf/ 1aum 15;24 wGif uREkfyfwkdYtm;
þokdYajymqkdxm;onf/
xkdtcg c&pfawmfonf txG#ftjrwftmPm wefckd;trsKd;rsKd;ukd
y,f&Sif;í? rdrdEkdifiHukd bk&m;ocifwnf;[laom crnf;awmfü
tyfjyefawmfrlNyD;rS urÇmukef&vwHh/
þ0dnmOfa&;txG#ftjrwfwkdYESihf tmPmpufwkdYonf ocif
c&pfawmfvuf0g;uyfwkdifü taocHcJhjcif;tm;jzihf ½IH;edrfhaecJhMuNyD;
jzpfonf/ ocifa,½ItaMumif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í aumavmoJ 2;15 wGif
&Sifaygvku þtwkdif;az:jyxm;cJhonf/
txG#ftjrwf? tmPmpufrsm;ukdvk,lvQif? xif&Sm;pGm xkwfjy
í vuf0g;uyfwkdifawmftm;jzihf atmifyGJukdcHawmfrlNyD/
uREkfyfwkdYaeYpOf eyef;vkH;wkdufckdufae&aomt&mrSm pmwef\
þ0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkBuD;jzpfonf/ tkyfcsKyfoltpkd;&rsm;? ynma&;
rsm;ESifh aeYpOftoufwmrsm;ü 4if;\MoZmvTrf;rkd;aerIukd uREkfyfwkdY
ewfqdk;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;
310 311
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
avsmhwGufxm;ír&yg/ olwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\tusKd;tjrwftwGuf uREkfyf
wkdY\yifukdtm;jzifhtjypfvkyfvdkjcif;ukdtokH;jyKMuygonf/ pmwefonf
uREkfyfwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;üvnf;aumif;? toufwmrsm;üvnf;aumif;
rdrd&Sdaejcif;ukd rjrifEkdif&efuREkfyfwkdYukd rsufpduef;aeapygonf/ pmwefu
uREkfyfwkdYtm; ewfqkd;ESihf0dnmOfqkd;rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY\ pduful;oufouf
rsm;omjzpfMuonf[k xifrSwfoGm;apEkdifvQif olonfwkdufyGJwpf0ufukd
tEkdif&aecJhNyDjzpfonf/ trSefrSm pmwefESihf 4if;\aumif;uifwrefrsm;
onf wu,ftrSef&Sdaeaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ olwkdYonf þavmu
BuD;\ ae&mtESHYwGif vIyf&Sm;í4if;wkdY\ arSmifrkdufEkdifiHukd csJUxGifaeMu
ygonf/ olwkdYonf uREfkyfwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;rsm;ü jrifawGUae&aom
jyóemrsm;(tm;vkH;r[kwfaomfvnf;)\ t"dutaMumif;t&if;jzpf
onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ qkdifNydKifwkdufvSefrIonf olwkdYESihfjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku
uREkfyfwkdYtm; ]]ocifbk&m;tm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuzkdY}} ESihf uREkfyfwkdY\
0dnmOfa&;ppf0wfpkHrsm;ukd 0wfqifxm;MuzkdY ajymqkdcJhjcif;ukd tHhtm;
oifhp&mr&Sdyg/
rkd;aumif;uifüaeaom ewfqkd;rsm;
'kwd,taejzihf &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\
&efolonf rsufpdjzihfjrifír&EkdifaMumif; ajymjycJhonfukd owdjyKyg/
rsufpdjzihfrjrifEkdifonfh þaumufuspfpOf;vJaom tiftm;pkrsm;onf
]]rkd;aumif;uift&yfwkdYü}} aexkdifvIyf&Sm;Muygonf/ þavmuü uREkfyf
wkdY\teD;w0kdufwGif uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUae&aom ½kyf0wåKypönf;rsm;xuf
ykdaom aemufxyft&mrsm;&Sdaeygonf/ vlom;wkdY\ rsufpdjzihfrjrif
Ekdifaom avmuonfazmufjyefysufpD;aeaom aumif;uifwrefrsm;ESihf
oefY&Sif;aomaumif;uifwrefrsm; 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJ qifETJaeMuaom
avmujzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYrsufpdjzihf rjrifEkdifaom&efolukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYqkdifNydKif
wkdufvSefMurnfenf;/ þwkdufyGJukd uREkfyfwkdYqkdifNydKifwkdufvSefzkdYqkdvQif
uREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fhukd,fukd bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukd0wfqifzkdYay;xm;
onfh 0dnmOfa&;ppf0wfpkHjzifh a&S;OD;pGm0wfqifvTrf;NcHKxm;MuzkdY vkdtyf
ygvdrfhrnf/ 'kwd,taejzihf? uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmfukd wif;wif;MuyfMuyfzufwG,fxm;MuzkdY vkdtyfygvdrfhrnf/ xkdEIwf
uywfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfqDokdY ykdYaqmifay;rnfh uREkfyf
wkdY\ wpfckwnf;aomMoZmtmPm&Sdonfh vrf;jyjzpfonf/ aemufqkH;
taejzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifbk&m;tm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuzkdYvkdtyfonf/
ocifbk&m;tm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&Sdjcif;\ qkdvkd&if;wpfckrSm 0dnmOfa&;e,f
y,frsm;wGif bk&m;ocif\emrawmfü wkdufyGJwpfckukd qifETJ&efbk&m;
ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukday;tyfxm;onfh 0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ESihf
tcGihftmPmukd vufcH&,ljcif;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifbk&m;ukd
&SmBuHvQif ukd,fawmf&Sifonf uREkfyfwkdYukd&efol\ y&d,m,frsm;tm;
ykHzrf;rSwfrdí tajrmftjrif&Sd&Sdjzihf csifhcsdefqifjcifEkdif&eftwGuf vkdtyf
aomÓPfynmESihf xkd;xGif;odjrifEkdifpGrf;wkdYukd ay;oem;ygvdrfhrnf/
bk&m;ocifjyifqifay;aom ppf0wfpkHrsm;ukd0wfqifí bk&m;ocif\
cGeftm;pGrf;yum;wpfckwnf;ukdom rSDckdtm;xm;jcif;jzihfomvQif
uREkfyfwkdYonf þavmuDarSmifrkdufü tpkd;w&jyKvkyfaomrif;wkdYukd
atmifjrifausmfvTm;EkdifMuygvdrfhrnf/
ewfqdk;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;
312 313
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
avsmhwGufxm;ír&yg/ olwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\tusKd;tjrwftwGuf uREkfyf
wkdY\yifukdtm;jzifhtjypfvkyfvdkjcif;ukdtokH;jyKMuygonf/ pmwefonf
uREkfyfwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;üvnf;aumif;? toufwmrsm;üvnf;aumif;
rdrd&Sdaejcif;ukd rjrifEkdif&efuREkfyfwkdYukd rsufpduef;aeapygonf/ pmwefu
uREkfyfwkdYtm; ewfqkd;ESihf0dnmOfqkd;rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY\ pduful;oufouf
rsm;omjzpfMuonf[k xifrSwfoGm;apEkdifvQif olonfwkdufyGJwpf0ufukd
tEkdif&aecJhNyDjzpfonf/ trSefrSm pmwefESihf 4if;\aumif;uifwrefrsm;
onf wu,ftrSef&Sdaeaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ olwkdYonf þavmu
BuD;\ ae&mtESHYwGif vIyf&Sm;í4if;wkdY\ arSmifrkdufEkdifiHukd csJUxGifaeMu
ygonf/ olwkdYonf uREfkyfwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;rsm;ü jrifawGUae&aom
jyóemrsm;(tm;vkH;r[kwfaomfvnf;)\ t"dutaMumif;t&if;jzpf
onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ qkdifNydKifwkdufvSefrIonf olwkdYESihfjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku
uREkfyfwkdYtm; ]]ocifbk&m;tm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuzkdY}} ESihf uREkfyfwkdY\
0dnmOfa&;ppf0wfpkHrsm;ukd 0wfqifxm;MuzkdY ajymqkdcJhjcif;ukd tHhtm;
oifhp&mr&Sdyg/
rkd;aumif;uifüaeaom ewfqkd;rsm;
'kwd,taejzihf &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\
&efolonf rsufpdjzihfjrifír&EkdifaMumif; ajymjycJhonfukd owdjyKyg/
rsufpdjzihfrjrifEkdifonfh þaumufuspfpOf;vJaom tiftm;pkrsm;onf
]]rkd;aumif;uift&yfwkdYü}} aexkdifvIyf&Sm;Muygonf/ þavmuü uREkfyf
wkdY\teD;w0kdufwGif uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUae&aom ½kyf0wåKypönf;rsm;xuf
ykdaom aemufxyft&mrsm;&Sdaeygonf/ vlom;wkdY\ rsufpdjzihfrjrif
Ekdifaom avmuonfazmufjyefysufpD;aeaom aumif;uifwrefrsm;ESihf
oefY&Sif;aomaumif;uifwrefrsm; 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJ qifETJaeMuaom
avmujzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYrsufpdjzihf rjrifEkdifaom&efolukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYqkdifNydKif
wkdufvSefMurnfenf;/ þwkdufyGJukd uREkfyfwkdYqkdifNydKifwkdufvSefzkdYqkdvQif
uREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fhukd,fukd bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukd0wfqifzkdYay;xm;
onfh 0dnmOfa&;ppf0wfpkHjzifh a&S;OD;pGm0wfqifvTrf;NcHKxm;MuzkdY vkdtyf
ygvdrfhrnf/ 'kwd,taejzihf? uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmfukd wif;wif;MuyfMuyfzufwG,fxm;MuzkdY vkdtyfygvdrfhrnf/ xkdEIwf
uywfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfqDokdY ykdYaqmifay;rnfh uREkfyf
wkdY\ wpfckwnf;aomMoZmtmPm&Sdonfh vrf;jyjzpfonf/ aemufqkH;
taejzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifbk&m;tm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&SdMuzkdYvkdtyfonf/
ocifbk&m;tm;jzihf ckdifcHhjcif;&Sdjcif;\ qkdvkd&if;wpfckrSm 0dnmOfa&;e,f
y,frsm;wGif bk&m;ocif\emrawmfü wkdufyGJwpfckukd qifETJ&efbk&m;
ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukday;tyfxm;onfh 0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ESihf
tcGihftmPmukd vufcH&,ljcif;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifbk&m;ukd
&SmBuHvQif ukd,fawmf&Sifonf uREkfyfwkdYukd&efol\ y&d,m,frsm;tm;
ykHzrf;rSwfrdí tajrmftjrif&Sd&Sdjzihf csifhcsdefqifjcifEkdif&eftwGuf vkdtyf
aomÓPfynmESihf xkd;xGif;odjrifEkdifpGrf;wkdYukd ay;oem;ygvdrfhrnf/
bk&m;ocifjyifqifay;aom ppf0wfpkHrsm;ukd0wfqifí bk&m;ocif\
cGeftm;pGrf;yum;wpfckwnf;ukdom rSDckdtm;xm;jcif;jzihfomvQif
uREkfyfwkdYonf þavmuDarSmifrkdufü tpkd;w&jyKvkyfaomrif;wkdYukd
atmifjrifausmfvTm;EkdifMuygvdrfhrnf/
ewfqdk;\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;
312 313
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdY,aeYwGif uREkfyfwkdY\teD;tem;rS 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJukd
rnfrQowdjyKrdaeMuygoenf;/
xkdwkdufyGJ\ oabmobm0trSefukd aumif;rGefpGm od&Sdem;vnf
xm;jcif;u uREkfyfwkdY\wkdufckdufykHukd rnfokdYajymif;vJapyg
oenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUwGif&Sdaeaom þwkdufyGJukd qkdifNydKifwkdufvSefzkdY
uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfovkdtokH;jyKEkdifzkdY rnfonfht&mtqifoihf&Sdae
ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
,aeYwGif oifha&SUarSmufü&Sdaeaom wkdufyGJ\oabmobm0
trSefukd oifjrifawGUEkdifzkdY oihfrsufpdrsm;ukd zGihfay;&efbk&m;
ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
þ0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJukd qkdifNydKifwkdufvSef&eftwGuf vkdtyfaom
vufeufwefqmrsm;tm; oihfukday;tyfxm;aomaMumihf ocif
bk&m;ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifonf uG,fumapmifha&Smufjcif;ukd cH&zkdYocifbk&m;u
oifhukdrdrd\ cGeftm;pGrf;yum;ESifhvnf;aumif;? oifhukday;tyf
xm;aom ppf0wfpkHESifhvnf;aumif; 0wfqifvTrf;NcHKay;&ef
awmif;avQmufyg/
2727
2727
27
opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;
opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;
opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;
{zuf 6;14 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvku ppf0wfpkHtpdwftykdif;trsKd;rsKd;wkdY\ ykHyef;rsm;tm;
azmfjyjcif;ukd opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;jzihf tpjyKxm;onf/ þvuf
eufppf0wfwefqmrsm;\ ae&mtvkdufpDpOfxm;rIonf 4if;wkdY\
OD;pm;ay;owfrSwfcsufrsm;tm; r&nfñTef;xm;aMumif;ukd þae&mwGif
oabmaygufxm;&ygrnf/ þppf0wfwefqmwpfckpDonf ppfol&JtwGuf
r&SdrjzpfvkdtyfMuonf/ tcsKdUaom&Sif;vif;a&;om;csufrsm;u þae&m
ü &SifaygvktokH;jyKxm;aom ae&mtvkduf tpDtpOfcsxm;rI onf
ppfol&JwpfOD;u rdrd\ppf0wfpkHwefqmukd wpfckNyD;wpfckykHrSef 0wfqif
jcif;tpDtpOfomjzpfonf[k qkdMuonf/ yxrppf0wfwefqmukd uREkfyf
wkdY,ckavhvmMunfhMuygpkdY/
þae&mü ajymxm;aom opömw&m; (or®mw&m;)onf
t"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/ rl&if;bmompum;wGif þpum;vkH;onf
½kd;om;rSefuefaom tusihfpm&dwåukd&nfñTef;Ekdifonf/ ajymqkdonfht
wkdif;rusihfBuHaMumif;ukd oifodxm;onfh vlwpfa,mufu taMumif;
t&mwpfcktaMumif;ajymjyjcif;ukd oifem;axmifzl;ygovm;/ þyk*¾dKvf
314
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdY,aeYwGif uREkfyfwkdY\teD;tem;rS 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJukd
rnfrQowdjyKrdaeMuygoenf;/
xkdwkdufyGJ\ oabmobm0trSefukd aumif;rGefpGm od&Sdem;vnf
xm;jcif;u uREkfyfwkdY\wkdufckdufykHukd rnfokdYajymif;vJapyg
oenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUwGif&Sdaeaom þwkdufyGJukd qkdifNydKifwkdufvSefzkdY
uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfovkdtokH;jyKEkdifzkdY rnfonfht&mtqifoihf&Sdae
ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
,aeYwGif oifha&SUarSmufü&Sdaeaom wkdufyGJ\oabmobm0
trSefukd oifjrifawGUEkdifzkdY oihfrsufpdrsm;ukd zGihfay;&efbk&m;
ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
þ0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJukd qkdifNydKifwkdufvSef&eftwGuf vkdtyfaom
vufeufwefqmrsm;tm; oihfukday;tyfxm;aomaMumihf ocif
bk&m;ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifonf uG,fumapmifha&Smufjcif;ukd cH&zkdYocifbk&m;u
oifhukdrdrd\ cGeftm;pGrf;yum;ESifhvnf;aumif;? oifhukday;tyf
xm;aom ppf0wfpkHESifhvnf;aumif; 0wfqifvTrf;NcHKay;&ef
awmif;avQmufyg/
2727
2727
27
opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;
opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;
opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;
{zuf 6;14 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvku ppf0wfpkHtpdwftykdif;trsKd;rsKd;wkdY\ ykHyef;rsm;tm;
azmfjyjcif;ukd opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;jzihf tpjyKxm;onf/ þvuf
eufppf0wfwefqmrsm;\ ae&mtvkdufpDpOfxm;rIonf 4if;wkdY\
OD;pm;ay;owfrSwfcsufrsm;tm; r&nfñTef;xm;aMumif;ukd þae&mwGif
oabmaygufxm;&ygrnf/ þppf0wfwefqmwpfckpDonf ppfol&JtwGuf
r&SdrjzpfvkdtyfMuonf/ tcsKdUaom&Sif;vif;a&;om;csufrsm;u þae&m
ü &SifaygvktokH;jyKxm;aom ae&mtvkduf tpDtpOfcsxm;rI onf
ppfol&JwpfOD;u rdrd\ppf0wfpkHwefqmukd wpfckNyD;wpfckykHrSef 0wfqif
jcif;tpDtpOfomjzpfonf[k qkdMuonf/ yxrppf0wfwefqmukd uREkfyf
wkdY,ckavhvmMunfhMuygpkdY/
þae&mü ajymxm;aom opömw&m; (or®mw&m;)onf
t"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/ rl&if;bmompum;wGif þpum;vkH;onf
½kd;om;rSefuefaom tusihfpm&dwåukd&nfñTef;Ekdifonf/ ajymqkdonfht
wkdif;rusihfBuHaMumif;ukd oifodxm;onfh vlwpfa,mufu taMumif;
t&mwpfcktaMumif;ajymjyjcif;ukd oifem;axmifzl;ygovm;/ þyk*¾dKvf
314
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
rsm;ajymqkdaomt&mukd uREkfyfwkdYtav;teufxm;rIrSm tvGef&Sm;yg
onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\a&SUü ½kd;om;rSefuefjcif;r&SdbJ?
rkd;aumif;uift&yfüaeaom ewfqkd;wkdYESihf ppfyGJqifETJ&ef&SmBuHMuaom
tcg xkdewfqdk;wkdYonf uREkfyfwkdYukdtav;teufxm;Murnf[k
oifxifygovm;/ 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJonf olawmfaumif;[efaqmif
aomolrsm;twGuf r[kwfyg/
oifonf ocifbk&m;ESihfoifhwifhrIr&SdvQif yxrqkH;oifvkyf
aqmifzkdYvkdtyfaomt&mrSm oihftjypfrsm;ukd 0efcsawmif;yefí bk&m;
ocifESihfjyefvnf oifhjrwfjcif;ukd&,l&efjzpfonf/ uREkfyf\nDtpfukdu
uREkfyfwkdYü rauseyfcsufwpfckck &Sdaeonf[kcHpm;&vQif uREkfyfwkdYonf
ylaZmfoumukd ,Zfyv’ifa&SUwGif xm;cJhí,ZfylaZmfjcif;rjyKvkyfrD wGif
olESihfjyefvnfoifhjrwfzkdY vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfaMumif; ocifa,½Iu
ajymjyxm;onf (róJ 5;23-24)/ 0wfjyKukd;uG,fjcif;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonf
bk&m;ocifESihfjyefvnfoihfjrwfjcif;ukdvkdtyfMuvQif? þt&monf
avmuDarSmifrkdufü tpkd;w&jyKvkyfaomrif;wkdYESihfuREkfyfwkdYwkdufckduf
&mwGifvnf; rSefuefaernfr[kwfygvm;/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUarSmufü &Sdae
aom 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJwGif tEkdif&jcif;onf bk&m;ocifESihfoifhwifh
rSefuefrI&Sdaom qufqH&if;ESD;jcif;jzihf tpjyKygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\
tjypfrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY0efcHzkdYvkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYjypfrSm;cJhaom olrsm;
xHokdY oGm;a&mufíjyefvnfoihfjrwf&ef jyKvkyfMu&rnf/ tawG;pdwful;
rsm;ESihf pdwfESvkH;\oabmxm;rS vQKdU0Sufcsufrsm;ukd wkdifwG,fajz&Sif;zkdY
vkdtyfonf/ þt&mrsm;ukd rajz&Sif;rcsif; uREkfyfwkdYonf toufwmü
&efolukd ajcukyfwpfck,lzkdY tcGihfay;aeygonf/ þtjypf'kp½kdufrsm;
tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü &efolukd0ifcGihf qufvufí ay;aecsdef
wGif 4if;ukdtEkdif,lzkdY uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYarQmfvihf Ekdifrnfenf;/ oifonf
&efolESihf qkdifNydKifwkdufvSefvkdvQif ocifa,½Iukd ½kd;om;rSefuefpGm
cspfjrwfEkd;&rnfjzpfonf/ ykHo@meftrsKd;rsKd;ESihf&Sdaeaom tjypf'kp½kduf
onf uREkfyfwkdYtxJokdY 0ifrvmEkdif&ef wHcg;ukd ydwfxm;Ekdifavmufonf
txd ocifa,½Iukdcspf&ayrnf/ þonfrSm opömwnf;[laom cg;yef;
\yxroGifjyifvu©Pmjzpfonf/
or®mw&m; (opömt&m;) onfuREkfyfwkdY\ tusihfpm&dwåESihfom
oufqkdifonfr[kwf? vufawGUtrSefw&m;ukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfoabm
ayguf jcif;ESihfvnf; qufpyfaeygonf/ &efolu xl;cRefajymifajrmufpGm
vkyfaqmifEkdifaom t&mwpfck&SdcJhrnfqkdvQif xkdt&monfrkom;ESihf
vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;jzpfonf/ a,m[ef 8;44 wGif ocifa,½Iu
rdrd\acwfumvrS bmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm;xHü þokdYajymcJhonf/
oifwkdYonf oifwkdY\tbwnf;[laom rm&fewfrS qif;ouf
Mu\/ oifwkdYtb\tvkdokdYvnf; vkdufwwfMu\/ rm&fewf
onf a&SUOD;pGmrSpí vltoufukd owfaomoljzpf\/ olüopöm
w&m;r&SdaomaMumihf opömw&m;ü rwnfrae/ olonf
rkompum;ukdajymaomtcg rdrdyuwdtwkdif;ajym\/ rkom
pum;ü usifvnfaomaomoljzpf\/ rkom\tbvnf; jzpf\/
þae&mwGif ocifa,½Iurm&fewfwGif or®mw&m;vkH;vkH;
r&SdaMumif; &Sif;vif;xif&Sm;pGm uREkfyfwkdYukd ajymjyxm;onf/ olonf
opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;
316 317
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
rsm;ajymqkdaomt&mukd uREkfyfwkdYtav;teufxm;rIrSm tvGef&Sm;yg
onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\a&SUü ½kd;om;rSefuefjcif;r&SdbJ?
rkd;aumif;uift&yfüaeaom ewfqkd;wkdYESihf ppfyGJqifETJ&ef&SmBuHMuaom
tcg xkdewfqdk;wkdYonf uREkfyfwkdYukdtav;teufxm;Murnf[k
oifxifygovm;/ 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJonf olawmfaumif;[efaqmif
aomolrsm;twGuf r[kwfyg/
oifonf ocifbk&m;ESihfoifhwifhrIr&SdvQif yxrqkH;oifvkyf
aqmifzkdYvkdtyfaomt&mrSm oihftjypfrsm;ukd 0efcsawmif;yefí bk&m;
ocifESihfjyefvnf oifhjrwfjcif;ukd&,l&efjzpfonf/ uREkfyf\nDtpfukdu
uREkfyfwkdYü rauseyfcsufwpfckck &Sdaeonf[kcHpm;&vQif uREkfyfwkdYonf
ylaZmfoumukd ,Zfyv’ifa&SUwGif xm;cJhí,ZfylaZmfjcif;rjyKvkyfrD wGif
olESihfjyefvnfoifhjrwfzkdY vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfaMumif; ocifa,½Iu
ajymjyxm;onf (róJ 5;23-24)/ 0wfjyKukd;uG,fjcif;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonf
bk&m;ocifESihfjyefvnfoihfjrwfjcif;ukdvkdtyfMuvQif? þt&monf
avmuDarSmifrkdufü tpkd;w&jyKvkyfaomrif;wkdYESihfuREkfyfwkdYwkdufckduf
&mwGifvnf; rSefuefaernfr[kwfygvm;/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUarSmufü &Sdae
aom 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJwGif tEkdif&jcif;onf bk&m;ocifESihfoifhwifh
rSefuefrI&Sdaom qufqH&if;ESD;jcif;jzihf tpjyKygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\
tjypfrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY0efcHzkdYvkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYjypfrSm;cJhaom olrsm;
xHokdY oGm;a&mufíjyefvnfoihfjrwf&ef jyKvkyfMu&rnf/ tawG;pdwful;
rsm;ESihf pdwfESvkH;\oabmxm;rS vQKdU0Sufcsufrsm;ukd wkdifwG,fajz&Sif;zkdY
vkdtyfonf/ þt&mrsm;ukd rajz&Sif;rcsif; uREkfyfwkdYonf toufwmü
&efolukd ajcukyfwpfck,lzkdY tcGihfay;aeygonf/ þtjypf'kp½kdufrsm;
tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü &efolukd0ifcGihf qufvufí ay;aecsdef
wGif 4if;ukdtEkdif,lzkdY uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYarQmfvihf Ekdifrnfenf;/ oifonf
&efolESihf qkdifNydKifwkdufvSefvkdvQif ocifa,½Iukd ½kd;om;rSefuefpGm
cspfjrwfEkd;&rnfjzpfonf/ ykHo@meftrsKd;rsKd;ESihf&Sdaeaom tjypf'kp½kduf
onf uREkfyfwkdYtxJokdY 0ifrvmEkdif&ef wHcg;ukd ydwfxm;Ekdifavmufonf
txd ocifa,½Iukdcspf&ayrnf/ þonfrSm opömwnf;[laom cg;yef;
\yxroGifjyifvu©Pmjzpfonf/
or®mw&m; (opömt&m;) onfuREkfyfwkdY\ tusihfpm&dwåESihfom
oufqkdifonfr[kwf? vufawGUtrSefw&m;ukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfoabm
ayguf jcif;ESihfvnf; qufpyfaeygonf/ &efolu xl;cRefajymifajrmufpGm
vkyfaqmifEkdifaom t&mwpfck&SdcJhrnfqkdvQif xkdt&monfrkom;ESihf
vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;jzpfonf/ a,m[ef 8;44 wGif ocifa,½Iu
rdrd\acwfumvrS bmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm;xHü þokdYajymcJhonf/
oifwkdYonf oifwkdY\tbwnf;[laom rm&fewfrS qif;ouf
Mu\/ oifwkdYtb\tvkdokdYvnf; vkdufwwfMu\/ rm&fewf
onf a&SUOD;pGmrSpí vltoufukd owfaomoljzpf\/ olüopöm
w&m;r&SdaomaMumihf opömw&m;ü rwnfrae/ olonf
rkompum;ukdajymaomtcg rdrdyuwdtwkdif;ajym\/ rkom
pum;ü usifvnfaomaomoljzpf\/ rkom\tbvnf; jzpf\/
þae&mwGif ocifa,½Iurm&fewfwGif or®mw&m;vkH;vkH;
r&SdaMumif; &Sif;vif;xif&Sm;pGm uREkfyfwkdYukd ajymjyxm;onf/ olonf
opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;
316 317
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
rkom\tbvnf;jzpfonf/ {'ifO,mOfBuD;qDokdY jyefoGm;&rnfqkdvQif
pmwefonf {0ukdtoufyifrS toD;ukdpm;vQif xm0&touf&Sifoef
oGm;&rnf[k ajymqkdjcif;jzihfolrukd vSnfhjzm;cJhonf/ olruvnf; opfoD;
ukdpm;cJhNyD; aoqkH;oGm;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\&efolonf uREkfyfwkdYukd
qufvufí vSnfhjzm;aeygonf/ rdrdtokH;jyKaeaom enf;y&d,m,fonf
rdrdtwGuf tvGeftokH;0iftvkyfjzpfaeaomtcsdefwGif pmwefonf
xkdenf;y&d,m,fukd tb,faMumihfajymif;vJ&rnfenf;/ pmwef\vSnfh
jzm;rIrsm;onf ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;ESihf&SdaeMuonf/ olonfyxrOD;pGm bk&m;
ocifESihfvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfESihf ywfoufí
vnf;aumif; uREkfyfwkdYukdvSnfjzm;ygonf/ þt&monf {'ifO,smOf
BuD;xJü {0ukdwkdufckdufcJhjcif;rsKd;yifjzpfonf/ olonf{0ukd vSnfhjzm;
cJhNyD;? bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfonf trSefwu,frSefuefrI &Sdr&Sd
olr\pdwfü odcsifpdwfrsm;jzpfay:vmapcJhonf/ "r®wuúokdvfrsm;ESihf
usrf;pmausmif;rsm;pGmonf or®musrf;pm\tcGihftmPmukd tb,f
aMumihfar;cGef;xkwfaecJhMuonfukd oiftHhMordygovm;/ þae&mwGif
vnf; &efol\wkdufckdufjcif;ukd txift&Sm;jrifawGUae&onfrSm tHhtm;
oifhzG,fr[kwfyg/ pmwefuolonf uREkfyfwkdYtm; or®musrf;pm\or®m
w&m;ukd ab;z,fxm;Mu&ef zefwD;EkdifvQif uREkfyfwkdY\vltzGJUtpnf;xJ
ü rdrdpdwfBudKufvkyfaqmifEkdif&ef vrf;rsm;yGihfvmrnfukd od&Sdxm;ygonf/
olYukdqD;wm;rnfh or®musrf;pm\ukd,fusifhw&m;pHcsdefpHñGef;rsm; r&Sd
awmhvQif olonfvlom;rsm;ukd trsKd;rsKd;aomtusihfpm&dwå,kd,Gif;ysuf
jym;jcif;ESihf azmufjyefysufpD;jcif;ü vrf;jyoGm;&ef vGwfvyfoGm;ygvdrfh
rnf/ or®musrf;pm\ &Sif;vif;jywfom;aom oGefoifcsufrsm;r&SdvQif
olonfvlwkdYukd bk&m;ociftm; rdrdwkdYBudKufESpfoufonfhtwkdif; xifjrif
ykHazmfapEkdifygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ tcef;u@ukd
aemufykdif;wGif uREkfyfwkdYykdítao;pdwfajymqkdoGm;ygrnf/ pmwefonf
bk&m;ocifESihfvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfESihfvnf;
aumif; pyfvsOf;í uREkfyf\tawG;tac:rsm;ukd arSmufvSef&efBudK;pm;
&mwGif tvGefxl;cRefajymifajrmufaMumif; þae&mwGif ajymzkdYvkHavmuf
ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf avmuDarSmifrkdufütpkd;w&jyKvkyfaom tiftm;
pkrsm;ukd tEkdif,lvkdvQif bk&m;ocifESihfbk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;aomor®mw&m;ukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfoabmayguf MuzkdY
vkdtyfygonf/
pmwefuwkdufckdufzkdY &SmBuHaeaomtjcm;tykdif;rSm ocifc&pf
awmfü uREkfyfwkdY\jzpfwnfrItykdif;jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf
uREkfyfwkdYrnfolrnf0gjzpfMuonf[laom or®mw&m;tm; wvGJwacsmf
vdrfvnfwifjy&onfukd pmweftvGeft&omawGUygonf/ oihf&JU
tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;aMumihf bk&m;ocifonf oihfukdvkH;vkH;todtrSwfjyK
vufcHEkdifcJhrnfr[kwf[k pmwefuoihfukd ,kHMunfaumif;,kHMunfoGm;
ygvdrfhrnf/ oifonf t½IH;orm;jzpfonf[k ajymqkd&ef olBudK;pm;aumif;
BudK;pm;ygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifu oihfukdpGefYypfoGm;cJhNyD[k oifhukd,kHMunf
oGm;aprnfhtajctaersm;ukd olzefwD;aumif;zefwD;ygvdrfhrnf/
þtajctaersm;wGif uREkfyfwkdYrnfonfhbufokdY OD;vSnfhMurnfenf;/
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfqDokdY OD;vSnfhMu&rnfjzpfonf/ oefY&Sif;
opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;
318 319
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
rkom\tbvnf;jzpfonf/ {'ifO,mOfBuD;qDokdY jyefoGm;&rnfqkdvQif
pmwefonf {0ukdtoufyifrS toD;ukdpm;vQif xm0&touf&Sifoef
oGm;&rnf[k ajymqkdjcif;jzihfolrukd vSnfhjzm;cJhonf/ olruvnf; opfoD;
ukdpm;cJhNyD; aoqkH;oGm;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\&efolonf uREkfyfwkdYukd
qufvufí vSnfhjzm;aeygonf/ rdrdtokH;jyKaeaom enf;y&d,m,fonf
rdrdtwGuf tvGeftokH;0iftvkyfjzpfaeaomtcsdefwGif pmwefonf
xkdenf;y&d,m,fukd tb,faMumihfajymif;vJ&rnfenf;/ pmwef\vSnfh
jzm;rIrsm;onf ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;ESihf&SdaeMuonf/ olonfyxrOD;pGm bk&m;
ocifESihfvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfESihf ywfoufí
vnf;aumif; uREkfyfwkdYukdvSnfjzm;ygonf/ þt&monf {'ifO,smOf
BuD;xJü {0ukdwkdufckdufcJhjcif;rsKd;yifjzpfonf/ olonf{0ukd vSnfhjzm;
cJhNyD;? bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfonf trSefwu,frSefuefrI &Sdr&Sd
olr\pdwfü odcsifpdwfrsm;jzpfay:vmapcJhonf/ "r®wuúokdvfrsm;ESihf
usrf;pmausmif;rsm;pGmonf or®musrf;pm\tcGihftmPmukd tb,f
aMumihfar;cGef;xkwfaecJhMuonfukd oiftHhMordygovm;/ þae&mwGif
vnf; &efol\wkdufckdufjcif;ukd txift&Sm;jrifawGUae&onfrSm tHhtm;
oifhzG,fr[kwfyg/ pmwefuolonf uREkfyfwkdYtm; or®musrf;pm\or®m
w&m;ukd ab;z,fxm;Mu&ef zefwD;EkdifvQif uREkfyfwkdY\vltzGJUtpnf;xJ
ü rdrdpdwfBudKufvkyfaqmifEkdif&ef vrf;rsm;yGihfvmrnfukd od&Sdxm;ygonf/
olYukdqD;wm;rnfh or®musrf;pm\ukd,fusifhw&m;pHcsdefpHñGef;rsm; r&Sd
awmhvQif olonfvlom;rsm;ukd trsKd;rsKd;aomtusihfpm&dwå,kd,Gif;ysuf
jym;jcif;ESihf azmufjyefysufpD;jcif;ü vrf;jyoGm;&ef vGwfvyfoGm;ygvdrfh
rnf/ or®musrf;pm\ &Sif;vif;jywfom;aom oGefoifcsufrsm;r&SdvQif
olonfvlwkdYukd bk&m;ociftm; rdrdwkdYBudKufESpfoufonfhtwkdif; xifjrif
ykHazmfapEkdifygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ tcef;u@ukd
aemufykdif;wGif uREkfyfwkdYykdítao;pdwfajymqkdoGm;ygrnf/ pmwefonf
bk&m;ocifESihfvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfESihfvnf;
aumif; pyfvsOf;í uREkfyf\tawG;tac:rsm;ukd arSmufvSef&efBudK;pm;
&mwGif tvGefxl;cRefajymifajrmufaMumif; þae&mwGif ajymzkdYvkHavmuf
ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf avmuDarSmifrkdufütpkd;w&jyKvkyfaom tiftm;
pkrsm;ukd tEkdif,lvkdvQif bk&m;ocifESihfbk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;aomor®mw&m;ukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfoabmayguf MuzkdY
vkdtyfygonf/
pmwefuwkdufckdufzkdY &SmBuHaeaomtjcm;tykdif;rSm ocifc&pf
awmfü uREkfyfwkdY\jzpfwnfrItykdif;jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf
uREkfyfwkdYrnfolrnf0gjzpfMuonf[laom or®mw&m;tm; wvGJwacsmf
vdrfvnfwifjy&onfukd pmweftvGeft&omawGUygonf/ oihf&JU
tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;aMumihf bk&m;ocifonf oihfukdvkH;vkH;todtrSwfjyK
vufcHEkdifcJhrnfr[kwf[k pmwefuoihfukd ,kHMunfaumif;,kHMunfoGm;
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BudK;pm;ygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifu oihfukdpGefYypfoGm;cJhNyD[k oifhukd,kHMunf
oGm;aprnfhtajctaersm;ukd olzefwD;aumif;zefwD;ygvdrfhrnf/
þtajctaersm;wGif uREkfyfwkdYrnfonfhbufokdY OD;vSnfhMurnfenf;/
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfqDokdY OD;vSnfhMu&rnfjzpfonf/ oefY&Sif;
opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;
318 319
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
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EIwfuywfawmfonf or®mw&m;\wpfckwnf;aom ppfrSefonfh t&if;
tjrpfjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfa&;wkdufckdufrIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif jzwfoef;
ae&aomtcsdefrsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonf þor®mw&m;ukd zufwG,fxm;Mu
&rnfjzpfonf/ &efol\vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;rsm;rS vGwfajrmuf&ef
uREkfyfwkdY vkdtyfaomt&mrSm or®mw&m;wpfyg;wnf;omjzpfonfh
tcsdefrsm;vnf;&Sdygonf/ ]]or®mw&m;ukdvnf; odMuojzihf? xkdw&m;
onf oifwkdYukdvTwfvdrfhrnf}} (a,m[ef 8;32)/
uREkfyf\toufwmwGif pmwef\vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;rIrsm;ukd
,kHMunfcJhonfhtcsdefrsm; &SdcJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfukdrnfokdY
vufcHtodtrSwfjyKEkdifcJhonfukd uREkfyfrMumcPawG;rdcJhonf/ uREkfyf
onf t½IH;orm;vkH;vkH;jzpfonf[kvnf; rMumcPcHpm;rdonf/ oHo,
pdwfrsm;onf uREkfyf\pdwfudkzdpD;í uREkfyfukdpdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;?
arQmfvifhcsufukefqkH;jcif;rsm;ESihf xm;cJhygonf/ þtajctaersm;wGif
uREkfyfonf pmwef\vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;rIrsm;ukd ,kHMunfaecJhaMumif;
oabmaygufrdcJhaomtcsdefüom atmifjrifjcif;onf uREkfyfxHa&muf
vmcJhygonf/ bk&m;ocif\ rIwfoGif;jcif;cH EIwfuywfawmfukd oabm
wlonfhtaejzihf xkdrkom;rsm;ukd uREkfyfjiif;y,fzkdYvkdtyfcJhonf/ or®m
w&m;wpfckwnf;uom uREkfyfukdvGwfajrmufapEkdifcJhygonf/ uREkfyfonf
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukd ,kHMunfukd;pm;í EIwfuywfawmfqDokdY
OD;vSnfhaomtcgwGif pmwefonfuREkfyfukdvufvTwfí oGm;cGihfjyKzkdY zdtm;
ay;cH&onf/
wrefawmf&Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYonf rm&fewfukdqD;wm;Mu
&rnfjzpfNyD;? xkdokdYjyKvQifolonf uREkfyfwkdYxHrS xGufajy;vdrfhrnfjzpf
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vSnfhjzm;rIrsm;ukd ckcHqD;wm;&ef &nfrSef;xm;yg/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
þqifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;ü aqG;aEG;cJhMuaomor®mw&m;\ ykHyef;
oGifjyifESpfckrSm tb,fenf;/
pmwefonf rkom;\tbjzpfonf[k or®musrf;pmu uREkfyfwkdY
ukdoGefoifay;xm;ygonf/ pmwefonf þrkom;rsm;ukd uREkfyf
wkdY\acwfumvü rnfodkYtokH;jyKaecJhygoenf;/
pmwef\vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;rIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYwefjyef
qefYusifwGef;vSefMu&rnfenf;/
opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;
324 325
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
ykHo@meftrsKd;rsKd;ESihf &SdaeMuygonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tapcHrsm;ukd
pmwefu pdwfysuftm;i,foGm;apEkdifonfh enf;vrf;tm;vkH;ukd uREkfyf
wkdYrpOf;pm;Ekdifyg/ bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;uom
uREkfyfwkdYukd a&SUqufavQmufzkdY cGeftm;ay;Ekdifygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ 0dnmOf
a&;&efolrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYqkdifNydKifwkdufvSef&mü uREkfyfwkdYukd þopöm
wnf;[laom cg;yef;urnfokdYulnDay;ykHESihf pyfvsOf;íaemufqkH;
xkwfazmfajymMum;csufwpfckESihftwl ed*kH;csKyfcGifhjyKyg/
pmwef\EkdifiHonf vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;rsm;ay:wGif
wnfaqmufxm;onfukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfxm;Muonf/ arSmifrkdufukd
tEkdif,l&ef tvif;vkdtyfouJhodkY pmwef\vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;rIrsm;ukd
tEkdif,l&ef or®mw&m;vkdtyfygonf/ pmwefonf rdrd\EkdifiHukd wnf
aqmuf&eftwGuf rdrd\vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;rIrsm;ukd ,kHMunfvmMuzkdY
vlrsm;ukd vSnfhpm;&onf/ þt&mtwGuf wpfckwnf;aomajzaq;rSm
bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;ukd ,kHMunfjcif;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;wpfckwnf;uomvQif uREkfyf
wdkYukd pmwef\t,lrSm;rsm;rS vGwfajrmufapEkdifygonf/ pmwefukd
tEkdif,lEkdifzkdYqkdvQif uREkfyfwkdYonf &efol\wkdufckdufrIrsm;ukd od&Sdem;
vnfí 4if;wkdYukdor®mw&m;jzihf ckcHqD;wm;&ygrnf/
oiftjypfusL;vGefaeonfukd rnfolurQrodaomaMumihf tjypf
usL;vGefjcif;onf rSm;,Gif;rIr&Sd[k pmwef\ajymoHukdoifMum;&onfh
tcsdefrsm; &Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ pmwefuoihfukd oifhpdwfxJücHpm;ae&aom
t&mrsm;onf obm0jzpf½kd;jzpfpOfomjzpfNyD;? oihfpdwfukdvGwfay;zkdY
&SufaMumufp&mrvkdaMumif; BudK;pm;ajymqkdonfukdvnf; oifcHpm;
aumif;cHpm;&ygrnf/ pmwefonf 4if;\rkom;ESihfvdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;
jcif;jr§m;jzifhoifhukdwkdufckdufvmaomtcg oifrnfonfht&mukd vkyf&rnf
enf;/ tqifhwpfrSm þrkom;onf &efolxHrSvmaomt&mjzpfaMumif;
ukdod&Sdem;vnfjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifhESpfrSm xkdt&mukd vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;rI
wpfcktjzpf ckcHqD;wm;&rnfjzpfonf/ tqifhokH;rSm xkdt&mukd bk&m;
ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ bk&m;ocifhor®mw&m;jzihf wefjyefqefYusif&
rnfjzpfonf/ þrkom;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYod&SdEkdifrnfukd aemufykdif;wGif
ykdíajymzkdY&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjci;fukd oifcH&aomtcg
]]'DudpörSm trSefw&m;ubmvJ}} [k ukd,fwkdifukd ar;yg/ or®mw&m;ukd
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; jyoay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufí? 4if;ukd
cg;ywfuJhokdYcg;wGifywfvQuf ocifa,½I\emrawmfü &efol\vdrfvnf
vSnfhjzm;rIrsm;ukd ckcHqD;wm;&ef &nfrSef;xm;yg/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
þqifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;ü aqG;aEG;cJhMuaomor®mw&m;\ ykHyef;
oGifjyifESpfckrSm tb,fenf;/
pmwefonf rkom;\tbjzpfonf[k or®musrf;pmu uREkfyfwkdY
ukdoGefoifay;xm;ygonf/ pmwefonf þrkom;rsm;ukd uREkfyf
wkdY\acwfumvü rnfodkYtokH;jyKaecJhygoenf;/
pmwef\vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;rIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYwefjyef
qefYusifwGef;vSefMu&rnfenf;/
opömwnf;[laomcg;yef;
324 325
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
oif,kHMunfaecJhaom rkom;wpfckck&Sdygovm;/
tusifhpm&dwåü ½kd;om;rSefuefrIonf or®mw&m;\ta&;BuD;
aomykHyef;oGifjyifwpfck tb,fhaMumihfjzpfae&oenf;/ þt
&monf uREkfyfwkdYukd &efolESihfqkdifNydKifwkdufvSef&mü rnfodkYtul
tnDay;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
pmwef\vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;rIrsm;ukd oifhxHüxif&Sm;jrifom
vmap&ef zefwD;ay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/ oif
vSnfhpm;cHae&onfh enf;vrf;tm;vkH;ukd xkwfazmfjyoay;zkdY
awmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtoufwmwGifppfrSefí½kd;om;rSefuefaom tusihfpm&dwå&Sd
aMumif;ukdaocsmapzkdY oihfukdppfaq;&ef ocifbk&m;ukd awmif;
avQmufyg/
oifwkdY\todkif;t0dkif;ü rdrd\or®mw&m;ukd azmfxkwfjyoay;zkdY
bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/ oifwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;ukd
&efol\vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;rS vGwfajrmufap&ef ocifbk&m;
ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
2828
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ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqmajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqm
ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqmajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqm
ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqm
{zuf 6;14 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvk\ tqkdt&? ,kHMunfolrsm; ,lwif0wfaqmifMu&rnfh
ppf0wfpkHrS 'kwd,ajrmufwefqmrSm ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom
&iftkyfwefqmjzpfonf/ þ&iftkyfwefqmonf ppfol&Jukd4if;\
vnfyif;rSpí aygiftxdtumtuG,fay;xm;onf/ þwefqmonf
ppfol&J\tvGefta&;ygaom ukd,ft*Fgtpdwftykdif;rsm;ukd umuG,f
ay;xm;onf/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; ,kHMunfol\
&iftkyfwefqmonf ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rD}} jzpfonf[k ajymcJhonf/
ajzmihfrwfjcif;yg&rDqkdonfrSm tb,fenf;/ xkdajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDukd
uREkfyfwkdY\ a&SUarSmuf&Sd 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJü rnfodkYtokH;jyK&rnfenf;/
þae&mü tokH;jyKxm;aom *&dpum;vkH;rSm "dikaiosune" jzpf
onf/ þpum;vkH;ukd ]]tjypfrJhaom}}? ]]tjypfajymp&mr&Sdaom}}? ]]tjypf
uif;pifaom}} ponfjzihf bmomjyefqkdEkdifonf/ þpum;vkH;onf bk&m;
ocifESihfoihfwifhrSefuefaom qufqH&if;ESD;rIukd &Sdxm;aomolrsm;
twGuf tokH;jyKonf/ bk&m;ocifESihf oifhwifhjcif;\ qkdvkd&if;ESihf
ywfoufí t,ltqrsm;pGm&Sdonf/
326
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
oif,kHMunfaecJhaom rkom;wpfckck&Sdygovm;/
tusifhpm&dwåü ½kd;om;rSefuefrIonf or®mw&m;\ta&;BuD;
aomykHyef;oGifjyifwpfck tb,fhaMumihfjzpfae&oenf;/ þt
&monf uREkfyfwkdYukd &efolESihfqkdifNydKifwkdufvSef&mü rnfodkYtul
tnDay;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
pmwef\vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;rIrsm;ukd oifhxHüxif&Sm;jrifom
vmap&ef zefwD;ay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/ oif
vSnfhpm;cHae&onfh enf;vrf;tm;vkH;ukd xkwfazmfjyoay;zkdY
awmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtoufwmwGifppfrSefí½kd;om;rSefuefaom tusihfpm&dwå&Sd
aMumif;ukdaocsmapzkdY oihfukdppfaq;&ef ocifbk&m;ukd awmif;
avQmufyg/
oifwkdY\todkif;t0dkif;ü rdrd\or®mw&m;ukd azmfxkwfjyoay;zkdY
bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/ oifwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;ukd
&efol\vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;rS vGwfajrmufap&ef ocifbk&m;
ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
2828
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ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqmajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqm
ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqmajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqm
ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqm
{zuf 6;14 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvk\ tqkdt&? ,kHMunfolrsm; ,lwif0wfaqmifMu&rnfh
ppf0wfpkHrS 'kwd,ajrmufwefqmrSm ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom
&iftkyfwefqmjzpfonf/ þ&iftkyfwefqmonf ppfol&Jukd4if;\
vnfyif;rSpí aygiftxdtumtuG,fay;xm;onf/ þwefqmonf
ppfol&J\tvGefta&;ygaom ukd,ft*Fgtpdwftykdif;rsm;ukd umuG,f
ay;xm;onf/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; ,kHMunfol\
&iftkyfwefqmonf ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rD}} jzpfonf[k ajymcJhonf/
ajzmihfrwfjcif;yg&rDqkdonfrSm tb,fenf;/ xkdajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDukd
uREkfyfwkdY\ a&SUarSmuf&Sd 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJü rnfodkYtokH;jyK&rnfenf;/
þae&mü tokH;jyKxm;aom *&dpum;vkH;rSm "dikaiosune" jzpf
onf/ þpum;vkH;ukd ]]tjypfrJhaom}}? ]]tjypfajymp&mr&Sdaom}}? ]]tjypf
uif;pifaom}} ponfjzihf bmomjyefqkdEkdifonf/ þpum;vkH;onf bk&m;
ocifESihfoihfwifhrSefuefaom qufqH&if;ESD;rIukd &Sdxm;aomolrsm;
twGuf tokH;jyKonf/ bk&m;ocifESihf oifhwifhjcif;\ qkdvkd&if;ESihf
ywfoufí t,ltqrsm;pGm&Sdonf/
326
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
"r®opfusrf;wGif zm&d&SJ[kac:aom vltkyfpkwpfpkukd uREkfyfwkdY
jrifawGU&onf/ olwkdYonf bmoma&;tvGefukdif;½Idif;Muonf/ olwkdYonf
arma&S\ynwfw&m;ukd twif;MuyfqkH; apmifhxdef;&jcif;wGif ukd,fhukd,f
ukd *kPf,l0ifh<um;aecJhMuonf/ ,k'tokdif;t0kdif;rsm;\tjrifwGif zm&d&SJ
rsm;onf ajzmifhrwfrIt&SdqkH; yk*¾dKvfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ okdYaomf róJ 5;20
wGif ocifa,½Iu zm&d&SJwkdYESihfywfoufí þokdYajymqkdxm;onf/
x
kdolonf aumif;uifEkdifiHawmfü BuD;aomoljzpf vdrfhrnf/
oifwkdYusihfaomtusihfonf zm&d&SJwkdYESihf usrf;jyKq&mwkdYusihf
aom tusihfxuf rvGefromvQif? oifwkdYonf aumif;uifEkdifiH
awmfokdY r0if&Mu[k igtrSefqkd\/
þusrf;ykd'fonf tvGefta&;ygaom usrf;ykd'fjzpfonf/ ocif
a,½Iu uREkfyfwkdY\ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf þzm&d&SJrsm;\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;
ukd omvGef&efvkdtyfonf[k uREkfyfwkdYukdajymjyaeygonf/ zm&d&SJrsm;\
]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} onf ynwfw&m;tm; tjyifyef;tm;jzihfemcHjcif;wGif
t"duusaeonf/ ocifa,½Iu uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ynwf
w&m;tm; tjyifyef;emcHjcif;ukd ausmfvGefaomajzmifhrwfjcif;ukd vkdtyf
Muonf[k uREfkyfwkdYukdajymjyaeygonf/ ynwftaMumif;twkdif;vkduf
vGef;jcif;0g' (Legalism) onfajzmifhrwfjcif;ESihfrwlyg/ oifonf
bk&m;ocif\ ynwfw&m;awmfukd *½kwpkdufapmifhxdef;olwpfa,muf
jzpfEkdifygonf/ oifonf toufwmü bk&m;rJh? w&m;rJhaomt&mrsm;ESihf
ukd,fhukd,fukd uif;uif;uGmuGmaeaeEkdifygonf/ oifonfoihfwifhrSefuef
aomt&mtm;vkH;ukd vkyfaqmifaeEkdifygaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifESihf
oifhwifhrSefuefaom qufqH&if;ESD;rI&SdcsifrS &Sdaeygrnf/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;
onftjyifyef;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;xuf ykdíeufeJygonf/ zm&d&SJrsm;ukd
teD;uyfavhvmppfaq;rnfqkdvQif 4if;wkdYonf tvGefaxmifvTm;aom
olrsm;jzpfaMumif;ukd awGU&ygvdrfhrnf/ zm&d&SJrsm;onf rdrdwkdY\tjyifyef;
tm;jzifhomjzpfaomoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;ESihf bmomw&m;ukdif;½Idif;aom
toufwmrsm;twGuf vlwdkY\csD;rGrf;axmremjyKjcif;ukd ESpfoufjrwfEkd;
Muonf/ olwkdYonf oifhwifhrSefuefrI&Sdaom ynwfcsufrsm;tm;vkH;ukd
vkdufemapmifh xdef;Muaomfvnf; pdwfESvkH;rsm;rSmrl bk&m;ocifESihf tvGef
uGmvSrf; vQuf&SdaecJhMuonf (róJ 15;7-9)/
&SarGvonf £oa&vvlrsKd;rsm;twGuf &Sifbk&ifwpfyg;ukd
bdodufay;&ef xGufoGm;cJhaomtcsdefwGif bk&m;ocifonf olYukda,&SJ\
tdrfokdY vrf;jyac:aqmifoGm;cJhonf/ &SarGvonf rdrd\a&SUokdYa&muf
vmMuaom a,&SJ\om;wpfOD;csif;\ ½kyfykdif;qkdif&mcGeftm;pGrf;yum;
ESihfykHyef;o@mefukdom Munfh½IokH;oyfjcif; axmifacsmufxJwGif uscJh
onf/ bk&m;ocifu rdrdonfvlwkdY ½IjrifouJhokdYr½IjrifaMumif; olYukd
today;cJhonf/ 1&m 16;7 wGif uREkfyfwkdYþokdY zwf½I&onf/
xm0&bk&m;u? ol\rsufESmol\t&yfukd rMunfhr½IESihf/ olYukd
ig0,fNyD/ xm0&bk&m;onf vljrifouJhokdY jrifawmfrlonf
r[kkwf/ olonftqif;o@mefukdMunfh½Iwwf\/ xm0&bk&m;
rlum; ESvkH;ukdMunfh½Iwwfonf[k &SarGvtm;rdefYawmfrl\/
or®musrf;pmxJü uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf jy|mef;xm;aom pHcsdefpHñTef;
rsm;ESihftnDaexkdifusihfBuH&ef ta&;BuD;aMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH; od&Sd
ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqm
328 329
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
"r®opfusrf;wGif zm&d&SJ[kac:aom vltkyfpkwpfpkukd uREkfyfwkdY
jrifawGU&onf/ olwkdYonf bmoma&;tvGefukdif;½Idif;Muonf/ olwkdYonf
arma&S\ynwfw&m;ukd twif;MuyfqkH; apmifhxdef;&jcif;wGif ukd,fhukd,f
ukd *kPf,l0ifh<um;aecJhMuonf/ ,k'tokdif;t0kdif;rsm;\tjrifwGif zm&d&SJ
rsm;onf ajzmifhrwfrIt&SdqkH; yk*¾dKvfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ okdYaomf róJ 5;20
wGif ocifa,½Iu zm&d&SJwkdYESihfywfoufí þokdYajymqkdxm;onf/
x
kdolonf aumif;uifEkdifiHawmfü BuD;aomoljzpf vdrfhrnf/
oifwkdYusihfaomtusihfonf zm&d&SJwkdYESihf usrf;jyKq&mwkdYusihf
aom tusihfxuf rvGefromvQif? oifwkdYonf aumif;uifEkdifiH
awmfokdY r0if&Mu[k igtrSefqkd\/
þusrf;ykd'fonf tvGefta&;ygaom usrf;ykd'fjzpfonf/ ocif
a,½Iu uREkfyfwkdY\ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf þzm&d&SJrsm;\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;
ukd omvGef&efvkdtyfonf[k uREkfyfwkdYukdajymjyaeygonf/ zm&d&SJrsm;\
]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} onf ynwfw&m;tm; tjyifyef;tm;jzihfemcHjcif;wGif
t"duusaeonf/ ocifa,½Iu uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ynwf
w&m;tm; tjyifyef;emcHjcif;ukd ausmfvGefaomajzmifhrwfjcif;ukd vkdtyf
Muonf[k uREfkyfwkdYukdajymjyaeygonf/ ynwftaMumif;twkdif;vkduf
vGef;jcif;0g' (Legalism) onfajzmifhrwfjcif;ESihfrwlyg/ oifonf
bk&m;ocif\ ynwfw&m;awmfukd *½kwpkdufapmifhxdef;olwpfa,muf
jzpfEkdifygonf/ oifonf toufwmü bk&m;rJh? w&m;rJhaomt&mrsm;ESihf
ukd,fhukd,fukd uif;uif;uGmuGmaeaeEkdifygonf/ oifonfoihfwifhrSefuef
aomt&mtm;vkH;ukd vkyfaqmifaeEkdifygaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifESihf
oifhwifhrSefuefaom qufqH&if;ESD;rI&SdcsifrS &Sdaeygrnf/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;
onftjyifyef;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;xuf ykdíeufeJygonf/ zm&d&SJrsm;ukd
teD;uyfavhvmppfaq;rnfqkdvQif 4if;wkdYonf tvGefaxmifvTm;aom
olrsm;jzpfaMumif;ukd awGU&ygvdrfhrnf/ zm&d&SJrsm;onf rdrdwkdY\tjyifyef;
tm;jzifhomjzpfaomoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;ESihf bmomw&m;ukdif;½Idif;aom
toufwmrsm;twGuf vlwdkY\csD;rGrf;axmremjyKjcif;ukd ESpfoufjrwfEkd;
Muonf/ olwkdYonf oifhwifhrSefuefrI&Sdaom ynwfcsufrsm;tm;vkH;ukd
vkdufemapmifh xdef;Muaomfvnf; pdwfESvkH;rsm;rSmrl bk&m;ocifESihf tvGef
uGmvSrf; vQuf&SdaecJhMuonf (róJ 15;7-9)/
&SarGvonf £oa&vvlrsKd;rsm;twGuf &Sifbk&ifwpfyg;ukd
bdodufay;&ef xGufoGm;cJhaomtcsdefwGif bk&m;ocifonf olYukda,&SJ\
tdrfokdY vrf;jyac:aqmifoGm;cJhonf/ &SarGvonf rdrd\a&SUokdYa&muf
vmMuaom a,&SJ\om;wpfOD;csif;\ ½kyfykdif;qkdif&mcGeftm;pGrf;yum;
ESihfykHyef;o@mefukdom Munfh½IokH;oyfjcif; axmifacsmufxJwGif uscJh
onf/ bk&m;ocifu rdrdonfvlwkdY ½IjrifouJhokdYr½IjrifaMumif; olYukd
today;cJhonf/ 1&m 16;7 wGif uREkfyfwkdYþokdY zwf½I&onf/
xm0&bk&m;u? ol\rsufESmol\t&yfukd rMunfhr½IESihf/ olYukd
ig0,fNyD/ xm0&bk&m;onf vljrifouJhokdY jrifawmfrlonf
r[kkwf/ olonftqif;o@mefukdMunfh½Iwwf\/ xm0&bk&m;
rlum; ESvkH;ukdMunfh½Iwwfonf[k &SarGvtm;rdefYawmfrl\/
or®musrf;pmxJü uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf jy|mef;xm;aom pHcsdefpHñTef;
rsm;ESihftnDaexkdifusihfBuH&ef ta&;BuD;aMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH; od&Sd
ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqm
328 329
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
xm;Muygonf/ okdYaomf? oifhwifhrSefuefaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd uREkfyfwkdY
jyKvkyfMuaomaMumihf bk&m;ocifESihfoifhwifhrSefuefaom qufqH&if;ESD;
rIukd uREkfyfwkdY&Sdxm;Muonf[k rqkdvkdEkdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ajzmifhrwf
jcif;r&SdyJ uREkfyfwkdY\om;orD;rsm;ukd ab;üNidrfoufpGmxkdifapvQuf
bk&m;ausmif;xJwGif tywfpOfoGm;xkdifaeEkdifMuyg onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
q,fzkdYwpfzkdYESifh tvSLaiGrsm;ukd ykHrSefay;urf;xnfhvSLMuaomfvnf;
ocifbk&m;ukd vkH;vkH;oduRrf;jcif;r&Sdaom oluJhokdYbk&m;ocifESihf tvGef
tvSrf;a0;aeEkdifygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\
ynwfw&m;&Sd tu©&mpmvkH;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfrQ emcHonf[laom
tcsufwGiftajcrcHyg/ ynwftaMumif;twkdif;vkdufvGef;jcif;wnf;
[laom&iftkyfwefqmESihf ajzmihfrwfjcif;wnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqm
ukdtxifrSm;aeaomolrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUarSmufwGif&Sdaom
wkdufyGJwGif þtrSm;rsKd;ukd uREkfyfwkdYjyKvkyfrdí rjzpfyg/ bk&m;ocifonf
pnf;rsOf;Oya'orsm;ukd ESvkH;om;rygyJ emcHjcif;xufykdí eufeJaom
ajzmifhrwfjcif;ukd &SmBuH aeygonf/ ukd,fawmfonf tjyifyef;toGif
tjyifxufykdíeufeJaomt&mukd &SmazGaeygonf/ bk&m;ocifu rdrd\
ya&mzuftm;jzihf a[&Sm, 29;13 wGifajymjyxm;aomt&mukdem;
axmifMunfhyg/
xm0&bk&m;uvnf;? þvlrsKd;onf EIwfESihfighxHokdY csOf;uyfí?
EIwfcrf;ESihf ighukd½kdaoMu\/ pdwfESvkH;rlum; igESihfa0;vS\/
vlwkdYpD&ifaom ynwfwkdYukdtrSDjyKí ighukdaMumuf&GHUMu\/
ynwftaMumif;twkdif;vkdufvGef;jcif;wnf;[laom &iftkyf
wefqmonf tusihfaumif;ukdusihfjcif;wnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqmESihf
tvGefeD;uyfpGm qufpyfaeonf/ ajzmihfrwfjcif;&SdzkdYqkdvQif uREkfyfwkdY
onf bk&m;ocifESihfuREkfyfwkdY\tdrfeD;csif;ukd cspf&efvkdtyfouJhokdY
uREkfyfwkdY\tem;ü &SdaeMuaomolrsm;xHü aumif;rIukokdvfrsm;ukd jyKvkyf
&efvkdtyfonf[k ,kHMunfaomolrsm;&Sdonf/ þt&mtm;vkH;onf ESpf
vkdzG,faumif;aomt&mrsm;jzpfMuaomfvnf;? 4if;wkdYukdajzmifhrwfjcif;
wnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqmESihf wef;wlrowfrSwfoihfyg/ vdr®m,Of
aus;í tusihfpm&dwåaumif;aomtoufwmjzihf &SifoefMuaomr,kH
Munfolrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH; jrifawGUzl;Muygonf/ ocifc&pfawmf
vkyfaqmifcJhaom trIawmfukd vkH;vkH;vufrcHaomfvnf; aumif;rGef
oifhwifhaomtoufwmukd &SifoefcJhMuaomaMumihf olwkdYukdajzmifhrwf
aomolrsm;[k ajymEkdifygovm;/
oifhwifhaumif;rGefaom "r®tawG;tac:t,ltqwnf;[l
aom &iftkyfwefqmvnf;&Sdonf/ vltcsKdUu 4if;wkdYonfor®musrf;pm
ukd,kHMunfí oifhwifhaumif;rGefaom"r®t,l0g'ukd&Sdxm;MuaomaMumifh
ajzmifhrwfMuonf[k cHpm;Muonf/ pmwefonf or®mw&m;ukd odyg
onf/ ocifa,½Ionf bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfaMumif;ukdvnf;
,kHMunfonf/ okdYaomf? pmwefonf {uefrkcsrajzmifhrwfyg/
þae&mü uREkfyfajymqkdzkdY BudK;pm;aeaomt&mrSm oifonf
oifhwifhavsmufywfaom &SifoefaexkdifykHukd &Sdxm;í rSefaomt&m
tm;vkH;ukdvkyfaqmifum ocifa,½IESihfpyfvsOf;í rSefaomt&mrsm;
tm;vkH;ukd,kHMunfxm;aomfvnf; ajzmihfrwfjcif;wnf;[laom &iftkyf
wefqmukd 0wfqifxm;jcif;r&Sdaom tajctaewGif &SdaeEkdifonf[l
ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqm
330 331
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
xm;Muygonf/ okdYaomf? oifhwifhrSefuefaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd uREkfyfwkdY
jyKvkyfMuaomaMumihf bk&m;ocifESihfoifhwifhrSefuefaom qufqH&if;ESD;
rIukd uREkfyfwkdY&Sdxm;Muonf[k rqkdvkdEkdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ajzmifhrwf
jcif;r&SdyJ uREkfyfwkdY\om;orD;rsm;ukd ab;üNidrfoufpGmxkdifapvQuf
bk&m;ausmif;xJwGif tywfpOfoGm;xkdifaeEkdifMuyg onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
q,fzkdYwpfzkdYESifh tvSLaiGrsm;ukd ykHrSefay;urf;xnfhvSLMuaomfvnf;
ocifbk&m;ukd vkH;vkH;oduRrf;jcif;r&Sdaom oluJhokdYbk&m;ocifESihf tvGef
tvSrf;a0;aeEkdifygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\
ynwfw&m;&Sd tu©&mpmvkH;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfrQ emcHonf[laom
tcsufwGiftajcrcHyg/ ynwftaMumif;twkdif;vkdufvGef;jcif;wnf;
[laom&iftkyfwefqmESihf ajzmihfrwfjcif;wnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqm
ukdtxifrSm;aeaomolrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUarSmufwGif&Sdaom
wkdufyGJwGif þtrSm;rsKd;ukd uREkfyfwkdYjyKvkyfrdí rjzpfyg/ bk&m;ocifonf
pnf;rsOf;Oya'orsm;ukd ESvkH;om;rygyJ emcHjcif;xufykdí eufeJaom
ajzmifhrwfjcif;ukd &SmBuH aeygonf/ ukd,fawmfonf tjyifyef;toGif
tjyifxufykdíeufeJaomt&mukd &SmazGaeygonf/ bk&m;ocifu rdrd\
ya&mzuftm;jzihf a[&Sm, 29;13 wGifajymjyxm;aomt&mukdem;
axmifMunfhyg/
xm0&bk&m;uvnf;? þvlrsKd;onf EIwfESihfighxHokdY csOf;uyfí?
EIwfcrf;ESihf ighukd½kdaoMu\/ pdwfESvkH;rlum; igESihfa0;vS\/
vlwkdYpD&ifaom ynwfwkdYukdtrSDjyKí ighukdaMumuf&GHUMu\/
ynwftaMumif;twkdif;vkdufvGef;jcif;wnf;[laom &iftkyf
wefqmonf tusihfaumif;ukdusihfjcif;wnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqmESihf
tvGefeD;uyfpGm qufpyfaeonf/ ajzmihfrwfjcif;&SdzkdYqkdvQif uREkfyfwkdY
onf bk&m;ocifESihfuREkfyfwkdY\tdrfeD;csif;ukd cspf&efvkdtyfouJhokdY
uREkfyfwkdY\tem;ü &SdaeMuaomolrsm;xHü aumif;rIukokdvfrsm;ukd jyKvkyf
&efvkdtyfonf[k ,kHMunfaomolrsm;&Sdonf/ þt&mtm;vkH;onf ESpf
vkdzG,faumif;aomt&mrsm;jzpfMuaomfvnf;? 4if;wkdYukdajzmifhrwfjcif;
wnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqmESihf wef;wlrowfrSwfoihfyg/ vdr®m,Of
aus;í tusihfpm&dwåaumif;aomtoufwmjzihf &SifoefMuaomr,kH
Munfolrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH; jrifawGUzl;Muygonf/ ocifc&pfawmf
vkyfaqmifcJhaom trIawmfukd vkH;vkH;vufrcHaomfvnf; aumif;rGef
oifhwifhaomtoufwmukd &SifoefcJhMuaomaMumihf olwkdYukdajzmifhrwf
aomolrsm;[k ajymEkdifygovm;/
oifhwifhaumif;rGefaom "r®tawG;tac:t,ltqwnf;[l
aom &iftkyfwefqmvnf;&Sdonf/ vltcsKdUu 4if;wkdYonfor®musrf;pm
ukd,kHMunfí oifhwifhaumif;rGefaom"r®t,l0g'ukd&Sdxm;MuaomaMumifh
ajzmifhrwfMuonf[k cHpm;Muonf/ pmwefonf or®mw&m;ukd odyg
onf/ ocifa,½Ionf bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfaMumif;ukdvnf;
,kHMunfonf/ okdYaomf? pmwefonf {uefrkcsrajzmifhrwfyg/
þae&mü uREkfyfajymqkdzkdY BudK;pm;aeaomt&mrSm oifonf
oifhwifhavsmufywfaom &SifoefaexkdifykHukd &Sdxm;í rSefaomt&m
tm;vkH;ukdvkyfaqmifum ocifa,½IESihfpyfvsOf;í rSefaomt&mrsm;
tm;vkH;ukd,kHMunfxm;aomfvnf; ajzmihfrwfjcif;wnf;[laom &iftkyf
wefqmukd 0wfqifxm;jcif;r&Sdaom tajctaewGif &SdaeEkdifonf[l
ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqm
330 331
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
aomtcsufjzpfonf/ ajzmihfrwfjcif;qkdonfrSm þt&mrsm;r[kwfMu
vQifrnfonfht&mjzpfoenf;/
þae&mü&Sifaygvk a&;om;ajymqkdcJhaomajzmifhrwfjcif;onf
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukday;oem;xm;aom bk&m;ocifa&SUawmf
ü oifhwifhrSefuefaom &yfwnfcsufjzpfonf/ a&mr 3;21-22 wGif
&Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYukdþokdY ajymqkdxm;onf/
,ckrlum;? ynwådusrf;ESihf tem*wådusrf;wkdYonf oufaocH
onfESihftnD? ynwfw&m;ESihfrpyfqkdifaom bk&m;ocif\
ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;wnf;[laom? a,½Ic&pfukd ,kHMunfjcif;
tm;jzihf? ,kHMunfaomoltaygif;wkdYtbkdYjzpfí? xkdoltaygif;
wkdYtay:okdYa&mufaom bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif; w&m;
onf xif&Sm;cJhNyD/
ocifa,½IxHü rdrd\tapcHtrIawmfxrf;&Gufjcif;twGuf
*kPf,l0ifh<um;Ekdifaomolwpfa,mufa,mufom &SdcJhrnfqkdvQif xkdolrSm
&Sifaygvkjzpfygvdrfhrnf/ olonf tjcm;aomwrefawmfrsm;tm;vkH;xuf
rdrd\ocifbk&m;twGuf ½kdufESufjcif;ukd cHcJh&ygonf/ olonf bk&m;
ocif\ynwfw&m;ukd wdwdusususihfBuHapmifhxdef;cJhaom zm&d&SJwpfOD;
jzpfcJhonf/ olonf oifhwifhrSefuefaom avhusihfoifMum;rItm;vkH;
ukdvnf; ykdifqkdifcJhonf/ ocifbk&m;twGufxm;&Sdaom pdwftm;xufoef
rIwGif olYukd,SOfEkdifaomol xkdacwfwGifr&SdcJhyg/ xif&Sm;aom þomoem
jyKBuD;u rdrd\atmifjrifrIrsm;? oifhawmfaom t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;í zdvdyÜd 3;8-9ü ajymqkdxm;csufukd em;axmifMunfhyg/
xkdrQru ig\ocifa,½Ic&pfukd odaomynmonf tb,frQ
avmufjrwfonfukdaxmufí? c&pfawmfudktjrwf&NyD;? xdkocif
üwnfygrnftaMumif;? cyfodrf;aomt&mwdkYudk udk,fawmft
zdkYigt&IH;cHí tdkt&mwdkYudk rpifuJhodkY igqifjcifcH,l\/ ynwfw
&m;tm;jzif&aom udk,fajzmifhrwfjcif;udkrudk;pm;bJ c&pfawmf
udk,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh&aom ajzmifhrwfjcif;wnf;[laom ,Hk
Munfjcif;twGufaMumifh bk&m;ocifay;aom ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk
igudk;pm;\/
&Sifaygvkonf rdrdtm;jzihf jzpfwnfvmaom ajzmifhrwfjcif;
ukd &&Sdykdifqkdif&jcif;wGif pdwf0ifpm;rI r&SdcJhaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ olonf
ocifa,½Itm; ,kHMunfvufcHjcif;jzihf jzpfwnfvmaom ajzmifhrwf
jcif;ukd &SmBuHaecJhygonf/ þonfrSm þusrf;ykd'fü &Sifaygvkajymjy
aeaomajzmifhrwfjcif;jzpfonf/ þajzmifhrwfjcif;onf ,kHMunfjcif;
tm;jzihf&&Sdaom vufaqmifwpfcktjzpf ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; ay;oem;
xm;aom bk&m;ocifESifh oifhwifhrSefuefaom&yfwnfcsufjzpfonf/
xkdajzmifhrwfjcif;onf rxkdufrwefyJ&&Sdaomt&m jzpfonf/ BudK;pm;
vkyf,lívnf;r&Ekdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYxHrS rnfolurQ xkdajzmihfrwfjcif;ESihf
rxkdufwefyg/ okdYaomf? bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukd vGwfNidrf;csrf;om
cGihfay;í uREkfyfwkdY\tjypfrsm;ukd cGihfvTwfum? uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf'kp&dkuf
rSwfwrf;ukd y,fzsufíarhavsmhxm;&ef vkdvkdvm;vm;&Sdaeygonf/
bk&m;ocifonf þt&mukd rdrd\om;awmfocifa,½I\taocHjcif;ESihf
&Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;tm;jzihf vkyfaqmifcJhygonf/ ocifa,½Ionf
ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqm
332 333
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
aomtcsufjzpfonf/ ajzmihfrwfjcif;qkdonfrSm þt&mrsm;r[kwfMu
vQifrnfonfht&mjzpfoenf;/
þae&mü&Sifaygvk a&;om;ajymqkdcJhaomajzmifhrwfjcif;onf
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukday;oem;xm;aom bk&m;ocifa&SUawmf
ü oifhwifhrSefuefaom &yfwnfcsufjzpfonf/ a&mr 3;21-22 wGif
&Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYukdþokdY ajymqkdxm;onf/
,ckrlum;? ynwådusrf;ESihf tem*wådusrf;wkdYonf oufaocH
onfESihftnD? ynwfw&m;ESihfrpyfqkdifaom bk&m;ocif\
ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;wnf;[laom? a,½Ic&pfukd ,kHMunfjcif;
tm;jzihf? ,kHMunfaomoltaygif;wkdYtbkdYjzpfí? xkdoltaygif;
wkdYtay:okdYa&mufaom bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif; w&m;
onf xif&Sm;cJhNyD/
ocifa,½IxHü rdrd\tapcHtrIawmfxrf;&Gufjcif;twGuf
*kPf,l0ifh<um;Ekdifaomolwpfa,mufa,mufom &SdcJhrnfqkdvQif xkdolrSm
&Sifaygvkjzpfygvdrfhrnf/ olonf tjcm;aomwrefawmfrsm;tm;vkH;xuf
rdrd\ocifbk&m;twGuf ½kdufESufjcif;ukd cHcJh&ygonf/ olonf bk&m;
ocif\ynwfw&m;ukd wdwdusususihfBuHapmifhxdef;cJhaom zm&d&SJwpfOD;
jzpfcJhonf/ olonf oifhwifhrSefuefaom avhusihfoifMum;rItm;vkH;
ukdvnf; ykdifqkdifcJhonf/ ocifbk&m;twGufxm;&Sdaom pdwftm;xufoef
rIwGif olYukd,SOfEkdifaomol xkdacwfwGifr&SdcJhyg/ xif&Sm;aom þomoem
jyKBuD;u rdrd\atmifjrifrIrsm;? oifhawmfaom t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;í zdvdyÜd 3;8-9ü ajymqkdxm;csufukd em;axmifMunfhyg/
xkdrQru ig\ocifa,½Ic&pfukd odaomynmonf tb,frQ
avmufjrwfonfukdaxmufí? c&pfawmfudktjrwf&NyD;? xdkocif
üwnfygrnftaMumif;? cyfodrf;aomt&mwdkYudk udk,fawmft
zdkYigt&IH;cHí tdkt&mwdkYudk rpifuJhodkY igqifjcifcH,l\/ ynwfw
&m;tm;jzif&aom udk,fajzmifhrwfjcif;udkrudk;pm;bJ c&pfawmf
udk,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh&aom ajzmifhrwfjcif;wnf;[laom ,Hk
Munfjcif;twGufaMumifh bk&m;ocifay;aom ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk
igudk;pm;\/
&Sifaygvkonf rdrdtm;jzihf jzpfwnfvmaom ajzmifhrwfjcif;
ukd &&Sdykdifqkdif&jcif;wGif pdwf0ifpm;rI r&SdcJhaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ olonf
ocifa,½Itm; ,kHMunfvufcHjcif;jzihf jzpfwnfvmaom ajzmifhrwf
jcif;ukd &SmBuHaecJhygonf/ þonfrSm þusrf;ykd'fü &Sifaygvkajymjy
aeaomajzmifhrwfjcif;jzpfonf/ þajzmifhrwfjcif;onf ,kHMunfjcif;
tm;jzihf&&Sdaom vufaqmifwpfcktjzpf ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; ay;oem;
xm;aom bk&m;ocifESifh oifhwifhrSefuefaom&yfwnfcsufjzpfonf/
xkdajzmifhrwfjcif;onf rxkdufrwefyJ&&Sdaomt&m jzpfonf/ BudK;pm;
vkyf,lívnf;r&Ekdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYxHrS rnfolurQ xkdajzmihfrwfjcif;ESihf
rxkdufwefyg/ okdYaomf? bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukd vGwfNidrf;csrf;om
cGihfay;í uREkfyfwkdY\tjypfrsm;ukd cGihfvTwfum? uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf'kp&dkuf
rSwfwrf;ukd y,fzsufíarhavsmhxm;&ef vkdvkdvm;vm;&Sdaeygonf/
bk&m;ocifonf þt&mukd rdrd\om;awmfocifa,½I\taocHjcif;ESihf
&Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;tm;jzihf vkyfaqmifcJhygonf/ ocifa,½Ionf
ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDwnf;[laom &iftkyfwefqm
332 333
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<uqif;cJhygonf/ þajzmifhrwfjcif;ukd &&SdzkdYvkyfaqmif&rnfhtvkyfr&Sdyg/
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aom trIawmfukd ,kHMunfaomolrsm;tay:ü ay;xm;ygonf/ &Sifaygvk
u a&mr 4;4-5 wGifa&mrNrdKUrS ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; þokdYajymcJhonf/
tusihf&Sdaomolrnfonfum;? aus;Zl;tm;jzihf tusKd;ukd
cH&onfr[kwf/ cHxkdufaomtm;jzihfcH&\/ tusihfr&Sdaomol
rnfonfum;? rw&m;aomol\ tjypfukd ajzaomolukd
,kHMunfvQif? ol\ ,kHMunfjcif;ukd ajzmifhrwfjcif;uJhokdY rSwfvsuf
&Sd\/
uREkfyf\vkyfaqmifrIaMumihf uREkfyfajzmifhrwf&jcif;r[kwfyg/
uREkfyftwGuf ocifa,½IvkyfaqmifoGm;cJhaomt&maMumifhom uREkfyf
ajzmifhrwfjcif;jzpfonf/ þ&iftkyfwefqmonf ocifa,½ItwGuf
uREkfyfvkyfaqmifcJhaom aumif;rIrsm;ESihf vkH;vkH;oufqkdifrIr&Sdyg/ pmwef
onf xkdaumif;rIrsm;ukd *½krpkdufyg/ oihf&JUaumif;rIukodkvfrsm;ESihf
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uREkfyfwkdYtxJü&Sdaeaom ocifc&pfawmf\ajzmifhrwfjcif;aMumifh
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334 335
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336 337
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336 337
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ajcpD;wefqmrygyJ rnfonfhppf0wfpkHonf jynfhpkHcJhygrnfenf;/
rdrd\ppf0wfpkHwefqmtm;vkH;ukd 0wfqifNyD;wdkufyGJokdY ajcAvmjzihf
xGufoGm;aom ppfol&Jwpfa,muf oifpdwful;MunfhEkdifygovm;/ a&mr
ajcpGyfzdeyf (BudK;okdif;zdeyf) onfa&mrppfol&Jrsm;\ tokH;taqmif
ypönf;wefqmrsm;ü r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfaomt&mjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvk\
tqkdt&uREkfyfwkdY\ ajcpGyfzdeyfrsm;onf ]]{0Ha*vdw&m;ukd a[majym
tHhaomiSg jyifqifjcif;}} jzpfonf/ okdYr[kwf ]]Nidrfoufjcif;ESihf ,SOfaom
{0Ha*vdw&m;rS a&mufvmaomtqifoifhjzpfjcif;}} jzpfonf/ þae&m
wGif&Sifaygvku rnfonfht&mukdqkdvkdxm;ygoenf;/
tcsKdUu {0Ha*vdw&m;a'oemukd tjcm;olrsm;xHü a[majym
a0iSjcif;twGuf uREkfyfwkdYtqifoihfjzpfjcif;tay:ü tav;xm;cJhMu
ayvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf {0Ha*vdw&m;a'oemukd tjcm;olrsm;xHü
a[majyma0iS&ef tNrJqifoihfjzpfaeMuaomolrsm; jzpfae&efvkdtyfrI
rSmar;cGef;xkwfp&mr&Sdyg/ &Sifaygvkukd,fwkdifu rdrd\toufwmü
þt&m\tvGeftpGrf;xufaom ykHOyrmwpfckjzpfcJhygonf/ olonf
ocifc&pfawmf\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;ukd,kHMunfukd;pm;jcif;u uREkfyf
wkdYukd &efolESihf4if;\wkdufckdufrIrsm;rS rnfokdYuG,fumapmifhr
ay;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
rdrdwkdY\u,fwifjcif;twGuf rdrdwkdY\ukd,fykdifajzmifhrwfjcif;ukd
,kHMunfukd;pm;aeaomolrsm;ukd oifodygovm;/ xkdolwkdY
twGuf qkawmif;ay;zkdY tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/
ocifbk&m;tm; rdrd\ajzmifhrwfjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü
ay;oem;awmfrlaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? þajzmifhrwfjcif;u
uREkfyfwkdYtm;ay;onfh pmwefukdatmifEkdifjcif;tmrcHtwGuf
vnf;aumif; aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
338
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
{0Ha*vdw&m;twGuf rdrd\toufukdpaw;zkdY vkdvkdvm;vm;&SdaecJh
ygonf/ &Sifayw½kuvnf; uREkfyfwkdYü&Sdaom arQmfvifhjcif;taMumif;
t&if;ukd tjcm;olrsm;xHü ajymqkda0iS&eftNrJ tqifoihfjzpfaeMuzkdY
pdefac:xm;onf/
pdwfESvkH;xJü xm0&t&Sifbk&m;ocifukd ½kdaojcif;&SdMuavmh/
oifwkdYajrmfvihfjcif;\ taMumif;ukdar;jref;aomol &SdorQwkdY
tm;? El;nHhaomoabm? aMumuf&GHUaomoabmESihf jyefajymjcif;
iSg? umvtpOfrjywf toifh&SdaeMuavmh (1ay 3;15)/
tjypfom;onf &efol\wefcdk;MoZmatmufrS vGwfajrmufí
bk&m;ocif\rdom;pkxJokdY aqmif,lcH&jcif;onf {0Ha*vdw&m;awmf
tm;jzihf jzpfonf/ okdYaomf? þt&monf &Sifaygvku ]]{0Ha*vd w&m;ukd
a[majymtHhaomiSgjyifqifjcif;}} ({0Ha*vdw&m;awmfrS a&mufvm
aomtqifoihfjzpfjcif;) [kqkdvkdcJhaomt&m [kwf? r[kwfrSm ar;cGef;
ar;p&m&Sdaeonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf arSmifrkduf\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;ukd
BuHYBuHUcHwGef;vSefEkdifvkdMuvQif uREkfyfwkdYonfvrf;ay:xGufí ocifa,½I
twGuf oufocHMuzkdYvkdtyfonf[k &Sifaygvkajymaeyg ovm;/ þt&m
onf uREkfyfwkdYukd&efolxHrSumuG,fay;rnfh t&m[kwfygovm;/
þusrf;ykd'fwGif þokdYqkdvkd&if;xuf ykdíeufeJaom xl;jcm;csufwpfck
&Sdaeonf[k uREkfyf,kHMunfrdygonf/
&efol\wkduf½kdufrIrsm;ü om;aumifjzpfoGm;jcif;rS uREkfyf
wkdYukdumuG,fapmifha&Smufay;onfht&mrSm uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fykdifajzmihfrwf
jcif;r[kwfaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;ukd
vkdtyfaeaomolrsm;xHü {0Ha*vdw&m;ukda0iSjcif;onf rGefjrwfaom
vkyf&yfjzpfaomfvnf;? 4if;onfuREkfyfwkdYukd &efol\wkdufckdufrIrsm;ü om;
aumifjzpfoGm;jcif;rS umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;vdrfhrnfr[kwfyg/ ocif
bk&m;twGuf opöm&Sdaomoufaorsm;yifvQif tjypf'kp½kdufü vJNydKcJh
Muygonf/
þypönf;wefqmukd oabmaygufem;vnf&eft"duaomhcsuf
rSm ]]tqifoihfjzpfjcif;}} (NIV) (jrefrmusrf;pmwGif ]]jyifqifjcif;}} [k
jyefqkdxm;onf) [laompum;vkH;ukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfoabmayguf
xm;ykHjzpfonf/ þusrf;ykd'fu {0Ha*vdw&m;udk,fwkdifu uREkfyfwkdY\
jyifqifrIjzpfonf[k ajymaeoaea,mifxifrSwf&onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\
teD;wpf0kdufrS 0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;ukd&ifqkdif&ef uREkfyfwkdY\
tqifoifhjzpfjcif;ukd {0Ha*vdw&m;ü awGU&ygonf/ þae&müt"du
pl;pkdufxm;aomt&mrSm {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd a[majyma0iSzkdY uREkfyfwkdY\
tqifoifhjzpfjcif;r[kwfyg/ {0Ha*vdw&m;ESihf qufpyfaeaom uREkfyf
wkdY\tawGUtBuHKjzpfonf/ {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd tjcm;olrsm;xHokdY
aqmif,loGm;zkdY uREkfyfwkdY\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;u uREkfyfwkdYukdrum
uG,fay;yg/ uREkfyfwkdY\tumtuG,fonf {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\
toufwmü vufawGU&,lusihfokH;jcif;rS a&mufvmygonf/
þusrf;csufü &Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom þ{0Ha*vdw&m;onf
rnfonfht&mjzpfoenf;/ a&mr 1;16 &Sd&Sifaygvk\ ajymqkdxm;csuf
t&? þ{0Ha*vdw&m;onf ]],HkMunforQaomoltaygif;wkdYukd u,fwif
apaom bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmf}} jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku {0Ha*vd
{0Ha*vdw&m;wnf;[laomajcpGyf
340 341
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
{0Ha*vdw&m;twGuf rdrd\toufukdpaw;zkdY vkdvkdvm;vm;&SdaecJh
ygonf/ &Sifayw½kuvnf; uREkfyfwkdYü&Sdaom arQmfvifhjcif;taMumif;
t&if;ukd tjcm;olrsm;xHü ajymqkda0iS&eftNrJ tqifoihfjzpfaeMuzkdY
pdefac:xm;onf/
pdwfESvkH;xJü xm0&t&Sifbk&m;ocifukd ½kdaojcif;&SdMuavmh/
oifwkdYajrmfvihfjcif;\ taMumif;ukdar;jref;aomol &SdorQwkdY
tm;? El;nHhaomoabm? aMumuf&GHUaomoabmESihf jyefajymjcif;
iSg? umvtpOfrjywf toifh&SdaeMuavmh (1ay 3;15)/
tjypfom;onf &efol\wefcdk;MoZmatmufrS vGwfajrmufí
bk&m;ocif\rdom;pkxJokdY aqmif,lcH&jcif;onf {0Ha*vdw&m;awmf
tm;jzihf jzpfonf/ okdYaomf? þt&monf &Sifaygvku ]]{0Ha*vd w&m;ukd
a[majymtHhaomiSgjyifqifjcif;}} ({0Ha*vdw&m;awmfrS a&mufvm
aomtqifoihfjzpfjcif;) [kqkdvkdcJhaomt&m [kwf? r[kwfrSm ar;cGef;
ar;p&m&Sdaeonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf arSmifrkduf\0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;ukd
BuHYBuHUcHwGef;vSefEkdifvkdMuvQif uREkfyfwkdYonfvrf;ay:xGufí ocifa,½I
twGuf oufocHMuzkdYvkdtyfonf[k &Sifaygvkajymaeyg ovm;/ þt&m
onf uREkfyfwkdYukd&efolxHrSumuG,fay;rnfh t&m[kwfygovm;/
þusrf;ykd'fwGif þokdYqkdvkd&if;xuf ykdíeufeJaom xl;jcm;csufwpfck
&Sdaeonf[k uREkfyf,kHMunfrdygonf/
&efol\wkduf½kdufrIrsm;ü om;aumifjzpfoGm;jcif;rS uREkfyf
wkdYukdumuG,fapmifha&Smufay;onfht&mrSm uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fykdifajzmihfrwf
jcif;r[kwfaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;ukd
vkdtyfaeaomolrsm;xHü {0Ha*vdw&m;ukda0iSjcif;onf rGefjrwfaom
vkyf&yfjzpfaomfvnf;? 4if;onfuREkfyfwkdYukd &efol\wkdufckdufrIrsm;ü om;
aumifjzpfoGm;jcif;rS umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;vdrfhrnfr[kwfyg/ ocif
bk&m;twGuf opöm&Sdaomoufaorsm;yifvQif tjypf'kp½kdufü vJNydKcJh
Muygonf/
þypönf;wefqmukd oabmaygufem;vnf&eft"duaomhcsuf
rSm ]]tqifoihfjzpfjcif;}} (NIV) (jrefrmusrf;pmwGif ]]jyifqifjcif;}} [k
jyefqkdxm;onf) [laompum;vkH;ukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfoabmayguf
xm;ykHjzpfonf/ þusrf;ykd'fu {0Ha*vdw&m;udk,fwkdifu uREkfyfwkdY\
jyifqifrIjzpfonf[k ajymaeoaea,mifxifrSwf&onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\
teD;wpf0kdufrS 0dnmOfa&;tiftm;pkrsm;ukd&ifqkdif&ef uREkfyfwkdY\
tqifoifhjzpfjcif;ukd {0Ha*vdw&m;ü awGU&ygonf/ þae&müt"du
pl;pkdufxm;aomt&mrSm {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd a[majyma0iSzkdY uREkfyfwkdY\
tqifoifhjzpfjcif;r[kwfyg/ {0Ha*vdw&m;ESihf qufpyfaeaom uREkfyf
wkdY\tawGUtBuHKjzpfonf/ {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd tjcm;olrsm;xHokdY
aqmif,loGm;zkdY uREkfyfwkdY\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;u uREkfyfwkdYukdrum
uG,fay;yg/ uREkfyfwkdY\tumtuG,fonf {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\
toufwmü vufawGU&,lusihfokH;jcif;rS a&mufvmygonf/
þusrf;csufü &Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom þ{0Ha*vdw&m;onf
rnfonfht&mjzpfoenf;/ a&mr 1;16 &Sd&Sifaygvk\ ajymqkdxm;csuf
t&? þ{0Ha*vdw&m;onf ]],HkMunforQaomoltaygif;wkdYukd u,fwif
apaom bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmf}} jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku {0Ha*vd
{0Ha*vdw&m;wnf;[laomajcpGyf
340 341
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
w&m;onf wefckd;tpGrf;wpfckjzpfonf[k ajymqkdxm;aMumif;ukd owdjyK
yg/ þ{0Ha*vdw&m;onf pum;vkH;rsm; (okdY) xifjrifcsufrsm;oufouf
r[kwfyg/ wefcdkd;tpGrf;wpfckjzpfonf/ þt&monf &efolukdqkdifNydKif
wkdufvSef&mü uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaomt&mr[kwfygvm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
þ&efolukd &ifqkdif&efwefckd;tpGrf;vkdtyfMuonf/ xkdwefckd;tpGrf;ukd
{0Ha*vdw&m;ü awGUEkdifygonf/ þxifjrifcsufukd &Sifaygvku 1ouf
1;5 wGif xyfrHajymqkdxm;onf/
igwkdYonfoifwkdYESihftwlaeaomtcg oifwkdYtwGuf tb,fokdY
aomoljzpfonfukd oifwkdYodMuonfESihftnD? igwkdYa[majym
aom{0Ha*vdw&m;onf? oifwkdYüpum;oufoufjzpfonf
r[kwf/ wefckd;ESihf4if;? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESihf4if;? 0dpdudpäm
r&SdbJ trSefodjcif;ESihf4if; jynfhpkHaomw&m;jzpf\/
þae&mü &Sifaygvkajymjyxm;aom {0Ha*vdw&m;\ wefckd;
qkdonfrSm rnfonfht&mjzpfoenf;/ {0Ha*vdw&m;\ wefckd;ukd
enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;ü uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUEkdifygonf/ yxrtaejzifh? þ
wefckd;awmfukd tjypfom;rsm;tm; pmwef\vufxJrS u,fq,fEkdifaom
4if;\tpGrf;tpwGif jrifawGUEkdifygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf pmwef\wefckd;
tpGrf;ukd txifao;ír&yg/ pmwef\vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;ESihf
aumufuspfpOf;vJjcif;onf uREkfyfwdkYckcHqD;wm;EkdifpGrf;\ wpfzuftvGef
wGif &Sdaeygonf/ þvdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;ESihf tjypf'kp½kdufbufokdY
,drf;,dkifaeaom uREkfyfwkdY\yifukdobm0wkdYukd aygif;pyfvkdufvQif cGJxkwf
ír&aom twGJwpfpkHukdoifykdifqkdif&ygvdfrfhrnf/ &efol\vdrfvnf
vSnfhjzm;jcif;ESihf rkom;rSuREkfyfwkdYukd u,fwifay;Ekdifonfhwpfckwnf;
aomt&mrSm {0Ha*vdw&m;omjzpfonf/ þ{0Ha*vdw&m;wGif tjypf
'kp½kduf\ uRefjyKjcif;üydwfrdaeMuaomolrsm;ukd vGwfay;Ekdifonfh wefckd;
awmf&Sdonf/ &efolukd qefYusifckcH&mü uREkfyfwkdYbufrSjyKvkyfaom
rnfonfhBudK;pm;½kef;uefrIyrmPurQ uREkfyfwkdYtoufwm&Sd pmwef\
tvGefw&mckdifrmaom qkyfukdifxm;rIrS uREkfyfwkdYukdu,fwifay;Ekdif
rnfr[kwfyg/ oifonf {0Ha*vdw&m;a'oemukd Mum;&½kHomru?
4if;\wefcdk;awmfukdvnf; cHpm;&onfhaeY&ufukd owd&rdygovm;/
xkdaeYwGif oihfukdcsnfaESmifxm;aom oHBudK;rsm;rSmjyKwfusoGm;cJhMuyg
onf/ tvif;uG,faeaom oifhrsufpdrsm;rSm jyefyGihfvmcJhMuNyD;? oifonf
pmwef\tusOf;om;wpfOD;trSefjzpfcJhonfukd yxrqkH;tBudrfjrifawGU
cJhygonf/ &efolonf {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd qD;wm;zkdY wefcdk;r&Sdyg/ pmwef\
qkyfukdifxm;rIrsm;onf ajzavsmhoGm;MuNyD;? uREkfyfwkdYrSm {0Ha*vdw&m;\
omí tpGrf;BuD;rm;aom wefckd;awmftm;jzihf vTwfjcif;ukdcHMu&ygonf/
þ{0Ha*vdw&m;awmfonf pmwef\zrf;qkyfrIrS uREkfyfwkdYukd
vGwfajrmufapaom wefckd;awmfukdomykdifqkdifonfr[kwf? uREkfyfwkdY\
tjypfukdcGifhvTwfí uREkfyfwkdYukdtemNidrf;apEkdifonfh wefcdk;awmfukdvnf;
ykdifqkdifxm;ygonf/ {0Ha*vdw&m;\ wefckd;awmfukd cHpm;jrnf;prf;cJh
&aomolrsm;onf 4if;\aq;aMumoefYpifEkdifjcif; wefcdk;awmfukd
oufaocHEkdifMuygonf/ {0Ha*vdw&m;onf pm&Gufwpf&Guftay:&Sd
pum;vkH;rsm;xufykdygonf/ u,fwif&Sifwpfyg;\ owif;aumif;xuf
ykdygonf/ {0Ha*vdw&m;onf tjypfukdcGihfvTwfay;ítjypfukd aq;aMum
{0Ha*vdw&m;wnf;[laomajcpGyf
342 343
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
w&m;onf wefckd;tpGrf;wpfckjzpfonf[k ajymqkdxm;aMumif;ukd owdjyK
yg/ þ{0Ha*vdw&m;onf pum;vkH;rsm; (okdY) xifjrifcsufrsm;oufouf
r[kwfyg/ wefcdkd;tpGrf;wpfckjzpfonf/ þt&monf &efolukdqkdifNydKif
wkdufvSef&mü uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaomt&mr[kwfygvm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
þ&efolukd &ifqkdif&efwefckd;tpGrf;vkdtyfMuonf/ xkdwefckd;tpGrf;ukd
{0Ha*vdw&m;ü awGUEkdifygonf/ þxifjrifcsufukd &Sifaygvku 1ouf
1;5 wGif xyfrHajymqkdxm;onf/
igwkdYonfoifwkdYESihftwlaeaomtcg oifwkdYtwGuf tb,fokdY
aomoljzpfonfukd oifwkdYodMuonfESihftnD? igwkdYa[majym
aom{0Ha*vdw&m;onf? oifwkdYüpum;oufoufjzpfonf
r[kwf/ wefckd;ESihf4if;? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESihf4if;? 0dpdudpäm
r&SdbJ trSefodjcif;ESihf4if; jynfhpkHaomw&m;jzpf\/
þae&mü &Sifaygvkajymjyxm;aom {0Ha*vdw&m;\ wefckd;
qkdonfrSm rnfonfht&mjzpfoenf;/ {0Ha*vdw&m;\ wefckd;ukd
enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;ü uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUEkdifygonf/ yxrtaejzifh? þ
wefckd;awmfukd tjypfom;rsm;tm; pmwef\vufxJrS u,fq,fEkdifaom
4if;\tpGrf;tpwGif jrifawGUEkdifygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf pmwef\wefckd;
tpGrf;ukd txifao;ír&yg/ pmwef\vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;ESihf
aumufuspfpOf;vJjcif;onf uREkfyfwdkYckcHqD;wm;EkdifpGrf;\ wpfzuftvGef
wGif &Sdaeygonf/ þvdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;ESihf tjypf'kp½kdufbufokdY
,drf;,dkifaeaom uREkfyfwkdY\yifukdobm0wkdYukd aygif;pyfvkdufvQif cGJxkwf
ír&aom twGJwpfpkHukdoifykdifqkdif&ygvdfrfhrnf/ &efol\vdrfvnf
vSnfhjzm;jcif;ESihf rkom;rSuREkfyfwkdYukd u,fwifay;Ekdifonfhwpfckwnf;
aomt&mrSm {0Ha*vdw&m;omjzpfonf/ þ{0Ha*vdw&m;wGif tjypf
'kp½kduf\ uRefjyKjcif;üydwfrdaeMuaomolrsm;ukd vGwfay;Ekdifonfh wefckd;
awmf&Sdonf/ &efolukd qefYusifckcH&mü uREkfyfwkdYbufrSjyKvkyfaom
rnfonfhBudK;pm;½kef;uefrIyrmPurQ uREkfyfwkdYtoufwm&Sd pmwef\
tvGefw&mckdifrmaom qkyfukdifxm;rIrS uREkfyfwkdYukdu,fwifay;Ekdif
rnfr[kwfyg/ oifonf {0Ha*vdw&m;a'oemukd Mum;&½kHomru?
4if;\wefcdk;awmfukdvnf; cHpm;&onfhaeY&ufukd owd&rdygovm;/
xkdaeYwGif oihfukdcsnfaESmifxm;aom oHBudK;rsm;rSmjyKwfusoGm;cJhMuyg
onf/ tvif;uG,faeaom oifhrsufpdrsm;rSm jyefyGihfvmcJhMuNyD;? oifonf
pmwef\tusOf;om;wpfOD;trSefjzpfcJhonfukd yxrqkH;tBudrfjrifawGU
cJhygonf/ &efolonf {0Ha*vdw&m;ukd qD;wm;zkdY wefcdk;r&Sdyg/ pmwef\
qkyfukdifxm;rIrsm;onf ajzavsmhoGm;MuNyD;? uREkfyfwkdYrSm {0Ha*vdw&m;\
omí tpGrf;BuD;rm;aom wefckd;awmftm;jzihf vTwfjcif;ukdcHMu&ygonf/
þ{0Ha*vdw&m;awmfonf pmwef\zrf;qkyfrIrS uREkfyfwkdYukd
vGwfajrmufapaom wefckd;awmfukdomykdifqkdifonfr[kwf? uREkfyfwkdY\
tjypfukdcGifhvTwfí uREkfyfwkdYukdtemNidrf;apEkdifonfh wefcdk;awmfukdvnf;
ykdifqkdifxm;ygonf/ {0Ha*vdw&m;\ wefckd;awmfukd cHpm;jrnf;prf;cJh
&aomolrsm;onf 4if;\aq;aMumoefYpifEkdifjcif; wefcdk;awmfukd
oufaocHEkdifMuygonf/ {0Ha*vdw&m;onf pm&Gufwpf&Guftay:&Sd
pum;vkH;rsm;xufykdygonf/ u,fwif&Sifwpfyg;\ owif;aumif;xuf
ykdygonf/ {0Ha*vdw&m;onf tjypfukdcGihfvTwfay;ítjypfukd aq;aMum
{0Ha*vdw&m;wnf;[laomajcpGyf
342 343
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
ay;aom wefckd;awmfwpfyg;jzpfonf/ oifonf þavmuütqkd;0g;qkH;
tjypfom;jzpfaumif;jzpfcJhayrnf/ okdYaomf? {0Ha*vdw&m;\ wefckd;
awmfu ocifhtjypfwpfckcsif;pDukd oefYpifz,f&Sm;ay;Ekdifygonf/ oifh
twdwftaMumif;t&mrsm;ukd cGifhvTwfay;Ekdifonfhwefckd;awmfukd
{0Ha*vdw&m;u ykdifqkdifxm;aomaMumihf oifusL;vGefcJhonfh rnfonfh
t&murQ oifhukdtEkwfvu©PmjzpfapEkdifrnfr[kwfyg/ þrQomru
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf oihftjypf'kp½kdufrsm;rS oifhukdukpm;ay;Ekdifonfh
wefckd;awmfukd ykdifqkdifxm;onf/ wpfcsdefu oifhukduRefjyKcJhaom tjypf
'kp½dkufrsm;onf oifhukdqkyfukdifqGJxm;EkdifMuawmhrnfr[kwfyg/ {0Ha*vd
w&m;onf oihftusihfpm&dwårsm;ukd topfjyKjyifay;ygvdrfhrnf/
oifonf ,cifESihfvkH;vkH;wlawmhrnfr[kwfyg/ þt&mukd &Sifaygvku
2aum 5;17 wGif ajymjyxm;onf/
v
lrnfonfum;? c&pfawmfü&SdvQif topfjyKjyifaomowå0g
jzpf\/ a[mif;aomt&mwkdYonf ajymif;vJí cyfodrf;aom
t&mwkdYonf topfjzpfMuNyD/}}
{0Ha*vdw&m;\ wefckd;awmfukd rmausmcufxefaeaom tjypf
om;ukdac:,lí tjypfvTwfay;jcif;tm;jzihf 4if;wkdY\tusihfpm&dwårsm;
ukd jyKjyifajymif;vJay;Ekdifaom 4if;\tpGrf;tpwGif awGUjrif&onf/
þtvm;wl {0Ha*vdw&m;u i&Jom;wpfokdufwkdYukd aemufaMumif;jyef
qkwfcGgxGufajy;apygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdYonf {0Ha*vdw&m;tm;jzihf tEkdif
,ljcif;ukd cHMu&NyD;jzpfonf/ þ{0Ha*vdw&m;\ wefckd;awmfukd rdrdwkdY
tHrwkEkdifMuaMumif;ukd olwkdYodaeMuygonf/ olwkdYonfwefckd;awmf\
a&SUwGif tpGrf;tprJhaeMuygonf/ a&mr 8;37-39 wGif rnfonfhtrI
t&murQ uREkfyfwkdYukd bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;arwåmESihf rcGJEkdif? ty,f
i&Juyif rcGJEkdifaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvku a&;om;cJhonf/
ruGmaponfomru? igwkdYukdcspfawmfrlaomol\ aus;Zl;
awmfaMumifh? igwkdYonf xkdtrIcyfodrf;wkdYukd cHpOfwGifyif txl;
ojzihfatmifjrifMu\/ taMumif;rlum;? aojcif;jzpfap?
touf&Sifjcif;jzpfap? aumif;uifwrefjzpfap? txG#ftjrwf
jzpfap? tmPmwefckd;jzpfap? rsufarSmuft&mjzpfap? aemifvm
vwHhaomt&mjzpfap? tjrifhjzpfap? tedrfhjzpfap? þt&mrSpí
tb,fedr®dwt&mrQonf? igwkdYocifa,½Ic&pftm;jzihf cH&aom
bk&m;ocif\ arwåmawmfESihf igwkdYukdruGmapEkdif[k igonf
oabmusvsuf&Sd\/
þonfrSm {0Ha*vdw&m;\ wefckd;awmfyifjzpfonf/ þwefckd;
awmfonf þpBuF0|mwpfcGifü,SOfEdkifolr&Sdaom wefckd;awmfjzpfonf/
þwefckd;awmfonf tjypfcGihfvTwfjcif;ESihf vGwfNidrf;csrf;omjcif;ukd
ay;ykdifaom wefckd;awmfjzpfonf/ þwefckd;awmfonf touf&Sifjcif;ESihf
aojcif;\wefckd;awmfjzpfonf/ þwefckd;awmfonf uREkfyfwkdY\wnfNidrf
ckdifcHhaom tkwfjrpfjzpfí &efol\jr§m;csufrsm;rS uREkfyfwkdY\tuG,f
tumjzpfonf/
{0Ha*vdw&m;rSa&mufvmaom tqifoihfjzpfjcif;(jyifqif
jcif;) jzihfuREkfyfwkdY\ajcukd pGyfxm;jcif;qkdonfrSm {0Ha*vdw&m;\
wefckd;awmfukd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü BuHKawGUjrnf;prf;jcif;ESihf pyfqkdif
{0Ha*vdw&m;wnf;[laomajcpGyf
344 345
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
ay;aom wefckd;awmfwpfyg;jzpfonf/ oifonf þavmuütqkd;0g;qkH;
tjypfom;jzpfaumif;jzpfcJhayrnf/ okdYaomf? {0Ha*vdw&m;\ wefckd;
awmfu ocifhtjypfwpfckcsif;pDukd oefYpifz,f&Sm;ay;Ekdifygonf/ oifh
twdwftaMumif;t&mrsm;ukd cGifhvTwfay;Ekdifonfhwefckd;awmfukd
{0Ha*vdw&m;u ykdifqkdifxm;aomaMumihf oifusL;vGefcJhonfh rnfonfh
t&murQ oifhukdtEkwfvu©PmjzpfapEkdifrnfr[kwfyg/ þrQomru
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf oihftjypf'kp½kdufrsm;rS oifhukdukpm;ay;Ekdifonfh
wefckd;awmfukd ykdifqkdifxm;onf/ wpfcsdefu oifhukduRefjyKcJhaom tjypf
'kp½dkufrsm;onf oifhukdqkyfukdifqGJxm;EkdifMuawmhrnfr[kwfyg/ {0Ha*vd
w&m;onf oihftusihfpm&dwårsm;ukd topfjyKjyifay;ygvdrfhrnf/
oifonf ,cifESihfvkH;vkH;wlawmhrnfr[kwfyg/ þt&mukd &Sifaygvku
2aum 5;17 wGif ajymjyxm;onf/
v
lrnfonfum;? c&pfawmfü&SdvQif topfjyKjyifaomowå0g
jzpf\/ a[mif;aomt&mwkdYonf ajymif;vJí cyfodrf;aom
t&mwkdYonf topfjzpfMuNyD/}}
{0Ha*vdw&m;\ wefckd;awmfukd rmausmcufxefaeaom tjypf
om;ukdac:,lí tjypfvTwfay;jcif;tm;jzihf 4if;wkdY\tusihfpm&dwårsm;
ukd jyKjyifajymif;vJay;Ekdifaom 4if;\tpGrf;tpwGif awGUjrif&onf/
þtvm;wl {0Ha*vdw&m;u i&Jom;wpfokdufwkdYukd aemufaMumif;jyef
qkwfcGgxGufajy;apygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdYonf {0Ha*vdw&m;tm;jzihf tEkdif
,ljcif;ukd cHMu&NyD;jzpfonf/ þ{0Ha*vdw&m;\ wefckd;awmfukd rdrdwkdY
tHrwkEkdifMuaMumif;ukd olwkdYodaeMuygonf/ olwkdYonfwefckd;awmf\
a&SUwGif tpGrf;tprJhaeMuygonf/ a&mr 8;37-39 wGif rnfonfhtrI
t&murQ uREkfyfwkdYukd bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;arwåmESihf rcGJEkdif? ty,f
i&Juyif rcGJEkdifaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvku a&;om;cJhonf/
ruGmaponfomru? igwkdYukdcspfawmfrlaomol\ aus;Zl;
awmfaMumifh? igwkdYonf xkdtrIcyfodrf;wkdYukd cHpOfwGifyif txl;
ojzihfatmifjrifMu\/ taMumif;rlum;? aojcif;jzpfap?
touf&Sifjcif;jzpfap? aumif;uifwrefjzpfap? txG#ftjrwf
jzpfap? tmPmwefckd;jzpfap? rsufarSmuft&mjzpfap? aemifvm
vwHhaomt&mjzpfap? tjrifhjzpfap? tedrfhjzpfap? þt&mrSpí
tb,fedr®dwt&mrQonf? igwkdYocifa,½Ic&pftm;jzihf cH&aom
bk&m;ocif\ arwåmawmfESihf igwkdYukdruGmapEkdif[k igonf
oabmusvsuf&Sd\/
þonfrSm {0Ha*vdw&m;\ wefckd;awmfyifjzpfonf/ þwefckd;
awmfonf þpBuF0|mwpfcGifü,SOfEdkifolr&Sdaom wefckd;awmfjzpfonf/
þwefckd;awmfonf tjypfcGihfvTwfjcif;ESihf vGwfNidrf;csrf;omjcif;ukd
ay;ykdifaom wefckd;awmfjzpfonf/ þwefckd;awmfonf touf&Sifjcif;ESihf
aojcif;\wefckd;awmfjzpfonf/ þwefckd;awmfonf uREkfyfwkdY\wnfNidrf
ckdifcHhaom tkwfjrpfjzpfí &efol\jr§m;csufrsm;rS uREkfyfwkdY\tuG,f
tumjzpfonf/
{0Ha*vdw&m;rSa&mufvmaom tqifoihfjzpfjcif;(jyifqif
jcif;) jzihfuREkfyfwkdY\ajcukd pGyfxm;jcif;qkdonfrSm {0Ha*vdw&m;\
wefckd;awmfukd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü BuHKawGUjrnf;prf;jcif;ESihf pyfqkdif
{0Ha*vdw&m;wnf;[laomajcpGyf
344 345
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
onf/ {0Ha*vdw&m;\ pum;vkH;rsm;ukd od&Sdxm;jcif;ESifh {0Ha*vdw&m;
\wefckd;awmfukd BuHKawGUjrnf;prf;&jcif;wdkYonfrwlMuyg/ &SifaygvkwdkY\
acwfrSa&mrppfom;rsm;pD;aom ajcpGyfBudK;okdif;zdeyfwGif wkdufyGJqifETJ
aomtcg ajray:üajcaxmufukd NrJaeapzkdY oHacsmif;rsm;wyfxm;Mu
onf/ tvm;wlyif? raumif;rI'kp½kduf\tiftm;pkrsm;ukd qefYusifckcH
&mü uREkfyfwkdY\tuG,ftumonfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif
ESihfNidrf;csrf;a&;&&Sdxm;Muonf[k od&Sdxm;jcif;[laom ckdifrmawmifhwif;
aomajrüNrJNrHpGm&yf&ef[laom ,kHMunfukd;pm;rIxuf ravsmhyg/
{0Ha*vdw&m;tm; oifhBuHKawGUjrnf;prf;&jcif;onf pum;vkH;
rsm; oufoufxufausmfvGefcJhygovm;/ oifonf þ{0Ha*vdw&m;
tm;jzihf jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;ukd cHcJh&ygovm;/ þ{0Ha*vdw&m;u
ay;xm;aom vGwfvyfrIukd oifBuHKawGUcHpm;cJh&ygovm;/ &efolonf
oihfukdvma&mufcsOf;uyfaomtcg &efolonf oihftoufwmü xif&Sm;
jrifomaeaom þ{0Ha*vdw&m;\ toufwmajymif;vJay;Ekdifaom
wefckd;awmftm;jzihf jyefvnfwGef;xkwfjcif;ukd cH&ygovm;/
{0Ha*vdw&m;ajcpGyfukd pGyfxm;aomolrsm;uom &efolukd
ckcHqD;wm;Ekdifrnfjzpfonf/ þ{0Ha*vdw&m;ü ocifc&pfawmfu
uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf vkyfaqmifay;oGm;cJhaomt&m\ wefckd;awmfuom
uREkfyfwkdYukd&efol\ tjyif;txefwkdufckdufrIrS umuG,fay;Ekdifygonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\teD;w0kdufü oJBuD;rJBuD;jzpfyGm;aeaom þBuD;rm;ta&;
ygonfh 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJü uG,fumapmifhrjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYcHvkdvQif
{0Ha*vdw&m;(owif;aumif;w&m;)ü uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf rSwfwrf;wif
xm;aom bk&m;ocif\tHhzG,fu,fwifjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYBuHKawGUcHpm;
&zkdY vkdtyfonf/ þ{0Ha*vdw&m;\ wefckd;awmftjynfht0ukd oifBuHK
awGUcHpm;jcif;r&Sdao;vQif oifonfocifa,½Iukd ,ckcsufjcif;atmfac:
zkdY vkdtyfonf/ oifhtjypfrsm;rS oihfukdukpm;ay;í xkdtjypfrsm;ukd
cGihfvTwfay;&ef bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/ {0Ha*vdw&m;u
omvQif oifhukdvGwfajrmufapEkdifygonf/ oihfa&SUarSmufü&Sdaeaom
wkdufyGJtwGuf jyifqifjcif;ukdcHvkdvQif oifonf{0Ha*vdajcpGyfukd
oihfajcaxmufü aoaocsmcsmckdifckdifNrJNrJ ywfpnf;xm;zkdY vkdtyfygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonf{0Ha*vd
ajcpGyfukd pGyfxm;MuzkdYvkdtyfonf[k ajymcJhcsdefwGifrnfonfht&m
ukdqkdvkdcJhygoenf;/
{0Ha*vdw&m;u oihftoufwmukd rnfokdYjyKjyifajymif;vJaecJh
ygoenf;/ oihftoufwmü {0Ha*vdw&m;\ toufwmjyKjyif
ajymif;vJay;EkdifpGrf;aom wefckd;awmf\ rjywfaomoufao
taxmuftxm;ukd oifjrifawGUae&ygovm;/ Oyrmrsm;
ay;yg/
uREkfyfwkdYteD;w0kdufü oJBuD;rJBuD;jzpfyGm;aeaom 0dnmOfa&;
wkdufyGJwGif {0Ha*vdw&m;\tcef;u@rSm tb,fenf;/ {0H
a*vdw&m;onf uREkfyfwkdYukd pmwefESihf4if;\ wkdufckdufrIrsm;rS
rnfokdYumuG,fay;ygoenf;/
{0Ha*vdw&m;wnf;[laomajcpGyf
346 347
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
onf/ {0Ha*vdw&m;\ pum;vkH;rsm;ukd od&Sdxm;jcif;ESifh {0Ha*vdw&m;
\wefckd;awmfukd BuHKawGUjrnf;prf;&jcif;wdkYonfrwlMuyg/ &SifaygvkwdkY\
acwfrSa&mrppfom;rsm;pD;aom ajcpGyfBudK;okdif;zdeyfwGif wkdufyGJqifETJ
aomtcg ajray:üajcaxmufukd NrJaeapzkdY oHacsmif;rsm;wyfxm;Mu
onf/ tvm;wlyif? raumif;rI'kp½kduf\tiftm;pkrsm;ukd qefYusifckcH
&mü uREkfyfwkdY\tuG,ftumonfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif
ESihfNidrf;csrf;a&;&&Sdxm;Muonf[k od&Sdxm;jcif;[laom ckdifrmawmifhwif;
aomajrüNrJNrHpGm&yf&ef[laom ,kHMunfukd;pm;rIxuf ravsmhyg/
{0Ha*vdw&m;tm; oifhBuHKawGUjrnf;prf;&jcif;onf pum;vkH;
rsm; oufoufxufausmfvGefcJhygovm;/ oifonf þ{0Ha*vdw&m;
tm;jzihf jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;ukd cHcJh&ygovm;/ þ{0Ha*vdw&m;u
ay;xm;aom vGwfvyfrIukd oifBuHKawGUcHpm;cJh&ygovm;/ &efolonf
oihfukdvma&mufcsOf;uyfaomtcg &efolonf oihftoufwmü xif&Sm;
jrifomaeaom þ{0Ha*vdw&m;\ toufwmajymif;vJay;Ekdifaom
wefckd;awmftm;jzihf jyefvnfwGef;xkwfjcif;ukd cH&ygovm;/
{0Ha*vdw&m;ajcpGyfukd pGyfxm;aomolrsm;uom &efolukd
ckcHqD;wm;Ekdifrnfjzpfonf/ þ{0Ha*vdw&m;ü ocifc&pfawmfu
uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf vkyfaqmifay;oGm;cJhaomt&m\ wefckd;awmfuom
uREkfyfwkdYukd&efol\ tjyif;txefwkdufckdufrIrS umuG,fay;Ekdifygonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\teD;w0kdufü oJBuD;rJBuD;jzpfyGm;aeaom þBuD;rm;ta&;
ygonfh 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJü uG,fumapmifhrjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYcHvkdvQif
{0Ha*vdw&m;(owif;aumif;w&m;)ü uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf rSwfwrf;wif
xm;aom bk&m;ocif\tHhzG,fu,fwifjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYBuHKawGUcHpm;
&zkdY vkdtyfonf/ þ{0Ha*vdw&m;\ wefckd;awmftjynfht0ukd oifBuHK
awGUcHpm;jcif;r&Sdao;vQif oifonfocifa,½Iukd ,ckcsufjcif;atmfac:
zkdY vkdtyfonf/ oifhtjypfrsm;rS oihfukdukpm;ay;í xkdtjypfrsm;ukd
cGihfvTwfay;&ef bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/ {0Ha*vdw&m;u
omvQif oifhukdvGwfajrmufapEkdifygonf/ oihfa&SUarSmufü&Sdaeaom
wkdufyGJtwGuf jyifqifjcif;ukdcHvkdvQif oifonf{0Ha*vdajcpGyfukd
oihfajcaxmufü aoaocsmcsmckdifckdifNrJNrJ ywfpnf;xm;zkdY vkdtyfygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonf{0Ha*vd
ajcpGyfukd pGyfxm;MuzkdYvkdtyfonf[k ajymcJhcsdefwGifrnfonfht&m
ukdqkdvkdcJhygoenf;/
{0Ha*vdw&m;u oihftoufwmukd rnfokdYjyKjyifajymif;vJaecJh
ygoenf;/ oihftoufwmü {0Ha*vdw&m;\ toufwmjyKjyif
ajymif;vJay;EkdifpGrf;aom wefckd;awmf\ rjywfaomoufao
taxmuftxm;ukd oifjrifawGUae&ygovm;/ Oyrmrsm;
ay;yg/
uREkfyfwkdYteD;w0kdufü oJBuD;rJBuD;jzpfyGm;aeaom 0dnmOfa&;
wkdufyGJwGif {0Ha*vdw&m;\tcef;u@rSm tb,fenf;/ {0H
a*vdw&m;onf uREkfyfwkdYukd pmwefESihf4if;\ wkdufckdufrIrsm;rS
rnfokdYumuG,fay;ygoenf;/
{0Ha*vdw&m;wnf;[laomajcpGyf
346 347
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifu oifhtoufwmü {0Ha*vdw&m;\wefcdk;awmf
tm; vufawGUjyoaeonfh enf;vrf;rsm;twGuf ukd,fawmfhukd
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oifhtoufwmü {0Ha*vdw&m;u jyKvkyf
aecJhaom tajymif;tvJrsm;twGufvnf; ukd,fawmhfukd aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifonf {0Ha*vdw&m;\ a'oemawmfukd ,kHMunfvufcHcJhNyD;?
4if;\touf&Sifjcif;ukday;ykdifaom wefckd;awmfukdvnf; BuHKawGU
cHpm;aecJhonfhtwGuf ,ckwGifoifonf &efolukdkqkdifNydKifwkduf
vSefonfhwkdufyGJwGif ,kHMunfpdwfcsrI &SdaeEkdifaomaMumifh
ocifbk&m;udk aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
r,kHMunfolrdwfaqG (okdY) aqGrsKd;wpfa,mufa,mufxHü {0H
a*vdw&m;\ wefckd;awmfukd bk&m;ocifu xkwfazmfjyoay;
zkdYqkawmif;&ef tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/
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,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm;
{zuf 6;16 ukdzwf½Iyg/
ppf0wfpkHESihfpyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvkaemufxyfajymqkdxm;aom
wefqmrSm 'kdif;vTm;jzpfonf/ &Sif;vif;csufa&;om;olrsm;u &Sifaygvk
wkdY\ acwfumvwGif 'kdif;vTm;ESpfrsKd;ukd tokH;jyKMuonf[k qkdxm;Mu
onf/ yxrtrsKd;tpm;rSm? t0kdif;ykHo@mef'kdif;vTm;jzpfí? 4if;onfcefY
rSef;ajctm;jzihf 3ay (90 pifwDrDwmcefY) tcsif;&Sdonf/ 'kwd,trsKd;
tpm;rSm axmifhrSefpwk*HESihfykdíwlNyD;? tus,ftm;jzifh 2 1^2 ay
(80 pifwDrDwmcefY) us,fí tjrifhtm;jzihf 4ay (1.2 rDwmcefY)
jrifhonf/ þae&mü &Sifaygvkajymjyxm;onfh 'kdif;vTm;rSm'kwd,
'kdif;vTm;trsKd;tpm;jzpfonf/ þ'kdif;vTm;onf ppfol&Jukdyxr'kdif;vTm;
trsKd;tpm;xufykdí umuG,fay;Ekdifonf/ oifpdwful;MunfhEkdifonfh
twkdif;yif? þt&G,ftpm;&Sdaom 'kdif;vTm;onfwkdufyGJukdqifETJ&mwGif
tao;wpfckxufBuD;aomaMumifh ykdítaESmuft,Suft[efYtwm;
jzpfcJhygvdrfhrnf/ okdYaomf? uREkfyfwkdYoabmaygufxm;zkdY vkdtyfaomt&m
rSmuREkfyfwkdY\wkdufyGJonf bk&m;ocifESihfpyfqkdifí? þppf0wfqefqm
rsm;rSm uREkfyfwkdY\tumtuG,ftwGufykdí &nf&G,fxm;onf[laom
348
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifu oifhtoufwmü {0Ha*vdw&m;\wefcdk;awmf
tm; vufawGUjyoaeonfh enf;vrf;rsm;twGuf ukd,fawmfhukd
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oifhtoufwmü {0Ha*vdw&m;u jyKvkyf
aecJhaom tajymif;tvJrsm;twGufvnf; ukd,fawmhfukd aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifonf {0Ha*vdw&m;\ a'oemawmfukd ,kHMunfvufcHcJhNyD;?
4if;\touf&Sifjcif;ukday;ykdifaom wefckd;awmfukdvnf; BuHKawGU
cHpm;aecJhonfhtwGuf ,ckwGifoifonf &efolukdkqkdifNydKifwkduf
vSefonfhwkdufyGJwGif ,kHMunfpdwfcsrI &SdaeEkdifaomaMumifh
ocifbk&m;udk aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
r,kHMunfolrdwfaqG (okdY) aqGrsKd;wpfa,mufa,mufxHü {0H
a*vdw&m;\ wefckd;awmfukd bk&m;ocifu xkwfazmfjyoay;
zkdYqkawmif;&ef tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/
3030
3030
30
,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm;,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm;
,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm;,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm;
,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm;
{zuf 6;16 ukdzwf½Iyg/
ppf0wfpkHESihfpyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvkaemufxyfajymqkdxm;aom
wefqmrSm 'kdif;vTm;jzpfonf/ &Sif;vif;csufa&;om;olrsm;u &Sifaygvk
wkdY\ acwfumvwGif 'kdif;vTm;ESpfrsKd;ukd tokH;jyKMuonf[k qkdxm;Mu
onf/ yxrtrsKd;tpm;rSm? t0kdif;ykHo@mef'kdif;vTm;jzpfí? 4if;onfcefY
rSef;ajctm;jzihf 3ay (90 pifwDrDwmcefY) tcsif;&Sdonf/ 'kwd,trsKd;
tpm;rSm axmifhrSefpwk*HESihfykdíwlNyD;? tus,ftm;jzifh 2 1^2 ay
(80 pifwDrDwmcefY) us,fí tjrifhtm;jzihf 4ay (1.2 rDwmcefY)
jrifhonf/ þae&mü &Sifaygvkajymjyxm;onfh 'kdif;vTm;rSm'kwd,
'kdif;vTm;trsKd;tpm;jzpfonf/ þ'kdif;vTm;onf ppfol&Jukdyxr'kdif;vTm;
trsKd;tpm;xufykdí umuG,fay;Ekdifonf/ oifpdwful;MunfhEkdifonfh
twkdif;yif? þt&G,ftpm;&Sdaom 'kdif;vTm;onfwkdufyGJukdqifETJ&mwGif
tao;wpfckxufBuD;aomaMumifh ykdítaESmuft,Suft[efYtwm;
jzpfcJhygvdrfhrnf/ okdYaomf? uREkfyfwkdYoabmaygufxm;zkdY vkdtyfaomt&m
rSmuREkfyfwkdY\wkdufyGJonf bk&m;ocifESihfpyfqkdifí? þppf0wfqefqm
rsm;rSm uREkfyfwkdY\tumtuG,ftwGufykdí &nf&G,fxm;onf[laom
348
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
tcsufjzpfonf/ pmwefESihf qkdifNydKifwkdufvSef&aomwkdufyGJ&Sd uREkfyfwkdY\
tykdif;u@rSm rsm;aomtm;jzihfpmwefukd ckcHqD;wm;jcif;jzpfonf/
þ'kdif;vTm;onf xkdckcHqD;wm;jcif;wGif r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfaomt&m
jzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; þ'kdif;vTm;onf ,kHMunf
jcif;'kdif;vTm;jzpfonf[k ajymcJhonf/ þ,kHMunfjcif;'kdif;vTm;tm;jzihf
{zuftoif;om;rsm;onf ]]rm&fewfypfcwfaom rD;pufvufeuf}}ukd
Nidrf;owfEkdifcJhMurnfjzpfonf/ &SifaygvkwkdY\ acwfumvwGif? &efolonf
jr§m;ukd uwå↦uJhodkYaomt&mxJwGifESpffí av;ay:üwifí rypfcwf
rDwGif rD;n§day;&onf/ þokdYjyKvkyfjcif;u jr§m;rsm;\zsufqD;EkdifpGrf;ukd
ykdíwkd;apygonf/ tEÅ&m,fusa&mufrnfukd rodaomom;aumifonf
ukd,fcE¨mtemw&jzpfjcif;ukdom &ifqkdif&onfr[kwf? jr§m;\rD;awmuf
uvnf; cE¨mukd,fay:&Sdt0wftpm;ukd rD;avmifapEkdifygonf/ rD;
awmufaeaom þjr§m;rsm;ESihf &ifqkdifwkdufcdkuf&eftwGuf opfom;
'kdif;vTm;rsm;ukd oa&jym;jzihfzkH;tkyfí jyKvkyfxm;Muonf/ xkdokdYjYyKvkyf
xm;jcif;u opfom;ukdrD;rpGJrDwGif oa&jym;rsm;u rD;awmufukdxdef;csKyf
í Nidrf;owfay;ygonf/
þusrf;ykd'fi,frS yxrtcsuftaejzihf uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfxm;
&efvkdtyfaom tcsufrSm&efolonf 4if;\rD;awmufaeaom jr§m;rsm;jzihf
uREkfyfwkdYukd tqufrjywfypfcwfaeonf[laom tcsufjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku &efolonfuREkfyfwkdYukd jr§m;jzihfypfcwfaomtcsdefüom
,kHMunfjcif;'kdif;vTm;ukd pGJukdifMuzdkY rajymxm;aMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ þ
ae&mü ,lqxm;csufrSm &efolonfuREkfyfwkdYukd rjywfwrf;ypfcwfaernf
[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\aeYpOftoufwmwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf
rD;awmufavmifaeaom þjr§m;rsm;jzihfw&pyfypfcwfwkdufckdufjcif;ukd
cHMu&ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\vrf;aMumif;qDokdY &efoluypfvTwfaumif;
ypfvTwfcJhrnfh rD;awmufavmifaeaomjr§m;rsm;pGm&Sdonf/ 4if;wkdYrS tcsKdU
ukdavhvmMunfhMuygpkdY/
oHo,jzpfjcif;ESihfpdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;
oifonfoHo,jzpfjcif;ESihf pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;wkdYukd BuHKawGU
cHpm;cJhzl;ygovm;/ uREkfyfyg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJhaom {0Ha*vdjyKvkyfjcif; txl;
w&m;a[majymyGJBuD;wpfcktNyD;wGif þoHo,jzpfjcif;ESihf pdwfysuf
tm;avsmhjcif;wkdYukd uREkfyf&ifqkdifcHpm; &cJhaMumif;ukd owd&rdonf/
uREkfyf\ u,fwifjcif;ukd uREkfyfoHo,rjzpfcJhyg/ uRkEkfyfu,fwifjcif;
&&Sdxm;aMumif;ukd uREkfyfaocsmaeygonf/ odkYaomf? uREkfyfoHo,jzpf
cJhonfht&mrSm trIawmftwGuf bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfukday;tyfxm;onfh
0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;taMumif;jzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;ukd uREkfyf
eD;pyfcsifoavmuftxd reD;pyfcJhonfhtjzpfukd uREkfyfpwifjrnfwrf;cJh
onf/ bk&m;ocifonf rnfonfht&yfwGif&Sdaeí ukd,fawmfonf uREkfyf
xHütb,faMumifhykdí ppfrSefrvm&onfukd odcsifaecJhonf/ {vd,
onf u&arvawmifay:ü Amvbk&m;\ya&mzufrsm;ukd tBuD;
tus,fEkdif&cJhNyD;aemufwGif tBuD;tus,fpdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;ESihf
oHo,jzpfjcif;tcsdefumvwpfckukd &ifqkdifjzwfoef;cJh&onf (3&m 19)/
olonf toufyifr&SifcsifcJhawmhyg/
,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm;
350 351
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
tcsufjzpfonf/ pmwefESihf qkdifNydKifwkdufvSef&aomwkdufyGJ&Sd uREkfyfwkdY\
tykdif;u@rSm rsm;aomtm;jzihfpmwefukd ckcHqD;wm;jcif;jzpfonf/
þ'kdif;vTm;onf xkdckcHqD;wm;jcif;wGif r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfaomt&m
jzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; þ'kdif;vTm;onf ,kHMunf
jcif;'kdif;vTm;jzpfonf[k ajymcJhonf/ þ,kHMunfjcif;'kdif;vTm;tm;jzihf
{zuftoif;om;rsm;onf ]]rm&fewfypfcwfaom rD;pufvufeuf}}ukd
Nidrf;owfEkdifcJhMurnfjzpfonf/ &SifaygvkwkdY\ acwfumvwGif? &efolonf
jr§m;ukd uwå↦uJhodkYaomt&mxJwGifESpffí av;ay:üwifí rypfcwf
rDwGif rD;n§day;&onf/ þokdYjyKvkyfjcif;u jr§m;rsm;\zsufqD;EkdifpGrf;ukd
ykdíwkd;apygonf/ tEÅ&m,fusa&mufrnfukd rodaomom;aumifonf
ukd,fcE¨mtemw&jzpfjcif;ukdom &ifqkdif&onfr[kwf? jr§m;\rD;awmuf
uvnf; cE¨mukd,fay:&Sdt0wftpm;ukd rD;avmifapEkdifygonf/ rD;
awmufaeaom þjr§m;rsm;ESihf &ifqkdifwkdufcdkuf&eftwGuf opfom;
'kdif;vTm;rsm;ukd oa&jym;jzihfzkH;tkyfí jyKvkyfxm;Muonf/ xkdokdYjYyKvkyf
xm;jcif;u opfom;ukdrD;rpGJrDwGif oa&jym;rsm;u rD;awmufukdxdef;csKyf
í Nidrf;owfay;ygonf/
þusrf;ykd'fi,frS yxrtcsuftaejzihf uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfxm;
&efvkdtyfaom tcsufrSm&efolonf 4if;\rD;awmufaeaom jr§m;rsm;jzihf
uREkfyfwkdYukd tqufrjywfypfcwfaeonf[laom tcsufjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku &efolonfuREkfyfwkdYukd jr§m;jzihfypfcwfaomtcsdefüom
,kHMunfjcif;'kdif;vTm;ukd pGJukdifMuzdkY rajymxm;aMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ þ
ae&mü ,lqxm;csufrSm &efolonfuREkfyfwkdYukd rjywfwrf;ypfcwfaernf
[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\aeYpOftoufwmwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf
rD;awmufavmifaeaom þjr§m;rsm;jzihfw&pyfypfcwfwkdufckdufjcif;ukd
cHMu&ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\vrf;aMumif;qDokdY &efoluypfvTwfaumif;
ypfvTwfcJhrnfh rD;awmufavmifaeaomjr§m;rsm;pGm&Sdonf/ 4if;wkdYrS tcsKdU
ukdavhvmMunfhMuygpkdY/
oHo,jzpfjcif;ESihfpdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;
oifonfoHo,jzpfjcif;ESihf pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;wkdYukd BuHKawGU
cHpm;cJhzl;ygovm;/ uREkfyfyg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJhaom {0Ha*vdjyKvkyfjcif; txl;
w&m;a[majymyGJBuD;wpfcktNyD;wGif þoHo,jzpfjcif;ESihf pdwfysuf
tm;avsmhjcif;wkdYukd uREkfyf&ifqkdifcHpm; &cJhaMumif;ukd owd&rdonf/
uREkfyf\ u,fwifjcif;ukd uREkfyfoHo,rjzpfcJhyg/ uRkEkfyfu,fwifjcif;
&&Sdxm;aMumif;ukd uREkfyfaocsmaeygonf/ odkYaomf? uREkfyfoHo,jzpf
cJhonfht&mrSm trIawmftwGuf bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfukday;tyfxm;onfh
0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;taMumif;jzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;ukd uREkfyf
eD;pyfcsifoavmuftxd reD;pyfcJhonfhtjzpfukd uREkfyfpwifjrnfwrf;cJh
onf/ bk&m;ocifonf rnfonfht&yfwGif&Sdaeí ukd,fawmfonf uREkfyf
xHütb,faMumifhykdí ppfrSefrvm&onfukd odcsifaecJhonf/ {vd,
onf u&arvawmifay:ü Amvbk&m;\ya&mzufrsm;ukd tBuD;
tus,fEkdif&cJhNyD;aemufwGif tBuD;tus,fpdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;ESihf
oHo,jzpfjcif;tcsdefumvwpfckukd &ifqkdifjzwfoef;cJh&onf (3&m 19)/
olonf toufyifr&SifcsifcJhawmhyg/
,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm;
350 351
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
0dnmOfa&;ü pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;ukd xl;jcm;csufrSm 4if;onf
atmifjrifjcif;tcsdeftcgwGif a&muf&Sdvmjcif;yifjzpfonf/ oifonf
vnf;xkduJhokdYaom pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;ESihf oHo,jzpfjcif;rsm;ukd
BuHKawGUaumif; BuHKawGUcJh&ygrnf/ þt&monf rnfonfhae&mrS
a&muf&Sdvmygoenf;/ þt&monf uREkfyfwkdYukdtm½kHvTJ ab;acsmfapí
bk&m;ocif\ EkdifiHawmftm; csJUxGifjcif;rS uREkfyfwkdYukdqD;wm;&ef ypfvTwf
vkdufaom pmwef\rD;awmufaeaom jr§m;rSwpfacsmif;r[kwfygvm;/
þwkdufckdufrIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdY atmifjrifausmfvTm;Mu
rnfenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifbk&m;üvkHNcHKpdwfcspGm &SdaeMuaMumif;ukd
uREkfyfwkdYtm;ajymjyonfh bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfü t<uif;rJh
,kHMunfpdwfcsrI&Sdjcif;uomvQif þuJhokdYaomwkdufckdufrItay:ü
uREkfyfwkdYukd atmifjrifjcif;ay;ygvdrfhrnf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif uREkfyfwkdY\
teD;wpf0kdufrSt&mtm;vkH; wpfppDNydKuGJysufpD;oGm;Muonf[k xifrSwf&
ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfcHpm;rIrsm;u uREkfyfwkdYukdopömazmufí uREkfyf
wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;uJhokdY rcHpm;Mu&awmhyg/ þuJhokdY
aomtcsdefrsm;wGif bk&m;ociftay:üxm;&Sdaom uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunf
jcif;ESihf pdwfcs,kHMunfrIuomvQif uREkfyfwkdYukd tqkH;wkdifaqmif,lay;
oGm;Ekdifygonf/ pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;ESihf oHo,jzpfjcif;wnf;[laom
rD;awmufavmifaeonfh jr§m;uuREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;'kdif;vTm;ukd wkduf
ckdufaomtcg uREkfyfwkdYonf us½IH;ysufuGufjcif;r&SdEkdifaom ocifbk&m;
ukd ,kHMunfukd;pm;MuaomaMumifh xkdrD;jr§m;onfcsufcsif; Nidrf;oGm;yg
vdrfhrnf/
azmufjyef,kwfnHhaompdwfqE´rsm;
azmufjyef,kwfnHhaom pdwfqE´rsm;ESihf pdwfaeoabmxm;
wnf;[laom rD;awmufaeonfh jr§m;rsm;rSmrnfokdYenf;/ wyfrufjcif;ESihf
avmbvGefusL;jcif;wkdYonf þjr§m;rsm;\ Oyrmrsm;jzpfonf/ remvkdjcif;
ESihf emusnf;cg;oD;jcif;wkdY\ xkd;qGrIukdvnf; uREkfyfwkdYcHpm;&ygonf/
þrD;awmufaeaom jr§m;rsm;ukd tvsiftjrefrNidrf;owfvQif 4if;wkdYonf
uREkfyfwkdY\jzpfwnfrIwpfckvkH;ukd tvsiftjref avmifuRrf;0g;NrdKoGm;Mu
ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYtxJrS þpl;&Semusifapaomjr§m;rsm;ukd vkH;vkH;rBuHK
awGUzl;aomolrnfol&Sdoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY\ yifukdcGeftm; pGrf;yum;ESihfqkd
vQifuREkfyfwkdYusdef;ao NydKvJ½IH;edrfhcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/
azmufjyef,kwfnHhaompdwfoabmxm;rsm;
pmwef\rD;awmufaeaomjr§m;onf tjcm;olrsm;tay:ü
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wwfonf/ xkdjr§m;u uREkfyfwkdYukdwkdufckdufaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY\jzpfwnfrI
wpfckvkH;ukd em;usnf;cg;oD;jcif;? remvkdjcif;? a'goxGufjcif;ponfwkdYjzihf
pwifavmifuRrf;ap&ef tcsdefMumMumrvkdyg/ ocifc&pfawmf\emr
awmfjzihf ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;jcif; r&SdvQif? 4if;onftjcm;olrsm;xHokdY tvsif
tjreful;pufysHUESHUoGm;í toif;awmfwpfckvkH;ukd em;usnf;cg;oD;jcif;ESihf
twl[kef;[kef;awmufavmifoGm;apcJhaMumif;ukd odxm;Muygonf/
þazmufjyef,kwfnHhaom pdwfoabmxm;rsm;\ om;aumifjzpfoGm;
jcif;rSm uREkfyfwkdYtwGuftvGefvG,fulaMumif;udkuREkfyfwkdYodxm;Muyg
,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm;
352 353
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
0dnmOfa&;ü pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;ukd xl;jcm;csufrSm 4if;onf
atmifjrifjcif;tcsdeftcgwGif a&muf&Sdvmjcif;yifjzpfonf/ oifonf
vnf;xkduJhokdYaom pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;ESihf oHo,jzpfjcif;rsm;ukd
BuHKawGUaumif; BuHKawGUcJh&ygrnf/ þt&monf rnfonfhae&mrS
a&muf&Sdvmygoenf;/ þt&monf uREkfyfwkdYukdtm½kHvTJ ab;acsmfapí
bk&m;ocif\ EkdifiHawmftm; csJUxGifjcif;rS uREkfyfwkdYukdqD;wm;&ef ypfvTwf
vkdufaom pmwef\rD;awmufaeaom jr§m;rSwpfacsmif;r[kwfygvm;/
þwkdufckdufrIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdY atmifjrifausmfvTm;Mu
rnfenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifbk&m;üvkHNcHKpdwfcspGm &SdaeMuaMumif;ukd
uREkfyfwkdYtm;ajymjyonfh bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfü t<uif;rJh
,kHMunfpdwfcsrI&Sdjcif;uomvQif þuJhokdYaomwkdufckdufrItay:ü
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teD;wpf0kdufrSt&mtm;vkH; wpfppDNydKuGJysufpD;oGm;Muonf[k xifrSwf&
ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfcHpm;rIrsm;u uREkfyfwkdYukdopömazmufí uREkfyf
wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;uJhokdY rcHpm;Mu&awmhyg/ þuJhokdY
aomtcsdefrsm;wGif bk&m;ociftay:üxm;&Sdaom uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunf
jcif;ESihf pdwfcs,kHMunfrIuomvQif uREkfyfwkdYukd tqkH;wkdifaqmif,lay;
oGm;Ekdifygonf/ pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;ESihf oHo,jzpfjcif;wnf;[laom
rD;awmufavmifaeonfh jr§m;uuREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;'kdif;vTm;ukd wkduf
ckdufaomtcg uREkfyfwkdYonf us½IH;ysufuGufjcif;r&SdEkdifaom ocifbk&m;
ukd ,kHMunfukd;pm;MuaomaMumifh xkdrD;jr§m;onfcsufcsif; Nidrf;oGm;yg
vdrfhrnf/
azmufjyef,kwfnHhaompdwfqE´rsm;
azmufjyef,kwfnHhaom pdwfqE´rsm;ESihf pdwfaeoabmxm;
wnf;[laom rD;awmufaeonfh jr§m;rsm;rSmrnfokdYenf;/ wyfrufjcif;ESihf
avmbvGefusL;jcif;wkdYonf þjr§m;rsm;\ Oyrmrsm;jzpfonf/ remvkdjcif;
ESihf emusnf;cg;oD;jcif;wkdY\ xkd;qGrIukdvnf; uREkfyfwkdYcHpm;&ygonf/
þrD;awmufaeaom jr§m;rsm;ukd tvsiftjrefrNidrf;owfvQif 4if;wkdYonf
uREkfyfwkdY\jzpfwnfrIwpfckvkH;ukd tvsiftjref avmifuRrf;0g;NrdKoGm;Mu
ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYtxJrS þpl;&Semusifapaomjr§m;rsm;ukd vkH;vkH;rBuHK
awGUzl;aomolrnfol&Sdoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY\ yifukdcGeftm; pGrf;yum;ESihfqkd
vQifuREkfyfwkdYusdef;ao NydKvJ½IH;edrfhcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/
azmufjyef,kwfnHhaompdwfoabmxm;rsm;
pmwef\rD;awmufaeaomjr§m;onf tjcm;olrsm;tay:ü
xm;&Sdaom rSm;,Gif;onfhpdwfoabmxm; ykHo@mefjzifha&mufvmyg
wwfonf/ xkdjr§m;u uREkfyfwkdYukdwkdufckdufaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY\jzpfwnfrI
wpfckvkH;ukd em;usnf;cg;oD;jcif;? remvkdjcif;? a'goxGufjcif;ponfwkdYjzihf
pwifavmifuRrf;ap&ef tcsdefMumMumrvkdyg/ ocifc&pfawmf\emr
awmfjzihf ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;jcif; r&SdvQif? 4if;onftjcm;olrsm;xHokdY tvsif
tjreful;pufysHUESHUoGm;í toif;awmfwpfckvkH;ukd em;usnf;cg;oD;jcif;ESihf
twl[kef;[kef;awmufavmifoGm;apcJhaMumif;ukd odxm;Muygonf/
þazmufjyef,kwfnHhaom pdwfoabmxm;rsm;\ om;aumifjzpfoGm;
jcif;rSm uREkfyfwkdYtwGuftvGefvG,fulaMumif;udkuREkfyfwkdYodxm;Muyg
,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm;
352 353
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
onf/ þt&mukd ckcHqD;wm;zkdY cGeftm;pGrf;yum;twGuf ocifbk&m;xH
,kHMunfjcif;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYatmf[pfawmif;avQmufMuygonf/ ukd,fawmf
&Sifüom atmifjrifjcif;&Sdonf/ pmwef\rD;awmufaeaom tjcm;jr§m;
rsm;pGm&Sdygao;onf/ &efolonf uREkfyfwkdYukdrnfokdY tqufrjywfwkduf
ckdufaeaMumif;ukd jyoay;zkdY þt&mrsm;ukd ykHOyrmrsm;tjzpfESihf uREkfyf
wifjyjcif;omjzpfonf/
,kHMunfjcif;qkdonfrSm rnfonfht&mjzpfí xkd,HkMunfjcif;u
þrD;awmufaeaomjr§m;rsm;ukd atmifEkdif&efuREkfyfwkdYukd rnfodkYulnD
ay;ygoenf;/ ,kHMunfjcif;qkdonfrSm ]]arQmfvifhaomt&mwkdYukd rsuf
arSmufjyKjcif;jzpf\/ rjrifao;aomt&mwkdYukd odrSwfpGJvrf;jcif;
taMumif;jzpf\}} [k a[NAJ 11;1 wGif uREkfyfwkdYzwf½I&onf/ ,kHMunfjcif;
qkdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdYrjrifaomt&mukdodrSwfpGJvrf;jcif; (aocsmjcif;)
jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;qkdonfrSm ocifbk&m;ESihf ocifbk&m;\&nf&G,f
csufrsm;ü ,kHMunfpdwfcsrIwpfckjzpfonf/ pmwefonf vlom;rsm;tjzpf
ESihfuREkfyfü&Sdaeaom tm;enf;csufrsm;ukd odxm;onf/ bk&m;ocifESihf
pyfqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrjrifEkdifjcif;? bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;
rsm;ukdem;vnf&ef uREkfyfwkdYrwwfpGrf;Ekdifjcif;wkdYukd pmwefuodxm;onf/
{'ifO,smOfBuD;xJü {0ESihfpum;ajymcJhcsdefu olonfolrukd tvGef,kwåd
wefaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzihf jzm;a,mif;qGJaqmifcJhNyD; aumif;raumif;ukd
oduRrf;apaomtyifrStoD;ukd pm;jcif;onf t<uif;rJhvufcHxkdufaom
t&mjzpfvmcJhonf/ olonf{0ukdpkHprf;aESmuf,Suf&mü ajrmufjrm;pGm
aomt&mrsm;onf xkdaeYwGif olYukdrsufESmomay;cJhMuonf/ xkdtyif\
tvStyuvnf; olYukdxkdtcGihfta&;ay;cJhonf/ xkdtyif\toD;
rSmvnf; tvGeft&om&SdykHay:aecJhonf/ {0\ yifukdpyfpkvkdpdwfESihf
ÓPfynmukdawmifhwaom pdwfwkdYonf pmwef\tusKd;tjrwftwGuf
tvkyfvkyfay;aecJhMuonf (urÇmOD; 3;6 ukdMunfhyg)/ þpkHprf;
aESmuf,Sufjcif;tcsdefor,ü olrukdus½IH;NydKvJjcif;rS rnfonfht&mu
umuG,fay;cJhygrnfenf;/ olrukdumuG,fay;rnfht&mrSm olr\t&Sif
bk&m;ocifu ajymcJhaomt&mrsm;tay:üxm;&Sdaom ol\,kHMunfjcif;
ESihfpdwfcsjcif;wkdY r[kwfygvm;/
,kHMunfjcif;qkdonfrSm bk&m;ocifajymaom EIwfuywfawmfukd
,kHMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ oufaotaxmuftxm;rsm;u uREkfyfwkdYukd
tjcm;vrf;odkY ñTefjyaeNyD;? bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfu tjcm;wpf
vrf;okdYñTefjyaeonfhtcsdefrsm; &Sdwwfygonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;onf oabm
raygufem;rvnfEkdifaomtcsdefüyif emcHrI&Sdonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;onf
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudk oabmwlvufcHonfhtaejzihf ,kwåd
wefí obm0usaomt&mrsm;ukdyif vkdvkdvm;vm;ckcHqD;wm;vkdyg
vdrfhrnf/ ,kHMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocifESihfbk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywf
awmftay:wGif rdrd\pdwfcs,kHMunfrIudk tjynfht0xm;&Sdygvdrfhrnf/
pmwefu ]]oufaotaxmuftxm;awG tm;vkH;igrSefw,fvkdY
jyaeMuw,f}} [kajymqdkcsdefwGif ,kHMunfjcif;u ]]igbk&m;ocifajymwm
ukdyJ ,kHMunfqJjzpfw,f}} [kwkefYjyefygonf/ pmwefu ]]'DykHpHeJY
wkefYjyefwmwu,fhukd obm0usw,f}} [kajymcsdefwGif ,kHMunfjcif;u
]]ig'DvkdwkefYjyefp&m rvkdbl;vkdY bk&m;ocif&JU EIwfuywfawmfu ighukdajym
,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm;
354 355
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
onf/ þt&mukd ckcHqD;wm;zkdY cGeftm;pGrf;yum;twGuf ocifbk&m;xH
,kHMunfjcif;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYatmf[pfawmif;avQmufMuygonf/ ukd,fawmf
&Sifüom atmifjrifjcif;&Sdonf/ pmwef\rD;awmufaeaom tjcm;jr§m;
rsm;pGm&Sdygao;onf/ &efolonf uREkfyfwkdYukdrnfokdY tqufrjywfwkduf
ckdufaeaMumif;ukd jyoay;zkdY þt&mrsm;ukd ykHOyrmrsm;tjzpfESihf uREkfyf
wifjyjcif;omjzpfonf/
,kHMunfjcif;qkdonfrSm rnfonfht&mjzpfí xkd,HkMunfjcif;u
þrD;awmufaeaomjr§m;rsm;ukd atmifEkdif&efuREkfyfwkdYukd rnfodkYulnD
ay;ygoenf;/ ,kHMunfjcif;qkdonfrSm ]]arQmfvifhaomt&mwkdYukd rsuf
arSmufjyKjcif;jzpf\/ rjrifao;aomt&mwkdYukd odrSwfpGJvrf;jcif;
taMumif;jzpf\}} [k a[NAJ 11;1 wGif uREkfyfwkdYzwf½I&onf/ ,kHMunfjcif;
qkdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdYrjrifaomt&mukdodrSwfpGJvrf;jcif; (aocsmjcif;)
jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;qkdonfrSm ocifbk&m;ESihf ocifbk&m;\&nf&G,f
csufrsm;ü ,kHMunfpdwfcsrIwpfckjzpfonf/ pmwefonf vlom;rsm;tjzpf
ESihfuREkfyfü&Sdaeaom tm;enf;csufrsm;ukd odxm;onf/ bk&m;ocifESihf
pyfqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrjrifEkdifjcif;? bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;
rsm;ukdem;vnf&ef uREkfyfwkdYrwwfpGrf;Ekdifjcif;wkdYukd pmwefuodxm;onf/
{'ifO,smOfBuD;xJü {0ESihfpum;ajymcJhcsdefu olonfolrukd tvGef,kwåd
wefaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzihf jzm;a,mif;qGJaqmifcJhNyD; aumif;raumif;ukd
oduRrf;apaomtyifrStoD;ukd pm;jcif;onf t<uif;rJhvufcHxkdufaom
t&mjzpfvmcJhonf/ olonf{0ukdpkHprf;aESmuf,Suf&mü ajrmufjrm;pGm
aomt&mrsm;onf xkdaeYwGif olYukdrsufESmomay;cJhMuonf/ xkdtyif\
tvStyuvnf; olYukdxkdtcGihfta&;ay;cJhonf/ xkdtyif\toD;
rSmvnf; tvGeft&om&SdykHay:aecJhonf/ {0\ yifukdpyfpkvkdpdwfESihf
ÓPfynmukdawmifhwaom pdwfwkdYonf pmwef\tusKd;tjrwftwGuf
tvkyfvkyfay;aecJhMuonf (urÇmOD; 3;6 ukdMunfhyg)/ þpkHprf;
aESmuf,Sufjcif;tcsdefor,ü olrukdus½IH;NydKvJjcif;rS rnfonfht&mu
umuG,fay;cJhygrnfenf;/ olrukdumuG,fay;rnfht&mrSm olr\t&Sif
bk&m;ocifu ajymcJhaomt&mrsm;tay:üxm;&Sdaom ol\,kHMunfjcif;
ESihfpdwfcsjcif;wkdY r[kwfygvm;/
,kHMunfjcif;qkdonfrSm bk&m;ocifajymaom EIwfuywfawmfukd
,kHMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ oufaotaxmuftxm;rsm;u uREkfyfwkdYukd
tjcm;vrf;odkY ñTefjyaeNyD;? bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfu tjcm;wpf
vrf;okdYñTefjyaeonfhtcsdefrsm; &Sdwwfygonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;onf oabm
raygufem;rvnfEkdifaomtcsdefüyif emcHrI&Sdonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;onf
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudk oabmwlvufcHonfhtaejzihf ,kwåd
wefí obm0usaomt&mrsm;ukdyif vkdvkdvm;vm;ckcHqD;wm;vkdyg
vdrfhrnf/ ,kHMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocifESihfbk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywf
awmftay:wGif rdrd\pdwfcs,kHMunfrIudk tjynfht0xm;&Sdygvdrfhrnf/
pmwefu ]]oufaotaxmuftxm;awG tm;vkH;igrSefw,fvkdY
jyaeMuw,f}} [kajymqdkcsdefwGif ,kHMunfjcif;u ]]igbk&m;ocifajymwm
ukdyJ ,kHMunfqJjzpfw,f}} [kwkefYjyefygonf/ pmwefu ]]'DykHpHeJY
wkefYjyefwmwu,fhukd obm0usw,f}} [kajymcsdefwGif ,kHMunfjcif;u
]]ig'DvkdwkefYjyefp&m rvkdbl;vkdY bk&m;ocif&JU EIwfuywfawmfu ighukdajym
,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm;
354 355
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
jyxm;w,f}}[kwkefYjyefygonf/
,kHMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocifajymaom EIwfuywfawmfukd
,kHMunfonfomr[kwf? rjzpfEkdifaomt&mrsm;twGufvnf; bk&m;ocif
ukd ukd;pm;,kHMunfygonf/ þt&mrsm;onf vufvSrf;rrD? jzpfEkdifacs
r&Sd[k xifrSwf&aomtcsdefwGif ,kHMunfjcif;u bk&m;ociftwGuf rjzpf
Ekdifaomt&mr&Sd[k todtrSwfjyK 0efcHjcif;jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;onf
jzpfavhjzpfxr[kwfaom xl;qef;onfht&mrsm; jzpfysufaeaomtcsdef
üyif tqkH;wkdifwnfMunfygvdrfhrnf/ taMumif;rSm 4if;onft&mtm;vkH;
ukdjyKvkyfEkdifpGrf;aom bk&m;ociftay:ü r,drf;r,kdifpdwfcs,kHMunfae
aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ pmwefonf pdwfysuftm;avsmhapzkdY &SmBuHaom
tcsdefwGif ,kHMunfjcif;u ]]bk&m;ocifonf cyfodrf;aomtrIwkdYukd
wwfEkdifawmfrlonf}} [k wkefYjyefygonf (rmuk 10;27)/
,kHMunfjcif;onf rjzpfEkdifaomt&mrsm;ukdvnf; BudK;yrf;vkyf
aqmifygonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;onf 4if;\uefYowfcsuf(tm;enf;csuf)rsm;
ESihf tvkyfwm0ef\jzpfEkdifacs r&Sdjcif;wkdYukd odem;vnfxm;aomfvnf;
atmifjrifjcif;ukd&,l&eftwGuf ocifbk&m;\cGeftm;pGrf;yum;ü rqkwf
repfvkHHYvxkwfí vkyfaqmifygvdfrfhrnf/ pmwefu ]]tJ'Dt&mukd ,kHMunfzkdY
b,folUukdrS rif;rarQmfvihfEkdifygbl;}} [kajymcsdefwGif ,kHMunfjcif;u
]]bk&m;ocif&JUaus;Zl;awmftm;jzihf olwkdY,kHMunfrSmyg}} [kwkefYjyefyg
onf/ ,kHMunfjcif;onf oGm;&mvrf;aMumif;ay:ü ypfvTwfvkdufaom
twm;tqD;? taESmuft,Sufrsm;aMumifh aemufrqkwfwwfyg/
,kHMunfjcif;onf ypfvTwfvkdufaom pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;rsm;ukd ckef
ausmfí rjzpfEkdifaomt&mrsm;udkvkyfaqmifonfh bk&m;ociftay:ü
pdwfcs,kHMunfrIESihftwl onf;cHHBudK;yrf;ygonf/
,kHMunfjcif;ukd tHwkípmwefrnfonfht&mukd vkyfaqmifEkdif
oenf;/ þpdwfcs,kHMunf\a&SUarSmufwGif pmwefonf tpGrf;tprJhae
ygonf/ usKd;aMumif;qDavsmfrI&Sdaom jiif;ckHaqG;aEG;rIrsm;onf tvkyf
rjzpfyg/ pdwfysuftm;avsmhap&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? pdwftm½kHajymif;
vGJap&eftwGufvnf;aumif; BudK;yrf;rIonf ta&;edrfhoGm;&ygvdrfhrnf/
wyfrufrIESihf avmbvGefusL;jcif;wkdYonf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf Nidrf;owf
jcif;cHMuygrnf/ ,kHMunfjcif;'kdif;vTm;onf rD;awmufaeaom þjr§m;rsm;
ukd Nidrf;owfvkdufygonf/
,kHMunfjcif;onf rnfonfhae&mrS a&mufvmygoenf;/ uREkfyf
wkdY\yifukdoabmobm0wGif uREkfyfwkdYü,kHMunfjcif;r&SdaMumif;ukd
oifESihfuREkfyfodxm;Muonf/ 1aum 12;9 wGif ,kHMunfjcif;onf
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf vufcH&&Sd&aom 0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqk
aus;Zl;wpfckjzpfaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYzwf½I&onf/ tjcm;aompGrf;&nf
qkaus;Zl;rsm;enf;wl? ,kHMunfjcif;pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\touf
wmü &ifhusufjcif;odkYBuD;xGm;vm&ef avhusihfvkyfaqmifay;&rnfjzpf
onf/ a&mr 10;17 wGif &Sifaygvku ,kHMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfawmfukd Mum;emjcif;rSa&mufvmonf[k a&;om;cJhonf/ &Sif
,mukyfuvnf; uREkfyfwkdYü ,kHMunfjcif;&Sdonf[k ajymqkdMuaomfvnf;
toufwmü vufawGU&,lusihfokH;jcif;r&SdvQif uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;
onf tcsnf;ESD;jzpfonf[k ajymxm;ygonf (,mukyf 2;14-17)/ wpf
,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm;
356 357
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
jyxm;w,f}}[kwkefYjyefygonf/
,kHMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocifajymaom EIwfuywfawmfukd
,kHMunfonfomr[kwf? rjzpfEkdifaomt&mrsm;twGufvnf; bk&m;ocif
ukd ukd;pm;,kHMunfygonf/ þt&mrsm;onf vufvSrf;rrD? jzpfEkdifacs
r&Sd[k xifrSwf&aomtcsdefwGif ,kHMunfjcif;u bk&m;ociftwGuf rjzpf
Ekdifaomt&mr&Sd[k todtrSwfjyK 0efcHjcif;jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;onf
jzpfavhjzpfxr[kwfaom xl;qef;onfht&mrsm; jzpfysufaeaomtcsdef
üyif tqkH;wkdifwnfMunfygvdrfhrnf/ taMumif;rSm 4if;onft&mtm;vkH;
ukdjyKvkyfEkdifpGrf;aom bk&m;ociftay:ü r,drf;r,kdifpdwfcs,kHMunfae
aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ pmwefonf pdwfysuftm;avsmhapzkdY &SmBuHaom
tcsdefwGif ,kHMunfjcif;u ]]bk&m;ocifonf cyfodrf;aomtrIwkdYukd
wwfEkdifawmfrlonf}} [k wkefYjyefygonf (rmuk 10;27)/
,kHMunfjcif;onf rjzpfEkdifaomt&mrsm;ukdvnf; BudK;yrf;vkyf
aqmifygonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;onf 4if;\uefYowfcsuf(tm;enf;csuf)rsm;
ESihf tvkyfwm0ef\jzpfEkdifacs r&Sdjcif;wkdYukd odem;vnfxm;aomfvnf;
atmifjrifjcif;ukd&,l&eftwGuf ocifbk&m;\cGeftm;pGrf;yum;ü rqkwf
repfvkHHYvxkwfí vkyfaqmifygvdfrfhrnf/ pmwefu ]]tJ'Dt&mukd ,kHMunfzkdY
b,folUukdrS rif;rarQmfvihfEkdifygbl;}} [kajymcsdefwGif ,kHMunfjcif;u
]]bk&m;ocif&JUaus;Zl;awmftm;jzihf olwkdY,kHMunfrSmyg}} [kwkefYjyefyg
onf/ ,kHMunfjcif;onf oGm;&mvrf;aMumif;ay:ü ypfvTwfvkdufaom
twm;tqD;? taESmuft,Sufrsm;aMumifh aemufrqkwfwwfyg/
,kHMunfjcif;onf ypfvTwfvkdufaom pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;rsm;ukd ckef
ausmfí rjzpfEkdifaomt&mrsm;udkvkyfaqmifonfh bk&m;ociftay:ü
pdwfcs,kHMunfrIESihftwl onf;cHHBudK;yrf;ygonf/
,kHMunfjcif;ukd tHwkípmwefrnfonfht&mukd vkyfaqmifEkdif
oenf;/ þpdwfcs,kHMunf\a&SUarSmufwGif pmwefonf tpGrf;tprJhae
ygonf/ usKd;aMumif;qDavsmfrI&Sdaom jiif;ckHaqG;aEG;rIrsm;onf tvkyf
rjzpfyg/ pdwfysuftm;avsmhap&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? pdwftm½kHajymif;
vGJap&eftwGufvnf;aumif; BudK;yrf;rIonf ta&;edrfhoGm;&ygvdrfhrnf/
wyfrufrIESihf avmbvGefusL;jcif;wkdYonf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf Nidrf;owf
jcif;cHMuygrnf/ ,kHMunfjcif;'kdif;vTm;onf rD;awmufaeaom þjr§m;rsm;
ukd Nidrf;owfvkdufygonf/
,kHMunfjcif;onf rnfonfhae&mrS a&mufvmygoenf;/ uREkfyf
wkdY\yifukdoabmobm0wGif uREkfyfwkdYü,kHMunfjcif;r&SdaMumif;ukd
oifESihfuREkfyfodxm;Muonf/ 1aum 12;9 wGif ,kHMunfjcif;onf
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf vufcH&&Sd&aom 0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqk
aus;Zl;wpfckjzpfaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYzwf½I&onf/ tjcm;aompGrf;&nf
qkaus;Zl;rsm;enf;wl? ,kHMunfjcif;pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\touf
wmü &ifhusufjcif;odkYBuD;xGm;vm&ef avhusihfvkyfaqmifay;&rnfjzpf
onf/ a&mr 10;17 wGif &Sifaygvku ,kHMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfawmfukd Mum;emjcif;rSa&mufvmonf[k a&;om;cJhonf/ &Sif
,mukyfuvnf; uREkfyfwkdYü ,kHMunfjcif;&Sdonf[k ajymqkdMuaomfvnf;
toufwmü vufawGU&,lusihfokH;jcif;r&SdvQif uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;
onf tcsnf;ESD;jzpfonf[k ajymxm;ygonf (,mukyf 2;14-17)/ wpf
,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm;
356 357
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
enf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif? bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdYem;
axmifí uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü vufawGU&,lusihfokH;MuonfESihftrQ
,kHMunfjcif;onfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYü &ifhusufvmygonf/
þae&mü uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfxm;zkdY vkdtyfaomt&mrSm
pmwefonf rdrd\rD;awmufaeaom jr§m;rsm;jzihfuREkfyfukd tqufrjywf
ypfcwfaeonf[laom tcsufjzpfonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif xkdrD;awmuf
aeaom jr§m;rsm;ukdNidrf;owf zsufqD;ay;aomt&mrSm uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunf
jcif;wpfckwnf;omjzpfaeayvdfrfhrnf/ þ,kHMunfjcif;udk bk&m;ocifh
0dnmOfawmf\ pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;wpfcktjzpfESifh uREkfyfwkdYukday;tyfxm;
jcif;jzpfNyD;? bk&m;ocifajymaom EIwfuywfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunf
onfESihftrQ ,kHMunfjcif;vnf; &ifhusufBuD;xGm;vmygonf/
þ,kHMunfjcif;'kdif;vTm;ukd oifqGJukdifvQuf&SdaecJhygovm;/
bk&m;ociftm; rdrd\,kHMunfjcif;pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;jzihf oifhukdvTrf;NcHK
0wfqifay;&ef ,ckyifawmif;avQmufyg/ þt&monf c&pf,mefrsm;
0wfqif&rnfh ppf0wfwefqm\ vdktyfaomtpdwftykdif;wpfckjzpfonf/
þt&mrygyJ oifwkdufyGJukdrqifETJEkdifyg/ bk&m;ocifESihf bk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfawmfukd emcHjcif;jzihf oifwkefYjyefonfESihftrQ þqkawmif;
csufukdvnf; bk&m;ocifu ajzMum;ay;rnfhtaMumif; arQmfvifhxm;yg/
þ'kdif;vTm;ukd NrJNrJqkyfukdfifxm;yg/ bk&m;ociftay:ü xm;&Sdaom oihf&JU
pdwfcs,kHMunfrIrS oifhukdrnfonfht&murQ cgcscGihfray;ygESihf/ oifonf
bk&m;ocifESihf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuwyfawmfwGif ckdem;vQif bk&m;ocif
onf oifhtay:wGif ysufuGufrnfr[kwfyg/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
rD;awmufaeaom þjr§m;rsm;\rnfonfhoufaotaxmuf
txm;ukd oifhtoufwmü jrifawGU&ygoenf;/ OyrmtcsKdUukd
ay;yg/
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ae&mrSa&muf&Sdvmygoenf;/
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rnfokdYulnDay;ygoenf;/
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oifhukd pGrf;aqmifay;cJhonfhtcsdefrsm; oihftoufwmwGif&SdcJh
ygovm;/ Oyrmwpfckay;yg/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifESihf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfü oifh,kHMunfjcif;
BuD;xGm; wkd;yGm;vm&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/ ,kHMunf
jcif;onf 4if;udkvufcHrnfholwkdif;ESihf ta&;w,laqmif&Guf
rnfholwkdif;xHü vufaqmifwpfcktjzpf ay;tyfxm;jcif;
aMumifh ukd,fawmfukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
&efol\ rD;awmufaeaomjr§m;rsm;ukd od&SdrSwfrdí ckcHqD;wm;
&efulnDrpay;zkdY bk&m;ociftm;awmif;avQmufyg/
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,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm;
358 359
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
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axmifí uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü vufawGU&,lusihfokH;MuonfESihftrQ
,kHMunfjcif;onfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYü &ifhusufvmygonf/
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ypfcwfaeonf[laom tcsufjzpfonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif xkdrD;awmuf
aeaom jr§m;rsm;ukdNidrf;owf zsufqD;ay;aomt&mrSm uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunf
jcif;wpfckwnf;omjzpfaeayvdfrfhrnf/ þ,kHMunfjcif;udk bk&m;ocifh
0dnmOfawmf\ pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;wpfcktjzpfESifh uREkfyfwkdYukday;tyfxm;
jcif;jzpfNyD;? bk&m;ocifajymaom EIwfuywfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunf
onfESihftrQ ,kHMunfjcif;vnf; &ifhusufBuD;xGm;vmygonf/
þ,kHMunfjcif;'kdif;vTm;ukd oifqGJukdifvQuf&SdaecJhygovm;/
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0wfqif&rnfh ppf0wfwefqm\ vdktyfaomtpdwftykdif;wpfckjzpfonf/
þt&mrygyJ oifwkdufyGJukdrqifETJEkdifyg/ bk&m;ocifESihf bk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfawmfukd emcHjcif;jzihf oifwkefYjyefonfESihftrQ þqkawmif;
csufukdvnf; bk&m;ocifu ajzMum;ay;rnfhtaMumif; arQmfvifhxm;yg/
þ'kdif;vTm;ukd NrJNrJqkyfukdfifxm;yg/ bk&m;ociftay:ü xm;&Sdaom oihf&JU
pdwfcs,kHMunfrIrS oifhukdrnfonfht&murQ cgcscGihfray;ygESihf/ oifonf
bk&m;ocifESihf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuwyfawmfwGif ckdem;vQif bk&m;ocif
onf oifhtay:wGif ysufuGufrnfr[kwfyg/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
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ay;yg/
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ae&mrSa&muf&Sdvmygoenf;/
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rnfokdYulnDay;ygoenf;/
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oifhukd pGrf;aqmifay;cJhonfhtcsdefrsm; oihftoufwmwGif&SdcJh
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jcif;onf 4if;udkvufcHrnfholwkdif;ESihf ta&;w,laqmif&Guf
rnfholwkdif;xHü vufaqmifwpfcktjzpf ay;tyfxm;jcif;
aMumifh ukd,fawmfukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
&efol\ rD;awmufaeaomjr§m;rsm;ukd od&SdrSwfrdí ckcHqD;wm;
&efulnDrpay;zkdY bk&m;ociftm;awmif;avQmufyg/
&efol\ rD;awmufaeaom jr§m;rsm;jzihf wkdufckdufjcif;ukd cHae&
,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom'kdif;vTm;
358 359
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3131
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u,fwifjcif;wnf;[laom oHcarmufvkH;
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u,fwifjcif; oHcarmufvkH;ESihfpyfvsOf;í uREkfyfwkdYtao;pdwfaz:jy&ef
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360
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u,fwifjcif;wnf;[laom oHcarmufvkH;
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trif;csJUum;í zwf½Iae&efvkdtyfonf[k uREkfyfr,kHMunfyg/ &Sifaygvk
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u,fwifjcif; oHcarmufvkH;[k tb,faMumifh ajymcJhygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY
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tH0ifcGifusjzpfonf[laom tcsufr[kwf? xkdwefqmrsm;u rnfonfh
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360
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onf/ rdrdwkdY\ pGrf;pGrf;wrHBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;ukd bk&m;ocifu
owdjyKrdí þtHhzG,fu,fwifjcif;ukd qkvm'fwpfcktjzpfESihf w&m;0if
ay;tyfjcif;cH&rnf[k arQmfvihf&if; bk&m;ocifurdrd\EIwfuywfawmfü
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aexkdifMuzkdY BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMuygonf/ þae&mwGif &Sifaygvku {zuf
toif;om;rsm;tm; u,fwifjcif;onf 4if;wkdYBudK;pm;tm;xkwfí
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yef;csDum;wpfcsyftwGuf ukd,f[efjyay;jcif;jzihf 0ifaiG&Smvkdygovm;[k
ar;cJhonf/ tzkd;tkduvnf; oabmwlcJhNyD;? aemufwpfaeYwGif awGUMuzkdY
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acgufoHwpfck xGufay:vmcJhonf/ yef;csDq&mBuD;uvnf; wHcg;ukd
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rsm;ukd oyfoyf&yf&yf 0wfqifxm;aomolukd &yfvQufawGUvkduf&onf/
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ajymvkdufonf/ yef;csDq&mBuD;uvnf; xkdolYukdMunfh&if; ]]'DrSmcifAs?
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jcif;onf ]]ukd,fawmf? ukd,fawmfum;wkdifay:rSm taocHcJhjcif;ukd
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362 363
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364 365
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366 367
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u,fwifjcif;wnf;[laom oHcarmufvkH;
366 367
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
oihf&JU0dnmOfa&;em;rsm;yGifhvmcJhMuygonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf oihf&JUu,f
wifjcif;\ tmrcHcsufukd oifhxHüay;&onfukd aysmfarGUaeygonf/ oif
onf bk&m;ocif\om;orD;trSefjzpfaMumif; oifhtm;odap&onfukd
aysmfarGUaeygonf/ xkdtwGif;buf tmrcHcsufukd oihfpdwfESvkH;xJwGif
oifcHpm;&ygvdrfhrnf/ twGif;bufü oifESihf ocifc&pfawmf\ qufqH
&if;ESD;rIukd twnfjyKay;í oihf&JUu,fwifjcif;ukd tmrcHay;aeaom
t&monf bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ toHawmfyif jzpfonf/
aemufqkH;taejzifh? u,fwifjcif;oHcarmufvkH;ukd oif&,l
xm;NyDjzpfaMumif; oiftaotcsmodEkdifygonf/ taMumif;rSm oifonf
oihftoufwmü oufaotaxmuftxm;rsm;ukd awGUjrif&rnfjzpf
aomaMumihfjzpfonf/ oifhpdwfqE´rsm;ESihf &nfrSef;csufrsm;wGif tajymif;
tvJwpfckukd oifBuHKawGUcHpm;&ygvdrfhrnf/ ,cifuoifaysmfarGUcJhaom
t&mrsm;wGif ,ckoifaysmfarGUawmhrnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifESihfpyfqkdif
aom&mrsm;tm; eufeufeJeJqmavmifawmifhwjcif;ukd oifpwifcHpm;
&ygvdfrfhrnf/ oifhteD;wpf0kdufrS vlwkdYu xkdajymif;vJrIrsm;ukd jrifawGU
Muygvdfrhfrnf/ oifonfvlopfjzpfvmygvdrfhrnf/ ocifa,½Iu rdrd\
toufwmukd oifhtxJwGif &Sifoefapygvdrfhrnf/ þt&mrsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;í owdjyKxm;&efta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm þtoufwmajymif;
vJrIrsm;onf omíaumif;jrwfaomtoufwmukd &SifoefzkdYoihf&JU
ukd,fykdifBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;\ &vm'fr[kwfMuyg[laom tcsufjzpf
onf/ bk&m;ocif\ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf oifhukdtwGif;
o@mefüajymif;vJaeaomaMumifh þt&mrsm;jzpfysufvm&jcif;jzpf
onf/
þusrf;csufonf c&pf,mefrsm;tm; vdyfrlxm;onfukd rSwf
om;xm;&ayrnf/ tcef;i,f 10 wGif&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;
rsm;ukd nDtpfukdrsm;tjzpf vdyfrlajymqkdcJhonf/ xkdokdYqkdvQif? &Sifaygvk
onf u,fwifjcif;cH&NyD;aomolrsm;ukd 4if;wkdYu,fwifjcif;cH&NyD;csdefü
u,fwifjcif;oHcarmufvkH;ukd &,lMuzkdY tb,faMumihfajymcJhygoenf;/
þt&mukd Za0Z0gjzpfaecJhaomaMumihf ocifbk&m;xHü ar;avQmuf&ef
neufvrf;avQmufjcif;wpfckukd uREkfyfjyKvkyfcJhygonf/ Mu,fa&mifrsm;
ESihfawmufyaeaom aumif;uifukduREkfyfMunfhrdoGm;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
aexkdifaeMuaom pBuF0|mBuD;\us,fjyefYeuf½Idif;rIukd tHhtm;oifhaecJh
onf/ tqkH;tpr&Sdaom pBuF0|mBuD;xJwGif uREkfyfonftpuftajymuf
av;wpfckjzpfaecJhonf/ pBuF0|mBuD;\ us,fjyefYeufeJrIrsm;ukd rwfwyf
&yf&if; csifhcsdefpOf;pm;aecdsefwGif bk&m;ocifu ]]0def;? ig&JUu,fwifjcif;
u'D[meJYtwlwlyJ/ igh&JUu,fwifjcif;[m rif;twGufcHpm;cJhzl;aom
t&mrsm;tm;vkH;xufykdNyD; us,fjyefYw,f? ydkNyD;euf½Idif;w,f}} [kuREkfyf
ukdajymcJhonf/ þt&monf a&mr 11;33-35 &Sd&Sifaygvk\ tawGU
tBuHKESihfqifwlonf/ &Sifaygvku ocifbk&m;onf rdrdBuHKawGUcHpm;Ekdif
cJhrnfht&mtm;vkH;xufykdí BuD;rm;aMumif;ukd em;vnfoabmaygufcJh
onf/
c&pf,mefwpfOD;taejzihf touf&Sif&onfhaeYwkdif;onf þtHh
zG,fu,fwifjcif;ukd topfBuHKawGUcHpm;&ef aeYopfwpfaeYjzpfaeygonf/
aeY&ufwkdif;onf þa&wGif;xJrS eufoxufeufaomteufrS a&ukd
cyf,l&aomtcGihfta&;wpfckjzpfonf/ uREkfyf\toufwm&Sd þu,f
wifjcif;\tusKd;&vm'fjzpfaom Nidrfoufjcif;ESihftjypfvTwfjcif;topf
u,fwifjcif;wnf;[laom oHcarmufvkH;
368 369
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
oihf&JU0dnmOfa&;em;rsm;yGifhvmcJhMuygonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf oihf&JUu,f
wifjcif;\ tmrcHcsufukd oifhxHüay;&onfukd aysmfarGUaeygonf/ oif
onf bk&m;ocif\om;orD;trSefjzpfaMumif; oifhtm;odap&onfukd
aysmfarGUaeygonf/ xkdtwGif;buf tmrcHcsufukd oihfpdwfESvkH;xJwGif
oifcHpm;&ygvdrfhrnf/ twGif;bufü oifESihf ocifc&pfawmf\ qufqH
&if;ESD;rIukd twnfjyKay;í oihf&JUu,fwifjcif;ukd tmrcHay;aeaom
t&monf bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ toHawmfyif jzpfonf/
aemufqkH;taejzifh? u,fwifjcif;oHcarmufvkH;ukd oif&,l
xm;NyDjzpfaMumif; oiftaotcsmodEkdifygonf/ taMumif;rSm oifonf
oihftoufwmü oufaotaxmuftxm;rsm;ukd awGUjrif&rnfjzpf
aomaMumihfjzpfonf/ oifhpdwfqE´rsm;ESihf &nfrSef;csufrsm;wGif tajymif;
tvJwpfckukd oifBuHKawGUcHpm;&ygvdrfhrnf/ ,cifuoifaysmfarGUcJhaom
t&mrsm;wGif ,ckoifaysmfarGUawmhrnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifESihfpyfqkdif
aom&mrsm;tm; eufeufeJeJqmavmifawmifhwjcif;ukd oifpwifcHpm;
&ygvdfrfhrnf/ oifhteD;wpf0kdufrS vlwkdYu xkdajymif;vJrIrsm;ukd jrifawGU
Muygvdfrhfrnf/ oifonfvlopfjzpfvmygvdrfhrnf/ ocifa,½Iu rdrd\
toufwmukd oifhtxJwGif &Sifoefapygvdrfhrnf/ þt&mrsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;í owdjyKxm;&efta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm þtoufwmajymif;
vJrIrsm;onf omíaumif;jrwfaomtoufwmukd &SifoefzkdYoihf&JU
ukd,fykdifBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;\ &vm'fr[kwfMuyg[laom tcsufjzpf
onf/ bk&m;ocif\ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf oifhukdtwGif;
o@mefüajymif;vJaeaomaMumifh þt&mrsm;jzpfysufvm&jcif;jzpf
onf/
þusrf;csufonf c&pf,mefrsm;tm; vdyfrlxm;onfukd rSwf
om;xm;&ayrnf/ tcef;i,f 10 wGif&Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;
rsm;ukd nDtpfukdrsm;tjzpf vdyfrlajymqkdcJhonf/ xkdokdYqkdvQif? &Sifaygvk
onf u,fwifjcif;cH&NyD;aomolrsm;ukd 4if;wkdYu,fwifjcif;cH&NyD;csdefü
u,fwifjcif;oHcarmufvkH;ukd &,lMuzkdY tb,faMumihfajymcJhygoenf;/
þt&mukd Za0Z0gjzpfaecJhaomaMumihf ocifbk&m;xHü ar;avQmuf&ef
neufvrf;avQmufjcif;wpfckukd uREkfyfjyKvkyfcJhygonf/ Mu,fa&mifrsm;
ESihfawmufyaeaom aumif;uifukduREkfyfMunfhrdoGm;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
aexkdifaeMuaom pBuF0|mBuD;\us,fjyefYeuf½Idif;rIukd tHhtm;oifhaecJh
onf/ tqkH;tpr&Sdaom pBuF0|mBuD;xJwGif uREkfyfonftpuftajymuf
av;wpfckjzpfaecJhonf/ pBuF0|mBuD;\ us,fjyefYeufeJrIrsm;ukd rwfwyf
&yf&if; csifhcsdefpOf;pm;aecdsefwGif bk&m;ocifu ]]0def;? ig&JUu,fwifjcif;
u'D[meJYtwlwlyJ/ igh&JUu,fwifjcif;[m rif;twGufcHpm;cJhzl;aom
t&mrsm;tm;vkH;xufykdNyD; us,fjyefYw,f? ydkNyD;euf½Idif;w,f}} [kuREkfyf
ukdajymcJhonf/ þt&monf a&mr 11;33-35 &Sd&Sifaygvk\ tawGU
tBuHKESihfqifwlonf/ &Sifaygvku ocifbk&m;onf rdrdBuHKawGUcHpm;Ekdif
cJhrnfht&mtm;vkH;xufykdí BuD;rm;aMumif;ukd em;vnfoabmaygufcJh
onf/
c&pf,mefwpfOD;taejzihf touf&Sif&onfhaeYwkdif;onf þtHh
zG,fu,fwifjcif;ukd topfBuHKawGUcHpm;&ef aeYopfwpfaeYjzpfaeygonf/
aeY&ufwkdif;onf þa&wGif;xJrS eufoxufeufaomteufrS a&ukd
cyf,l&aomtcGihfta&;wpfckjzpfonf/ uREkfyf\toufwm&Sd þu,f
wifjcif;\tusKd;&vm'fjzpfaom Nidrfoufjcif;ESihftjypfvTwfjcif;topf
u,fwifjcif;wnf;[laom oHcarmufvkH;
368 369
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
ukdaeYpOf uREkfyf&,l&onf/ uREkfyf\u,fwifjcif;onf tjypf'kp½kdufrS
u,fEIwfay;jcif;ESihf bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmf&Sdaom tem*wf
wpfcktwGuf arQmfvifhcsuftopfukd uREkfyftm;aeYpOfay;ygonf/ tjypf
'kp½kduf\ uRefjyKcH&jcif;? aojcif;? xm0&trsufawmfrS uREkfyfukdu,f
wifay;cJhaom ukd,fawmfxHü aeYpOftopfaomtyfESHrIukd uREkfyfjyKonf
ESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdYonf þr,kHEkdifzG,f&m u,fwifjcif;ukd ykdíykdí BuHKawGU
cHpm;&ygonf/ uREkfyfonf eufoxufeufeufwl;í uREkfyf\toufwm
ü þu,fwifjcif;\ toD;tyGihfukd ykdíykdívufcH&&SdonfESihftrQ uREkfyf
onf ewfqkd;\n§dKU,lqGJaqmifrIukd ykdíckcHqD;wm;vmEkdifygonf/
zdvdyÜd 3;12-14 wGif &Sifaygvku rdrdonfocifc&pfawmfESihf
pyfqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukd zrf;ukdifEkdifzkdY tifwkduftm;wkdufajy;í vkduf
vQuf&SdaeaMumif; zdvdyÜdtoif;om;rsm;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ olonfa&SUü
&Sdaeaomt&mrsm;qDokdY tm;pkdufaecJhygonf/ olonfyef;wkef;wkdifqDokdY
tifwkduftm;wkduf qufoGm;aecJhygonf/ &Sifaygvku zdvdyÜdtoif;om;
rsm;ukd a&SUokdYqufoGm;Mu&ef ajymcJhygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\
tjypfvTwfjcif;ESihf Nidrfoufjcif;a&wGif;ukd b,faomtcgwGifrQ ukefcrf;
apEkdifMurnfr[kwfyg/ þu,fwifjcif;ESihfpyfqkdifaom uREkfyfwkdY\
tawGUtBuHKonf þb0þtoufwmwGif vkH;vkH;jynfhpkHvdrfhrnf r[kwf
yg/ ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdaom t&mtm;vkH;ukd oabmayguf em;vnfí
BuHKawGUcHpm;&ef xm0&umv yifvQifvkHavmufrnf r[kwfyg/
ocifbk&m;ukd ,kHMunfvufcHí xkdae&mokdYrdrdwkdYa&muf&SdaeMu
NyD[k xifrSwfaeaomolrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ olwkdYonf ,ckvuf&Sdxuf vkH;vkH;
rBuD;xGm;vmMuawmhyg/ olwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmfü uav;oli,frsm;
tjzpf qufvuf&SdaecJhMuNyD;? &efol\t"duypfrSwfrsm;jzpfvmMu&onf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf umuG,fapmifhrjcif;ukdcHvkdvQif þoHcarmufvkH;ukd &,l
MuzkdY vkdtyfonf[k&Sifaygvku ajymjyaeygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þu,f
wifjcif;a&wGif;rS aeYpOfeufeufeJeJcyf,lMu&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocif\
þu,fwifjcif;u 4if;\toD;tyGifhukd uREkfyfwkdYtxJüaeYpOf oD;yGihf&ef
uREkfyfwkdYtcGihfay;zkdY vdktyfonf/
u,fwifjcif; oHcarmufvkH;onf tajccHtkwfjrpfESihfoufqkdif
onf/ þt&mr&SdvQif oifonfocifc&pfawmfrygaom xm0&umv
wpfckukd jzwfoef;&ef vsmxm;owfrSwfcHxm;&ygonf/ oihf&JUu,fwif
jcif;ukd oifpdwfcsxm;zkdY&ef tb,frQta&;BuD;oenf;/ ,aeYwGif
oifonf bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;wpfa,mufjzpfaeonfukd odxm;yg
ovm;/ vlwkdif;onf bk&m;ocif\om;orD;r[kwfMuyg/ rdrdwkdY\
tjypf'kp½kkduf twGuf ocifc&pfawmfu ukd,fpm;ay;cJhaom tzkd;tcukd
,kHMunfjcif;jzihfvSrf;,lí vufcH&&Sdaomolrsm;uom þu,fwifjcif;ukd
od&Sdem;vnfEkdifMuonf/
oifonf ocifa,½IxH vufurf;cJhygovm;/ bk&m;ocif\
rdom;pktwGif;&Sd oihf&JUae&mukdoifhtxJrS bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfu
oihfukdtckdiftrmajymjyygovm;/ ocifa,½Ionf oifhtxJü&Sifoefí
tjypf'kp½kdufrS oihfukda&G;EIwfaeaMumif; oufaotaxmuftxm;ukd
oifjrifawGUygovm;/ oifonf oefY&Sif;pifMu,faomtawG;? oefY&Sif;
pifMu,faompum;? oefY&Sif;pifMu,faomtjyKtrlwkdYü þu,fwifjcif;
\rsufarSmuf ppfrSefrIukdaeYpOfBuHKawGUcHpm;&ygovm;/ þar;cGef;rsm;
u,fwifjcif;wnf;[laom oHcarmufvkH;
370 371
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
ukdaeYpOf uREkfyf&,l&onf/ uREkfyf\u,fwifjcif;onf tjypf'kp½kdufrS
u,fEIwfay;jcif;ESihf bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmf&Sdaom tem*wf
wpfcktwGuf arQmfvifhcsuftopfukd uREkfyftm;aeYpOfay;ygonf/ tjypf
'kp½kduf\ uRefjyKcH&jcif;? aojcif;? xm0&trsufawmfrS uREkfyfukdu,f
wifay;cJhaom ukd,fawmfxHü aeYpOftopfaomtyfESHrIukd uREkfyfjyKonf
ESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdYonf þr,kHEkdifzG,f&m u,fwifjcif;ukd ykdíykdí BuHKawGU
cHpm;&ygonf/ uREkfyfonf eufoxufeufeufwl;í uREkfyf\toufwm
ü þu,fwifjcif;\ toD;tyGihfukd ykdíykdívufcH&&SdonfESihftrQ uREkfyf
onf ewfqkd;\n§dKU,lqGJaqmifrIukd ykdíckcHqD;wm;vmEkdifygonf/
zdvdyÜd 3;12-14 wGif &Sifaygvku rdrdonfocifc&pfawmfESihf
pyfqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukd zrf;ukdifEkdifzkdY tifwkduftm;wkdufajy;í vkduf
vQuf&SdaeaMumif; zdvdyÜdtoif;om;rsm;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ olonfa&SUü
&Sdaeaomt&mrsm;qDokdY tm;pkdufaecJhygonf/ olonfyef;wkef;wkdifqDokdY
tifwkduftm;wkduf qufoGm;aecJhygonf/ &Sifaygvku zdvdyÜdtoif;om;
rsm;ukd a&SUokdYqufoGm;Mu&ef ajymcJhygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\
tjypfvTwfjcif;ESihf Nidrfoufjcif;a&wGif;ukd b,faomtcgwGifrQ ukefcrf;
apEkdifMurnfr[kwfyg/ þu,fwifjcif;ESihfpyfqkdifaom uREkfyfwkdY\
tawGUtBuHKonf þb0þtoufwmwGif vkH;vkH;jynfhpkHvdrfhrnf r[kwf
yg/ ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdaom t&mtm;vkH;ukd oabmayguf em;vnfí
BuHKawGUcHpm;&ef xm0&umv yifvQifvkHavmufrnf r[kwfyg/
ocifbk&m;ukd ,kHMunfvufcHí xkdae&mokdYrdrdwkdYa&muf&SdaeMu
NyD[k xifrSwfaeaomolrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ olwkdYonf ,ckvuf&Sdxuf vkH;vkH;
rBuD;xGm;vmMuawmhyg/ olwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmfü uav;oli,frsm;
tjzpf qufvuf&SdaecJhMuNyD;? &efol\t"duypfrSwfrsm;jzpfvmMu&onf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf umuG,fapmifhrjcif;ukdcHvkdvQif þoHcarmufvkH;ukd &,l
MuzkdY vkdtyfonf[k&Sifaygvku ajymjyaeygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þu,f
wifjcif;a&wGif;rS aeYpOfeufeufeJeJcyf,lMu&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocif\
þu,fwifjcif;u 4if;\toD;tyGifhukd uREkfyfwkdYtxJüaeYpOf oD;yGihf&ef
uREkfyfwkdYtcGihfay;zkdY vdktyfonf/
u,fwifjcif; oHcarmufvkH;onf tajccHtkwfjrpfESihfoufqkdif
onf/ þt&mr&SdvQif oifonfocifc&pfawmfrygaom xm0&umv
wpfckukd jzwfoef;&ef vsmxm;owfrSwfcHxm;&ygonf/ oihf&JUu,fwif
jcif;ukd oifpdwfcsxm;zkdY&ef tb,frQta&;BuD;oenf;/ ,aeYwGif
oifonf bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;wpfa,mufjzpfaeonfukd odxm;yg
ovm;/ vlwkdif;onf bk&m;ocif\om;orD;r[kwfMuyg/ rdrdwkdY\
tjypf'kp½kkduf twGuf ocifc&pfawmfu ukd,fpm;ay;cJhaom tzkd;tcukd
,kHMunfjcif;jzihfvSrf;,lí vufcH&&Sdaomolrsm;uom þu,fwifjcif;ukd
od&Sdem;vnfEkdifMuonf/
oifonf ocifa,½IxH vufurf;cJhygovm;/ bk&m;ocif\
rdom;pktwGif;&Sd oihf&JUae&mukdoifhtxJrS bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfu
oihfukdtckdiftrmajymjyygovm;/ ocifa,½Ionf oifhtxJü&Sifoefí
tjypf'kp½kdufrS oihfukda&G;EIwfaeaMumif; oufaotaxmuftxm;ukd
oifjrifawGUygovm;/ oifonf oefY&Sif;pifMu,faomtawG;? oefY&Sif;
pifMu,faompum;? oefY&Sif;pifMu,faomtjyKtrlwkdYü þu,fwifjcif;
\rsufarSmuf ppfrSefrIukdaeYpOfBuHKawGUcHpm;&ygovm;/ þar;cGef;rsm;
u,fwifjcif;wnf;[laom oHcarmufvkH;
370 371
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
ukd oifrnfokdYajz&rnfukd raocsmvQif ,ckcsufcsif; ocifbk&m;xHokdY
oGm;zkdYoifhukd uREkfyfpdefac:wkdufwGef;ygonf/ oifhtjypfrsm;ukd 0efcs
awmif;yefí ,kHMunfrnfholrsm;tm;vkH;xHü tcrJhay;oem;xm;aom
u,fwifjcif;oHcarmufvkH;ukd vufcH&,lzkdY vufurf;ay;vkdufyg/ xkd
oHcarmufvkH;ukdaqmif;í ,kHMunfpdwfcsrI&Sd&Sdjzihf 0wfqifvkdufyg/
xkdt&monf bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;wpfa,mufjzpfaom oifhtajc
taeukdjyonfh oauFwwpfckjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;ay;oem;awmfrlaom u,fwifjcif;ukd oifvufcH
&&SdcJhzl;ygovm;/ oifrnfokdYodoenf;/ oifhtoufwmü
þu,fwifjcif;\ oufaotaxmuftxm;u tb,fenf;/
þESpfumvrsm;ü þu,fwifjcif;taMumif; oifem;vnf
oabmaygufxm;ykHwGif BuD;xGm;wkd;wufrI &SdaecJhygovm;/
þu,fwifjcif;onf ,cifutcsdefrsm;xuf ,ckwGifykdí
wefzkd;&Sdaeygovm;/
,aeYwGif þu,fwifjcif;\ rnfonfhtoD;tyGihfukd oifBuHK
awGUcHpm;&ygoenf;/
þu,fwifjcif;ESihf uREkfyfwkdYaeYpOfqufvufí BuHKawGUcHpm;
ae&onfh 4if;\toD;tyGihfu uREkfyfwkdYukd&efol\ wkdufckdufrI
rsm;rS rnfokdYumuG,fay;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ukd,fawmf&Sifay;oem;awmfrlaom tHhzG,fu,fwifjcif;twGuf
ukd,fawmfukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oihf&JUu,fwifjcif;twGuf ocifa,½IutxajrmufjynfhpkHap
cJhaomt&mtwGuf aeYpOftopfaomaus;Zl;wifpdwfukd oihf
tm;ay;oem;&ef bk&m;ocifxHüawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifu oihfukday;oem;cJhonfh u,fwifjcif;ESihf pyf
vsOf;aom oihf&JUtawGUtBuHKESihf xkdu,fwifjcif;\ toD;tyGihf
ü oifhukdBuD;xGm;&ifhusufvm&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukd
awmif;avQmufyg/
ocifbk&m;\ u,fwifjcif;ukd rodao;aom rdwfaqG(okdY)
aqGrsKd;wpfa,muftwGuf qkawmif;ay;&ef tcsdef,lyg/
u,fwifjcif;wnf;[laom oHcarmufvkH;
372 373
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
ukd oifrnfokdYajz&rnfukd raocsmvQif ,ckcsufcsif; ocifbk&m;xHokdY
oGm;zkdYoifhukd uREkfyfpdefac:wkdufwGef;ygonf/ oifhtjypfrsm;ukd 0efcs
awmif;yefí ,kHMunfrnfholrsm;tm;vkH;xHü tcrJhay;oem;xm;aom
u,fwifjcif;oHcarmufvkH;ukd vufcH&,lzkdY vufurf;ay;vkdufyg/ xkd
oHcarmufvkH;ukdaqmif;í ,kHMunfpdwfcsrI&Sd&Sdjzihf 0wfqifvkdufyg/
xkdt&monf bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;wpfa,mufjzpfaom oifhtajc
taeukdjyonfh oauFwwpfckjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;ay;oem;awmfrlaom u,fwifjcif;ukd oifvufcH
&&SdcJhzl;ygovm;/ oifrnfokdYodoenf;/ oifhtoufwmü
þu,fwifjcif;\ oufaotaxmuftxm;u tb,fenf;/
þESpfumvrsm;ü þu,fwifjcif;taMumif; oifem;vnf
oabmaygufxm;ykHwGif BuD;xGm;wkd;wufrI &SdaecJhygovm;/
þu,fwifjcif;onf ,cifutcsdefrsm;xuf ,ckwGifykdí
wefzkd;&Sdaeygovm;/
,aeYwGif þu,fwifjcif;\ rnfonfhtoD;tyGihfukd oifBuHK
awGUcHpm;&ygoenf;/
þu,fwifjcif;ESihf uREkfyfwkdYaeYpOfqufvufí BuHKawGUcHpm;
ae&onfh 4if;\toD;tyGihfu uREkfyfwkdYukd&efol\ wkdufckdufrI
rsm;rS rnfokdYumuG,fay;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ukd,fawmf&Sifay;oem;awmfrlaom tHhzG,fu,fwifjcif;twGuf
ukd,fawmfukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oihf&JUu,fwifjcif;twGuf ocifa,½IutxajrmufjynfhpkHap
cJhaomt&mtwGuf aeYpOftopfaomaus;Zl;wifpdwfukd oihf
tm;ay;oem;&ef bk&m;ocifxHüawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifu oihfukday;oem;cJhonfh u,fwifjcif;ESihf pyf
vsOf;aom oihf&JUtawGUtBuHKESihf xkdu,fwifjcif;\ toD;tyGihf
ü oifhukdBuD;xGm;&ifhusufvm&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukd
awmif;avQmufyg/
ocifbk&m;\ u,fwifjcif;ukd rodao;aom rdwfaqG(okdY)
aqGrsKd;wpfa,muftwGuf qkawmif;ay;&ef tcsdef,lyg/
u,fwifjcif;wnf;[laom oHcarmufvkH;
372 373
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
3232
3232
32
0dnmOfawmf\"g;0dnmOfawmf\"g;
0dnmOfawmf\"g;0dnmOfawmf\"g;
0dnmOfawmf\"g;
{zuf 6;17 ukdzwf½Iyg/
ppf0wfpkH\aemufqkH;wefqmrSm 0dnmOfawmf\"g;jzpfonf/
þ"g;onf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfjzpfonf[k &Sifaygvku uREkfyf
wkdYukdajymjyaeygonf/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukd ]]tb,fhaMumihf
0dnmOfawmf\"g;}} [kqkdxm;ygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUarSmufü&Sdaom
wkdufyGJwGif xkd"g;uuREkfyfwkdYukd rnfokdYulnDay;ygoenf;/ þar;cGef;rsm;
ukd tenf;i,ftao;pdwfí pOf;pm;okH;oyfMuygpkdY/
þae&mwGif ]]bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf}} ukdrnfonfh t&m
[kajymxm;ygoenf;/ ]]bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf}} [laom pum;
pkukdor®musrf;pmwGif rIwfoGif;awmfrlxm;aom or®musrf;pmrsm;ukd
trsm;qkH;&nfñTef;ygonf (a[&Sm, 40;8? rmuk 7;13)/ okdYaomf?
&Sifaygvkuþpum;pkukd {0Ha*vdw&m;tm;a[majym jcif;ukd &nfñTef;
&eftwGufvnf; tokH;jyKcJhygonf (2aum 2;17? zdvdyÜd 1;14)/ þ
usrf;ykd'fü &nfñTef;ajymqkdxm;onfh ]]EIwfuywfawmf}} qkdonfrSm or®m
usrf;pmESihf 4if;\oGefoifcsufrsm;jzpfonf[k pdwfcspGmajymEkdifygonf/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd ]]0dnmOfawmf\"g;}} [k tb,f
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
3232
3232
32
0dnmOfawmf\"g;0dnmOfawmf\"g;
0dnmOfawmf\"g;0dnmOfawmf\"g;
0dnmOfawmf\"g;
{zuf 6;17 ukdzwf½Iyg/
ppf0wfpkH\aemufqkH;wefqmrSm 0dnmOfawmf\"g;jzpfonf/
þ"g;onf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfjzpfonf[k &Sifaygvku uREkfyf
wkdYukdajymjyaeygonf/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukd ]]tb,fhaMumihf
0dnmOfawmf\"g;}} [kqkdxm;ygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUarSmufü&Sdaom
wkdufyGJwGif xkd"g;uuREkfyfwkdYukd rnfokdYulnDay;ygoenf;/ þar;cGef;rsm;
ukd tenf;i,ftao;pdwfí pOf;pm;okH;oyfMuygpkdY/
þae&mwGif ]]bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf}} ukdrnfonfh t&m
[kajymxm;ygoenf;/ ]]bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf}} [laom pum;
pkukdor®musrf;pmwGif rIwfoGif;awmfrlxm;aom or®musrf;pmrsm;ukd
trsm;qkH;&nfñTef;ygonf (a[&Sm, 40;8? rmuk 7;13)/ okdYaomf?
&Sifaygvkuþpum;pkukd {0Ha*vdw&m;tm;a[majym jcif;ukd &nfñTef;
&eftwGufvnf; tokH;jyKcJhygonf (2aum 2;17? zdvdyÜd 1;14)/ þ
usrf;ykd'fü &nfñTef;ajymqkdxm;onfh ]]EIwfuywfawmf}} qkdonfrSm or®m
usrf;pmESihf 4if;\oGefoifcsufrsm;jzpfonf[k pdwfcspGmajymEkdifygonf/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd ]]0dnmOfawmf\"g;}} [k tb,f
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
aMumifhac:qkdoenf;/ þae&mü ]]0dnmOfawmf}} [laom&nfñTef;csuf
onf ]]oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf}} jzpfaMumif; uREkfyfwkdY em;vnfoabm
aygufMuygonf/ or®musrf;pmukd ]]oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\"g;}}
[kac:qkd&mwGif t"dutaMumif;t&if;ESpfck&Sdonf/
yxrrSm? 0dnmOfawmfonf þor®musrf;pmukd a&;om;zefwD;
oljzpfonf/ þtcsufonf 2ay 1;20-21 &Sdwrefawmfayw½k\
&Sif;vif;jywfom;aom oGefoifcsufjzpfonf/
usrf;pmüygaom tem*wådpum;rnfonfum;? ukd,ftvkd
tavsmufteufray:[k a&SUOD;pGmodrSwfMuavmh/ taMumif;rl
um;? tem*wådpum;onf vltvkdtm;jzihf jzpfbl;onfr[kwf/
bk&m;ocif\ oefY&Sif;olwkdYonf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\
wkdufwGef;awmfrljcif;ukd cH&ía[majymMu\/
,aeYwGif uREkfyfwkdYü&Sdxm;aom "r®a[mif;ESihf"r®opfusrf;[l
aomor®musrf;pmukd oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu rIwfoGif;xm;ygonf/
0dnmOfawmfonf þESpfusrf;vkH;\ a&;om;zefwD;oltrSefjzpfonf/ þ
taMumif;t&if;aMumihf þusrf;csufwGif ]]EIwfuywfawmf}}[laom
pum;vkH;onf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESihf pyfqkdifonf[k rSwf,lxm
onf/
'kwd,taejzifh? 0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocifhvlrsKd;rsm;\
toufwmü bk&m;ocif\trIawmfukd txajrmufjynfhpkHvmap&ef
twGuf EIwfuywfawmfukd tokH;jyK&efa&G;cs,fí vkyfykdifcGihftmPm
ay;xm;aomaMumifh bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd 0dnmOfawmf\
"g;[kac:qkd&jcif;jzpfonf/ a,m[ef 17;17 u uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;
ocif\ EIwfuywfawmftm;jzihf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif; (ocifc&pfawmf
ESihf ykdío@mefwlvm&ef vkyfaqmifjcif;) tjzpfokdY a&muf&SdMu&onf[k
qkdxm;onf/ 2wd 3;16-17 wGif or®musrf;pmESihf pyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvk
uuREkfyfwkdYtm; ajymjyxm;onfht&mukd em;axmifMunfhyg/
xdkusrf;pm&SdorQonf bk&m;ocifrIwfoGif;awmfrlaomtm;jzifh
jzpfí? bk&m;ocif\vlwdkYonf pHkvifaomol? aumif;aomtrI
trsKd;rsKd;wdkYudkjyKpkjcif;tvdkYiSg jyifqifaomoljzpfrnfhtaMumif;?
Mo0g'ay;jcif;? tjypfudkazmfjyjcif;? ajzmufhrwfpGmjyKjyifjcif;?
w&m;udkoGefoifjcif;ausZl;rsm;udkjyKwwf\/
þae&mwGif bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf (or®musrf;pm)
onf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmukd ocifc&pfawmfü rGrf;rHwyfqif&ef[laom
&nf&G,fcsufukd &Sdxm;aMumif; &SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYukd tvGef&Sif;vif;
jywfom;pGm ajymjyxm;ygonf/ þor®musrf;pmrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\
toufwmü xnfhoGif;usihfokH;apjcif;rSm oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\
trIawmfjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf þor®musrf;pmrsm;xJokdY toufukd
rIwfoGif;í uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;xJü pkdufysKd;umtoD;tyGihfukd oD;yGifhap
ygonf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifrIomrygvQif? or®m
usrf;pm\ pum;vkH;rsm;onf vlom;rsm;\toufwmü eufeJaom
0dnmOfa&;tusKd;oufa&mufrIukd ay;EkdifMurnfr[kwfyg/
1aum 2;14 wGif þokdYzwf½I&onf/
Zmwdyuwdvlonf bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmft&mwkdYukd
0dnmOfawmf\"g;
376 377
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
aMumifhac:qkdoenf;/ þae&mü ]]0dnmOfawmf}} [laom&nfñTef;csuf
onf ]]oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf}} jzpfaMumif; uREkfyfwkdY em;vnfoabm
aygufMuygonf/ or®musrf;pmukd ]]oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\"g;}}
[kac:qkd&mwGif t"dutaMumif;t&if;ESpfck&Sdonf/
yxrrSm? 0dnmOfawmfonf þor®musrf;pmukd a&;om;zefwD;
oljzpfonf/ þtcsufonf 2ay 1;20-21 &Sdwrefawmfayw½k\
&Sif;vif;jywfom;aom oGefoifcsufjzpfonf/
usrf;pmüygaom tem*wådpum;rnfonfum;? ukd,ftvkd
tavsmufteufray:[k a&SUOD;pGmodrSwfMuavmh/ taMumif;rl
um;? tem*wådpum;onf vltvkdtm;jzihf jzpfbl;onfr[kwf/
bk&m;ocif\ oefY&Sif;olwkdYonf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\
wkdufwGef;awmfrljcif;ukd cH&ía[majymMu\/
,aeYwGif uREkfyfwkdYü&Sdxm;aom "r®a[mif;ESihf"r®opfusrf;[l
aomor®musrf;pmukd oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu rIwfoGif;xm;ygonf/
0dnmOfawmfonf þESpfusrf;vkH;\ a&;om;zefwD;oltrSefjzpfonf/ þ
taMumif;t&if;aMumihf þusrf;csufwGif ]]EIwfuywfawmf}}[laom
pum;vkH;onf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESihf pyfqkdifonf[k rSwf,lxm
onf/
'kwd,taejzifh? 0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocifhvlrsKd;rsm;\
toufwmü bk&m;ocif\trIawmfukd txajrmufjynfhpkHvmap&ef
twGuf EIwfuywfawmfukd tokH;jyK&efa&G;cs,fí vkyfykdifcGihftmPm
ay;xm;aomaMumifh bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd 0dnmOfawmf\
"g;[kac:qkd&jcif;jzpfonf/ a,m[ef 17;17 u uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;
ocif\ EIwfuywfawmftm;jzihf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif; (ocifc&pfawmf
ESihf ykdío@mefwlvm&ef vkyfaqmifjcif;) tjzpfokdY a&muf&SdMu&onf[k
qkdxm;onf/ 2wd 3;16-17 wGif or®musrf;pmESihf pyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvk
uuREkfyfwkdYtm; ajymjyxm;onfht&mukd em;axmifMunfhyg/
xdkusrf;pm&SdorQonf bk&m;ocifrIwfoGif;awmfrlaomtm;jzifh
jzpfí? bk&m;ocif\vlwdkYonf pHkvifaomol? aumif;aomtrI
trsKd;rsKd;wdkYudkjyKpkjcif;tvdkYiSg jyifqifaomoljzpfrnfhtaMumif;?
Mo0g'ay;jcif;? tjypfudkazmfjyjcif;? ajzmufhrwfpGmjyKjyifjcif;?
w&m;udkoGefoifjcif;ausZl;rsm;udkjyKwwf\/
þae&mwGif bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf (or®musrf;pm)
onf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmukd ocifc&pfawmfü rGrf;rHwyfqif&ef[laom
&nf&G,fcsufukd &Sdxm;aMumif; &SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYukd tvGef&Sif;vif;
jywfom;pGm ajymjyxm;ygonf/ þor®musrf;pmrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\
toufwmü xnfhoGif;usihfokH;apjcif;rSm oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\
trIawmfjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf þor®musrf;pmrsm;xJokdY toufukd
rIwfoGif;í uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;xJü pkdufysKd;umtoD;tyGihfukd oD;yGifhap
ygonf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifrIomrygvQif? or®m
usrf;pm\ pum;vkH;rsm;onf vlom;rsm;\toufwmü eufeJaom
0dnmOfa&;tusKd;oufa&mufrIukd ay;EkdifMurnfr[kwfyg/
1aum 2;14 wGif þokdYzwf½I&onf/
Zmwdyuwdvlonf bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmft&mwkdYukd
0dnmOfawmf\"g;
376 377
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
rcHr,l/ xkdt&mwkdYonf rkdfufrJaomt&mjzpfonf[k xifwwf
\/ xkdt&mwkdYukd 0dnmOftm;jzihfom ykdif;jcm;í em;vnfEkdifaom
aMumifh? Zmwdyuwdvlonf em;rvnfEkdif/
or®musrf;pmukd uREkfyfwkdYppfrSefpGm em;vnfEkdifonfhwpfckwnf;
aomenf;vrf;rSm oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ todÓPfyGihfapjcif;
tm;jzihfomjzpfonf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfawmftm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukdvkyfauR;jyKpkaomtcg bk&m;ocif
onfuREkfyfwkdYukdwkduf½kdufpum;ajymawmfrlygonf/ xkdt&monf uREkfyf
wkdYütoufjzpfvmonf/ 4if;\vufawGU&,lusihfokH;p&mrsm;ukdvnf;
uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü ,cifurjrifcJhzl;aomenf;vrf;rsm;jzihf uREkfyf
wkdYjrifawGUvmMuygonf/ or®musrf;pmrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYukd &ifhusuf
jcif;okdY aqmif,lvm&mü bk&m;ociftoHk;jyKaomenf;vrf;jzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku oufomavmedwfNrdKUrS ,kHMunfolrsm;xH pma&;
ay;ykdY&mwGif 4if;wkdYtm; 1ouf 1;5 wGif þokdYajymcJhonf/
igwkdYonfoifwkdYESifhtwlaeaomtcg oifwkdYtwGuf tb,fokdY
aomoljzpfonfukd oifwkdYodMuonfESihftnD?igwkdYa[majymaom
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf? oifwkdUü pum;oufoufjzpfonf r[kwf/
wefckd;ESihf4if;? oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfESihf4if;? 0dpdudpämr&SdbJ
trSefodjcif;ESihf4if; jynfhpkHaomw&m;jzpf\/
&Sifaygvk\ w&m;a[majymjcif;onf pum;vkH;rsm;jzihfom
r[kwf? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ wefckd;awmftm;jzihfvnf;jzpfcJhonf/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf rdrdrIwfoGif;awmfrlxm;aom EIwfuywf
awmfukd ,laqmifíwrefawmfrsm;u xkdEIwfuywfawmftm; a[mMum;
&mü vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;&jcif;wGif tvGeftm;&awmfrlaMumif; tvGef
xif&Sm;aeygonf/ þtcsif;t&mukd ,aeYtcsdeftxdvkyfaqmif&onf
ukd tvGeftm;&auseyfvQuf&Sdygonf/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;jcif;ukd cHpm;
&aom bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf"g;onf pmwef\tiftm;pkrsm;ukd
ckcHqD;wm;&mwGif tvGefxda&mufrI&Sdaom tuG,ftumwpfckjzpfonf/
ocifbk&m;ukd oduRrf;vmcJhonfhtcsdefukd oifowd&aumif;&ygvdrfhrnf/
xkdtcsdefrwkdifrDwGif oifonfor®musrf;pm\ tpdwftykdif;tcsKdUukd zwf½I
cJhaomfvnf;? rnfonfhwkdYxdrIrS rcHpm;&bJ&SdaecJhayrnf/ okdYaomf?
wpfaeYwGif oifonfxkdEIwfuywfawmf a[majymjcif;ukd xkdifem;axmif
cJhNyD;? xkdEIwfuywfawmf\ qkyfukdifzrf;pm;jcif;ukd cHcJh&onf/ oifhESvkH;
om;rsm;usdK;yJhaMuuGJcJhí? rsuf&nfrsm;onf yg;yifwavQmufpD;uscJh&
onf/ bk&m;ocifonf xkdpum;vkH;rsm;jzihf oihfukdwkduf½kdufpum;ajym
aeoa,mifxifrSwfcJh&onf/ oifonf 1ouf 1;5 ü &Sifaygvkajymjy
cJhaom wefckd;awmfukd BuHKawGUcHpm;aecJhygonf/ xkdEIwfuywfawmfonf
tvGeftpGrf;xufcJhaomaMumifh oifckcHEkdifpGrf;r&SdcJhyg/ xkdEIwfuywf
awmfonf oifhukdtjypfaz:jyí oifhtoufwm&Sd pmwef\vdrfvnf
vSnfhjzm;rIrsm;rS oifhukdvGwfajrmufapcJhygonf/ xdkEIwfuywfawmfonf
,aeYwGif urÇmwpf0Srf;rS ra&rwGufEkdifaomtoufwmrsm;pGmukd
ajymif;vJaeygonf/
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdYrsufjcnfjywfoGm;zdkY
0dnmOfawmf\"g;
378 379
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
rcHr,l/ xkdt&mwkdYonf rkdfufrJaomt&mjzpfonf[k xifwwf
\/ xkdt&mwkdYukd 0dnmOftm;jzihfom ykdif;jcm;í em;vnfEkdifaom
aMumifh? Zmwdyuwdvlonf em;rvnfEkdif/
or®musrf;pmukd uREkfyfwkdYppfrSefpGm em;vnfEkdifonfhwpfckwnf;
aomenf;vrf;rSm oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ todÓPfyGihfapjcif;
tm;jzihfomjzpfonf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfawmftm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukdvkyfauR;jyKpkaomtcg bk&m;ocif
onfuREkfyfwkdYukdwkduf½kdufpum;ajymawmfrlygonf/ xkdt&monf uREkfyf
wkdYütoufjzpfvmonf/ 4if;\vufawGU&,lusihfokH;p&mrsm;ukdvnf;
uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü ,cifurjrifcJhzl;aomenf;vrf;rsm;jzihf uREkfyf
wkdYjrifawGUvmMuygonf/ or®musrf;pmrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYukd &ifhusuf
jcif;okdY aqmif,lvm&mü bk&m;ociftoHk;jyKaomenf;vrf;jzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku oufomavmedwfNrdKUrS ,kHMunfolrsm;xH pma&;
ay;ykdY&mwGif 4if;wkdYtm; 1ouf 1;5 wGif þokdYajymcJhonf/
igwkdYonfoifwkdYESifhtwlaeaomtcg oifwkdYtwGuf tb,fokdY
aomoljzpfonfukd oifwkdYodMuonfESihftnD?igwkdYa[majymaom
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf? oifwkdUü pum;oufoufjzpfonf r[kwf/
wefckd;ESihf4if;? oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfESihf4if;? 0dpdudpämr&SdbJ
trSefodjcif;ESihf4if; jynfhpkHaomw&m;jzpf\/
&Sifaygvk\ w&m;a[majymjcif;onf pum;vkH;rsm;jzihfom
r[kwf? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ wefckd;awmftm;jzihfvnf;jzpfcJhonf/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf rdrdrIwfoGif;awmfrlxm;aom EIwfuywf
awmfukd ,laqmifíwrefawmfrsm;u xkdEIwfuywfawmftm; a[mMum;
&mü vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;&jcif;wGif tvGeftm;&awmfrlaMumif; tvGef
xif&Sm;aeygonf/ þtcsif;t&mukd ,aeYtcsdeftxdvkyfaqmif&onf
ukd tvGeftm;&auseyfvQuf&Sdygonf/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;jcif;ukd cHpm;
&aom bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf"g;onf pmwef\tiftm;pkrsm;ukd
ckcHqD;wm;&mwGif tvGefxda&mufrI&Sdaom tuG,ftumwpfckjzpfonf/
ocifbk&m;ukd oduRrf;vmcJhonfhtcsdefukd oifowd&aumif;&ygvdrfhrnf/
xkdtcsdefrwkdifrDwGif oifonfor®musrf;pm\ tpdwftykdif;tcsKdUukd zwf½I
cJhaomfvnf;? rnfonfhwkdYxdrIrS rcHpm;&bJ&SdaecJhayrnf/ okdYaomf?
wpfaeYwGif oifonfxkdEIwfuywfawmf a[majymjcif;ukd xkdifem;axmif
cJhNyD;? xkdEIwfuywfawmf\ qkyfukdifzrf;pm;jcif;ukd cHcJh&onf/ oifhESvkH;
om;rsm;usdK;yJhaMuuGJcJhí? rsuf&nfrsm;onf yg;yifwavQmufpD;uscJh&
onf/ bk&m;ocifonf xkdpum;vkH;rsm;jzihf oihfukdwkduf½kdufpum;ajym
aeoa,mifxifrSwfcJh&onf/ oifonf 1ouf 1;5 ü &Sifaygvkajymjy
cJhaom wefckd;awmfukd BuHKawGUcHpm;aecJhygonf/ xkdEIwfuywfawmfonf
tvGeftpGrf;xufcJhaomaMumifh oifckcHEkdifpGrf;r&SdcJhyg/ xkdEIwfuywf
awmfonf oifhukdtjypfaz:jyí oifhtoufwm&Sd pmwef\vdrfvnf
vSnfhjzm;rIrsm;rS oifhukdvGwfajrmufapcJhygonf/ xdkEIwfuywfawmfonf
,aeYwGif urÇmwpf0Srf;rS ra&rwGufEkdifaomtoufwmrsm;pGmukd
ajymif;vJaeygonf/
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdYrsufjcnfjywfoGm;zdkY
0dnmOfawmf\"g;
378 379
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
pmwefvkyfaqmifygvdrfhrnf/ {'ifO,smOfBuD;xJü {0ukdolpkHprf;aESmuf
,SufcsdefwGif pmwefonfbk&m;ocifu {0ukday;cJhaompum;ay:wGif
A[kdjyKcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\ &Sif;vif;jywfom;aom ñTefMum;csufrsm;
tay:ü olrukdoHo,jzpfapEkdifcJhvQif olrukdtykdifukdifEkdifNyD[k pmwef
odxm;onf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif &efol\wkdufckdufrIrsm;ukd qefYusifckcH&ef
uREkfyfwkdYü&Sdxm;onfh wpfckwnf;aomtumtuG,frSm or®musrf;pm\
oGefoifcsufjzpfonf/ &SifróJc&pf0ifusrf;wGif ocifa,½IpkHprf;aESmuf
,SufcH&csdefu pmwefukdckcHqD;wm;í rdrd\tumtuG,ftjzpf bk&m;
ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd qGJukdifxm;cJhonf/
bk&m;ocifajymaomt&mrsm;tay:ü oihfukdoHo,jzpfapzkdY
pmwefonf rdrdwwfEkdiforQt&mtm;vkH;ukd vkyfaqmifrnfhtaMumif;
aocsmodxm;yg/ ,cifESihfvkH;vkH;rwlyJ? pmwefonf uREkfyfwkdY\vlrI
tokdif;t0kdif;ukd or®musrf;pm\ &Sif;vif;jywfom;í rIwfoGif;cH&aom
oGefoifcsufrsm;tm; ausmckdif;oGm;&ef zefwD;aecJhygonf/ or®musrf;pm
\oGefoifcsufrsm;tay:ü wnfaxmifxm;aom wuúokdvfBuD;rsm;ESihf
"r®wuúokdvfBuD;rsm;onf þoGefoifcsufrsm;ukd ab;z,fíacwfopf
vrf;pOfrsm;ukd ykdírsufESmomay;aeMuygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\EkdifiHwpf
aMumrStoif;awmfrsm;u or®musrf;pm\ tcGihftmPm&Sdjcif;ukd ar;cGef;
xkwfaecJhMuygonf/ c&pf,meftokdif;t0kdif;rsm;u or®musrf;pmESihftnD
pmrwwfayrwwfjzpfaejcif;rSm ,cifESihfvkH;vkH;rwlawmhyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\
om;orD;rsm;onf or®musrf;pm\ oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd vkHk;vkH;rodyJ
BuD;jyif;vmaeMuygonf/
uREkfyfwkdY acwfumvwGif pmwefonfor®musrf;pm\ MoZm
tmPmESihfusKd;aMumif;nDñGwfjcif;wkdYukd vlwkdYt,kHtMunfrJhoGm;ap&ef
tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;tm;xkwf vkyfaqmifaecJhygonf/ tusKd;&vm'frSmum;
tusihfpm&dwåysufjym;jcif;ukd vlykHtv,füay:ay:xifxif jyKvkyfjcif;
ESihf ra&r&m½IyfaxG;rI'Da&vIdif;wpfck ½kdufcwfjcif;jzpfonf/ þt&m
onf pmwefESihf4if;\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;twGuf ajrMoZmaumif;
aomajrjzpfonf/ toif;awmfonf ywf0ef;usiftokdif;t0kdif;Mum;ü
4if;\trsm;,kHMunfvufcHEkdifrI&Sdjcif;ukd qkH;½IH;aeygonf/ taMumif;rSm
toif;awmfonf rsm;aomtm;jzihf bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ &Sif;
vif;jywfom;aom oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd pGefYvTwfcJhaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\ "g;ukdcsxm;zkdY uREkfyfwkdYrjyKvkyfEkdifyg/ or®musrf;pm\ &Sif;
vif;jywfom;aom vrf;jyrIukd ,cifuxufuREkfyfwkdYykdí vkdtyfaeMu
ygonf/ oHvkduftdrfajr§mifwpfcktvm;? þEIwfuywfawmfonf ra&
r&m½IyfaxG;rItEÅ&m,fBuD;ESihf uREfkyfukd0ef;&Hxm;aom vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;
rIrsm;ukd tEÅ&m,fuif;pGmjzwfoef;ausmfvTm;EkdifzkdY uREkfyfwkdYukd vrf;jy
ay;ygvdrfhrnf/
pmwefonfor®musrf;pmukd r[kwfrrSefaMumif; xif&Sm;ap&ef
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrnfomr[kwf? or®musrf;pmukd wvGJt"dyÜg,fjyefqkdí
wvGJvufawGU&,lusihfokH;Mu&eftwGufvnf; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfygvdrfh
rnf/ róJ 4 &Sdocifa,½Itm; pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;wGif pmwefonf
rdrd\tusKd;tjrwftwGuf or®musrf;pmukd tokH;jyKzkdY 0efrav;cJhyg/
þt&monf uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumvü ,kHMunfcsufrSm;,Gif;aeaom
olrsm;ukd atmifjrifaeapaom taMumif;t&if;r[kwfygvm;/
0dnmOfawmf\"g;
380 381
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
pmwefvkyfaqmifygvdrfhrnf/ {'ifO,smOfBuD;xJü {0ukdolpkHprf;aESmuf
,SufcsdefwGif pmwefonfbk&m;ocifu {0ukday;cJhaompum;ay:wGif
A[kdjyKcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\ &Sif;vif;jywfom;aom ñTefMum;csufrsm;
tay:ü olrukdoHo,jzpfapEkdifcJhvQif olrukdtykdifukdifEkdifNyD[k pmwef
odxm;onf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif &efol\wkdufckdufrIrsm;ukd qefYusifckcH&ef
uREkfyfwkdYü&Sdxm;onfh wpfckwnf;aomtumtuG,frSm or®musrf;pm\
oGefoifcsufjzpfonf/ &SifróJc&pf0ifusrf;wGif ocifa,½IpkHprf;aESmuf
,SufcH&csdefu pmwefukdckcHqD;wm;í rdrd\tumtuG,ftjzpf bk&m;
ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd qGJukdifxm;cJhonf/
bk&m;ocifajymaomt&mrsm;tay:ü oihfukdoHo,jzpfapzkdY
pmwefonf rdrdwwfEkdiforQt&mtm;vkH;ukd vkyfaqmifrnfhtaMumif;
aocsmodxm;yg/ ,cifESihfvkH;vkH;rwlyJ? pmwefonf uREkfyfwkdY\vlrI
tokdif;t0kdif;ukd or®musrf;pm\ &Sif;vif;jywfom;í rIwfoGif;cH&aom
oGefoifcsufrsm;tm; ausmckdif;oGm;&ef zefwD;aecJhygonf/ or®musrf;pm
\oGefoifcsufrsm;tay:ü wnfaxmifxm;aom wuúokdvfBuD;rsm;ESihf
"r®wuúokdvfBuD;rsm;onf þoGefoifcsufrsm;ukd ab;z,fíacwfopf
vrf;pOfrsm;ukd ykdírsufESmomay;aeMuygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\EkdifiHwpf
aMumrStoif;awmfrsm;u or®musrf;pm\ tcGihftmPm&Sdjcif;ukd ar;cGef;
xkwfaecJhMuygonf/ c&pf,meftokdif;t0kdif;rsm;u or®musrf;pmESihftnD
pmrwwfayrwwfjzpfaejcif;rSm ,cifESihfvkH;vkH;rwlawmhyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\
om;orD;rsm;onf or®musrf;pm\ oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd vkHk;vkH;rodyJ
BuD;jyif;vmaeMuygonf/
uREkfyfwkdY acwfumvwGif pmwefonfor®musrf;pm\ MoZm
tmPmESihfusKd;aMumif;nDñGwfjcif;wkdYukd vlwkdYt,kHtMunfrJhoGm;ap&ef
tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;tm;xkwf vkyfaqmifaecJhygonf/ tusKd;&vm'frSmum;
tusihfpm&dwåysufjym;jcif;ukd vlykHtv,füay:ay:xifxif jyKvkyfjcif;
ESihf ra&r&m½IyfaxG;rI'Da&vIdif;wpfck ½kdufcwfjcif;jzpfonf/ þt&m
onf pmwefESihf4if;\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;twGuf ajrMoZmaumif;
aomajrjzpfonf/ toif;awmfonf ywf0ef;usiftokdif;t0kdif;Mum;ü
4if;\trsm;,kHMunfvufcHEkdifrI&Sdjcif;ukd qkH;½IH;aeygonf/ taMumif;rSm
toif;awmfonf rsm;aomtm;jzihf bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ &Sif;
vif;jywfom;aom oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd pGefYvTwfcJhaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\ "g;ukdcsxm;zkdY uREkfyfwkdYrjyKvkyfEkdifyg/ or®musrf;pm\ &Sif;
vif;jywfom;aom vrf;jyrIukd ,cifuxufuREkfyfwkdYykdí vkdtyfaeMu
ygonf/ oHvkduftdrfajr§mifwpfcktvm;? þEIwfuywfawmfonf ra&
r&m½IyfaxG;rItEÅ&m,fBuD;ESihf uREfkyfukd0ef;&Hxm;aom vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;
rIrsm;ukd tEÅ&m,fuif;pGmjzwfoef;ausmfvTm;EkdifzkdY uREkfyfwkdYukd vrf;jy
ay;ygvdrfhrnf/
pmwefonfor®musrf;pmukd r[kwfrrSefaMumif; xif&Sm;ap&ef
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrnfomr[kwf? or®musrf;pmukd wvGJt"dyÜg,fjyefqkdí
wvGJvufawGU&,lusihfokH;Mu&eftwGufvnf; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfygvdrfh
rnf/ róJ 4 &Sdocifa,½Itm; pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;wGif pmwefonf
rdrd\tusKd;tjrwftwGuf or®musrf;pmukd tokH;jyKzkdY 0efrav;cJhyg/
þt&monf uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumvü ,kHMunfcsufrSm;,Gif;aeaom
olrsm;ukd atmifjrifaeapaom taMumif;t&if;r[kwfygvm;/
0dnmOfawmf\"g;
380 381
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
"r®oGefoifcsuft,l0g'rsm;ü uREkfyfwkdYtjiif;yGm;aerIrsm;wGif
pmwefonf uREkfyfwkdYukd0ifygapzkdY vIHUaqmfygvdrfhrnf/ or®musrf;pm
tay:ü pmwefuoHo,jzpfapjcif; (okdY) or®musrf;pmukd pmwefu
wvGJt"dyÜg,fjyefqkdapjcif;onf ykdírsm;aomysufpD;xdckdufrIukd urÇm
wpf0Srf;ü ,aeYjzpfaprI &Sd? r&Sdukdajym&efrSm cufcJygonf/ wpfzuf
wGif bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ MoZmtmPm&Sdjcif;ukd jiif;y,fae
onfh avmuDoD;oefY0g' (Oya'? ynma&;paomavmuDudpörsm;ü
bmomt,l0g'a&;&m vTrf;rkd;rIr&Sdapa&;0g')onf ay:xGef;vmaeNyD;?
tjcm;wpfzufwGifvnf; or®musrf;pmukd wvGJt"dyÜg,fjyefqkdjcif;aMumifh
jzpfay:vmonfh tpGef;a&mufaompdwfoabmxm;uGJvGJjcif;ESihf t,l
oefjcif;rsm;vnf; &SdaeMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ vlYtzGJUtpnf;tokdif;t0kdif;
ü xif&Sm;aeaomt&mrSm &efolonf0dnmOfawmf\"g;ukd wkdufckdufzkdY
taumif;qkH;BudK;pm;vkyfaeonf[laom tcsufjzpfonf/ ppfrSefaom
,kHMunfolwpfa,muf\ vufxJwGifþvufeufonf rnfrQtpGrf;xuf
jrufaMumif;ukd &efoluodaeygonf/
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukd "g;wpfvuftjzpftb,f
aMumihfac:qkd&onfukd pum;vkH;tenf;tusOf;ajymcsifygonf/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd "g;[kac:qkd&jcif;rSm xkdEIwfuywfawmf
uaqmif,lvmaom w&m;pD&ifjcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ þurÇmajray:ü
w&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd aqmif,lvmrnfhajymifvufpGmyGwfwkdufí xufjruf
pGmaoG;xm;onhf "g;wpfvuftaMumif;ukd a,Zausv 21 uajymjy
xm;onf/ Asm'dwf 19;15 wGif ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;
taMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYzwf½I&onf/ udk,fawmfhukd cHwGif;xJrS tvGef
xufaom oHvsuf"g;xGufvmaomoltjzpf azmfusL;xm;onf/
xkdoHvQuf"g;onf w&m;pD&ifjcif;oHvsuf"g;jzpfonf/ wpfaeYwGif uREkfyf
wkdYwpfOD;csif;onf or®musrf;pm\pHcsdefpHñTef;twkdif; wkdif;wmowfrSwf
jcif;ukdcHMu&ygrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYxifrSwfxm;aomt&mu tqkH;wGif ta&;
BuD;rnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfomvQif uREkfyfwkdY
ppfaq;tuJjzwfay;oljzpfvmygrnf/ þEIwfuywfawmfonf i&Jom;
ewfqkd;taygif;wkdYukdvnf; w&m;pD&ifygvdrfhrnf/ pmwefukd,fwkdifonf
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfjzpfaom ocifa,½I\a&SUawmfarSmuf
wGif &yfíjypf'PfcsrSwfpD&ifjcif;cH&ygrnf/
þEIwfuywfawmfukd oHvsuf"g;[kac:qkd&jcif;rSm uREkfyfwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;ukd xkd;azmufEkdifí uREkfyfwkdY\tawG;rsm;ESihf &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd
xkd;xGif;odjrifEkdifaomaMumifhjzpfonf (a[NAJ 4;12)/ oifonf
þoHvsuf"g;\ wefckd;awmfukd oifhtoufwmü cHpm;aumif;cHpm;cJh
ayrnf/ þ"g;onftjypf&SdaMumif;ukd azmfxkwfjyoay;ygonf/ tvif;
a&mifwpfckuJhokdY? uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rS tarSmifrkdufqkH;aom vQKdU0Suf
csufrsm;ukdvnf; zGihfjyay;ygonf/ cGJpdwfq&m0efwpfOD;\ "g;uJhokdY? tvdk
r&Sdaomtjypf'kp½kdufESihf qefYusifykefuefjcif;wkdYukd jzwfxkwfz,f&Sm;
ay;ygonf/ rD;uJhokdY? uREkfyfwkdY\ ckcHqefUusifrIrsm;ukd t&nfaysmfoGm;
apí? uREkfyfwkdY\ pdwfoabmxm;rsm;ukd pdefac:wkdufwGef;ay;onf/
uREkfyfwkdYukd oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapí oifh&JUu,fwif&SifxHokdY oihfukdykdí
eD;uyfpGm aqmif,loGm;&ef rdrdoHvsuf"g;ukd tokH;jyK&jcif;onf bk&m;
ocifh\ 0dnmOfawmftm;&auseyfaomt&mjzpfonf/
0dnmOfawmf\"g;
382 383
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
"r®oGefoifcsuft,l0g'rsm;ü uREkfyfwkdYtjiif;yGm;aerIrsm;wGif
pmwefonf uREkfyfwkdYukd0ifygapzkdY vIHUaqmfygvdrfhrnf/ or®musrf;pm
tay:ü pmwefuoHo,jzpfapjcif; (okdY) or®musrf;pmukd pmwefu
wvGJt"dyÜg,fjyefqkdapjcif;onf ykdírsm;aomysufpD;xdckdufrIukd urÇm
wpf0Srf;ü ,aeYjzpfaprI &Sd? r&Sdukdajym&efrSm cufcJygonf/ wpfzuf
wGif bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ MoZmtmPm&Sdjcif;ukd jiif;y,fae
onfh avmuDoD;oefY0g' (Oya'? ynma&;paomavmuDudpörsm;ü
bmomt,l0g'a&;&m vTrf;rkd;rIr&Sdapa&;0g')onf ay:xGef;vmaeNyD;?
tjcm;wpfzufwGifvnf; or®musrf;pmukd wvGJt"dyÜg,fjyefqkdjcif;aMumifh
jzpfay:vmonfh tpGef;a&mufaompdwfoabmxm;uGJvGJjcif;ESihf t,l
oefjcif;rsm;vnf; &SdaeMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ vlYtzGJUtpnf;tokdif;t0kdif;
ü xif&Sm;aeaomt&mrSm &efolonf0dnmOfawmf\"g;ukd wkdufckdufzkdY
taumif;qkH;BudK;pm;vkyfaeonf[laom tcsufjzpfonf/ ppfrSefaom
,kHMunfolwpfa,muf\ vufxJwGifþvufeufonf rnfrQtpGrf;xuf
jrufaMumif;ukd &efoluodaeygonf/
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukd "g;wpfvuftjzpftb,f
aMumihfac:qkd&onfukd pum;vkH;tenf;tusOf;ajymcsifygonf/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd "g;[kac:qkd&jcif;rSm xkdEIwfuywfawmf
uaqmif,lvmaom w&m;pD&ifjcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ þurÇmajray:ü
w&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd aqmif,lvmrnfhajymifvufpGmyGwfwkdufí xufjruf
pGmaoG;xm;onhf "g;wpfvuftaMumif;ukd a,Zausv 21 uajymjy
xm;onf/ Asm'dwf 19;15 wGif ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;
taMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYzwf½I&onf/ udk,fawmfhukd cHwGif;xJrS tvGef
xufaom oHvsuf"g;xGufvmaomoltjzpf azmfusL;xm;onf/
xkdoHvQuf"g;onf w&m;pD&ifjcif;oHvsuf"g;jzpfonf/ wpfaeYwGif uREkfyf
wkdYwpfOD;csif;onf or®musrf;pm\pHcsdefpHñTef;twkdif; wkdif;wmowfrSwf
jcif;ukdcHMu&ygrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYxifrSwfxm;aomt&mu tqkH;wGif ta&;
BuD;rnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfomvQif uREkfyfwkdY
ppfaq;tuJjzwfay;oljzpfvmygrnf/ þEIwfuywfawmfonf i&Jom;
ewfqkd;taygif;wkdYukdvnf; w&m;pD&ifygvdrfhrnf/ pmwefukd,fwkdifonf
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfjzpfaom ocifa,½I\a&SUawmfarSmuf
wGif &yfíjypf'PfcsrSwfpD&ifjcif;cH&ygrnf/
þEIwfuywfawmfukd oHvsuf"g;[kac:qkd&jcif;rSm uREkfyfwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;ukd xkd;azmufEkdifí uREkfyfwkdY\tawG;rsm;ESihf &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd
xkd;xGif;odjrifEkdifaomaMumifhjzpfonf (a[NAJ 4;12)/ oifonf
þoHvsuf"g;\ wefckd;awmfukd oifhtoufwmü cHpm;aumif;cHpm;cJh
ayrnf/ þ"g;onftjypf&SdaMumif;ukd azmfxkwfjyoay;ygonf/ tvif;
a&mifwpfckuJhokdY? uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rS tarSmifrkdufqkH;aom vQKdU0Suf
csufrsm;ukdvnf; zGihfjyay;ygonf/ cGJpdwfq&m0efwpfOD;\ "g;uJhokdY? tvdk
r&Sdaomtjypf'kp½kdufESihf qefYusifykefuefjcif;wkdYukd jzwfxkwfz,f&Sm;
ay;ygonf/ rD;uJhokdY? uREkfyfwkdY\ ckcHqefUusifrIrsm;ukd t&nfaysmfoGm;
apí? uREkfyfwkdY\ pdwfoabmxm;rsm;ukd pdefac:wkdufwGef;ay;onf/
uREkfyfwkdYukd oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapí oifh&JUu,fwif&SifxHokdY oihfukdykdí
eD;uyfpGm aqmif,loGm;&ef rdrdoHvsuf"g;ukd tokH;jyK&jcif;onf bk&m;
ocifh\ 0dnmOfawmftm;&auseyfaomt&mjzpfonf/
0dnmOfawmf\"g;
382 383
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfonf "g;wpfvufjzpfaMumif;ukd
awGUjrifEkdifonfhtjcm;enf;vrf;rSm &efol\wkdufckdufrIrsm;ukd wm;qD;
umuG,fEkdifonfh 4if;\tpGrf;tpjzpfonf/ EIwfuywfawmfonf uREkfyf
wkdYvkdtyfaeaomtcsdefü ÓPfynmukdaqmif,lvmay;í pdwfysuftm;
i,faomtcsdefü uREkfyfwkdYukd ESpfodrfhay;um? ra&r&m½IyfaxG;rIrsm;
jzpfaecsdefwGif Nidrfoufjcif;ukday;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYpdwfysuftm;avsmhí
ra&r&mESihf ½IyfaxG;oGm;ap&eftwGuf &efol\tqufrjywfwkdufckduf
rIrsm;ukd þEIwfuywfawmfjzihf uREkfyfwkdYukdwm;qD;umuG,fMuygonf/
oHo,pdwfrsm;ESihf&SdaeaomtcsdefwGif þEIwfuywfawmfonf uREkfyf
wkdY\,kHMunfpdwfcsrIjzpfvmonf/ tjyKrSm;? t,lrSm;rsm;xHü rvJusoGm;
&ef uREkfyfwkdYukdumuG,fay;ygonf/
þ"g;\toD;tyGifhukd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü awGUjrif&jcif;ukd
&efolu onf;rcHEkdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYtxJü&dwfodrf;&zkdY pmwefutpGrf;ukef
BudK;pm;vkyfaqmifcJhaom rSm;,Gif;onfhpdwfoabmxm;tm; jzwfawmuf
z,f&Sm;cHae&onfhtjzpfukd awGUjrifaomtcg pmwefaMumuf&GHUwGefYqkwf
oGm;ygonf/ zkH;uG,fxm;aom &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihf vQKdU0Sufxm;aom
tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;ukd azmfxkwf&eftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYtoufwm\ twGif;
usqkH;vQKdU0Sufae&mrsm;qDokdY þ"g;xkd;azmuf0ifa&mufoGm;csdefwGif
pmwef0rf;enf;aMuuGJ&ygonf/ þ"g;ukd&G,fvkdufonfESihf pmwefrSm
xGufajy;oGm;zkdY wGef;tm;ay;cH&ygonf/ wpfaeYwGif þ"g;onf
aemufqkH;tBudrftjzpf olYtay:wGifa&mufvmygvdrfhrnf/ ocifbk&m;
\EIwfrSpum;wpfcGef;? ukd,fawmf&Sifh"g;wpfcsufta0SUwGif pmwefESihf
4if;\aumif;uifwrefrsm;rSm aemufqkH;½IH;edrfhjcif;ed*kH;ukd a&muf&SdoGm;
Muygvdrfhrnf/
0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJü bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf ,aeY
wGiftb,frQta&;ygaeygoenf;/ &efol\wkdufckdufrIrsm;ukd wm;qD;
umuG,f&eftwGuf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd enf;vrf;vufeuf
wpfcktjzpf oif½Ijrifygovm;/ þ"g;\aphaphpyfpyfppfaq;jcif;atmuf
wGif oifhtoufwmukd vkdvkdvm;vm;xm;&Sdygovm;/ ocifa,½IxHü
bkef;BuD;jcif;ukdaqmif,lrvmaom oihftoufwmrStpdwftykdif;rsm;ukd
jzwfawmufz,f&Sm;zkdY þ"g;ukdvkdvkdvm;vm;cGihfjyKay;vkdygovm;/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif þt&mrsm;onf pdwfxdckdufemusif&aomjzpfpOfwpfck
jzpfaomfvnf; &efolukdoiftEkdif,lEkdifzkdYqkdvQif rvkyfrjzpfvkyf&rnfh
t&mjzpfonf/
oifha&SUü&Sdaeaom wkdufyGJwGifbk&m;ocifh EIwfuywfawmf\
wefckd;awmfukd oifavsmhrwGufEkdifyg/ oifpkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;cH&aom
tcsdefwGif xkdEIwfuywfawmfukd zufwG,fxm;yg/ oifpdwfysuftm;avsmh
í0rf;enf;tm;i,faecsdefwGif xkdEIwfuywfawmf\ uwdawmfrsm;ukd
&,lvkdufyg/ todtjrifrsm;ESihf ÓPfynmukdoifvkdtyfaomtcsdefwGif
xkdEIwfuywfawmfukd aoaocsmcsmavhvmyg/ oifoHo,pdwfrsm;ESihf
jynfhaeaomtcsdefwGif xkdEIwfuywfawmfukd t<uif;rJh,kHMunfukd;pm;yg/
xkdEIwfuywfawmfukd pdwfcs,kHMunfrI? &J&ifhrIwkdYESihftwl xkwfajymyg/
vrf;jyay;jcif;ESihf vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;twGuf xkdEIwfuywfawmfukd aeYpOf
&SmBuHzwf½Iyg/ þEIwfuywfawmfonf jyKjyifajymif;vJay;EkdifpGrf;aom
0dnmOfawmf\"g;
384 385
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfonf "g;wpfvufjzpfaMumif;ukd
awGUjrifEkdifonfhtjcm;enf;vrf;rSm &efol\wkdufckdufrIrsm;ukd wm;qD;
umuG,fEkdifonfh 4if;\tpGrf;tpjzpfonf/ EIwfuywfawmfonf uREkfyf
wkdYvkdtyfaeaomtcsdefü ÓPfynmukdaqmif,lvmay;í pdwfysuftm;
i,faomtcsdefü uREkfyfwkdYukd ESpfodrfhay;um? ra&r&m½IyfaxG;rIrsm;
jzpfaecsdefwGif Nidrfoufjcif;ukday;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYpdwfysuftm;avsmhí
ra&r&mESihf ½IyfaxG;oGm;ap&eftwGuf &efol\tqufrjywfwkdufckduf
rIrsm;ukd þEIwfuywfawmfjzihf uREkfyfwkdYukdwm;qD;umuG,fMuygonf/
oHo,pdwfrsm;ESihf&SdaeaomtcsdefwGif þEIwfuywfawmfonf uREkfyf
wkdY\,kHMunfpdwfcsrIjzpfvmonf/ tjyKrSm;? t,lrSm;rsm;xHü rvJusoGm;
&ef uREkfyfwkdYukdumuG,fay;ygonf/
þ"g;\toD;tyGifhukd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü awGUjrif&jcif;ukd
&efolu onf;rcHEkdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYtxJü&dwfodrf;&zkdY pmwefutpGrf;ukef
BudK;pm;vkyfaqmifcJhaom rSm;,Gif;onfhpdwfoabmxm;tm; jzwfawmuf
z,f&Sm;cHae&onfhtjzpfukd awGUjrifaomtcg pmwefaMumuf&GHUwGefYqkwf
oGm;ygonf/ zkH;uG,fxm;aom &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihf vQKdU0Sufxm;aom
tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;ukd azmfxkwf&eftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYtoufwm\ twGif;
usqkH;vQKdU0Sufae&mrsm;qDokdY þ"g;xkd;azmuf0ifa&mufoGm;csdefwGif
pmwef0rf;enf;aMuuGJ&ygonf/ þ"g;ukd&G,fvkdufonfESihf pmwefrSm
xGufajy;oGm;zkdY wGef;tm;ay;cH&ygonf/ wpfaeYwGif þ"g;onf
aemufqkH;tBudrftjzpf olYtay:wGifa&mufvmygvdrfhrnf/ ocifbk&m;
\EIwfrSpum;wpfcGef;? ukd,fawmf&Sifh"g;wpfcsufta0SUwGif pmwefESihf
4if;\aumif;uifwrefrsm;rSm aemufqkH;½IH;edrfhjcif;ed*kH;ukd a&muf&SdoGm;
Muygvdrfhrnf/
0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJü bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf ,aeY
wGiftb,frQta&;ygaeygoenf;/ &efol\wkdufckdufrIrsm;ukd wm;qD;
umuG,f&eftwGuf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd enf;vrf;vufeuf
wpfcktjzpf oif½Ijrifygovm;/ þ"g;\aphaphpyfpyfppfaq;jcif;atmuf
wGif oifhtoufwmukd vkdvkdvm;vm;xm;&Sdygovm;/ ocifa,½IxHü
bkef;BuD;jcif;ukdaqmif,lrvmaom oihftoufwmrStpdwftykdif;rsm;ukd
jzwfawmufz,f&Sm;zkdY þ"g;ukdvkdvkdvm;vm;cGihfjyKay;vkdygovm;/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif þt&mrsm;onf pdwfxdckdufemusif&aomjzpfpOfwpfck
jzpfaomfvnf; &efolukdoiftEkdif,lEkdifzkdYqkdvQif rvkyfrjzpfvkyf&rnfh
t&mjzpfonf/
oifha&SUü&Sdaeaom wkdufyGJwGifbk&m;ocifh EIwfuywfawmf\
wefckd;awmfukd oifavsmhrwGufEkdifyg/ oifpkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;cH&aom
tcsdefwGif xkdEIwfuywfawmfukd zufwG,fxm;yg/ oifpdwfysuftm;avsmh
í0rf;enf;tm;i,faecsdefwGif xkdEIwfuywfawmf\ uwdawmfrsm;ukd
&,lvkdufyg/ todtjrifrsm;ESihf ÓPfynmukdoifvkdtyfaomtcsdefwGif
xkdEIwfuywfawmfukd aoaocsmcsmavhvmyg/ oifoHo,pdwfrsm;ESihf
jynfhaeaomtcsdefwGif xkdEIwfuywfawmfukd t<uif;rJh,kHMunfukd;pm;yg/
xkdEIwfuywfawmfukd pdwfcs,kHMunfrI? &J&ifhrIwkdYESihftwl xkwfajymyg/
vrf;jyay;jcif;ESihf vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;twGuf xkdEIwfuywfawmfukd aeYpOf
&SmBuHzwf½Iyg/ þEIwfuywfawmfonf jyKjyifajymif;vJay;EkdifpGrf;aom
0dnmOfawmf\"g;
384 385
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
EIwfuywfawmfjzpfonf/ þEIwfuywfawmf\ toufwmajymif;vJap
Edkifaom wefckd;awmfonf oifhjzpfwnfrI\ tv,fA[kdtxd 0ifa&muf
xkd;azmufEkdifygonf/ &efol\ vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;rsm;ukd wefjyefwkdufckduf
Ekdifaom wefckd;onf þEIwfuywfwGifom&Sdonf/ þEIwfuywfawmf
xHrS rnfonfht&murQ oifhukdtm½kHrvTJapygESihf/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfu
ywfawmftay:ü opöm&Sdjcif;wGifom atmifEkdifjcif;ukd jrifawGU &Ekdifyg
onf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukd 0dnmOfawmf\"g;[k tb,f
aMumifhac:oenf;/
&efol\wkdufckdufrIrsm;ukd ckcHqD;wm;&mwGif bk&m;ocif\ EIwf
uywfawmfu oifhtwGuf tumtuG,frnfokdY jzpfaecJhyg
oenf;/
þEIwfuywfawmfukd &efoluwkdufckdufaeonfhoufao
taxmuftxm; oifhteD;wpf0kdufwGif &Sdygovm;/ &efolukd
qkdifNydKifwkdufvSefaom uREkfyfwkdY\wkdufyGJü 0dnmOfawmf\"g;
onf tb,frQta&;ygonfukd þt&murnfokdYajymjyyg
oenf;/
,aeYwGif þ"g;onf oifhtoufwmü rnfonfhtwkdif;twm
txd tvkyfvkyfaeygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
or®musrf;pmonf oihftwGufcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;jcif;ESihf
aumif;BuD;r*FvmjzpfaecJhonfhtay:ü ocifbk&m;ukd aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ þEIwfuywfawmfonf oihf&JUtuG,ftum
jzpfaecJhaomaMumihf ukd,fawmfukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ukd,fawmf\ EIwfuywfawmfukd qmavmifjcif;ESihf iwfrGwfjcif;
wkdYukd wkd;jr§ifhay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
toufwmukdajymif;vJay;Ekdifaom þ"g;\wefckd;awmftwGuf
ocifbk&m;ukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ þEIwfuywfawmfonf
&efolukd qkwfcGgxGufajy;aprnfhtwGufvnf; ukd,fawmhfukd
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
0dnmOfawmf\"g;
386 387
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
EIwfuywfawmfjzpfonf/ þEIwfuywfawmf\ toufwmajymif;vJap
Edkifaom wefckd;awmfonf oifhjzpfwnfrI\ tv,fA[kdtxd 0ifa&muf
xkd;azmufEkdifygonf/ &efol\ vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;rsm;ukd wefjyefwkdufckduf
Ekdifaom wefckd;onf þEIwfuywfwGifom&Sdonf/ þEIwfuywfawmf
xHrS rnfonfht&murQ oifhukdtm½kHrvTJapygESihf/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfu
ywfawmftay:ü opöm&Sdjcif;wGifom atmifEkdifjcif;ukd jrifawGU &Ekdifyg
onf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukd 0dnmOfawmf\"g;[k tb,f
aMumifhac:oenf;/
&efol\wkdufckdufrIrsm;ukd ckcHqD;wm;&mwGif bk&m;ocif\ EIwf
uywfawmfu oifhtwGuf tumtuG,frnfokdY jzpfaecJhyg
oenf;/
þEIwfuywfawmfukd &efoluwkdufckdufaeonfhoufao
taxmuftxm; oifhteD;wpf0kdufwGif &Sdygovm;/ &efolukd
qkdifNydKifwkdufvSefaom uREkfyfwkdY\wkdufyGJü 0dnmOfawmf\"g;
onf tb,frQta&;ygonfukd þt&murnfokdYajymjyyg
oenf;/
,aeYwGif þ"g;onf oifhtoufwmü rnfonfhtwkdif;twm
txd tvkyfvkyfaeygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
or®musrf;pmonf oihftwGufcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;jcif;ESihf
aumif;BuD;r*FvmjzpfaecJhonfhtay:ü ocifbk&m;ukd aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ þEIwfuywfawmfonf oihf&JUtuG,ftum
jzpfaecJhaomaMumihf ukd,fawmfukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ukd,fawmf\ EIwfuywfawmfukd qmavmifjcif;ESihf iwfrGwfjcif;
wkdYukd wkd;jr§ifhay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
toufwmukdajymif;vJay;Ekdifaom þ"g;\wefckd;awmftwGuf
ocifbk&m;ukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ þEIwfuywfawmfonf
&efolukd qkwfcGgxGufajy;aprnfhtwGufvnf; ukd,fawmhfukd
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
0dnmOfawmf\"g;
386 387
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
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0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
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aom tcsufjzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUü&Sdaom
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ocifc&pfawmfüuREkfyfwkdYrnfolrnf0gjzpfMuonf[laom tcsufwGifykdí
rlwnfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUarSmufü&Sdaom wkdufyGJukduREkfyfwkdYtEkdif,l
vkdvQif uREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fhukd,fukd ocifc&pfawmf\ukd,fusihfpm&dwå
jzihf 0wfqifMu&rnfjzpfonf/ þt&monf &efoluonf;rcHEkdifaom
t&mwpfckjzpfonf/ ocifa,½I\ukd,fusihfpm&dwårsm; uREkfyfwkdYtxJü
xkwfazmfjyoaeonfukd pmwefjrifawGU&aomtcg? olxGufajy;&ygvdrfh
rnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf &efolukdtEkdif,lvkdvQif? ocifa,½Iu uREkfyfwkdY
twGuf vkyfaqmifay;oGm;cJhaomt&mESihf ukd,fhukd,fukd 0wfqifvTrf;NcHK
xm;Mu&ygrnf/ okdYaomf? þt&mtjyif? &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;
rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYjyKvkyfzkdYvkdtyfonf[k ajymxm;aomtjcm;t&mwpfck
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
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0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
{zuf 6;18 ukdzwf½Iyg/
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ppf0wfpkHonf ocifc&pfawmftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYvkyfaqmifaomt&mxuf
ocifc&pfawmfü&Sdaom uREkfyfwkdY\t½kduft&mESihf ykdípyfqkdifaeonf[l
aom tcsufjzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUü&Sdaom
wkdufyGJukdatmifjrifjcif;trIonf uREkfyfwkdYvkyfaqmifaomt&mxuf
ocifc&pfawmfüuREkfyfwkdYrnfolrnf0gjzpfMuonf[laom tcsufwGifykdí
rlwnfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUarSmufü&Sdaom wkdufyGJukduREkfyfwkdYtEkdif,l
vkdvQif uREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fhukd,fukd ocifc&pfawmf\ukd,fusihfpm&dwå
jzihf 0wfqifMu&rnfjzpfonf/ þt&monf &efoluonf;rcHEkdifaom
t&mwpfckjzpfonf/ ocifa,½I\ukd,fusihfpm&dwårsm; uREkfyfwkdYtxJü
xkwfazmfjyoaeonfukd pmwefjrifawGU&aomtcg? olxGufajy;&ygvdrfh
rnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf &efolukdtEkdif,lvkdvQif? ocifa,½Iu uREkfyfwkdY
twGuf vkyfaqmifay;oGm;cJhaomt&mESihf ukd,fhukd,fukd 0wfqifvTrf;NcHK
xm;Mu&ygrnf/ okdYaomf? þt&mtjyif? &Sifaygvku{zuftoif;om;
rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYjyKvkyfzkdYvkdtyfonf[k ajymxm;aomtjcm;t&mwpfck
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
&Sdaeao;onf/
umvtpOfqkawmif;yXemjyKjcif;
&Sifaygvku ]]umvtpOfqkawmif;yXemjyKMuavmh}} [k ajymcJh
onf/ þt&monf pmwefESihf4if;\ewfqkd;rsm;ukd qkdifNydKifwkdufvSef
aomwkdufyGJ&Sd uREkfyfwkdY\tcef;u@jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;
om;rsm;tm; ]]umvtpOf}} qkawmif;Mu&ef ajymcJhonfukdowdjyKyg/
uREkfyfwkdYonf tcuftcJrsm;ukd &ifqkdif&aomtcsdefüom
qkawmif;Mu&rnfr[kwfyg/ okdYaomf? þonfrSm uREkfyfwkdYvkyfaeust&m
jzpfaeonf/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaomtcsdefwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf acsmifydwfrdí
vGwfajrmufzkdYvrf;r&dSdaom tcsdefüomocifbk&m;\ ÓPfynmESihf
wefcdk;awmfukd&SmBuHzkdY pOf;pm;Muonf/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;
rsm;tm; qkawmif;jcif;ukd b0&SifoefaexkdifrIwpfck (yHkrSefvkyfaeus
t&m)tjzpfjyKvkyfMuzkdY vkdtyfaMumif;ajymcJhonf/ olwkdYonf pmwefu
wkdufckdufvmrnhftcsdeftxd apmifhpm;aezkdYr[kwfyg/ olwkdYonf pmwef\
wkdufckdufrIrsm;ukdwmqD;zkdY qkawmif;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYonf ty,fi&J\tiftm;pkrsm;ukd rjywf
rvyfqkawmif;jcif;jzihf w&pyfwkdufckdufae&rnf[k ajymaeygonf/
rD;awmufaeaomjr§m;rsm;tvm;? þqkawmif;csufrsm;onf &efol\
wyfpkukdxkd;azmuf0ifa&mufí &efolwnfaqmufxm;aom ajcukyfrsm;
ukd NzdKcsypfygonf/ pmwefonf toif;awmftm; qefYusifwkdufckdufjcif;
ukdb,faomtcgwGifrQ &yfwefYoGm;rnfr[kwfaMumif;ukd aocsmrSwf
xm;yg/ olonfwpfaeYNyD;wpfaeY pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;eH&HBuD;rsm;tm; wnf
aqmufjcif;ukd ravsmhwrf;vkyfaqmifaeygonf/ olonfemusnf;cg;oD;
rIESihf rkef;wD;rIrsm;jzihf ypfaygufjci;fukdvufavsmhoGm;rnfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyf
wkdYonfvnf; qkawmif;jcif;ukd vufavsmhoGm;ír&yg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
&efol\jr§m;csufrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\jr§m;rsm;jzihf qefYusifwkefYjyef&rnf
jzpfonf/ qkawmif;jcif;jzihf? bk&m;ocif\ wefckd;awmfonf pmwef\
ajcukyfrsm;tay:okdY ajzvTwfjcif;ukdcH&ygonf/
xGufajrmuf&m 17 &Sd tmrvufvlrsKd;wkdYtm; arma&Swkdufckduf
cJhonfh tjzpftysufukd oifowd&rdygovm;/ þtmrvufvlrsKd;rsm;
onf bk&m;ocif\ vlrsm;ukdzsufqD;zkdYoem;n§mwmrIuif;pGm wkdufckduf
aeMuygonf/ þtcsdefwGif arma&Sonf bk&m;ocif\awmifa0S;
awmfukd vufxJwGifukdifxm;vQuf rdrd\vufwkdYukd ajr§mufxm;cJhygonf/
arma&S\vufrsm;ukdajr§mufxm;orQ umvywfvkH;&efol\wyfrsm;rSm
½IH;edrfhcJhMuonf/ okdYaomf? arma&S\vufrsm;onf tm;ukefvmíatmuf
okdYusvmMuonfESihf &efolwdkYuwkdufyGJukd pwiftEkdif&vmMuygonf/
pmweftm;qefYusifwkdufckdufjcif;wGifvnf; þtwkdif;yifjzpfonf/
qkawmif;jcif;onf atmifjrifjcif;ukd qGwf,lay;ygonf/
&Sifaygvkonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; qkawmif;&müvnf;
tm;BuD;aomolrsm;jzpfMuzkdY pdefac:cJhonf/ qkawmif;jcif;onf uREkfyfwkdY
\&SifoefaexkdifykHjzpf&rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd
qkawmif;jcif;ESihf &TJ&TJpkdpkdaeap&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ trIawmfvkyfief;rsm;ukd
vnf; qkawmif;jcif;ESihf &TJ&TJpkdaeap&rnf/ pmwefESihf4if;\ aumif;uif
wrefrsm;ukd qkdifNydKifwkdufvSefaom wkdufyGJwGifqkawmif;jcif;onf
tm½kHpl;pkduf&rnfht&mjzpfvmzkdY vkdtyfonf/ bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmf
onfqkawmif;jcif;tm;jzihf vTifhxkwfjcif;ukdcH&onf/ tcsdefwkdif;?
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
390 391
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
&Sdaeao;onf/
umvtpOfqkawmif;yXemjyKjcif;
&Sifaygvku ]]umvtpOfqkawmif;yXemjyKMuavmh}} [k ajymcJh
onf/ þt&monf pmwefESihf4if;\ewfqkd;rsm;ukd qkdifNydKifwkdufvSef
aomwkdufyGJ&Sd uREkfyfwkdY\tcef;u@jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;
om;rsm;tm; ]]umvtpOf}} qkawmif;Mu&ef ajymcJhonfukdowdjyKyg/
uREkfyfwkdYonf tcuftcJrsm;ukd &ifqkdif&aomtcsdefüom
qkawmif;Mu&rnfr[kwfyg/ okdYaomf? þonfrSm uREkfyfwkdYvkyfaeust&m
jzpfaeonf/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaomtcsdefwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf acsmifydwfrdí
vGwfajrmufzkdYvrf;r&dSdaom tcsdefüomocifbk&m;\ ÓPfynmESihf
wefcdk;awmfukd&SmBuHzkdY pOf;pm;Muonf/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;
rsm;tm; qkawmif;jcif;ukd b0&SifoefaexkdifrIwpfck (yHkrSefvkyfaeus
t&m)tjzpfjyKvkyfMuzkdY vkdtyfaMumif;ajymcJhonf/ olwkdYonf pmwefu
wkdufckdufvmrnhftcsdeftxd apmifhpm;aezkdYr[kwfyg/ olwkdYonf pmwef\
wkdufckdufrIrsm;ukdwmqD;zkdY qkawmif;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYonf ty,fi&J\tiftm;pkrsm;ukd rjywf
rvyfqkawmif;jcif;jzihf w&pyfwkdufckdufae&rnf[k ajymaeygonf/
rD;awmufaeaomjr§m;rsm;tvm;? þqkawmif;csufrsm;onf &efol\
wyfpkukdxkd;azmuf0ifa&mufí &efolwnfaqmufxm;aom ajcukyfrsm;
ukd NzdKcsypfygonf/ pmwefonf toif;awmftm; qefYusifwkdufckdufjcif;
ukdb,faomtcgwGifrQ &yfwefYoGm;rnfr[kwfaMumif;ukd aocsmrSwf
xm;yg/ olonfwpfaeYNyD;wpfaeY pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;eH&HBuD;rsm;tm; wnf
aqmufjcif;ukd ravsmhwrf;vkyfaqmifaeygonf/ olonfemusnf;cg;oD;
rIESihf rkef;wD;rIrsm;jzihf ypfaygufjci;fukdvufavsmhoGm;rnfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyf
wkdYonfvnf; qkawmif;jcif;ukd vufavsmhoGm;ír&yg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
&efol\jr§m;csufrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\jr§m;rsm;jzihf qefYusifwkefYjyef&rnf
jzpfonf/ qkawmif;jcif;jzihf? bk&m;ocif\ wefckd;awmfonf pmwef\
ajcukyfrsm;tay:okdY ajzvTwfjcif;ukdcH&ygonf/
xGufajrmuf&m 17 &Sd tmrvufvlrsKd;wkdYtm; arma&Swkdufckduf
cJhonfh tjzpftysufukd oifowd&rdygovm;/ þtmrvufvlrsKd;rsm;
onf bk&m;ocif\ vlrsm;ukdzsufqD;zkdYoem;n§mwmrIuif;pGm wkdufckduf
aeMuygonf/ þtcsdefwGif arma&Sonf bk&m;ocif\awmifa0S;
awmfukd vufxJwGifukdifxm;vQuf rdrd\vufwkdYukd ajr§mufxm;cJhygonf/
arma&S\vufrsm;ukdajr§mufxm;orQ umvywfvkH;&efol\wyfrsm;rSm
½IH;edrfhcJhMuonf/ okdYaomf? arma&S\vufrsm;onf tm;ukefvmíatmuf
okdYusvmMuonfESihf &efolwdkYuwkdufyGJukd pwiftEkdif&vmMuygonf/
pmweftm;qefYusifwkdufckdufjcif;wGifvnf; þtwkdif;yifjzpfonf/
qkawmif;jcif;onf atmifjrifjcif;ukd qGwf,lay;ygonf/
&Sifaygvkonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; qkawmif;&müvnf;
tm;BuD;aomolrsm;jzpfMuzkdY pdefac:cJhonf/ qkawmif;jcif;onf uREkfyfwkdY
\&SifoefaexkdifykHjzpf&rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd
qkawmif;jcif;ESihf &TJ&TJpkdpkdaeap&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ trIawmfvkyfief;rsm;ukd
vnf; qkawmif;jcif;ESihf &TJ&TJpkdaeap&rnf/ pmwefESihf4if;\ aumif;uif
wrefrsm;ukd qkdifNydKifwkdufvSefaom wkdufyGJwGifqkawmif;jcif;onf
tm½kHpl;pkduf&rnfht&mjzpfvmzkdY vkdtyfonf/ bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmf
onfqkawmif;jcif;tm;jzihf vTifhxkwfjcif;ukdcH&onf/ tcsdefwkdif;?
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
390 391
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
ae&mwkdif;ü qkawmif;&efvkdtyfykHukd uREkfyfwkdYrsufajcjywf oGm;cJhaom
aMumifh ,aeYwGifpmweftvGefa&SUa&mufc&D;aygufae&jcif; jzpfEkdifyg
ovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonfpmwefukd qkdifNydKifwGef;vSef&eftwGuf vlYBudK;pm;
tm;xkwfrIukdykdí rvkdtyfyg/ qkawmif;jcif;ukdom ykdívkdtyfMuygonf/
or®musrf;pmonf þpnf;rsOf;Oya'oESihfjynfhaeygonf/
]]vlwkdYonf tm;ravsmhbJ BudK;pm;íqkawmif;&rnf taMumif;
ukd Oyrmpum;tm;jzihf rdefYawmfrlonfum;}} (vkum 18;1)/
]]ajrmfvihfvsuf 0rf;ajrmufMuavmh/ qif;&J'ku©a&mufaomtcg
onf;cHMuavmh/ qkawmif;yXemjyKjcif;trIukd tNrJjyKMuavmh}}
(a&mr 12;12)/
]]tb,ftrIukdrQ pdk;&drfjcif;r&SdbJ t&m&müaus;Zl;awmfukd
csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihfwuG qkawmif;yXemjyKaomtm;jzihf? oifwkdY
awmif;yefvkdaomt&mrsm;wkdYukd bk&m;ociftm; Mum;avQmuf
Muavmh}} (zdvdyÜd 4;6)/
]]qkawmif;yXemjyKjcif;trIukd tNrJjyKí? aus;Zl;awmfukd
csD;rGrf;vsuf apmifha&SmufMuavmh}} (aumavmoJ 4;2)/
]]rjcm;rvyfqkawmif;yXemjyKMuavmh}} (1ouf 5;17)/
þwkdufyGJwGif qkawmif;jcif;onf tb,frQta&;ygonfukd
tvG,fwuljrifawGUEkdifygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUwGif&Sdaom wkdufyGJwGif
uREkfyfwkdYtEkdif&vkdvQif uREkfyfwkdYonftcsdefwkdif;? ae&mwkdif;ü qkawmif;
&ef qufuyftyfESHxm;aomolrsm;jzpfMuzdkY vkdtyfonf/
qkawmif;yXemjyKjcif;trsKd;rsKd;wkdYjzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
&Sifaygvkonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonftrsKd;rsKd;
aomqkawmif;yXemjyKjcif;jzihf qkawmif;Mu&rnfjzpfaMumif;ukdvnf;
ajymjycJhonf/ þaqG;aEG;rIwGif qkawmif;jcif;ESpfrsKd;ukdom uREkfyfMunfh½I
oGm;csifygonf/ csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihfMum;0ifawmif;avQmufay;jcif; jzpfMu
onf/ yxrqkawmif;jcif;trsKd;tpm;jzpfonfh aus;Zl;wifjcif;ESihf csD;rGrf;
jcif;[laom qkawmif;jcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í &efolonfþqkawmif;csuf
rsKd;rsm;aMumihf tvsiftjref½IH;edrfhoGm;cJhaomtcsdefrsm;&Sdygonf/ pmwef
uoihfukd zdtm;ay;aeonf[k cHpm;aomtcgwGif ocifbk&m; uoihfukd
ay;oem;cJhaom aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;jcif;
twGuf oifhtoHukdjr§ifhvkdufyg/ þt&m\tusKd;&vm'frsm;ukd oifha&SU
arSmufwGif &SdaeaomwkdufyGJwGif ½Ipm;yg/ ½kd;om;rSefuefaom aus;Zl;
awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;toHukd &efolMum;aomtcg qkwfcGgxGufajy;oGm;
ygvdrfhrnf/
uREkfyftrIawmfaqmifcJhaom arma&;&SyfuRef;&Sd toif;awmfü
&efolcsOf;uyf0ifa&mufvmcJhNyD;? BuD;rm;aompdwf0rf;uGJrIBuD; jzpfay:
apcJhonfhtjzpfukd uREkfyfowd&rdonf/ þtoif;awmfonf wpfcsdef
wpfcgu xkda'o&Sdtokdif;t0kdif;Mum;wGif ppfrSefaomoufaowpfck
jzpfcJhonf/ okdYaomf? bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;onf olwkdYxHrS
½kkyfodrf;oGm;cJhonf/ umvtwefMum rnfolrQocifa,½Itm; ,kHMunf
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
392 393
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
ae&mwkdif;ü qkawmif;&efvkdtyfykHukd uREkfyfwkdYrsufajcjywf oGm;cJhaom
aMumifh ,aeYwGifpmweftvGefa&SUa&mufc&D;aygufae&jcif; jzpfEkdifyg
ovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonfpmwefukd qkdifNydKifwGef;vSef&eftwGuf vlYBudK;pm;
tm;xkwfrIukdykdí rvkdtyfyg/ qkawmif;jcif;ukdom ykdívkdtyfMuygonf/
or®musrf;pmonf þpnf;rsOf;Oya'oESihfjynfhaeygonf/
]]vlwkdYonf tm;ravsmhbJ BudK;pm;íqkawmif;&rnf taMumif;
ukd Oyrmpum;tm;jzihf rdefYawmfrlonfum;}} (vkum 18;1)/
]]ajrmfvihfvsuf 0rf;ajrmufMuavmh/ qif;&J'ku©a&mufaomtcg
onf;cHMuavmh/ qkawmif;yXemjyKjcif;trIukd tNrJjyKMuavmh}}
(a&mr 12;12)/
]]tb,ftrIukdrQ pdk;&drfjcif;r&SdbJ t&m&müaus;Zl;awmfukd
csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihfwuG qkawmif;yXemjyKaomtm;jzihf? oifwkdY
awmif;yefvkdaomt&mrsm;wkdYukd bk&m;ociftm; Mum;avQmuf
Muavmh}} (zdvdyÜd 4;6)/
]]qkawmif;yXemjyKjcif;trIukd tNrJjyKí? aus;Zl;awmfukd
csD;rGrf;vsuf apmifha&SmufMuavmh}} (aumavmoJ 4;2)/
]]rjcm;rvyfqkawmif;yXemjyKMuavmh}} (1ouf 5;17)/
þwkdufyGJwGif qkawmif;jcif;onf tb,frQta&;ygonfukd
tvG,fwuljrifawGUEkdifygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUwGif&Sdaom wkdufyGJwGif
uREkfyfwkdYtEkdif&vkdvQif uREkfyfwkdYonftcsdefwkdif;? ae&mwkdif;ü qkawmif;
&ef qufuyftyfESHxm;aomolrsm;jzpfMuzdkY vkdtyfonf/
qkawmif;yXemjyKjcif;trsKd;rsKd;wkdYjzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
&Sifaygvkonf {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonftrsKd;rsKd;
aomqkawmif;yXemjyKjcif;jzihf qkawmif;Mu&rnfjzpfaMumif;ukdvnf;
ajymjycJhonf/ þaqG;aEG;rIwGif qkawmif;jcif;ESpfrsKd;ukdom uREkfyfMunfh½I
oGm;csifygonf/ csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihfMum;0ifawmif;avQmufay;jcif; jzpfMu
onf/ yxrqkawmif;jcif;trsKd;tpm;jzpfonfh aus;Zl;wifjcif;ESihf csD;rGrf;
jcif;[laom qkawmif;jcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í &efolonfþqkawmif;csuf
rsKd;rsm;aMumihf tvsiftjref½IH;edrfhoGm;cJhaomtcsdefrsm;&Sdygonf/ pmwef
uoihfukd zdtm;ay;aeonf[k cHpm;aomtcgwGif ocifbk&m; uoihfukd
ay;oem;cJhaom aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;jcif;
twGuf oifhtoHukdjr§ifhvkdufyg/ þt&m\tusKd;&vm'frsm;ukd oifha&SU
arSmufwGif &SdaeaomwkdufyGJwGif ½Ipm;yg/ ½kd;om;rSefuefaom aus;Zl;
awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;toHukd &efolMum;aomtcg qkwfcGgxGufajy;oGm;
ygvdrfhrnf/
uREkfyftrIawmfaqmifcJhaom arma&;&SyfuRef;&Sd toif;awmfü
&efolcsOf;uyf0ifa&mufvmcJhNyD;? BuD;rm;aompdwf0rf;uGJrIBuD; jzpfay:
apcJhonfhtjzpfukd uREkfyfowd&rdonf/ þtoif;awmfonf wpfcsdef
wpfcgu xkda'o&Sdtokdif;t0kdif;Mum;wGif ppfrSefaomoufaowpfck
jzpfcJhonf/ okdYaomf? bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;onf olwkdYxHrS
½kkyfodrf;oGm;cJhonf/ umvtwefMum rnfolrQocifa,½Itm; ,kHMunf
0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
392 393
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
jcif;okdY ajymif;vJrvmcJhMuyg/ vma&mufvnfywfí yg0ifolrsm;u
tvGefxif&Sm;odomaom pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;ukd toif;awmfücHpm;cJhMu
onf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf tqifrajy? roifh
rwifhjzpfaecJhMuonf/ emusnf;cg;oD;rIESihf pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;onf vkyfief;
wpfckvkH;üpdrfh0ifysHUESHUoGm;cJhonf/ þtcsdefumvwpfavQmufvkH;wGif
þtrIawmfü aus;Zl;wifjcif;ESihf csD;rGrf;jcif; vkdtyfaerIukd udk,fawmf
&SifuuREkfyf\pdwfESvkH;xJü cwfESdyfcJhonf/ toif;awmfwpfyg;tjzpfESihf
ocifbk&m;ukd uREkfyfwkdY csD;rGrf;Ekdifrnfht&mrsm;ukd uREkfyfpwif&SmBuH
cJhonf/ toif;om;wpfOD;\ toufwmü emusnf;cg;oD;jcif;ESihf rwkefY
jyefbJ? cspfjcif;arwåmjzihfwkefYjyef&ef ocifbk&m;tvkyfvkyfonfukd uREkfyf
wkdYjrifawGUMuaomtcg aus;Zl;awmfukdcsD;rGrf;Muonf/ bk&m;ocifvkyf
aqmifaeaomt&mukd uREkfyfwkdYpwiftm½kHpl;pkdufvmMuonfESihf t&m
tm;vkH;onf pwifajymif;vJvmonf/ ra&S;raESmif;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonf
ocifbk&m;ukdcsD;rGrf;zkdY taMumif;t&if;rsm;ukd ykdíykdípwifjrif
awGUvmMuonf/ odyfrMumrDwGif xkdzdESdyfcsKyfcs,fcH&rIonf pwifaysmuf
uG,foGm;cJhonf/ pmwefonf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;jcif;ukd onf;rcHEkdifcJhyg/
bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;u 4if;wkdY jyóemrsm;\ tysufoabmaqmifaom
pdwfESifh pl;pkdufaeMuonfhumvywfvkH; pmwefonf xkdae&müae&onf
ukdESpfoufonf/ okdYaomfbk&m;ocifhvlrsm;\ pdwfESvkH;onf csD;rGrf;jcif;
rsm;ESihfjynfhvmaomtcg pmwef raeEkdifawmhyg/ aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;jcif;
qkawmif;csufrsm;tm;jzihf &efol\ajcukyfrsm;rSm NydKvJysufpD;oGm;
Mu&onf/
'kwd,qkawmif;jcif;rsKd;onf Mum;0ifawmif;avQmufay;jcif;
(okdY) qkawmif;oem;cHjcif;jzpfonf/ þqkawmif;jcif;rsKd;wGif uREkfyfwkdY\
vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukdvnf;aumif;? trIawmfvkyfief;ESihftoufwmü bk&m;
ocif\ aumif;BuD;r*Fvmukdvnf;aumif; awmif;avQmufMuygonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUü&Sdaeaom wkdufyGJwGif þqkawmif;jcif;rsKd;ukdvnf; uREkfyf
wkdYvkdtyfMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUü&Sdaeaom wkdufyGJukd&ifqkdifwkdufvSef
&eftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaomt&mrsm;tm; ay;oem;&onfukd bk&m;
ocifESpfoufaysmfarGUawmfrlonf/ ,mukyf 4;2 u uREkfyfwkdYonf
rawmif;avQmufMuaomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYü r&Sd&jcif;jzpfaMumif; ajymjy
xm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaomt&mrsm;ukd bk&m;ocifxHü
awmif;avQmufMuzdkY uREkfyfwkdYukd or®musrf;pmü tzefwvJvJqifhac:
xm;ygonf/ oifonf&efolukd &ifqkdifzkdYÓPfynmvkdtyfygovm;/
bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/ bk&m;ocifu ay;rnf[kuwday;
xm;onf (,mukyf 1;5)/ oifonfcGeftm;pGrf;yum; (okdY) onf;cHjcif;ukd
vkdtyfaeygovm;/ qkawmif;jcif;jzihf &,lzkdYomvkdtyfygonf (1&m
30;6)/ &efolukd &ifqkdif&eftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaomt&mrsm;onf
tqifoihf&SdaeMuygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYvkyf&rnfh wpfckwnf;aomt&mrSm
awmif;zkdYjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf qkawmif;jcif;\ wefcdk;awmftjynfh
tpkHukd ,ckjrifawGUMu&ygrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYawmif;avQmufMuaomaMumifh
ajcukyfcHwyfrsm;NydKvJ zsufqD;cHMu&ygonf/ emrusef;jzpfolrsm;onf
bk&m;ocif\ tvkdawmfESihftnD aysmufuif;oGm;Muygonf/ taMumif;
rSm xkdolwkdYukd bk&m;ocif\ temNidrf;jcif;vufawmfü uREkfyfwkdY
394 3950dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
jcif;okdY ajymif;vJrvmcJhMuyg/ vma&mufvnfywfí yg0ifolrsm;u
tvGefxif&Sm;odomaom pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;ukd toif;awmfücHpm;cJhMu
onf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf tqifrajy? roifh
rwifhjzpfaecJhMuonf/ emusnf;cg;oD;rIESihf pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;onf vkyfief;
wpfckvkH;üpdrfh0ifysHUESHUoGm;cJhonf/ þtcsdefumvwpfavQmufvkH;wGif
þtrIawmfü aus;Zl;wifjcif;ESihf csD;rGrf;jcif; vkdtyfaerIukd udk,fawmf
&SifuuREkfyf\pdwfESvkH;xJü cwfESdyfcJhonf/ toif;awmfwpfyg;tjzpfESihf
ocifbk&m;ukd uREkfyfwkdY csD;rGrf;Ekdifrnfht&mrsm;ukd uREkfyfpwif&SmBuH
cJhonf/ toif;om;wpfOD;\ toufwmü emusnf;cg;oD;jcif;ESihf rwkefY
jyefbJ? cspfjcif;arwåmjzihfwkefYjyef&ef ocifbk&m;tvkyfvkyfonfukd uREkfyf
wkdYjrifawGUMuaomtcg aus;Zl;awmfukdcsD;rGrf;Muonf/ bk&m;ocifvkyf
aqmifaeaomt&mukd uREkfyfwkdYpwiftm½kHpl;pkdufvmMuonfESihf t&m
tm;vkH;onf pwifajymif;vJvmonf/ ra&S;raESmif;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonf
ocifbk&m;ukdcsD;rGrf;zkdY taMumif;t&if;rsm;ukd ykdíykdípwifjrif
awGUvmMuonf/ odyfrMumrDwGif xkdzdESdyfcsKyfcs,fcH&rIonf pwifaysmuf
uG,foGm;cJhonf/ pmwefonf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;jcif;ukd onf;rcHEkdifcJhyg/
bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;u 4if;wkdY jyóemrsm;\ tysufoabmaqmifaom
pdwfESifh pl;pkdufaeMuonfhumvywfvkH; pmwefonf xkdae&müae&onf
ukdESpfoufonf/ okdYaomfbk&m;ocifhvlrsm;\ pdwfESvkH;onf csD;rGrf;jcif;
rsm;ESihfjynfhvmaomtcg pmwef raeEkdifawmhyg/ aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;jcif;
qkawmif;csufrsm;tm;jzihf &efol\ajcukyfrsm;rSm NydKvJysufpD;oGm;
Mu&onf/
'kwd,qkawmif;jcif;rsKd;onf Mum;0ifawmif;avQmufay;jcif;
(okdY) qkawmif;oem;cHjcif;jzpfonf/ þqkawmif;jcif;rsKd;wGif uREkfyfwkdY\
vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukdvnf;aumif;? trIawmfvkyfief;ESihftoufwmü bk&m;
ocif\ aumif;BuD;r*Fvmukdvnf;aumif; awmif;avQmufMuygonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUü&Sdaeaom wkdufyGJwGif þqkawmif;jcif;rsKd;ukdvnf; uREkfyf
wkdYvkdtyfMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUü&Sdaeaom wkdufyGJukd&ifqkdifwkdufvSef
&eftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaomt&mrsm;tm; ay;oem;&onfukd bk&m;
ocifESpfoufaysmfarGUawmfrlonf/ ,mukyf 4;2 u uREkfyfwkdYonf
rawmif;avQmufMuaomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYü r&Sd&jcif;jzpfaMumif; ajymjy
xm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaomt&mrsm;ukd bk&m;ocifxHü
awmif;avQmufMuzdkY uREkfyfwkdYukd or®musrf;pmü tzefwvJvJqifhac:
xm;ygonf/ oifonf&efolukd &ifqkdifzkdYÓPfynmvkdtyfygovm;/
bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/ bk&m;ocifu ay;rnf[kuwday;
xm;onf (,mukyf 1;5)/ oifonfcGeftm;pGrf;yum; (okdY) onf;cHjcif;ukd
vkdtyfaeygovm;/ qkawmif;jcif;jzihf &,lzkdYomvkdtyfygonf (1&m
30;6)/ &efolukd &ifqkdif&eftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaomt&mrsm;onf
tqifoihf&SdaeMuygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYvkyf&rnfh wpfckwnf;aomt&mrSm
awmif;zkdYjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf qkawmif;jcif;\ wefcdk;awmftjynfh
tpkHukd ,ckjrifawGUMu&ygrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYawmif;avQmufMuaomaMumifh
ajcukyfcHwyfrsm;NydKvJ zsufqD;cHMu&ygonf/ emrusef;jzpfolrsm;onf
bk&m;ocif\ tvkdawmfESihftnD aysmufuif;oGm;Muygonf/ taMumif;
rSm xkdolwkdYukd bk&m;ocif\ temNidrf;jcif;vufawmfü uREkfyfwkdY
394 3950dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
tyfEHScJhMuaomaMumihfjzpfonf/ wpfpkHwpfa,mufu qkawmif;aom
aMumihf tjypfom;rSm u,fwifjcif;cH&í rlvt½kduft&mü jyefvnfxm;
&Sd jcif;ukdcH&onf/ qkawmif;jcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYtm;bk&m;ocif\
wefckd;awmfukd wkduf½kduftokH;jyKapygonf/ &efolonf þt&m\a&SU
wGif wefckd;tpGrf;rJhoGm;&ygonf/
0dnmOfawmfü (tm;jzifh) qkawmif;jcif;
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wpfck&Sdonf/ þtcsuf\ta&;ygykHukd uREkfyftxl;ajymvkdaomaMumihf
tqkH;ykdif;ü csefvSyfxm;&jcif;jzpfonf/ &SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYtm; ]]0dnmOf
awmfü(tm;jzihf)}} qkawmif;Muavmh[k þae&müajymxm;ygonf/
þpum;pkonf rnfonfht&mukdqkdvkdygoenf;/ qkawmif;jcif;ü awGU&
aompkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rSm ocifbk&m;xHokdY uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fykdift,l
tqrsm;ESihftwl a&mufvmMujcif;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif
ukd uREkfyfwkdY\rdwfaqGrsm;ESihf aqGrsKd;rsm;\toufwmü rnfokdYtvkyf
vkyfay;&ef vkdtyfonfukd vrf;ñTefMuonf/ þpBuF0|mBuD;tm; rnfokdY
pDrHcefYcGJ&rnf? rnfolYukdtemNidrf;ap&rnfukd bk&m;ociftm; uREkfyf
wkdYajymjyMuonf/ þuJhokdYaom qkawmif;jcif;rsKd;onf þae&mü
&Sifaygvkajymaeaom qkawmif;jcif;rsKd;r[kwfyg/ &Sifaygvkonf
qkawmif;jcif;ü ]]trnfwyfajymvkduf? awmif;,lvkduf}} (name it, claim
it) [laom pdwfoabmxm;rsKd;ukd axmufcHtm;ay;aejcif;r[kwfyg/
uREfkyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfawmfü(tm;jzihf) qkawmif;Mu&rnfjzpf
onf[k &Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYukdajymjycsdefwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf0dnmOf
awmf\ OD;aqmifjcif;? vrf;ñTefjcif;? aphaqmfjcif;wkdYESihftnD qkawmif;
MuzkdYvkdtyfonf[k ajymjyaeaMumif; uREkfyf,kHMunfrdonf/ þuJhokdYaom
qkawmif;jcif;onf bk&m;ocifhoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ aphaqmf
jcif;? bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ oGefoifcsufwkdYESihf uREkfyfwkdY
wpfom;wnf;jzpfaeaom tcgüomjzpfvmEkdifygonf/ 0dnmOfawmfü
(tm;jzihf) qkawmif;jcif;ESihf pyfvsOf;í R.A Torrey \ajymqkdxm;csuf
ukd em;axmifMunfhyg/
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ rsufarSmufawmfokdY wkd;0ifMuaom
tcsdefwGif csnfheJYtm;enf;jcif;? uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf taumif;qkH;
t&mukd rodem;rvnfjcif;? rnfonfht&mtm;awmif;avQmuf
oifhonfukd rodem;rvnfjcif;? xkdt&mtwGuf rnfokdYqkawmif;
&rnfukd rodem;rvnfjcif;? todpdwfxJü rSefuefpGmqkawmif;
&efvkH;vkH;rwwfEkdifjcif;wkdYukd todtrSwfjyKí rSefuefpGm
qkawmif;wwf&ef uREkfyfwkdYukdoGefoifay;zkdY oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmfukd armfMunfhíuREkfyfwkdY\ qkawmif;jcif;ukd vrf;ñTefay;í
uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfqE´rsm;ukd OD;aqmifay;um uREkfyfwkdY\zGihf[
csufrsm;ukd vrf;jyay;&ef uREkfyfwkdYukd,fukd 0dnmOfawmftay:ü
t<uif;rJhykHtyfxm;&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ rodem;rvnfjcif;ukd
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xGufvmaomt&mukd awmif;avQmufjcif; (okdY)
396 3970dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
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aMumihf tjypfom;rSm u,fwifjcif;cH&í rlvt½kduft&mü jyefvnfxm;
&Sd jcif;ukdcH&onf/ qkawmif;jcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYtm;bk&m;ocif\
wefckd;awmfukd wkduf½kduftokH;jyKapygonf/ &efolonf þt&m\a&SU
wGif wefckd;tpGrf;rJhoGm;&ygonf/
0dnmOfawmfü (tm;jzifh) qkawmif;jcif;
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tqrsm;ESihftwl a&mufvmMujcif;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif
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&Sifaygvkajymaeaom qkawmif;jcif;rsKd;r[kwfyg/ &Sifaygvkonf
qkawmif;jcif;ü ]]trnfwyfajymvkduf? awmif;,lvkduf}} (name it, claim
it) [laom pdwfoabmxm;rsKd;ukd axmufcHtm;ay;aejcif;r[kwfyg/
uREfkyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfawmfü(tm;jzihf) qkawmif;Mu&rnfjzpf
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awmf\ OD;aqmifjcif;? vrf;ñTefjcif;? aphaqmfjcif;wkdYESihftnD qkawmif;
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qkawmif;jcif;onf bk&m;ocifhoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ aphaqmf
jcif;? bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ oGefoifcsufwkdYESihf uREkfyfwkdY
wpfom;wnf;jzpfaeaom tcgüomjzpfvmEkdifygonf/ 0dnmOfawmfü
(tm;jzihf) qkawmif;jcif;ESihf pyfvsOf;í R.A Torrey \ajymqkdxm;csuf
ukd em;axmifMunfhyg/
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ rsufarSmufawmfokdY wkd;0ifMuaom
tcsdefwGif csnfheJYtm;enf;jcif;? uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf taumif;qkH;
t&mukd rodem;rvnfjcif;? rnfonfht&mtm;awmif;avQmuf
oifhonfukd rodem;rvnfjcif;? xkdt&mtwGuf rnfokdYqkawmif;
&rnfukd rodem;rvnfjcif;? todpdwfxJü rSefuefpGmqkawmif;
&efvkH;vkH;rwwfEkdifjcif;wkdYukd todtrSwfjyKí rSefuefpGm
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csufrsm;ukd vrf;jyay;&ef uREkfyfwkdYukd,fukd 0dnmOfawmftay:ü
t<uif;rJhykHtyfxm;&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ rodem;rvnfjcif;ukd
0efcHtodtrSwfjyK&rnfhae&monf qkawmif;jcif;rSmxuf
tjcm;ae&mr&Sdyg/ bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmfqDodkY earmf
erJhtajy;tvTm;wkd;0ifvmNyD;? uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfüyxrqkH;ay:
xGufvmaomt&mukd awmif;avQmufjcif; (okdY)
396 3970dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
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pOf;pm;qifjcifjcif;uif;rJhaomtjcm;olwpfOD;u qkawmif;ay;
zkdYwifjyvmaomaMumihf awmif;avQmufjcif;onf 0dnmOfawmf
ü(tm;jzihf)qkawmif;jcif; r[kwfouJhokdY? rSefuefaom qkawmif;
jcif;vnf;r[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd
apmifhpm;í rdrdukd,fukdoefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfxHü tnHhcHay;
tyfMu&rnf/ bk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu
rIwfoGif;awmfrlaom qkawmif;csufonf crnf;awmfbk&m;u
ajzMum;aom qkawmif;csufjzpfonf (Torrey, R.A. The Per-
son and Work of the Holy Spirit: Grand Rapids : Zondervan
Publishing House, 1947, Pgs. 131, 132)/
awmfa&; (Torrey) rSefuefaMumif; uREkfyf,kHMunfonf/ uREkfyf
wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufurnfonfht&mjzpfrnfukd pOf;pm;
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qkawmif;jcif;okdY pOf;pm;qifjcifjcif;uif;rJhpGm tajy;tvTm;ESihf rnfokdY
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OD;aqmifjcif;ESihf aphaqmfjcif;twkdif; qkawmif;MuzkdY vkdtyfaMumif;
&Sifaygvkuajymaeygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tvkdukd&SmBuH&if; Zmwdyuwdü
awmif;aomuREkfyfwkdY\qkawmif;csufrsm;ukd pmwefpkd;&drfylyefay;zkdY
rvkdtyfyg/ þenf;vrf;twkdif; qufvufíqkawmif;aezkdY oifhukdyif
wkdufwGef;aumif; wkdfufwGef;aeayrnf/ &Sif,mukyfu þuJhokdYaom
qkawmif;jcif;rsKd;ukd ,mukyf 4;3 wGif ajymjycJhonf/
]]qkawmif;vQifvnf; umr*kPfcHpm;p&mbkdY &Sdapjcif;iSg? tvGJ
awmif;aomaMumifhr&Mu/}}
pmwefonf uREkfyfwkdYtm; Zmwdyuwdü qkawmif;jcif;ukd
qufvufjyKap&onfukd tvGefaysmf&Tifonf/ taMumif;rSm? uREkfyfwdkY
onf olYtwGufNcdrf;ajcmufrIwpfck rjzpfMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ aemuf
qkH;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonf pdwf"gwfusvmMuNyD; pdwfysuftm;avsmhoGm;Mu
ygvdrfhrnf/ okdYaomf? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd,fwkdifu rIwfoGif;awmf
rlxm;aom qkawmif;csufrsm;rSm tvGefxl;jcm;Muygonf/ þqkawmif;
csufrsm;onf wefckd;ESihfjynfhaeMuonf/ þqkawmif;csufrsm;onf
ty,fi&Jtiftm;pkrsm;ukd aemufqkwfxGufajy;apaom qkawmif;csuf
rsm;jzpfMuonf/ 0dnmOfawmf\vrf;jyrIü qkawmif;aomolrsm;ukd
pmwef rqD;wm;Ekdifyg/
qkawmif;jcif;qkdonfrSm bk&m;ocifu þpBuF0|mBuD;ukd
rnfokdYpDrHcefYcGJoihfonf[k uREkfyfwkdY\txifukd bk&m;ociftm;ajymjy
jcif;xufykdygonf/ ppfrSefaomqkawmif;jcif;onf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmf\ vrf;jyjcif;ukdcH&onf/ þqkawmif;jcif;onf 0dnmOfawmf\
rIwfoGif;jcif;ukdcH&onf/ bk&m;ocifonf þqkawmif;csufrsm;ukd
tajzay;ygvdrfhrnf/ wrefawmf&Sifa,m[efu þtcsufukd 1a,m
5;14-15 wGiftvGef&Sif;vif;pGmajymqkdxm;ygonf/
igwkdYonf bk&m;ocifhtxHawmfü &J&ifhjcif;taMumif;[lrlum;?
igwkdYonf tvkdawmfESihftnDwpkHwckaomqkukdawmif;vQif?
bk&m;ocifonf em;axmifawmfrl\/ qkawmif;orQaom
pum;wkdYukd em;axmifawmfrlonfukd igwkdYodvQif? txHawmfü
awmif;aom qkwkdYukd&rnf[k od&Mu\/}}
398 3990dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
pOf;pm;qifjcifjcif;uif;rJhaomtjcm;olwpfOD;u qkawmif;ay;
zkdYwifjyvmaomaMumihf awmif;avQmufjcif;onf 0dnmOfawmf
ü(tm;jzihf)qkawmif;jcif; r[kwfouJhokdY? rSefuefaom qkawmif;
jcif;vnf;r[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd
apmifhpm;í rdrdukd,fukdoefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfxHü tnHhcHay;
tyfMu&rnf/ bk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu
rIwfoGif;awmfrlaom qkawmif;csufonf crnf;awmfbk&m;u
ajzMum;aom qkawmif;csufjzpfonf (Torrey, R.A. The Per-
son and Work of the Holy Spirit: Grand Rapids : Zondervan
Publishing House, 1947, Pgs. 131, 132)/
awmfa&; (Torrey) rSefuefaMumif; uREkfyf,kHMunfonf/ uREkfyf
wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufurnfonfht&mjzpfrnfukd pOf;pm;
awG;awmjcif;r&SdbJ? þt&mtwGufESihf xkdt&mtwGufqkawmif;&ef
qkawmif;jcif;okdY pOf;pm;qifjcifjcif;uif;rJhpGm tajy;tvTm;ESihf rnfokdY
rMumcPwkd;0ifMuygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\
OD;aqmifjcif;ESihf aphaqmfjcif;twkdif; qkawmif;MuzkdY vkdtyfaMumif;
&Sifaygvkuajymaeygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tvkdukd&SmBuH&if; Zmwdyuwdü
awmif;aomuREkfyfwkdY\qkawmif;csufrsm;ukd pmwefpkd;&drfylyefay;zkdY
rvkdtyfyg/ þenf;vrf;twkdif; qufvufíqkawmif;aezkdY oifhukdyif
wkdufwGef;aumif; wkdfufwGef;aeayrnf/ &Sif,mukyfu þuJhokdYaom
qkawmif;jcif;rsKd;ukd ,mukyf 4;3 wGif ajymjycJhonf/
]]qkawmif;vQifvnf; umr*kPfcHpm;p&mbkdY &Sdapjcif;iSg? tvGJ
awmif;aomaMumifhr&Mu/}}
pmwefonf uREkfyfwkdYtm; Zmwdyuwdü qkawmif;jcif;ukd
qufvufjyKap&onfukd tvGefaysmf&Tifonf/ taMumif;rSm? uREkfyfwdkY
onf olYtwGufNcdrf;ajcmufrIwpfck rjzpfMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ aemuf
qkH;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonf pdwf"gwfusvmMuNyD; pdwfysuftm;avsmhoGm;Mu
ygvdrfhrnf/ okdYaomf? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd,fwkdifu rIwfoGif;awmf
rlxm;aom qkawmif;csufrsm;rSm tvGefxl;jcm;Muygonf/ þqkawmif;
csufrsm;onf wefckd;ESihfjynfhaeMuonf/ þqkawmif;csufrsm;onf
ty,fi&Jtiftm;pkrsm;ukd aemufqkwfxGufajy;apaom qkawmif;csuf
rsm;jzpfMuonf/ 0dnmOfawmf\vrf;jyrIü qkawmif;aomolrsm;ukd
pmwef rqD;wm;Ekdifyg/
qkawmif;jcif;qkdonfrSm bk&m;ocifu þpBuF0|mBuD;ukd
rnfokdYpDrHcefYcGJoihfonf[k uREkfyfwkdY\txifukd bk&m;ociftm;ajymjy
jcif;xufykdygonf/ ppfrSefaomqkawmif;jcif;onf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmf\ vrf;jyjcif;ukdcH&onf/ þqkawmif;jcif;onf 0dnmOfawmf\
rIwfoGif;jcif;ukdcH&onf/ bk&m;ocifonf þqkawmif;csufrsm;ukd
tajzay;ygvdrfhrnf/ wrefawmf&Sifa,m[efu þtcsufukd 1a,m
5;14-15 wGiftvGef&Sif;vif;pGmajymqkdxm;ygonf/
igwkdYonf bk&m;ocifhtxHawmfü &J&ifhjcif;taMumif;[lrlum;?
igwkdYonf tvkdawmfESihftnDwpkHwckaomqkukdawmif;vQif?
bk&m;ocifonf em;axmifawmfrl\/ qkawmif;orQaom
pum;wkdYukd em;axmifawmfrlonfukd igwkdYodvQif? txHawmfü
awmif;aom qkwkdYukd&rnf[k od&Mu\/}}
398 3990dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;ESihf
bk&m;ocifh 0dnmOfawmf\aphaqmfjcif;wkdYtm;jzihfomvQif uREkfyfwkdYonf
bk&m;ocif\ tvkdawmfESihfnDñGwfaomt&mrsm;ukd awmif;avQmufEkdif
Muygonf/ uREkfyfonf bk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESihf
rdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;ü &SdaerSomppfrSefaom qkawmif;csufukdjyKvkyfEkdif
ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\OD;aqmifjcif;twGuf
pdwfESvkH;ukdzGihfxm;vQif oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu uREkfyfwkdYtm; rnfokdY
qkawmif;&rnfukd jyoay;ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY qkawmif;zkdYvkdtyfaom
t&mrsm;üuREkfyfwkdYukdvrf;ñTefay;ygvdrfhrnf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwdkY
twGufyif qkawmif;ay;rnfjzpfouJhokdY uREkfyfwkdYukdvnf; qkawmif;Ekdif
&efpGrf;aqmifay;ygvdrfhrnf(a&mr 8;26 ukd Munfhyg)/ tcGihfta&;&Sdwkdif;
bk&m;ocif\ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu aphaqmfí rIwfoGif;xm;aom
qkawmif;csufrsm;ukdawmif;yg/ þuJhokdY aomqkawmif;csufrsKd;onf
tvGefwefckd;BuD;í &efolukdtvsiftjref qkwfcGmoGm;apygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
rnfonhftcsdefü uREkfyfwkdYqkawmif;&rnfenf;/
Zmwdyuwdü (tm;jzihf) qkawmif;jcif;ESihf 0dnmOfawmfü (tm;
jzihf) qkawmif;jcif;wkdY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrSm tb,fenf;/
&efol\wkdufckdufrIrsm;ukd qefYusifwGef;vSef&mü tvGeftm;BuD;
aomtiftm;ukd jzpfaponfhqkawmif;csufrSm rnfuJhokdYaom
qkawmif;csufjzpfoenf;/
oifh&JUukd,fykdifqkawmif;jcif;toufwmESihf pyfvsOf;íbk&m;
ocifu þusrf;csuftm;jzihf oihfukdrnfonfht&mtm; ajymjy
aeygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&ef txl;tcGihfta&;rsm;ESihf bk&m;ocifu rdrd\
tHhzG,f&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd txajrmufjynfhpkHapzkdY oihf&JUqk
awmif;csufrsm;tm;jzihf tvkyfvkyf&ef a&G;cs,fjcif;twGuf
aus;Zl;csD;rGrf;yg/
oifh&JUqkawmif;jcif;toufwmü oihfukdulnDay;zkdY bk&m;ocif
xHawmif;avQmufyg/ 0dnmOfawmf\ vrf;ñTefay;onfhtwkdif;
rnfokdYqkawmif;&rnfukd oGefoifay;zkdY ukd,fawmfhukdawmif;
avQmufyg/
400 4010dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;ESihf
bk&m;ocifh 0dnmOfawmf\aphaqmfjcif;wkdYtm;jzihfomvQif uREkfyfwkdYonf
bk&m;ocif\ tvkdawmfESihfnDñGwfaomt&mrsm;ukd awmif;avQmufEkdif
Muygonf/ uREkfyfonf bk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESihf
rdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;ü &SdaerSomppfrSefaom qkawmif;csufukdjyKvkyfEkdif
ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\OD;aqmifjcif;twGuf
pdwfESvkH;ukdzGihfxm;vQif oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu uREkfyfwkdYtm; rnfokdY
qkawmif;&rnfukd jyoay;ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY qkawmif;zkdYvkdtyfaom
t&mrsm;üuREkfyfwkdYukdvrf;ñTefay;ygvdrfhrnf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwdkY
twGufyif qkawmif;ay;rnfjzpfouJhokdY uREkfyfwkdYukdvnf; qkawmif;Ekdif
&efpGrf;aqmifay;ygvdrfhrnf(a&mr 8;26 ukd Munfhyg)/ tcGihfta&;&Sdwkdif;
bk&m;ocif\ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu aphaqmfí rIwfoGif;xm;aom
qkawmif;csufrsm;ukdawmif;yg/ þuJhokdY aomqkawmif;csufrsKd;onf
tvGefwefckd;BuD;í &efolukdtvsiftjref qkwfcGmoGm;apygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
rnfonhftcsdefü uREkfyfwkdYqkawmif;&rnfenf;/
Zmwdyuwdü (tm;jzihf) qkawmif;jcif;ESihf 0dnmOfawmfü (tm;
jzihf) qkawmif;jcif;wkdY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrSm tb,fenf;/
&efol\wkdufckdufrIrsm;ukd qefYusifwGef;vSef&mü tvGeftm;BuD;
aomtiftm;ukd jzpfaponfhqkawmif;csufrSm rnfuJhokdYaom
qkawmif;csufjzpfoenf;/
oifh&JUukd,fykdifqkawmif;jcif;toufwmESihf pyfvsOf;íbk&m;
ocifu þusrf;csuftm;jzihf oihfukdrnfonfht&mtm; ajymjy
aeygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&ef txl;tcGihfta&;rsm;ESihf bk&m;ocifu rdrd\
tHhzG,f&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd txajrmufjynfhpkHapzkdY oihf&JUqk
awmif;csufrsm;tm;jzihf tvkyfvkyf&ef a&G;cs,fjcif;twGuf
aus;Zl;csD;rGrf;yg/
oifh&JUqkawmif;jcif;toufwmü oihfukdulnDay;zkdY bk&m;ocif
xHawmif;avQmufyg/ 0dnmOfawmf\ vrf;ñTefay;onfhtwkdif;
rnfokdYqkawmif;&rnfukd oGefoifay;zkdY ukd,fawmfhukdawmif;
avQmufyg/
400 4010dnmOfawmftm;jzihf qkawmif;Muavmh
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
3434
3434
34
apmifha&SmufMuavmhapmifha&SmufMuavmh
apmifha&SmufMuavmhapmifha&SmufMuavmh
apmifha&SmufMuavmh
{zuf 6;18 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þqifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;wGif? uREfkyfwdkY\ a&SUarSmufü&Sdaeaom
0dnmOfwdkufyGJESifh qufpyfaeonfh aemufqkH;wifjyoHk;oyfcsuf ESpfcsuf
ESifhtwl bk&m;ocifjyifqifay;aom ppf0wfpkHtm; uREfkyfwdkY aphpyfao
csmpGmawG;ac:oHk;oyfjcif;udk ed*kH;csKyfoGm;Muygrnf/
hapmifha&SmufMuavmh (owd&SdEdk;Mum;Muavm)
þae&mü &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; ajymjycJhonfh
yxrt&mrSm 4if;wdkYowd&Sd Edk;Mum;aeMuzdkYjzpfonf/ þusrf;ykd'f\
usrf;abmiftoGm;tvmudk owd&rSwfrdaeMuygpdkY/ uREfkyfwdkYonf
BuD;rm;aom 0dnmOfa&;wdkufyGJBuD;wpfckwGif yg0ifqifETJaeMuaMumif;udk
&Sif;vif;ajymMum;zdkY &Sifaygvk BudK;pm;aecJhygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYtrsm;pku
uREfkyfwdkY\ a&SUarSmufü&Sdaeaom wdkufyGJtaMumif;udk qifjcifpOf;pm;jcif;
r&SdbJ rdrdwdkY\toufwmudk &SifoefaeMuygonf/ þwdkufyGJonf
pmwef\pdwfESvkH;xJü tav;teufxm;aom wdkufyGJjzpfaMumif;
oifwdkYudk taotcsmajymyg&ap/ þt&monf pmweftvGefrufarm
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
3434
3434
34
apmifha&SmufMuavmhapmifha&SmufMuavmh
apmifha&SmufMuavmhapmifha&SmufMuavmh
apmifha&SmufMuavmh
{zuf 6;18 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þqifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;wGif? uREfkyfwdkY\ a&SUarSmufü&Sdaeaom
0dnmOfwdkufyGJESifh qufpyfaeonfh aemufqkH;wifjyoHk;oyfcsuf ESpfcsuf
ESifhtwl bk&m;ocifjyifqifay;aom ppf0wfpkHtm; uREfkyfwdkY aphpyfao
csmpGmawG;ac:oHk;oyfjcif;udk ed*kH;csKyfoGm;Muygrnf/
hapmifha&SmufMuavmh (owd&SdEdk;Mum;Muavm)
þae&mü &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; ajymjycJhonfh
yxrt&mrSm 4if;wdkYowd&Sd Edk;Mum;aeMuzdkYjzpfonf/ þusrf;ykd'f\
usrf;abmiftoGm;tvmudk owd&rSwfrdaeMuygpdkY/ uREfkyfwdkYonf
BuD;rm;aom 0dnmOfa&;wdkufyGJBuD;wpfckwGif yg0ifqifETJaeMuaMumif;udk
&Sif;vif;ajymMum;zdkY &Sifaygvk BudK;pm;aecJhygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYtrsm;pku
uREfkyfwdkY\ a&SUarSmufü&Sdaeaom wdkufyGJtaMumif;udk qifjcifpOf;pm;jcif;
r&SdbJ rdrdwdkY\toufwmudk &SifoefaeMuygonf/ þwdkufyGJonf
pmwef\pdwfESvkH;xJü tav;teufxm;aom wdkufyGJjzpfaMumif;
oifwdkYudk taotcsmajymyg&ap/ þt&monf pmweftvGefrufarm
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
aomt&mjzpfouJhodkY pdwfxJwGif pGJvef;aeaomt&mvnf;jzpfonf/
pmwef\ tm½kHpl;pdkufrIwpfckvHk;onf bk&m;ocif\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;udk
zsufqD;&efjzpfonf/ pmwefESifh 4if;\aumif;uifwrefrsm;onf
bk&m;ocifu oifhtoufwmü vkyfaqmifvdkaeaom trIawmfudk
tm½kHvGJajymif;apí zsufqD;&ef tvGefyifyef;BuD;pGm tvkyfvkyfaeMu
ygonf/ þwdkufyGJudk oifjiif;y,fír&yg/ xdkodkYjiif;y,fjcif;onf
or®musrf;pm\ tcGifhtmPm&Sdjcif;udk jiif;y,fjcif;jzpfonf/ wrefawmf
&Sifayw½ku 1ay 5;8wGif þodkYazmfjyxm;cJhonf/
or®mowd&Sdvsuf rtdyfbJ apmifhaeMumavmh/ oifwdkY\&efol
wnf;[laom rm&fewfonf? a[mufaomjcaoFhuJhodkY
tb,foludk rsdK&rnfenf;[lí vSnfhvnf&SmazGvsuf&Sd\/}}
oifonf pmwef\owfjzwfzsufqD;&rnfholrsm;pm&if;wGif
ygaeaMumif;udk aocsm,HkMunfxm;Edkifygonf/ olonf rdrd\ rD;awmuf
aeaomjr§m;udk oifhxHodkY ypfvTwfzdkY toifhawmfqHk;tcsdefudk apmihfpm;
aeygonf/ oifhem;ü pmwefwD;wdk;ajymqdkaeoHudk oifMum;aumif;
Mum;ae&ayrnf/ oifhudk pdwftaESmifht,Sufay;í a'goxGufae
apaMumif;udk oifcHpm;aumif; cHpm;aeygrnf/ oifrarQmfvifhxm;aom
tcsdefwGif? pmwefonf 4if;\ pkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;tjynfhygaom
tdwfudkxrf;vQuf oifhqDodkY wef;wef;rwfrwfajy;0ifvmygvdrfhrnf/
þae&mü &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; ajymjyaeaomt&m
rsm;rSm 4if;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ a&SUarSmufü&Sdaeaom wdkufyGJudk od&Sdxm;
jcif;jzifh toufwmudk &SifoefMu&efjzpfonf/
owd&SdEdk;Mum;onf (apmifha&Smufonf) [laompum;vkH;udk
]]Edk;aeyg}} [kvnf; bmomjyefqdkEdkifygonf/ Asm'dwf 3;2-3wGif
ocifbk&m;u om'dNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmftm; ajymjyxm;aomt&mudk
em;axmifMunfhyg/
rtdyfbJ apmifhíaeavmh/ usef&pfíaovkaomt&mwdkYudk
jyKpkavmh/ oif\tusifhonf ig\bk&m;ocifha&SUü rpkHrvif
&Sdonfudk igawGUNyD/ xdkaMumifh? oifonfcH,lí emaxmifNyD;
onft&mudk atmufarhí apmifha&Smufavmh/ aemifw&avmh/
apmifhíraevQif? olcdk;uJhodkYoif&Sd&modkY igvmrnf/ vmrnfh
tcsdefem&Dudkvnf; oifrod&/}}
ocifa,½Ionf rdrd\tapcH&Sifa,m[eftm;jzifh rdrd\vlwdkY
udk Edk;xaeMu&ef yefMum;cJhygonf/ olwdkYonf rEdk;xcJhMuvQif aoqkH;
oGm;EdkifMuaMumif;udk þae&mwGif owdjyKyg/ þae&mü awGU&aom
bk&m;ocifvlrsm;\ tdyfpufjcif;onf tjypfuif;aom tdyfpufjcif;
r[kwfyg/ aojcif;ESifh,SOfaom tdyfpufjcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYtdyfpuf
onfESifh pmwefonf olwdkY\0dnmOfa&; jzwfvufwuf<ujcif;rsm;
tm;vHk;udk azmufxkwfukefcrf;oGm; apcJhygrnf/ olwdkYonf xdktajc
taerS Edk;xjcif;r&SdvQif ysufpD;jcif;odkY a&muf&SdoGm;Mu&ygrnf/
ocifa,½Iu olwdkY\tdyfpufjcif;onf tjypf'kp½dkufjzpfaMumif; olwdkYudk
ajymcJhygonf/ olwdkYaemifw&zdkY vdktyfcJhonf/
þpum;vHk;rsm;onf uREfkyfwdkY\ acwfumvrS toif;awmf
twGufrjzpfcJhvQif uREfkyftvGeftHhMooGm;&ygvdrfhrnf/ &efolu uREfkyfwdkY
404 405
apmifha&SmufMuavmh
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
aomt&mjzpfouJhodkY pdwfxJwGif pGJvef;aeaomt&mvnf;jzpfonf/
pmwef\ tm½kHpl;pdkufrIwpfckvHk;onf bk&m;ocif\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;udk
zsufqD;&efjzpfonf/ pmwefESifh 4if;\aumif;uifwrefrsm;onf
bk&m;ocifu oifhtoufwmü vkyfaqmifvdkaeaom trIawmfudk
tm½kHvGJajymif;apí zsufqD;&ef tvGefyifyef;BuD;pGm tvkyfvkyfaeMu
ygonf/ þwdkufyGJudk oifjiif;y,fír&yg/ xdkodkYjiif;y,fjcif;onf
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Mum;ae&ayrnf/ oifhudk pdwftaESmifht,Sufay;í a'goxGufae
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tcsdefwGif? pmwefonf 4if;\ pkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;tjynfhygaom
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jcif;jzifh toufwmudk &SifoefMu&efjzpfonf/
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onft&mudk atmufarhí apmifha&Smufavmh/ aemifw&avmh/
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tm;vHk;udk azmufxkwfukefcrf;oGm; apcJhygrnf/ olwdkYonf xdktajc
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ocifa,½Iu olwdkY\tdyfpufjcif;onf tjypf'kp½dkufjzpfaMumif; olwdkYudk
ajymcJhygonf/ olwdkYaemifw&zdkY vdktyfcJhonf/
þpum;vHk;rsm;onf uREfkyfwdkY\ acwfumvrS toif;awmf
twGufrjzpfcJhvQif uREfkyftvGeftHhMooGm;&ygvdrfhrnf/ &efolu uREfkyfwdkY
404 405
apmifha&SmufMuavmh
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\ todkif;t0dkif;BuD;udk ½kyfysufqif;ysuf zsufqD;aepOfwGif uREfkyfwdkY
tdyfaysmfaecJhMuonfh tjypf&SdcJhMuygvm;/ toif;awmf wpfckvkH;onf
emusnf;cg;oD;rIrsm;? remvdkrIrsm;\ 0g;NrdKjcif;udkcH&NyD; &efol\
vufxJwGif Mua&mufoGm;cJhonfudk uREfkyfwdkYjrifawGYaecJhMuygonf/
toif;awmf *dkPf;cGJwpfckvkH;u bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ &Sif;vif;
jywfom;í tcGihftmPm&Sdaom oGefoifcsufrsm;tm; ausmckdif;oGm;
Muonfukd uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUaecJhMuygonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf tpOf
tvmrsm;ESifh *dkPf;*PtpGJoefjcif;0g'xJü pkyf,lodrf;oGif;jcif;udk cH&í
rdrdwdkY\ ,HkMunfjcif;ü qifjcifwkH w&m;rsm;tm;vkHk;udk qkH;½IH;cJhMuonfudk
uREfkyfwdkYjrifawGYaecJhMu &ygonf/ wpfESpfNyD;wpfESpf 0dnmOfa&;ü
wdk;wufrIvu©Pmudk rjyaom rdrdwdkY\ 0dnmOfa&;toufwmü wefYae
&jcif;wGif a&mifh&JaeMuaomolrsm;aMumifh uREkfyfwdkYtvGef pdwfysufae
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]]xdyfqkH;pm&if;0if}} a&yef;pm;aomoDcsif;rsm;üvnf;aumif;? ta&mif;
&qkH;pmtkyfrsm;üvnf;aumif; ukd,fusihfw&m;azmufjyefysufpD;jcif;ukd
uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUaeMu&ygonf/ vmrnfhESpfumvrsm;wGif ay:xGufvm
rnfhtem*wfrsKd;qufopfrsm;u ]]'gawGjzpfaecJhwJhtcsdefrSm ,kHMunfol
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rnf/ uREkfyfwkdYtdyfaysmfaecJhMuygovm;/ þt&monf rnfonfhenf;
ESihfrQ tjypfuif;aomtdyfpufjcif; r[kwfEkdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYtdyfaysmfMu
onfESihftrQ &efolonfuREkfyfwkdY\ toif;awmfrsm;ESihf tokdif;t0kdfif;
xJrStoufrsm;ukdpkyf,laeygonf/ þt&monf aojcif;ESihf,SOfaom
tdyfpufjcif;jzpfonf/
406 407
Ekd;xzkdYqifhac:jcif;onf tvGefppfrSefaomt&mjzpfonf/
a&mr 13;11 wGif &Sifaygvku þokdYajymxm;onf/
xkdrSwyg;? igwkdYukdu,fwifaom aus;Zl;awmfonf igwkdY,kHMunf
aomaeY&ufü eD;onfxuf ,ckomíeD;aomaMumihf4if;.../
aemufqkH;aomumv\ aeY&ufrsm;okdY csOf;uyfvmonfESihf trQ
uREkfyfwkdYonf ykdítEÅ&m,fukdaocsmpGm owdxm;apmifhMunfhzkdY
vkdtyfvmonf/ pmwefonf rdrd\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;ukd ESpfqjr§ifh
wifygvdrfhrnf/ þtcsdeftcgonf wkdufyGJqifETJae&onfhtcsdeftcgjzpf
aomaMumihf tdyfpufzkdYrjzpfEkdifyg/
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aom {vd&SJESihf4if;\ tapcHwkdYtaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYzwf½I&ygonf/
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NrdKUtm;0ef;&HydwfqkdYaeMuonfukd {vd&SJ\tapcHujrifawGUaomtcg
rdrd\toufwmtwGuf tvGefpkd;&drfaMumuf&GHUaecJhygonf/ rdrd\tapcH
uRefonf tjyifü&Sdaeaomt&mukd trSefwu,fjrifawGUEkdifzkdY bk&m;
ocifonf 4if;\rsufpdukd zGifhay;rnfhtaMumif; {vd&SJqkawmif;cJhonf/
bk&m;ocifu tapcH\rsufpdukdzGihfay;aomtcg rD;jrif;? rD;&xm;ESihf
jynfhaeaomtawmifrsm;ukd awGUjrifcJhonf/ {vd&SJESihf4if;\ tapcH
uRefwkdYukd umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;&eftwGuf bk&m;ocif\aumif;uif
wrefrsm;ukd apvTwfxm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\teD;wpf0kdufü jyif;xefpGm
jzpfysufaeaom rsufpdjzihfrjrifEkdifonfh 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJukd ½kwfw&uf
apmifha&SmufMuavmh
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\ todkif;t0dkif;BuD;udk ½kyfysufqif;ysuf zsufqD;aepOfwGif uREfkyfwdkY
tdyfaysmfaecJhMuonfh tjypf&SdcJhMuygvm;/ toif;awmf wpfckvkH;onf
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vufxJwGif Mua&mufoGm;cJhonfudk uREfkyfwdkYjrifawGYaecJhMuygonf/
toif;awmf *dkPf;cGJwpfckvkH;u bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ &Sif;vif;
jywfom;í tcGihftmPm&Sdaom oGefoifcsufrsm;tm; ausmckdif;oGm;
Muonfukd uREkfyfwkdYjrifawGUaecJhMuygonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf tpOf
tvmrsm;ESifh *dkPf;*PtpGJoefjcif;0g'xJü pkyf,lodrf;oGif;jcif;udk cH&í
rdrdwdkY\ ,HkMunfjcif;ü qifjcifwkH w&m;rsm;tm;vkHk;udk qkH;½IH;cJhMuonfudk
uREfkyfwdkYjrifawGYaecJhMu &ygonf/ wpfESpfNyD;wpfESpf 0dnmOfa&;ü
wdk;wufrIvu©Pmudk rjyaom rdrdwdkY\ 0dnmOfa&;toufwmü wefYae
&jcif;wGif a&mifh&JaeMuaomolrsm;aMumifh uREkfyfwdkYtvGef pdwfysufae
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]]xdyfqkH;pm&if;0if}} a&yef;pm;aomoDcsif;rsm;üvnf;aumif;? ta&mif;
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rnfhtem*wfrsKd;qufopfrsm;u ]]'gawGjzpfaecJhwJhtcsdefrSm ,kHMunfol
awGu b,fa&mufaeMuwmvJ}} [kususeear;aumif;ar;Muygvdrfh
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ESihfrQ tjypfuif;aomtdyfpufjcif; r[kwfEkdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYtdyfaysmfMu
onfESihftrQ &efolonfuREkfyfwkdY\ toif;awmfrsm;ESihf tokdif;t0kdfif;
xJrStoufrsm;ukdpkyf,laeygonf/ þt&monf aojcif;ESihf,SOfaom
tdyfpufjcif;jzpfonf/
406 407
Ekd;xzkdYqifhac:jcif;onf tvGefppfrSefaomt&mjzpfonf/
a&mr 13;11 wGif &Sifaygvku þokdYajymxm;onf/
xkdrSwyg;? igwkdYukdu,fwifaom aus;Zl;awmfonf igwkdY,kHMunf
aomaeY&ufü eD;onfxuf ,ckomíeD;aomaMumihf4if;.../
aemufqkH;aomumv\ aeY&ufrsm;okdY csOf;uyfvmonfESihf trQ
uREkfyfwkdYonf ykdítEÅ&m,fukdaocsmpGm owdxm;apmifhMunfhzkdY
vkdtyfvmonf/ pmwefonf rdrd\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;ukd ESpfqjr§ifh
wifygvdrfhrnf/ þtcsdeftcgonf wkdufyGJqifETJae&onfhtcsdeftcgjzpf
aomaMumihf tdyfpufzkdYrjzpfEkdifyg/
"r®&mZ0ifpwkw¬apmif 6 wGif tvGefpdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;
aom {vd&SJESihf4if;\ tapcHwkdYtaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYzwf½I&ygonf/
&efol½I&d(qD;&D;,m;)bk&ifonf bk&m;ocif\ ya&mzufukd zrf;qD;zkdY
BudKpm;cJhNyD;? {vd&SJaexkdifaeaomNrdKUukd 0ef;&HydwfqkdYcJhonf/ &efolrsm;u
NrdKUtm;0ef;&HydwfqkdYaeMuonfukd {vd&SJ\tapcHujrifawGUaomtcg
rdrd\toufwmtwGuf tvGefpkd;&drfaMumuf&GHUaecJhygonf/ rdrd\tapcH
uRefonf tjyifü&Sdaeaomt&mukd trSefwu,fjrifawGUEkdifzkdY bk&m;
ocifonf 4if;\rsufpdukd zGifhay;rnfhtaMumif; {vd&SJqkawmif;cJhonf/
bk&m;ocifu tapcH\rsufpdukdzGihfay;aomtcg rD;jrif;? rD;&xm;ESihf
jynfhaeaomtawmifrsm;ukd awGUjrifcJhonf/ {vd&SJESihf4if;\ tapcH
uRefwkdYukd umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;&eftwGuf bk&m;ocif\aumif;uif
wrefrsm;ukd apvTwfxm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\teD;wpf0kdufü jyif;xefpGm
jzpfysufaeaom rsufpdjzihfrjrifEkdifonfh 0dnmOfa&;wkdufyGJukd ½kwfw&uf
apmifha&SmufMuavmh
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csufcsif;jrifawGU&jcif;onf rnfonfht&mESihfwlrnfukd uREkfyfodcsifae
rdygonf/ xkdokdYomjrifawGUcJh&vQif uREkfyfwkdYonf ,ciftwkdif;jyef
jzpfcJhMurnfr[kwf[k uREkfyf,kHMunfrdonf/ yuwdrsufpdjzihf rjrifEkdif
aomwkdufyGJ jyif;jyif;xefxefjzpfysufaeygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf owdBuD;
pGmxm;&rnf/
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þusrf;csufü uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfoabmaygufzkdY vkdtyfonf
'kwd,tcsuf&Sdaeao;onf/ &Sifaygvku {zuftoif;om;rsm;tm;
4if;wkdY\ a&SUarSmufü&SdaeMuaom wkdufyGJt&? 4if;wkdYonf oefY&Sif;ol
taygif;wkdYtwGuf tNrJqkawmif;ay;&ef vkdtyfaMumif;ukdajymcJhonf/
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ay;MuzkdY vkdtyfygonf/
txl;ojzifh þusrf;abmiftoGm;tvmwGif &Sifaygvkuol
onf{0Ha*vdw&m;ukd a[majym&müomíBuD;aom &J&ifhjcif;ukday;
oem;cH&rnfhtaMumif; qkawmif;ay;MuzkdY ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd pdefac:
wkdufwGef;cJhygonf/ ocifbk&m;u rdrd\tapcHrsm;? {0Ha*vdw&m;
a[mMum;&mwGif uREkfyfwkdYukdaemufrS&yfwnf yHhykd;ay;MuzkdYarQmfvifhxm;
onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\qkawmif;csufrsm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf nDtpfukdarmifESr
rsm;ESifhtwlwuGvufwGJí ocifc&pfawmf\ trIudpöüwkdufyGJ0ifEkdif
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*vmwd 6 wGif &Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;tm; 4if;
wkdYonfa&SUü&Sdaeaom wkdufyGJwGifwpfOD;ukdwpfOD; *½kpkdufapmifhMunfh
ay;MuzkdYajymcJhonf/ *vmwd 6;1 wGif &Sifaygvku 4if;wkdYonf nDtpf
ukdwpfa,mufu wpfpkHwpfckaomtjypf'kp½kdufukd usL;vGefaeonfukd
jrifawGUMuvQif xkdolukdodrfarGUEl;nHhjcif;ESihftwl ulnDrpírlvtajc
taeü jyefvnfxm;&SdMu&ef rdrdwkdY\tykdif;u@ukd pGrf;pGrf;wrH
vkyfaqmifMuzkdY ajymcJhonf/ tcef;i,f 2 wGif wpfOD;\0efxkyfukd
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rsm;ukd ajymcJhonf/ *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;onf ,kHMunfjcif;ü rdrdwkdY\
nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;jzpfMuaomolrsm;tay:ü aumif;rIukdjyKvkyfMu
&ef tcGihfta&;tm;vkH;ukd &,lMu&rnfjzpfonf (i,f 10)/ rnfolurQ
wkdufyGJukd wpfukd,fwnf;wkdufckdufzkdYrvkdtyfyg/ rdom;pkwpfcktjzpfESihf
uREkfyfwkdYonf wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;apmifhMunfhumuG,fay;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/
ty,fi&J\ tiftm;pkrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdufckdufckcHzkdY a&SUokdYw[kef
xkd;csDwuf&mwGif uREkfyfukdtumtuG,fay;Murnfh qkawmif;ol&Jaumif;
rsm;tzGJUwpfzGJUukd uREkfyf&Sdxm;aMumif;ukd odae&jcif;onf tvGef0rf;
ajrmufzG,ft&mwpfckr[kwfygvm;/ wkdufyGJukd uREkfyfwkdYwpfukd,fwnf;
wkdufckduf&efrSm bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufr[kwfcJhyg/ ukd,fawmfonf
uREkfyfwkdYukdvkdtyfaom ppf0wfwefqmrsm;jzihf 0wfqifvTrf;NcHKay;rnfh
taMumif;uwdjyKcJhygonf/ qkawmif;jcif;rsm;jzifh uREkfyfwkdYonf ewfqkd;
\trmcHajcukyfrsm;ukd w&pyfwkdufckdufaeMuygonf/ &efolukdqkdifNydKif
wkdufvSefaom þr[mwkdufyGJBuD;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonftwlwuGvufwGJí
tvGeftiftm;BuD;rm;aom ppfwyfBuD;wpfwyftjzpfESihf wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;
408 409
apmifha&SmufMuavmh
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jzpfcJhMurnfr[kwf[k uREkfyf,kHMunfrdonf/ yuwdrsufpdjzihf rjrifEkdif
aomwkdufyGJ jyif;jyif;xefxefjzpfysufaeygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf owdBuD;
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4if;wkdY\ a&SUarSmufü&SdaeMuaom wkdufyGJt&? 4if;wkdYonf oefY&Sif;ol
taygif;wkdYtwGuf tNrJqkawmif;ay;&ef vkdtyfaMumif;ukdajymcJhonf/
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ay;MuzkdY vkdtyfygonf/
txl;ojzifh þusrf;abmiftoGm;tvmwGif &Sifaygvkuol
onf{0Ha*vdw&m;ukd a[majym&müomíBuD;aom &J&ifhjcif;ukday;
oem;cH&rnfhtaMumif; qkawmif;ay;MuzkdY ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd pdefac:
wkdufwGef;cJhygonf/ ocifbk&m;u rdrd\tapcHrsm;? {0Ha*vdw&m;
a[mMum;&mwGif uREkfyfwkdYukdaemufrS&yfwnf yHhykd;ay;MuzkdYarQmfvifhxm;
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rsm;ESifhtwlwuGvufwGJí ocifc&pfawmf\ trIudpöüwkdufyGJ0ifEkdif
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ukdwpfa,mufu wpfpkHwpfckaomtjypf'kp½kdufukd usL;vGefaeonfukd
jrifawGUMuvQif xkdolukdodrfarGUEl;nHhjcif;ESihftwl ulnDrpírlvtajc
taeü jyefvnfxm;&SdMu&ef rdrdwkdY\tykdif;u@ukd pGrf;pGrf;wrH
vkyfaqmifMuzkdY ajymcJhonf/ tcef;i,f 2 wGif wpfOD;\0efxkyfukd
wpfOD;uulnDo,fykd;ay;MuzkdYukdvnf; &Sifaygvku *vmwdtoif;om;
rsm;ukd ajymcJhonf/ *vmwdtoif;om;rsm;onf ,kHMunfjcif;ü rdrdwkdY\
nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;jzpfMuaomolrsm;tay:ü aumif;rIukdjyKvkyfMu
&ef tcGihfta&;tm;vkH;ukd &,lMu&rnfjzpfonf (i,f 10)/ rnfolurQ
wkdufyGJukd wpfukd,fwnf;wkdufckdufzkdYrvkdtyfyg/ rdom;pkwpfcktjzpfESihf
uREkfyfwkdYonf wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;apmifhMunfhumuG,fay;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/
ty,fi&J\ tiftm;pkrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdufckdufckcHzkdY a&SUokdYw[kef
xkd;csDwuf&mwGif uREkfyfukdtumtuG,fay;Murnfh qkawmif;ol&Jaumif;
rsm;tzGJUwpfzGJUukd uREkfyf&Sdxm;aMumif;ukd odae&jcif;onf tvGef0rf;
ajrmufzG,ft&mwpfckr[kwfygvm;/ wkdufyGJukd uREkfyfwkdYwpfukd,fwnf;
wkdufckduf&efrSm bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufr[kwfcJhyg/ ukd,fawmfonf
uREkfyfwkdYukdvkdtyfaom ppf0wfwefqmrsm;jzihf 0wfqifvTrf;NcHKay;rnfh
taMumif;uwdjyKcJhygonf/ qkawmif;jcif;rsm;jzifh uREkfyfwkdYonf ewfqkd;
\trmcHajcukyfrsm;ukd w&pyfwkdufckdufaeMuygonf/ &efolukdqkdifNydKif
wkdufvSefaom þr[mwkdufyGJBuD;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonftwlwuGvufwGJí
tvGeftiftm;BuD;rm;aom ppfwyfBuD;wpfwyftjzpfESihf wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;
408 409
apmifha&SmufMuavmh
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
apmifhMunfhumuG,fay;í wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; ulnDyHhykd;ay;Muygonf/ uRekfyf
wkdY\ppf0wfwefqmrsm;ukd ae&mwus0wfqifxm;&Sdí? qkawmif;jcif;ukd
vufeuftjzpfpGJukdifum? uREkfyfwkdY\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukd NcH&HvQuf
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmf\emrawmfü csDwufMuygonf/ ukd,fawmf
&Sifü uREkfyfwkdYonfatmifjrifaomolxuf atmifjrifaomolrsm;jzpfMu
ygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdY\teD;wpf0kduf(uREkfyfwkdY\toif;awmf? uREkfyfwkdY\
tokdif;t0kdif;)ü&efol&Sdaeygonf[laom oufaotaxmuf
txm;&Sdygovm;/
oifonf Ekd;Ekd;Mum;Mum;&SdaecJhygovm;/ oifwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;
(okdY) oifwkdY\ toif;awmfikdufjrnf;tdyfaysmfaeonfh tpdwf
tykdif;wpfckck&Sdaeygovm;/
oifh&JUtrIawmfvkyfief;ukd qkawmif;jcif;jzihfvTrf;NcHKxm;jcif; &Sdyg
ovm;/ xkdvTrf;NcHKjcif;onf rnfrQta&;ygoenf;/
oifonf qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzihf oihf&JUnDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukd
yHhykd;ay;aeygovm;/ oifvkHYv0D&d,&SdpGmqkawmif;ay;&rnfhol
wpfa,mufa,muf&Sdygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
,aeYwGif oifhteD;wpf0kdufü&Sdaeaom wkdufyGJ\oabmobm0
ukdykdíowdxm;rdvm&ef jyKvkyfay;zkdYbk&m;ocifukd awmif;
avQmufyg/
oihfukdykdí Ekd;Mum;wuf<uvm&efESihf wkdufyGJukdtav;teufxm;
vm&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
tjcm;olrsm;ukd 4if;wkdY\a&SUü&Sdaeaom wkdufyGJ\o½kyftrSefukd
odjrifvmMuzkdY oifvkyfaqmif&ef vkdtyfaomt&mrsm;ukd jyo
ay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
,aeYwGif ½kef;uefae&aom rdwfaqGwpfa,muftwGuf
qkawmif;ay;zkdY tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/
410 411apmifha&SmufMuavmh
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
apmifhMunfhumuG,fay;í wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; ulnDyHhykd;ay;Muygonf/ uRekfyf
wkdY\ppf0wfwefqmrsm;ukd ae&mwus0wfqifxm;&Sdí? qkawmif;jcif;ukd
vufeuftjzpfpGJukdifum? uREkfyfwkdY\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukd NcH&HvQuf
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmf\emrawmfü csDwufMuygonf/ ukd,fawmf
&Sifü uREkfyfwkdYonfatmifjrifaomolxuf atmifjrifaomolrsm;jzpfMu
ygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdY\teD;wpf0kduf(uREkfyfwkdY\toif;awmf? uREkfyfwkdY\
tokdif;t0kdif;)ü&efol&Sdaeygonf[laom oufaotaxmuf
txm;&Sdygovm;/
oifonf Ekd;Ekd;Mum;Mum;&SdaecJhygovm;/ oifwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;
(okdY) oifwkdY\ toif;awmfikdufjrnf;tdyfaysmfaeonfh tpdwf
tykdif;wpfckck&Sdaeygovm;/
oifh&JUtrIawmfvkyfief;ukd qkawmif;jcif;jzihfvTrf;NcHKxm;jcif; &Sdyg
ovm;/ xkdvTrf;NcHKjcif;onf rnfrQta&;ygoenf;/
oifonf qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzihf oihf&JUnDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukd
yHhykd;ay;aeygovm;/ oifvkHYv0D&d,&SdpGmqkawmif;ay;&rnfhol
wpfa,mufa,muf&Sdygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
,aeYwGif oifhteD;wpf0kdufü&Sdaeaom wkdufyGJ\oabmobm0
ukdykdíowdxm;rdvm&ef jyKvkyfay;zkdYbk&m;ocifukd awmif;
avQmufyg/
oihfukdykdí Ekd;Mum;wuf<uvm&efESihf wkdufyGJukdtav;teufxm;
vm&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
tjcm;olrsm;ukd 4if;wkdY\a&SUü&Sdaeaom wkdufyGJ\o½kyftrSefukd
odjrifvmMuzkdY oifvkyfaqmif&ef vkdtyfaomt&mrsm;ukd jyo
ay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
,aeYwGif ½kef;uefae&aom rdwfaqGwpfa,muftwGuf
qkawmif;ay;zkdY tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/
410 411apmifha&SmufMuavmh
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
3535
3535
35
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
{zuf 6;19-24 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkonf {zufNrdKUrS,kHMunfolrsm;ukd umvtpOf0dnmOf
awmftm;jzihf qkawmif;aeMuzkdY pdefac:wkdufwGef;aecJhygonf/ þtcef;
i,f 19 ESihf 20 wGif &Sifaygvku txl;ojzihf rdrdESihfbk&m;ocifu
rdrdukdqifhac:í vkyfaqmifapcJhaom trIawmftwGuf qkawmif;ay;zkdY
olwkdYukd yefMum;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olYukdtaMumuft&GHUr&SdbJ
a[mMum;Ekdif&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY qkawmif;ay;Mu&ef olwkdYukdyefMum;cJh
onf/ &Sifaygvk\ þqkawmif;wifjycsufESihfpyfvsOf;í þae&mü
azmfjyaqG;aEG;zkdY vkdtyfaomaMumif;t&mtcsKdU&Sdonf/
a&S;OD;pGm &Sifaygvkonf bk&m;ocif\vQKdU0SufeufeJaomt&m
rsm;ukd xkwfazmfa[majym&mwGif rdrd\yifukdÓPfynmukd tm;ukd;
tm;xm;rjyKaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ &Sifaygvku olonfEIwfyg;pyfukd
zGihf[vkdufaomtcsdefwkdif;wGif pum;vkH;rsm;ukd &&SdcHpm;&rnfhtaMumif;
qkawmif;ay;MuzkdY {zuftoif;om;rsm;ukd awmif;qkdcJhonf/ þpum;
vkH;rsm;onf &Sifaygvk\pum;vkH;rsm;r[kwf? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu
rIwfoGif;xm;aom pum;vkH;rsm;jzpfonf/ 1aum 2 wGif &Sifaygvku
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
3535
3535
35
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
{zuf 6;19-24 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkonf {zufNrdKUrS,kHMunfolrsm;ukd umvtpOf0dnmOf
awmftm;jzihf qkawmif;aeMuzkdY pdefac:wkdufwGef;aecJhygonf/ þtcef;
i,f 19 ESihf 20 wGif &Sifaygvku txl;ojzihf rdrdESihfbk&m;ocifu
rdrdukdqifhac:í vkyfaqmifapcJhaom trIawmftwGuf qkawmif;ay;zkdY
olwkdYukd yefMum;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olYukdtaMumuft&GHUr&SdbJ
a[mMum;Ekdif&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY qkawmif;ay;Mu&ef olwkdYukdyefMum;cJh
onf/ &Sifaygvk\ þqkawmif;wifjycsufESihfpyfvsOf;í þae&mü
azmfjyaqG;aEG;zkdY vkdtyfaomaMumif;t&mtcsKdU&Sdonf/
a&S;OD;pGm &Sifaygvkonf bk&m;ocif\vQKdU0SufeufeJaomt&m
rsm;ukd xkwfazmfa[majym&mwGif rdrd\yifukdÓPfynmukd tm;ukd;
tm;xm;rjyKaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ &Sifaygvku olonfEIwfyg;pyfukd
zGihf[vkdufaomtcsdefwkdif;wGif pum;vkH;rsm;ukd &&SdcHpm;&rnfhtaMumif;
qkawmif;ay;MuzkdY {zuftoif;om;rsm;ukd awmif;qkdcJhonf/ þpum;
vkH;rsm;onf &Sifaygvk\pum;vkH;rsm;r[kwf? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu
rIwfoGif;xm;aom pum;vkH;rsm;jzpfonf/ 1aum 2 wGif &Sifaygvku
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
aum&dE
oKtoif;om;rsm;tm; rdrdonf4if;wkdYxHodkYvma&mufcsdefwGif
rdrd\yifukdÓPfynmtm;jzihf 4if;wkdY\tv,fü a[majymoGefoifjcif;
ukd rjyKvkyfzkdYpdwfqkH;jzwfxm;cJhaMumif; today;cJhygonf/ wrefawmf
rsm;tm;vkH;teuf? &Sifaygvkonf ynmtwwfqkH;yk*¾dKvfjzpfaumif;
jzpfcJhEkdifonf/ xkdYaMumifholonf tjcm;olrsm;ukd pnf;½kH;odrf;oGif;&mü
rdrd\ynma&;ESihfA[kokwrsm;ukd ,kHMunfukd;pm;&efrSm tvGefvG,ful
aecJhygvdrfhrnf/ þuJhokdYaom tjyKtrlrsKd;rS bk&m;ocifuolYukd
umuG,fay;&efrSm &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csufjzpfonf/
'kwd,taejzihf &Sifaygvkonf pkd;&drfaMumuf&GHUjcif;ukd ½kef;uef
ae&aMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ wrefawmfqkdonfrSm pkd;&drfaMumuf&GHUjcif;ukd
rodaomolwpfa,mufjzpfonf[k uREkfyfwkdYrMumcP½IjrifwwfMuonf/
okdYaomf? aum&dE
oKtoif;om;rsm;xH pma&;om;ay;zkdYcJh&mwGif olonf4if;
wkdYxHokdYvma&mufcJhcsdefwGif tm;enf;jcif;? tvGefaMumuf&GHUwkefvIyfjcif;
ESihf twla&mufvmcJhaMumif;ukd 4if;wkdYtm;ajymjycJhonf (1aum 2;3)/
wrefawmfBuD;onf pkd;&drfaMumuf&GHUzkdY vlYtaMumif;jycsuftm;vkH;ukd
&Sdxm;onf/ olonfocifbk&m;\ emrawmfüajymqkda[mMum;csdefwGif
rdrd\w&m;emy&dowfBuD;ukd rMumcPpdwfqkd;a'goxGufapcJhonf/
rdrda[majymaomw&m;a'oemukdvnf; tNrJwrf;vufcHcJhMurnf
r[kwfaMumif;ukdvnf; olodaecJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh? olonfocifbk&m;u
ay;xm;aom EIwfuywfawmfrsm;ukd a[majymzkdY &J&ifhjcif;ukdvkdtyfcJh
onf/ bk&m;ocif\ eufeJaomt&mrsm;ukd a[majymjcif;trIawmf
onf ol&JabmaMumifaomolrsm;twGuf r[kwfyg/ &Sifaygvkonf
oHBudK;ESihfcsnfaESmifjcif;ukd cHxm;&aombk&m;ocif\ oHwrefwpfOD;jzpf
cJhonf/ ocifa,½I\EIwfuywfawmfrsm;ukd a[majymjcif;u þtxif
u& wrefawmfBuD;ukd tusOf;usapcJhonf/
aemufqkH;taejzihf? wrefawmfBuD;onf rdrd\EIwfyg;pyfukd vkdvkd
vm;vm;zGihf[zkdYvkdtyfcJhaMumif;ukd þusrf;ykd'frsm;wGif owdjyKyg/ bk&m;
ocifonf a,bl,stm;jzihf rdrd\emrawmfukd zGihf[a[majymMuzkdY
uREkfyfwkdYukd twif;t"r®rwkdufwGef;yg/ xkdokdYjyKrnftpm;? uREkfyfwkdYu
uREkfyfwkdY\EIwfvQmukd ukd,fawmfxHvkdvkdvm;vm;qufuyfay;tyfaom
tcsdefüom ukd,fawmfuuREkfyfwkdYukd tokH;jyKygonf/ &Sifaygvku rdrd
EIwfyg;pyfukd zGifh[onfESihf bk&m;ocifuvnf; xkdt&mukdtokH;jyKyg
onf/ bk&m;ocifonf oabmobm0tm;jzihf odrfarGUEl;nHhaomol
jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkuom tdrfüxkdifaeí bk&m;ocifurdrd\EIwfyg;pyf
tm;vma&muf zGihf[ay;rnfhtcsdefuom apmifhpm;aecJhvQif? olonf
bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmftwGuftxajrmuf jynfhpkHapcJhaomt&mrsm;ukd
vkH;vkH;jyKvkyfEkdifcJhvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg/ wrefawmfBuD;u rdrd\EIwfyg;pyfukd
zGihf[aomtcsdefwkdif;onf ,kHMunfjcif;jzihf jyKvkyfaqmif&GufcsufjzpfcJh
onf/ ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\EIwfyg;pyfukdoifhwifhrSefuefaom pum;vkH;
rsm;jzihf jznfhwif;ay;rnf[k &Sifaygvk,kHMunfukd;pm;aezkdY vkdtyfcJhonf/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYtm; &yfwnfcsufwpfck &Sdxm;MuzkdY
ukdvnf; arQmfvifhxm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYukd,kHMunfjcif;jzihf a&SUokdYcsDwufMuzkdY
bk&m;ocifarQmfvihfxm;onf/ bk&m;ocifu oihfukdpum;vkH;rsm;ay;
oem;zkdYoifqkawmif;aomtcgwGif oifonfxkdpum;vkH;ukd ajymMum;zkdY
414 415ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
aum&dE
oKtoif;om;rsm;tm; rdrdonf4if;wkdYxHodkYvma&mufcsdefwGif
rdrd\yifukdÓPfynmtm;jzihf 4if;wkdY\tv,fü a[majymoGefoifjcif;
ukd rjyKvkyfzkdYpdwfqkH;jzwfxm;cJhaMumif; today;cJhygonf/ wrefawmf
rsm;tm;vkH;teuf? &Sifaygvkonf ynmtwwfqkH;yk*¾dKvfjzpfaumif;
jzpfcJhEkdifonf/ xkdYaMumifholonf tjcm;olrsm;ukd pnf;½kH;odrf;oGif;&mü
rdrd\ynma&;ESihfA[kokwrsm;ukd ,kHMunfukd;pm;&efrSm tvGefvG,ful
aecJhygvdrfhrnf/ þuJhokdYaom tjyKtrlrsKd;rS bk&m;ocifuolYukd
umuG,fay;&efrSm &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csufjzpfonf/
'kwd,taejzihf &Sifaygvkonf pkd;&drfaMumuf&GHUjcif;ukd ½kef;uef
ae&aMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ wrefawmfqkdonfrSm pkd;&drfaMumuf&GHUjcif;ukd
rodaomolwpfa,mufjzpfonf[k uREkfyfwkdYrMumcP½IjrifwwfMuonf/
okdYaomf? aum&dE
oKtoif;om;rsm;xH pma&;om;ay;zkdYcJh&mwGif olonf4if;
wkdYxHokdYvma&mufcJhcsdefwGif tm;enf;jcif;? tvGefaMumuf&GHUwkefvIyfjcif;
ESihf twla&mufvmcJhaMumif;ukd 4if;wkdYtm;ajymjycJhonf (1aum 2;3)/
wrefawmfBuD;onf pkd;&drfaMumuf&GHUzkdY vlYtaMumif;jycsuftm;vkH;ukd
&Sdxm;onf/ olonfocifbk&m;\ emrawmfüajymqkda[mMum;csdefwGif
rdrd\w&m;emy&dowfBuD;ukd rMumcPpdwfqkd;a'goxGufapcJhonf/
rdrda[majymaomw&m;a'oemukdvnf; tNrJwrf;vufcHcJhMurnf
r[kwfaMumif;ukdvnf; olodaecJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh? olonfocifbk&m;u
ay;xm;aom EIwfuywfawmfrsm;ukd a[majymzkdY &J&ifhjcif;ukdvkdtyfcJh
onf/ bk&m;ocif\ eufeJaomt&mrsm;ukd a[majymjcif;trIawmf
onf ol&JabmaMumifaomolrsm;twGuf r[kwfyg/ &Sifaygvkonf
oHBudK;ESihfcsnfaESmifjcif;ukd cHxm;&aombk&m;ocif\ oHwrefwpfOD;jzpf
cJhonf/ ocifa,½I\EIwfuywfawmfrsm;ukd a[majymjcif;u þtxif
u& wrefawmfBuD;ukd tusOf;usapcJhonf/
aemufqkH;taejzihf? wrefawmfBuD;onf rdrd\EIwfyg;pyfukd vkdvkd
vm;vm;zGihf[zkdYvkdtyfcJhaMumif;ukd þusrf;ykd'frsm;wGif owdjyKyg/ bk&m;
ocifonf a,bl,stm;jzihf rdrd\emrawmfukd zGihf[a[majymMuzkdY
uREkfyfwkdYukd twif;t"r®rwkdufwGef;yg/ xkdokdYjyKrnftpm;? uREkfyfwkdYu
uREkfyfwkdY\EIwfvQmukd ukd,fawmfxHvkdvkdvm;vm;qufuyfay;tyfaom
tcsdefüom ukd,fawmfuuREkfyfwkdYukd tokH;jyKygonf/ &Sifaygvku rdrd
EIwfyg;pyfukd zGifh[onfESihf bk&m;ocifuvnf; xkdt&mukdtokH;jyKyg
onf/ bk&m;ocifonf oabmobm0tm;jzihf odrfarGUEl;nHhaomol
jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkuom tdrfüxkdifaeí bk&m;ocifurdrd\EIwfyg;pyf
tm;vma&muf zGihf[ay;rnfhtcsdefuom apmifhpm;aecJhvQif? olonf
bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmftwGuftxajrmuf jynfhpkHapcJhaomt&mrsm;ukd
vkH;vkH;jyKvkyfEkdifcJhvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg/ wrefawmfBuD;u rdrd\EIwfyg;pyfukd
zGihf[aomtcsdefwkdif;onf ,kHMunfjcif;jzihf jyKvkyfaqmif&GufcsufjzpfcJh
onf/ ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\EIwfyg;pyfukdoifhwifhrSefuefaom pum;vkH;
rsm;jzihf jznfhwif;ay;rnf[k &Sifaygvk,kHMunfukd;pm;aezkdY vkdtyfcJhonf/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYtm; &yfwnfcsufwpfck &Sdxm;MuzkdY
ukdvnf; arQmfvifhxm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYukd,kHMunfjcif;jzihf a&SUokdYcsDwufMuzkdY
bk&m;ocifarQmfvihfxm;onf/ bk&m;ocifu oihfukdpum;vkH;rsm;ay;
oem;zkdYoifqkawmif;aomtcgwGif oifonfxkdpum;vkH;ukd ajymMum;zkdY
414 415ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
yg;pyfzGihfxm;&efvkdtyfonf/ bk&m;ocifu oihfukdr,kHMunfolrsm;ESihf
qufoG,fay;zkdY oifqkawmif;aomtcg? oifonf,kHMunfjcif;jzihf vIyf
&Sm;í oifhteD;wpf0kdufwGif&Sdaeaom xkdolwkdYxH ta&mufoGm;zkdYvkdtyf
ygonf/ oifonf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf ajcvSrf;pzdkYqE´r&SdvQif qkawmif;
jcif;onfvnf; tusKd;r&Sdyg/
&Sifaygvku rdrd\omoemjyKc&D;ü twlwuGvkdufygvmaom
rdwfaqGjzpfol wkcdwftaMumif;ukd tenf;i,frSwfcsufay;&if; pmapmif
ukded*kH;csKyfcJhonf(wrefawmf 20;4 ukdMunfhyg)/ wrefawmfBuD;onf
rdrd\vIyf&Sm;oGm;vmrItm; ododomomuefYowfcsKyfcs,fcHae&csdefwGif
{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; rdrd\tajctaeukd today;zkdYtwGufvnf;
aumif;? 4if;wkdYukd ,kHMunfjcif;ü cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;&eftwGuf
vnf;aumif;wkcdwfukdapvTwfcJhygonf/ wkcdwfonf þpmukd{zuf
toif;om;rsm;xH ,laqmifay;ykdYcJhaomol jzpfEkdifygovm;/ wkcdwfonf
{zuftoif;om;rsm;\ owif;rsm;ESihftwl wrefawmf&SifaygvkxH
jyefvmrnfholjzpfcJhrnfrSmvnf; oHo,yGm;p&mr&Sdyg/
wrefawmfBuD;u rdrd\pmukded*kH;csKyf&mwGif {zuftoif;om;
rsm;tm; crnf;awmfbk&m;ESihf ocifa,½Ic&pfwkdYxHrSvmaom Nidrfouf
jcif;? cspfjcif;? ,kHMunfjcif;ESihf aus;Zl;awmfwkdYjzihf aumif;BuD;ay;cJhonf/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf xm;&SdaomwrefawmfBuD;\ pdwfqE´rSm
ocifa,½I\<u,f0jynfhpkHjcif;onf 4if;wkdYtwGufvnf; jzpfap&rnf
[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf aus;Zl;awmftm;jzihf toif;
awmfukd zefwD;cJhNyD;? pnf;vkH;nDñGwfaom tokdif;t0kdif;wpfckü &Sifoef
&efvkdtyfaomt&mrsm;ukdvnf;aumif;? 'kp½kduftiftm;pkrsm;tm;vkH;
qkdifNydKifwkdufvSef&mü atmifjrifaomwkdufyGJukd qifETJEkdif&eftwGuf
vkdtyfaomt&mrsm;ukdvnf;aumif; rGrf;rHwyfqifay;cJhygonf/
þpmapmifü yg&Sdaomt&mrsm;ukd od&SdívufawGUusifhBuHjcif;u {zuf
toif;om;rsm;ukd 4if;wkdY&ifqkdifBuHKawGU&rnfh tcuftcJrsm;ESihf ppf
aMumjcif;rsm;tm;vkH;wGif umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;cJhygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyf
wkdYonfvnf; uREkfyfwkdY\txJü&Sdaom ocifc&pfawmf\ yuwdjynfhpkH
jcif;ü bk&m;ocifbkef;BuD;jcif;twGuf BuD;xGm;Muygapaomf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;jcif;onf wrefawmf&SifaygvktwGuf rnfrQta&;
ygonfukd þusrf;csufu uREkfyfwkdYtm;rnfokdYoGefoifay;xm;yg
oenf;/
ocifbk&m;\ emrawmfukd zGihf[ajymqkd&efoifhukd rnfonfh
t&mu pkd;&drfaMumuf&GHUaeapygoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\ EIwfyg;pyfukd zGihf[jcif;ESihf bk&m;ociftm; xkdEIwf
yg;pyfukd jznfhwif;apjcif;wkdY\ qufEG,frIrSm tb,fenf;/
bk&m;ocifonf a,bk,stm;jzihf rdrd\tvkdawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY
tm; twif;t"r®rjyKvkyfapyg[k tb,faMumihf oifrSwf,lyg
oenf;/
416 417ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
yg;pyfzGihfxm;&efvkdtyfonf/ bk&m;ocifu oihfukdr,kHMunfolrsm;ESihf
qufoG,fay;zkdY oifqkawmif;aomtcg? oifonf,kHMunfjcif;jzihf vIyf
&Sm;í oifhteD;wpf0kdufwGif&Sdaeaom xkdolwkdYxH ta&mufoGm;zkdYvkdtyf
ygonf/ oifonf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf ajcvSrf;pzdkYqE´r&SdvQif qkawmif;
jcif;onfvnf; tusKd;r&Sdyg/
&Sifaygvku rdrd\omoemjyKc&D;ü twlwuGvkdufygvmaom
rdwfaqGjzpfol wkcdwftaMumif;ukd tenf;i,frSwfcsufay;&if; pmapmif
ukded*kH;csKyfcJhonf(wrefawmf 20;4 ukdMunfhyg)/ wrefawmfBuD;onf
rdrd\vIyf&Sm;oGm;vmrItm; ododomomuefYowfcsKyfcs,fcHae&csdefwGif
{zuftoif;om;rsm;tm; rdrd\tajctaeukd today;zkdYtwGufvnf;
aumif;? 4if;wkdYukd ,kHMunfjcif;ü cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;&eftwGuf
vnf;aumif;wkcdwfukdapvTwfcJhygonf/ wkcdwfonf þpmukd{zuf
toif;om;rsm;xH ,laqmifay;ykdYcJhaomol jzpfEkdifygovm;/ wkcdwfonf
{zuftoif;om;rsm;\ owif;rsm;ESihftwl wrefawmf&SifaygvkxH
jyefvmrnfholjzpfcJhrnfrSmvnf; oHo,yGm;p&mr&Sdyg/
wrefawmfBuD;u rdrd\pmukded*kH;csKyf&mwGif {zuftoif;om;
rsm;tm; crnf;awmfbk&m;ESihf ocifa,½Ic&pfwkdYxHrSvmaom Nidrfouf
jcif;? cspfjcif;? ,kHMunfjcif;ESihf aus;Zl;awmfwkdYjzihf aumif;BuD;ay;cJhonf/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;twGuf xm;&SdaomwrefawmfBuD;\ pdwfqE´rSm
ocifa,½I\<u,f0jynfhpkHjcif;onf 4if;wkdYtwGufvnf; jzpfap&rnf
[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf aus;Zl;awmftm;jzihf toif;
awmfukd zefwD;cJhNyD;? pnf;vkH;nDñGwfaom tokdif;t0kdif;wpfckü &Sifoef
&efvkdtyfaomt&mrsm;ukdvnf;aumif;? 'kp½kduftiftm;pkrsm;tm;vkH;
qkdifNydKifwkdufvSef&mü atmifjrifaomwkdufyGJukd qifETJEkdif&eftwGuf
vkdtyfaomt&mrsm;ukdvnf;aumif; rGrf;rHwyfqifay;cJhygonf/
þpmapmifü yg&Sdaomt&mrsm;ukd od&SdívufawGUusifhBuHjcif;u {zuf
toif;om;rsm;ukd 4if;wkdY&ifqkdifBuHKawGU&rnfh tcuftcJrsm;ESihf ppf
aMumjcif;rsm;tm;vkH;wGif umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;cJhygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyf
wkdYonfvnf; uREkfyfwkdY\txJü&Sdaom ocifc&pfawmf\ yuwdjynfhpkH
jcif;ü bk&m;ocifbkef;BuD;jcif;twGuf BuD;xGm;Muygapaomf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;jcif;onf wrefawmf&SifaygvktwGuf rnfrQta&;
ygonfukd þusrf;csufu uREkfyfwkdYtm;rnfokdYoGefoifay;xm;yg
oenf;/
ocifbk&m;\ emrawmfukd zGihf[ajymqkd&efoifhukd rnfonfh
t&mu pkd;&drfaMumuf&GHUaeapygoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\ EIwfyg;pyfukd zGihf[jcif;ESihf bk&m;ociftm; xkdEIwf
yg;pyfukd jznfhwif;apjcif;wkdY\ qufEG,frIrSm tb,fenf;/
bk&m;ocifonf a,bk,stm;jzihf rdrd\tvkdawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY
tm; twif;t"r®rjyKvkyfapyg[k tb,faMumihf oifrSwf,lyg
oenf;/
416 417ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukd xkwfazmfajymMum;&mü
oifvkdtyfaeaom &J&ihfjcif;ukd ay;oem;&efukd,fawmfxHü
awmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmf? cspfjcif;ESihf Nidrfoufjcif;wkdYukd
ykdíeufeufeJeJ cHpm;awGUBuHKrIwpfckukd oifhtm;ay;oem;&ef
ukd,fawmfxHü awmif;avQmufyg/
rdrd\emrawmfü ajymqkda[mMum;&ef (okdY) trIawmfaqmif&ef
oihfukd aoaocsmcsmvkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;cJhaomtcsdefrsm;
twGuf bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ bk&m;ocif\
bkef;awmftwGuf xkduJhokdYaomtcGihftcgaumif;rsm;ukd ykdí
ay;oem;zkdY ukd,fawmfxHü awmif;avQmufyg/
418
Light To My Path pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;
pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;
pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;
Light To My Path (LTMP) pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;tzGJUonf
pmtkyfpmaya&;om;jyKpkjcif;ESihf jzefYjzL;jcif;omoemvkyfief;jzpfNyD;?
tm&S? vufwiftar&duESihf tmz&duEkdifiHrsm;&Sd vkdtyfcsufrsm;ESihf
rjynfhpkHaom c&pf,meftrIaqmifrsm;tm; vufurf;ay;aeaom
omoemjyKvkyfief;jzpfonf/ þzGHUNzdK;qJEkdifiHrsm;&Sd c&pf,meftrIaqmif
rsm;pGmü or®musrf;pmoifwef;&Sdvm&ef (okdY) olwkdY\omoemvkyfief;
twGuf or®musrf;pmavhvm&mwGif vkdtyfaomtaxmuftuljyK
ypönf;rsm;ukd 0,f,lEkdif&efESihf ukd,fykdifavhvmrIrsm;twGuf t&if;tjrpf
rsm;r&SdMuyg/ F. Wayne Mac Leod onf Action International Minis-
tries \tzGJU0ifwpfOD;jzpfNyD; olonf tultnDvkdtyfao urÇmhw0Srf;
&Sdoif;tkyfq&mrsm;ESihf c&pf,meftrIaqmifrsm;tm; tcrJh(okdY) t½IH;cHí
jzefYjzL;ay;rnf[laom &nf&G,fcsufjzihf þpmtkyfrsm;ukd a&;om;cJhonf/
,aeYwGif axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom pmtkyfrsm;onf EkdifiHaygif;
ajcmufq,fausmf&Sd a'oEÅ&toif;rsm;\ w&m;a[mjcif;üvnfaumif;?
oifMum;jcif;üvnfaumif;? {0Ha*vdvkyfief;rsm;üvnfaumif;? cGeftm;
ay;wkdufwGef;jcif;rsm;üvnfaumif; tokH;jyKvsuf&SdMuonf/ þpmtkyf
twGJrsm;ü&Sdaeaom pmtkyfrsm;tm;bmomtrsKd;rsKd;wkdYjzihf
jyefqkdxm;NyD;jzpfonf/ &nf&G,fcsufrSm c&pf,meftm;vkH;twGuf pmtkyf
tvkHtavmuf&&SdEkdif&ef twwfEkdifqkH;jyKvkyfay;jcif;jzpfonf/
LTMP omoemvkyfief;onf ,kHMunfjcif;üwnfxm;aom
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukd xkwfazmfajymMum;&mü
oifvkdtyfaeaom &J&ihfjcif;ukd ay;oem;&efukd,fawmfxHü
awmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmf? cspfjcif;ESihf Nidrfoufjcif;wkdYukd
ykdíeufeufeJeJ cHpm;awGUBuHKrIwpfckukd oifhtm;ay;oem;&ef
ukd,fawmfxHü awmif;avQmufyg/
rdrd\emrawmfü ajymqkda[mMum;&ef (okdY) trIawmfaqmif&ef
oihfukd aoaocsmcsmvkyfykdifcGihftmPmay;cJhaomtcsdefrsm;
twGuf bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ bk&m;ocif\
bkef;awmftwGuf xkduJhokdYaomtcGihftcgaumif;rsm;ukd ykdí
ay;oem;zkdY ukd,fawmfxHü awmif;avQmufyg/
418
Light To My Path pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;
pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;
pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;
Light To My Path (LTMP) pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;tzGJUonf
pmtkyfpmaya&;om;jyKpkjcif;ESihf jzefYjzL;jcif;omoemvkyfief;jzpfNyD;?
tm&S? vufwiftar&duESihf tmz&duEkdifiHrsm;&Sd vkdtyfcsufrsm;ESihf
rjynfhpkHaom c&pf,meftrIaqmifrsm;tm; vufurf;ay;aeaom
omoemjyKvkyfief;jzpfonf/ þzGHUNzdK;qJEkdifiHrsm;&Sd c&pf,meftrIaqmif
rsm;pGmü or®musrf;pmoifwef;&Sdvm&ef (okdY) olwkdY\omoemvkyfief;
twGuf or®musrf;pmavhvm&mwGif vkdtyfaomtaxmuftuljyK
ypönf;rsm;ukd 0,f,lEkdif&efESihf ukd,fykdifavhvmrIrsm;twGuf t&if;tjrpf
rsm;r&SdMuyg/ F. Wayne Mac Leod onf Action International Minis-
tries \tzGJU0ifwpfOD;jzpfNyD; olonf tultnDvkdtyfao urÇmhw0Srf;
&Sdoif;tkyfq&mrsm;ESihf c&pf,meftrIaqmifrsm;tm; tcrJh(okdY) t½IH;cHí
jzefYjzL;ay;rnf[laom &nf&G,fcsufjzihf þpmtkyfrsm;ukd a&;om;cJhonf/
,aeYwGif axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom pmtkyfrsm;onf EkdifiHaygif;
ajcmufq,fausmf&Sd a'oEÅ&toif;rsm;\ w&m;a[mjcif;üvnfaumif;?
oifMum;jcif;üvnfaumif;? {0Ha*vdvkyfief;rsm;üvnfaumif;? cGeftm;
ay;wkdufwGef;jcif;rsm;üvnfaumif; tokH;jyKvsuf&SdMuonf/ þpmtkyf
twGJrsm;ü&Sdaeaom pmtkyfrsm;tm;bmomtrsKd;rsKd;wkdYjzihf
jyefqkdxm;NyD;jzpfonf/ &nf&G,fcsufrSm c&pf,meftm;vkH;twGuf pmtkyf
tvkHtavmuf&&SdEkdif&ef twwfEkdifqkH;jyKvkyfay;jcif;jzpfonf/
LTMP omoemvkyfief;onf ,kHMunfjcif;üwnfxm;aom
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
trIawmfjzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm? urÇmw0Srf;&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; cGeftm;
ay;jcif;? EId;aqmfwkdufwGef;jcif;rsm;twGuf pmtkyfrsm;ukd jzefYjzL;Ekdif&ef
vkdtyfaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;twGuf uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ociftm;
,kHMunfyHktyfxm;onf/ þpmtkyfrsm;tm; tjcm;bmompum;jzihf
jyefqkdjcif;twGuf4if;? þxufruykdí jzefYa0Ekdif&eftwGuf4if;? bk&m;
ocifvrf;zGihfay;&ef oifqkawmif;ay;Ekdifygovm;/
Light To My Path omoemvkyfie;fESihfpyfvsOf;aom aemufxyf
tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;ukdodvkdvQif uREkfyfwkdY\ website jzpfaom
http://ltmp-homepage.blogspot.ca üavhvmyg/
jrefrmbmomjzihf jyefqkdxm;aom pmtkyfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í
pkHprf;vkdvQif atmufygvdyfpmtwkdif; qufoG,fyg/
Light To My Path Myanmar
GPO Box 1021
Yangon, Myanmar 18111.
Ph: 09779912305
*vmwdMo0g'pm ESifh {zufMo0g'pm
trIawmfjzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm? urÇmw0Srf;&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; cGeftm;
ay;jcif;? EId;aqmfwkdufwGef;jcif;rsm;twGuf pmtkyfrsm;ukd jzefYjzL;Ekdif&ef
vkdtyfaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;twGuf uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ociftm;
,kHMunfyHktyfxm;onf/ þpmtkyfrsm;tm; tjcm;bmompum;jzihf
jyefqkdjcif;twGuf4if;? þxufruykdí jzefYa0Ekdif&eftwGuf4if;? bk&m;
ocifvrf;zGihfay;&ef oifqkawmif;ay;Ekdifygovm;/
Light To My Path omoemvkyfie;fESihfpyfvsOf;aom aemufxyf
tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;ukdodvkdvQif uREkfyfwkdY\ website jzpfaom
http://ltmp-homepage.blogspot.ca üavhvmyg/
jrefrmbmomjzihf jyefqkdxm;aom pmtkyfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í
pkHprf;vkdvQif atmufygvdyfpmtwkdif; qufoG,fyg/
Light To My Path Myanmar
GPO Box 1021
Yangon, Myanmar 18111.
Ph: 09779912305
